Laser coupling TBM cutter head and laser cutting head thereof

Abstract

The invention designs a laser coupling TBM cutter head and a laser cutting head thereof. The laser coupling TBM cutter head comprises a shell and an optical lens set. The optical lens group is arranged in the shell; the optical lens group comprises a convex lens and a perforated concave lens; the convex lens and the perforated concave lens are arranged at a certain interval; a through hole is formed in the center of the perforated concave lens; after a traditional laser beam is emitted through the perforated concave lens, distributed laser is generated, and the distributed laser comprises a traditional laser beam directly passing through the through hole and a refracted beam refracted by an entity area of the concave lens. The invention further designs a laser coupling TBM cutter head, and the laser rock breaking cutting heads are installed on the cutter head and arranged between the adjacent hobs; the laser cutting machine main machine is arranged on the TBM rear support; a stator of the light beam transmission slip ring is fixedly connected with the main frame, and a rotor of the light beam transmission slip ring is fixedly connected with the cutterhead. The problem that a large amount of glass glaze is generated due to the fact that the traditional laser power density is too high can be fundamentally solved, the rock breaking efficiency is improved, the construction period is effectively shortened, and the tool loss cost is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of rock and soil drilling technology, and in particular to a laser-coupled TBM (full-face rock tunnel boring machine) cutter head and a laser cutting head capable of generating distributed laser. Background Art

[0002] Existing straight circular lasers (conventional lasers) can be applied to the field of tunneling technology for roads and mines. Under high-energy laser irradiation, the rock mass absorbs a large amount of energy in a short period of time, which leads to the fragmentation, melting and gasification of the rock, and produces a macroscopic groove morphology, thereby achieving the purpose of rock breaking. However, due to the excessive concentration of traditional laser power density, coupled with the inhomogeneity of natural rocks, poor thermal conductivity and lack of timely purging, a large amount of lava generated at local locations of the rock mass cools and solidifies on the groove wall of the laser groove to form a smooth glassy covering layer (glass glaze). Studies have shown that due to the presence of glass glaze, traditional laser rock breaking still has the following limitations: 1) With the increase of laser power, the laser energy efficiency and rock breaking effect no longer increase significantly. This is because the large amount of glass glaze not only reduces the laser macroscopic rock breaking effect (such as the width and depth of the groove), but also inhibits the transmission of laser energy to the deep rock layer; 2) The glass glaze produces a similar effect to an adhesive, constantly bonding the rock cracks that have been generated, which is not conducive to the extension, expansion and intersection of macroscopic and microscopic cracks, reducing the rock breaking effect. The researchers tried to inhibit the formation of glass glaze by adjusting the laser irradiation mode, cooling technology, surface pretreatment, etc., but the results were minimal because they did not fundamentally change the wavefront shape and highly focused optical properties of traditional lasers.

[0003] In addition to simply using traditional lasers for rock breaking, when applying laser rock breaking technology to large-scale rock (coal, coal, mineral) cutting equipment (hereinafter referred to as cutting equipment) such as TBM, anchor drillers, drilling machines, and open-pit miners, there are also the following difficulties that need to be urgently solved: 1) Unlike traditional lasers that cut metal plates, acrylic plates, glass plates and other materials on the ground, and vertical drilling and cutting of rock formations, the underground excavation environment of TBM and other cutting equipment is extremely harsh, and external substances such as rock slag, mud and water will cause extremely serious damage to the optical lens group, thereby reducing the reliability of traditional laser cutting heads; 2) In order to make the cutting depth and cutting speed continuously generated by traditional lasers consistent with the penetration of traditional rollers that continuously rotate and roll to break rocks, the traditional laser cutting head is used to cut the grooves of the surface of the rock, and the cutting speed is also different from the traditional rollers that continuously rotate and roll to break rocks. In order to match the penetration depth (cutting depth) with the rolling rock breaking linear speed, the laser power must be greatly increased, which will undoubtedly further aggravate the generation of glass glaze. Its adverse consequences are: on the one hand, a large amount of glass glaze adheres to the face of the tunnel after cooling, which will re-bond the macro and micro cracks that have been generated in the rock under the action of thermal stress and mechanical stress, thus inhibiting the expansion and intersection of the lateral cracks between adjacent rollers, resulting in low rock breaking efficiency; on the other hand, the glass glaze is mainly composed of silicon dioxide, so its hardness is higher than that of the original rock. After being broken, it will act as abrasive particles at the contact interface between the knife and rock, thereby increasing the wear rate of the tool; at present, there is no relevant report on fundamentally inhibiting the generation of glass glaze from the principle of beam forming; 3) The traditional laser cutting head will adopt An additional nozzle is used to perform unidirectional side blowing to physically inhibit the formation of glass glaze, but there are the following problems: First, unidirectional side blowing requires additional nozzles and corresponding nozzle protection devices, which has high implementation costs, is not compact in structure, and is easily scratched and damaged by rock debris; second, the nozzle is far away from the circular light spot generated by the laser core area, resulting in a large pressure drop loss in the purging air pressure, making the purging efficiency low and the purging incomplete; third, unilateral purging can easily blow the lava onto the rolling and rock-breaking path of the adjacent roller, causing the roller cutter ring to contact the glass glaze and cause serious abrasive wear of the cutter ring; fourth, the purging range of the existing nozzle is not enough to completely cover the width range of the laser grooving, resulting in Glass glaze remains on the groove walls on both sides of the laser-cut groove; simply increasing the size specifications and nozzle aperture of the existing nozzle cannot effectively solve this problem, because this will significantly increase the specifications of the gas transmission components, airtightness requirements and gas station power; 4) The geological conditions of the rock formation where the TBM is located are complex and changeable, there are many types of rocks on the face, and the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks vary greatly. The type specifications, size parameters, lens distance and object distance (hereinafter referred to as lens-object distance) of the optical lens group of the existing traditional laser cutting head are fixed, so it is difficult to flexibly adapt to the needs of efficient cutting in different rock formations; 5) The kinematic characteristics of the cutting part of the TBM, such as the cutter head, are complex, and it is difficult to directly couple the traditional laser cutting head to the cutting part. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the shortcomings of the existing technical solutions, the present invention provides a laser cutting head, including a shell and an optical lens group arranged in the shell; the optical lens group includes a convex lens and an apertured concave lens arranged at a certain distance from each other; a through hole with a diameter of d4 is opened in the center of the apertured concave lens; after the preliminary focused light beam generated by the laser cutting machine host is incident on the convex lens, a laser light beam with a diameter of d1 is generated, d4<d1, and after the laser light beam is emitted from the apertured concave lens, a direct laser light beam directly passing through the through hole and a refracted light beam generated by refraction through the solid area of ​​the concave lens are generated.

[0005] Furthermore, it also includes a lens distance adjustment component arranged in the shell for adjusting the distance l1.

[0006] Furthermore, the lens distance adjustment assembly includes a guide rod, a screw rod, a movable lens seat, a prime mover, and a transmission assembly, wherein the movable lens seat is used to clamp the convex lens; the guide rod and the screw rod respectively and movably pass through the two ends of the movable lens seat; the guide rod is fixed to the shell, and the screw rod is rotatably arranged in the shell; the prime mover is used to drive the screw rod to rotate, so that the movable lens seat moves along the guide rod.

[0007] Furthermore, the optical lens assembly further comprises an apertured convex lens arranged behind the apertured concave lens; the apertured convex lens is spaced apart from the apertured concave lens by a distance of l4; and a through hole with a diameter of d4 is also formed at the center of the apertured convex lens.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a lens group rotation component arranged in the shell; the lens group rotation component includes a turntable component and a turntable driving component, the turntable component has no less than two layers of coaxial turntables; each layer of the turntable is provided with a number of workstations, and the center of the workstation is provided with a lens installation through hole; the open-hole concave lenses of different specifications are clamped on the lens installation through holes of the uppermost turntable workstation; the open-hole convex lenses of different specifications are correspondingly clamped on the lens installation through holes of the lower turntable workstation; the turntable driving component drives the turntable component to rotate a certain angle relative to the shell, so that the open-hole concave lens, the open-hole convex lens and the convex lens are coaxial.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes an opening and closing chamber arranged at the laser beam output end of the shell, and a pneumatic opening and closing component is arranged in the opening and closing chamber; when working, the pneumatic opening and closing component uses pressurized gas to open the opening and closing chamber; in the initial state, the opening and closing chamber is in a closed state.

[0010] Furthermore, the opening and closing chamber has three partitions; each partition is provided with a light-through hole coaxial with the optical lens group; the pneumatic opening and closing assembly includes an opening and closing part, an elastic element, a connecting part, and a pneumatic part, and the opening and closing part is movably mounted in the opening and closing chamber; an elastic element is arranged between the opening and closing part and the opening and closing chamber; in the initial state, under the action of the elastic element, the opening and closing part closes the light-through hole; the pneumatic part is dynamically connected to the opening and closing part through the connecting part; the pneumatic part is movably mounted in the chamber; when working, the pressurized gas pushes the pneumatic part to move, thereby opening the light-through hole.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a purging nozzle for purging slag, and the purging nozzle is fixedly arranged at the laser beam emitting end of the shell.

[0012] Furthermore, the purge nozzle includes an outer nozzle ring sleeve, an inner nozzle sleeve and an air inlet; a cavity is formed between the outer nozzle ring sleeve and the inner nozzle sleeve; the air inlet is arranged at one end of the cavity, the laser beam is emitted through the inner nozzle sleeve, and the cavity is a gas outlet channel.

[0013] In addition, the present invention also provides a laser-coupled TBM cutterhead, including a laser cutting machine mainframe, a beam transmission cable, a beam transmission slip ring, and the above-mentioned laser cutting head; the laser cutting head is installed on the cutterhead and is located between adjacent hobs; the laser cutting machine mainframe is arranged on the TBM rear supporting device; the stator of the beam transmission slip ring is fixed to the main frame, and the rotor of the beam transmission slip ring is fixed to the cutterhead; the laser cutting machine mainframe is used to generate a preliminary focused beam; the preliminary focused beam is successively transmitted through the beam transmission cable arranged outside the cutterhead, the beam transmission slip ring, and the beam transmission cable arranged inside the cutterhead, and finally transmitted to the laser cutting head through the convex lens.

[0014] The laser cutting head of the present invention adopts an open hole concave lens to properly diverge the edge of the focused laser, reduce the edge laser energy density, and reduce the generation of glass glaze on the cutting edge while ensuring the cutting of the center laser; further adopts coaxial inner eight-shaped compressed air blowing to separate and cool the molten lava in time, reduce the generation of glass glaze, and avoid the adhesion of lava, thereby improving the laser rock breaking effect; according to the characteristics of different rock formations, the lens group rotation assembly is used to quickly replace the optical lens in time, improve the working efficiency, improve the cutting effect, and adapt to the cutting of different rocks and soils; multiple interlayers are used to protect the optical lens group, effectively avoiding the optical lens group from being damaged by rock slag, muddy water and other external factors, so that the laser cutting head of the present invention has good environmental adaptability and reliability. The laser-coupled TBM cutterhead of the present invention sets a laser cutting head between adjacent hobs, quickly prefabricates an air surface, destroys the integrity of the rock, reduces the hob cutting load level, and makes the rock more easily broken under the action of the hob, thereby increasing the rock crushing amount and improving the hob rock breaking energy efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a laser cutting head of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a three-dimensional explosion;

[0017] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure after hiding part of the shell;

[0018] Figure 4 for Figure 2 3D exploded view of the movable mirror mount;

[0019] Figure 5 for Figure 2 A three-dimensional exploded view of the center mirror group rotation assembly;

[0020] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a concave lens with a central aperture;

[0021] Figure 7 For Figure 6 A top view of the concave lens with an aperture shown;

[0022] Figure 8 The aperture concave lens is Figure 7 The cross-sectional view after the AA section is cut;

[0023] Fig. 9 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a convex lens with a central opening;

[0024] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 A top view of a convex lens with a central opening;

[0025] Fig.11 The convex lens with an aperture is Fig.10 The cross-sectional view after the AA section is cut;

[0026] Fig.12 For Figure 1 The right side view of the opening and closing chamber is shown;

[0027] Fig.13 To open and close the chamber Fig.12 The cross-sectional view after the AA section is cut;

[0028] Fig.14 For Figure 1 A right side view of the purge nozzle is shown;

[0029] Fig.15 For the purge nozzle to be Fig.14The cross-sectional view after the AA section is cut;

[0030] Fig.16 For Figure 1 The right side view of the three-dimensional structure shown (only the opening and closing chamber and the purge nozzle are drawn);

[0031] Fig.17 To open and close the chamber and purge the nozzle Fig.16 Sectional view after cutting along the AA section (light aperture is open);

[0032] Fig.18 To open and close the chamber and purge the nozzle Fig.16 Sectional view after cutting along the AA section (the light hole is closed);

[0033] Fig.19 A comparison diagram of the beam forming principle of an optical lens group embedded in a laser cutting head of the present invention and a conventional laser cutting head;

[0034] Fig. 20 The heat source map formed on the rock surface under conventional laser irradiation obtained for simulation;

[0035] Fig.21 The heat source map formed on the rock surface under distributed laser irradiation obtained for simulation;

[0036] Fig. 22 Schematic diagram of power density distribution of distributed laser and traditional laser beam;

[0037] Fig.23 A comparison diagram of the beam forming principle of an optical lens group embedded in a laser cutting head of the present invention (after adopting the preferred solution) and a conventional laser cutting head;

[0038] Fig.24 This is a front view of a laser-coupled TBM cutterhead of the present invention;

[0039] Fig.25 This is a right side view of a laser-coupled TBM cutterhead of the present invention;

[0040] Fig.26 for Fig.25 A partial enlarged view of point I in the middle.

[0041] Fig. 27 Schematic diagram of the distributed laser-assisted roller cutter rock breaking mechanism (the purge nozzle is external and one-way side purge is used).

[0042] Figure numerals: 1, mounting plate; 2, upper housing assembly; 21, upper front housing; 22, upper rear housing; 23, motor II; 24, mirror distance adjustment assembly; 241, guide rod; 242, screw rod; 243, movable mirror seat; 2431, upper mirror seat; 2432, connecting pillar; 2433, convex lens; 2434, lower mirror seat; 2435, screw I; 244, motor I; 245, deep groove ball bearing; 246, gear I; 247, gear II; 3, lower housing assembly; 31, cover shell; 32, side bottom cover shell; 33, mirror group rotation assembly; 331, turntable assembly; 3311, upper turntable; 3312, lower turntable; 3313, stud; 3314, screw II; 332, perforated concave lens; 333, perforated convex lens; 334, rotating connecting sleeve; 4, opening and closing chamber; 41, opening and closing member; 42, elastic element; 43, connecting member; 44, pneumatic member; 45, light hole; 46, chamber air inlet; 5, gas delivery assembly; 51, gas delivery pipe; 52, chamber gas delivery branch pipe; 53, nozzle gas delivery branch pipe; 6, purge nozzle; 61, nozzle outer ring sleeve; 62, nozzle inner sleeve; 63, nozzle air inlet; 7, preliminary focusing beam; 81, laser cutting machine host; 82, beam transmission cable; 83, beam transmission slip ring; 9, transition heat transfer zone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the present invention, and the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the present invention, but the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 27 , are all drawings provided for this embodiment. The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through drawings and embodiments. Specific embodiment one:

[0046] like Figures 1 to 8 , Fig.19 As shown, a laser cutting head of this embodiment includes a housing and an optical lens assembly;

[0047] The optical lens assembly is arranged in the housing;

[0048] The optical lens assembly includes a convex lens 2433 and an apertured concave lens 332; the convex lens 2433 and the apertured concave lens 332 are spaced at a certain distance l1 and are coaxially arranged; a through hole with a diameter of d4 is provided at the center of the apertured concave lens 332; the apertured concave lens is spaced at a certain distance l2 from the rock surface;

[0049] Before introducing the beam forming principle of the laser cutting head of this embodiment, it is necessary to introduce the beam forming principle of the traditional conventional laser. Taking the E1039M laser cutting machine as an example, the laser cutting head is installed on its three-axis walking mechanism, which can also be called a moving beam. In the main machine of this type of laser cutting machine, the CO2 laser generator first generates an initial beam, which in turn outputs a stable beam through the light guide and the corrugated tube; then, the stable beam is guided by the phase shifter and the reflector in turn, and generates a preliminary focused beam 7 (such as the focusing lens) through the focusing lens. Fig.19 The initial focused beam 7 is incident on the convex lens 2433 provided in the conventional laser cutting head via the transmission optical fiber, and is finally focused to generate a conventional laser beam with a diameter of d1; the convex lens 2433 is at a certain distance L from the rock surface; the conventional laser beam will form a circular spot with an outer diameter of d1 on the rock surface irradiated by the laser (as shown in FIG. Fig. 22 As shown in the left part); Fig. 20 As shown, it is a simulated heat source map formed on the rock surface under traditional laser irradiation. The power density in the entire circular spot area is uniformly distributed with high intensity, and there are only a few areas with smaller power density at the edge of the spot.

[0050] Unlike the conventional laser cutting head, as mentioned above, a convex lens 2433 and an apertured concave lens 332 are sequentially arranged in the laser cutting head of the present embodiment; when a conventional laser beam with a diameter of d1 is incident on the apertured concave lens 332 (d4<d1), the conventional laser beam with a beam center diameter smaller than d4 directly passes through the through hole of the apertured concave lens 332, and its power density distribution characteristics remain unchanged, and it is still a conventional laser, which forms a circular laser irradiation spot with an outer diameter of d4 on the rock surface, and the conventional laser beam with a diameter exceeding d4 is refracted by the solid area of ​​the concave lens to generate a conical refracted beam (such as Fig.19 The right part shows a laser irradiation ring-shaped spot with an outer diameter of d2 on the rock surface (as shown in the figure). Fig. 22 The heat source diagram formed on the rock surface under laser irradiation is obtained by simulation in this embodiment. Fig.21As shown, the power density in the circular spot with an outer diameter of d4 is high and concentrated, while the power density in the annular spot area decreases with the increase of the radial direction (that is, the distance between any point and the center of the optical lens group), so its power density no longer has a highly focused distribution characteristic. The traditional laser beam directly passing through the through hole and the refracted beam generated by refraction of the physical area of ​​the concave lens are collectively referred to as a distributed laser beam.

[0051] Preferably, the aperture concave lens 332 is a spherical concave lens; more specifically, Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the outer diameter d5 of the spherical concave lens is 10 mm, the lens thickness T1 is 3.8 mm, the spherical curvature SR is 6.46 mm, and the height T2 from the bottom of the spherical surface to the upper surface of the lens is 1.5 mm. Specific embodiment 2:

[0053] Simulation studies show that the outer diameter d2 of the annular spot decreases as the spacing l2 increases. Considering that in engineering practice, the rock surface is often uneven, this will cause the spacing l2 to fluctuate when the laser cutting head of the present invention is working. In order to eliminate the influence of the fluctuation of the spacing l2 on the power density distribution characteristics of the annular spot, thereby ensuring the stability of the laser rock breaking performance, as a preferred embodiment, Fig.23 As shown, the optical lens assembly also includes an apertured convex lens 333; the apertured convex lens 333 is coaxially arranged behind the apertured concave lens 332 at a spacing of l4; the apertured convex lens 333 is spaced a certain distance l5 from the rock surface; a through hole with a diameter of d4 is also formed in the center of the apertured convex lens 333; the spacing l4 and the spacing l5 are reasonably adjusted to make Fig.23 The conical refracted light beam with an outer diameter of d3 is transformed into a cylindrical parallel light beam; the outer diameter d3 of the cylindrical parallel light beam does not change with the change of the spacing l5; in other words, the heat source distribution characteristics of the light spot formed by the cylindrical parallel light beam on the rock surface theoretically do not change with the fluctuation of the spacing l5; as mentioned above, the characteristics of the traditional laser light beam with a diameter not greater than d4 remain unchanged.

[0054] More preferably, Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the open hole convex lens 334 is a spherical plano-convex lens with an outer diameter d6 of 25.4 mm, a lens thickness T3 of 4.3 mm, and a spherical curvature SR of 70 mm. Specific embodiment three:

[0056] In order to adjust the distance l1 between the convex lens 2433 and the apertured concave lens 332, thereby adjusting the diameter d1 of the conventional laser beam entering the apertured concave lens 332, and finally achieving the purpose of adjusting the power density distribution characteristics of the distributed laser beam according to the rock properties, preferably, a laser cutting head of the present invention further includes a lens distance adjustment component for adjusting the distance l1; the lens distance adjustment component is arranged in the housing. In this example, the lens distance adjustment component can be an electric lifting device, or a similar electric push rod with relative movement, so as to drive the convex lens 2433 to move up and down relative to the apertured concave lens 332;

[0057] More preferably, in order to more reliably and accurately adjust the spacing l1, and at the same time to make the structure more compact and the assembly process more excellent, such as Figure 2 , 3 As shown, the mirror distance adjustment assembly 24 includes a guide rod 241, a screw rod 242, a liftable mirror seat 243, a prime mover, and a transmission assembly, wherein:

[0058] A mounting through hole is provided at the center of the liftable mirror seat 243, in which a convex lens 2433 is mounted and clamped; the two ends of the liftable mirror seat 243 respectively pass through the guide rod 241 and the screw rod 242 movably; the guide rod 241 and the screw rod 242 are arranged vertically and parallel, and respectively form a moving pair and a threaded transmission pair with the liftable mirror seat 243; the guide rod 241 is fixed to the housing, and the two ends of the screw rod 242 are circumferentially movably arranged in the housing through deep groove ball bearings 245; the prime mover drives the screw rod 242 to rotate via the transmission assembly, so that the liftable mirror seat 243 moves up and down along the guide rod 241, thereby realizing the adjustment of the spacing l1; in this example, more specifically, the prime mover is selected from motor I 244; the transmission assembly includes gear I 246 and gear II 247; gear I 246 is connected to the output shaft of motor I 244 in power, and gear II 247 is connected to the screw rod 242 in power;

[0059] In order to facilitate the replacement of the convex lens 2433 and improve the guiding accuracy of the guide rod 241 and the transmission accuracy of the screw rod 242, in this example, more specifically, as Figure 4 As shown, the liftable mirror seat 243 is a split structure, including an upper mirror seat 2431, a lower mirror seat 2434 and a pillar 2432, wherein: a convex lens 2433 is embedded between the upper mirror seat 2431 and the lower mirror seat 2434; the upper mirror seat 2431 and the lower mirror seat 2434 are fastened into a whole by screws I2435, and the convex lens 2433 is confined in the liftable mirror seat 243; a pair of pillars 2432 are installed on both sides of the liftable mirror seat 243 by screws; the guide rod 241 and the screw rod 242 pass through the pillars 2432 respectively. Specific embodiment four:

[0061] There is diversity in the rock lithology and its physical and mechanical properties in the excavation rock strata. In order to meet the needs of efficient cutting in different rock strata, on the basis of specific embodiment three, it is necessary to further adjust the geometric size parameters (such as the size of the aperture d4) of the perforated concave lens 332 and the perforated convex lens 333), and adjust the spacing l4, and even need to add or remove the perforated concave lens 332 and the perforated convex lens 333 in the beam propagation path to adjust the power density distribution characteristics of the laser beam output by a laser cutting head of the present invention. For this reason, as a preferred embodiment, a laser cutting head of the present invention also includes the following: Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 The lens group rotation assembly 33 shown; the lens group rotation assembly 33 includes a turntable assembly 331 and a turntable driving member;

[0062] The turntable assembly 331 has no less than two layers of coaxial turntables; each layer of turntables is provided with the same number of rotation positions, and the rotation positions of the turntable located on the upper layer correspond to the rotation positions of the turntable located on the lower layer and are coaxial; the rotation positions are arranged circumferentially symmetrically about the central axis of the turntable assembly 331, and a lens mounting through hole is opened in the center of the rotation positions; the perforated concave lenses 332 with different geometric size parameters are clamped on the lens mounting through holes of the rotation positions of the uppermost turntable; correspondingly, the perforated convex lenses 333 with different geometric size parameters are clamped on the rotation positions of the lower turntable; the optical lens group may not be installed on the rotation positions according to actual needs, so as to adjust the spacing l4 and to achieve the purpose of adding or removing the perforated concave lenses 332 and the perforated convex lenses 333 in the beam propagation path; the turntable drive drives the turntable assembly 331 to rotate a certain angle relative to the shell, so that a group of rotation positions are coaxial with the convex lens 2433, thereby forming a new set of laser beam propagation paths.

[0063] In order to facilitate understanding of the regulating effect of the turntable assembly 331 on the power density distribution characteristics of the laser beam output by a laser cutting head of the present invention, it is assumed that the turntable assembly 331 has three layers of turntables (not shown); each layer of the turntable has five positions; and it is assumed that the turntable assembly 331 has the following arrangement schemes of the optical lens groups:

[0064] Group 1: The optical lens group installed on the turntable from top to bottom is: an aperture concave lens 332 with an aperture d4 of 1.4 mm, an aperture convex lens 333 and no lens;

[0065] Group 2: The optical lens group installed from top to bottom is: an aperture concave lens 332 with an aperture d4 of 2.0 mm, an aperture convex lens 333 and no lens;

[0066] Group 3: The optical lens group installed from top to bottom is: an aperture concave lens 332 with an aperture d4 of 2.0 mm, a lensless lens and an aperture convex lens 333;

[0067] Group 4: The optical lens group installed from top to bottom is: an open hole concave lens 332 with an aperture d4 of 2.0 mm, no lens and no lens;

[0068] Group 5: The optical lens groups installed from top to bottom are: no lens, no lens and no lens.

[0069] By switching from group 1 to group 2, the aperture d4 can be adjusted; by switching from group 2 to group 3, the spacing l4 can be adjusted. Fig.23 Adjustment of the middle beam diameter d3; from group 3 to group 4, it switches to Fig.19 The beam propagation path shown on the right; from group 4 to group 5, switching to Fig.19 The beam propagation path shown on the left produces conventional laser light.

[0070] In this case, more specifically, Figure 5 As shown, the turntable assembly 331 includes two layers of turntables, an upper turntable 3311 and a lower turntable 3312; the upper turntable 3311 and the lower turntable 3312 are fastened into a whole by studs 3313 and screws II 3314; each layer of the turntable has three rotation positions; the turntable drive member uses motor II 23; the output shaft of motor II 23 is connected to the turntable assembly 331 through a rotating connecting sleeve 334. Specific embodiment five:

[0072] In order to protect the components inside the laser cutting head housing of the present invention from external damage such as rock ballast, mud and water, and to make the structure more compact, as a preferred embodiment, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a laser cutting head of the present invention further includes an opening and closing chamber 4 and a gas delivery component 5; the opening and closing chamber 4 is fixedly arranged at the laser beam emitting end at the lower part of the shell; a pneumatic opening and closing component is arranged in the opening and closing chamber 4; the gas delivery component 5 includes a gas delivery pipe 51; the gas delivery pipe 51 is provided with a chamber gas delivery branch pipe 52; when working, the chamber gas delivery branch pipe 52 is used to input pressurized gas into the pneumatic opening and closing component to open the opening and closing chamber 4, thereby establishing a channel for the laser beam to be emitted, as shown in FIG. Fig.17 When not in operation (in the initial state), the opening and closing chamber 4 returns to the closed state to prevent damage from the outside, such as Fig.18 shown.

[0073] like Fig.12 and Fig.13As shown, it is a more specific embodiment of the opening and closing chamber 4. The opening and closing chamber 4 has three compartments: upper, middle and lower; each compartment begins to have a light hole 45 coaxial with the optical lens group; the pneumatic opening and closing assembly includes an opening and closing member 41, an elastic element 42, a connecting member 43, and a pneumatic member 44, wherein: the opening and closing member 41 is movably clamped in the opening and closing chamber 4, more specifically in the moving slide groove of the upper compartment; an elastic element 42 is arranged between the opening and closing member 41 and the opening and closing chamber 4; in the initial state, under the action of the elastic element 42, the opening and closing member 41 is pressed against the end wall on one side of the moving slide groove, and at this time, the opening and closing member 41 blocks the light hole 45 on the middle compartment, so that the opening and closing chamber 4 is in a closed state, as shown in FIG. Fig.18 As shown; the pneumatic member 44 is connected to the opening and closing member 41 by the connecting member 43; the pneumatic member 44 is airtightly and movably clamped in the chamber; when working, Fig.17 As shown, the pressurized gas enters the chamber through the chamber gas delivery branch pipe 52 and the chamber gas inlet 46, thereby pushing the pneumatic member 44 to move, and finally opening the light hole 45 on the middle partition layer to establish a channel for the laser beam to be emitted, as shown in FIG. Fig.17 In the initial state, under the restoring force of the elastic element 42, the opening and closing member 41 moves again to close the opening and closing chamber 4 again. In addition, the pneumatic member 44 can also adopt a pneumatic push rod. Specific embodiment six:

[0075] In order to timely blow out the lava produced during laser irradiation and protect the optical lens group, it is preferred that Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a laser cutting head of the present invention further includes a purge nozzle 6; the purge nozzle 6 is fixedly arranged at the laser beam emission end of the housing and is located at the side closest to the rock surface; a nozzle gas delivery branch pipe 53 is arranged on the gas delivery pipe 51; when working, the nozzle gas delivery branch pipe 53 is used to input pressurized gas into the purge nozzle 6 for purging the lava;

[0076] like Figures 14 to 16 As shown, it is a more specific embodiment of the purge nozzle 6. In order to facilitate manufacturing and assembly, the purge nozzle 6 includes a nozzle outer ring sleeve 61 and a nozzle inner sleeve 62; the nozzle outer ring sleeve 61 and the nozzle inner sleeve 62 are fastened by pipe threads; a cavity is enclosed between the nozzle outer ring sleeve 61 and the nozzle inner sleeve 62; the nozzle gas supply branch pipe 53 is connected to the cavity via a nozzle air inlet 63 opened on the purge nozzle 6; a gas outlet channel (for example, a slit, a hole, or a gap) is provided on the side of the cavity close to the rock surface. More specifically, in this example, Fig.15 and 17 As shown, the gas outlet channel is an annular slit; when working, the nozzle gas delivery branch pipe 53 delivers pressurized gas from the nozzle air inlet 63 into the cavity, and finally ejects it at high speed from the gas outlet channel.

[0077] More specifically, in this example, Fig.12 As shown, the purge airflow ejected from the gas outlet channel will form an inward-facing figure-eight-shaped wind curtain wall; therefore, the problem of "the existing one-way side-blowing method easily blows the lava to the rolling and rock-breaking path of the adjacent roller cutter, thereby causing serious abrasive wear failure behavior of the roller cutter ring" is avoided.

[0078] Of course, if Fig. 27 As shown, a purge nozzle 6 can also be additionally configured on the side of a laser cutting head of the present invention, and the lava can be purged by a one-way side purge method. Different from this existing solution, the present invention integrates the purge nozzle 6, so there is no need to set up an additional nozzle protection device, so the implementation cost is low, the structure is compact, and the protection reliability is high; at the same time, the purge nozzle 6 is as close to the laser beam exit end as possible, so that the purge nozzle 6 is as close as possible to the circular light spot generated by the laser core area, so the pressure drop loss of the pressure gas is small, and the purge efficiency is higher. Specific embodiment seven:

[0080] In order to facilitate manufacturing, installation and maintenance, as a preferred embodiment, the housing of a laser cutting head of the present invention adopts a split structure; the housing comprises an upper housing component 2 and a lower housing component 3; the upper housing component 2 is mainly used to accommodate most of the lens distance adjustment component 24, such as Figure 3 The transmission assembly is arranged in the lower housing assembly 3, including an upper front housing 21 and an upper rear housing 22; the upper front housing 21 and the upper rear housing 22 are fastened into a whole by fastening screws; the lower housing assembly is fixed to the lower part of the upper housing assembly; the lower housing assembly 3 is mainly used to accommodate most of the lens group rotation assembly 33, such as Figure 3 The turntable driving member is arranged on the upper housing assembly 2, including a cover shell 31 and a side support plate 32; the cover shell 31 and the side support plate 32 are fastened into a whole by screws. Specific embodiment eight:

[0082] It is worthwhile to explain that the shell of a laser cutting head of the present invention is provided by Figure 1 The mounting plate 1 shown is fastened to the three-axis walking mechanism (also called moving beam) of the main machine part of the conventional laser cutting machine by means of screws (unnumbered), thereby forming a novel distributed laser cutting machine for cutting and crushing rocks using a laser cutting head of the present invention. Specific embodiment nine:

[0084] A laser cutting head of the present invention can also be used as follows Figure 1 The mounting plate 1 is installed in the cutting part of cutting equipment such as TBM, anchor mining machine, drilling machine, open-pit mining machine, etc. Fig.24As shown in FIG. 1 , it is a schematic diagram of the effect of installing a laser cutting head of the present invention on the cutting part of a TBM, namely, a TBM cutter head (hereinafter referred to as a cutter head), thereby forming a laser-coupled TBM cutter head of the present invention. Fig.25 and Fig.26 As shown, the present invention is a laser-coupled TBM cutterhead, characterized in that it includes a laser cutting head as described in any one of the specific embodiments 1 to 8, a laser cutting machine host 81, a beam transmission cable 82, and a beam transmission slip ring 83; the shell of the laser cutting head is connected by means of Figure 1 The mounting plate 1 is fastened to the cutter head; the laser cutting head is embedded between adjacent hobs; the laser cutting machine host 81 is arranged on the TBM rear supporting device; the stator of the beam transmission slip ring 83 is fixed to the main frame, and the rotor of the beam transmission slip ring 83 is fixed to the cutter head; the laser cutting machine host 81 is used to generate Fig.19 The preliminary focused beam 7 is shown; the preliminary focused beam 7 is successively transmitted to the laser cutting head through the beam transmission cable 82 arranged outside the cutter head, the beam transmission slip ring 83, and the beam transmission cable 82 arranged inside the cutter head. More specifically, the beam transmission slip ring 83 can adopt the MFO107 series photoelectric slip ring; the beam transmission cable 82 is an optical fiber.

[0085] In this example, more specifically, the air compressor main unit is also arranged on the rear part of the TBM; the pressurized gas generated by the air compressor main unit can be transmitted to the laser cutting head through the air pipe 51 arranged outside the cutter disc, the pneumatic slip ring (not marked), and the air pipe 51 arranged inside the cutter disc.

[0086] It is known from relevant test verification and analysis that compared with traditional laser rock breaking and traditional TBM cutter head rock breaking, the laser-coupled TBM cutter head and its laser cutting head involved in the present invention have the following outstanding advantages:

[0087] 1) Distributed laser can be prepared; the energy density distribution law of the core area of ​​the distributed laser is basically the same as that of the straight circular laser, that is, it retains the unique advantage of highly concentrated energy density of traditional lasers and can be used in Fig.24 As shown in the figure, macro-fragmentation morphologies such as laser grooves are quickly prepared in advance between adjacent rollers, providing favorable rock breaking conditions similar to the free surface for subsequent rock breaking of the rollers. Therefore, on the one hand, the cutting load level of the rollers is reduced, and on the other hand, the rock breaking amount is increased; and the outer light beams have different optical properties. After being refracted by the spherical concave lens, the outer light beams, which are parallel to each other, will eventually form an annular light spot with a relatively large irradiation range and a relatively dispersed energy density distribution on the rock surface, and there is a gap between the annular light spot and the core circular light spot. Fig. 27The annular transition heat transfer zone 9 is shown; this undoubtedly greatly improves the heat accumulation phenomenon in the core area and effectively inhibits the large-scale generation of glass glaze; at this time, although the diameter of the circular spot in the core area is reduced, the outline size of the laser cutting groove is increased instead;

[0088] 2) Distributed laser has more heat transfer paths, including: Fig. 27 As shown in FIG. 1 , similar to conventional lasers, the heat of the core laser and the outer laser can be conducted in three directions: vertically (to the deep rock layer), radially (via the transition heat transfer zone 9), to the inner rock layer between the cutter grooves), and laterally (to the shallow surface of the rock). Fig. 27 As shown in the figure, since some rock layers will experience two heat superpositions and the heat absorption of the glass glaze material is suppressed, although the energy density of the outer light beam will be reduced after being refracted by the spherical concave lens, a heat-affected zone with a wider influence range and no significant weakening of the influence degree is obtained;

[0089] 3) By using the mirror distance adjustment component and the turntable component 331, the power density distribution characteristics of the output laser beam can be adjusted, and even the online real-time switching between the distributed laser and the traditional laser can be realized, so that the high-efficiency cutting requirements of different rock formations can be met; taking the adjustment of the object distance as an example, by adjusting the spacing l2 to expand the thermal cracking influence area, the thermal-mechanical coupling rock breaking effect can be fully utilized, thereby promoting the intersection of the lateral cracks of adjacent rollers, improving the optimal cutter spacing (reducing the number of rollers required for the cutter head), and ultimately greatly improving the rock breaking efficiency of the roller cutter;

[0090] 4) An apertured convex lens 333 is arranged behind the apertured concave lens 332, which can transform the conical refracted light beam into a cylindrical parallel light beam, thereby eliminating the influence of the fluctuation of the rock surface height on the power density distribution characteristics of the annular light spot, thereby ensuring the stability of the laser rock breaking performance;

[0091] 5) The pneumatically driven opening and closing chamber 4 is used to protect the components inside the laser cutting head housing from external damage such as rock ballast, mud and water, while making the structure more compact;

[0092] 6) Using the purge nozzle 6 to timely purge the lava generated during laser irradiation, so as to inhibit the formation of glass glaze by physical means and reliably protect the optical lens group;

[0093] 7) The split shell structure is adopted, which is easy to manufacture, install and maintain.

[0094] In the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed components and structures can be implemented in other ways. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims rather than the above description, and it is intended to include all changes within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved. In addition, it is obvious that the word "comprising" does not exclude other units or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural.

[0095] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above preferred embodiments, ordinary technicians in this field should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0096] In several specific embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and components can be implemented in other ways. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is limited by the attached claims rather than the above description, so it is intended to include all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims in the present invention. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved. In addition, it is obvious that the word "including" does not exclude other units or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural. Multiple units or devices stated in the system claim can also be implemented by the same unit or device through software or hardware. The words first, second, etc. are used to indicate the name, and do not indicate any specific order.

[0097] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser cutting head, characterized in that: The invention comprises a shell and an optical lens group arranged in the shell; the optical lens group comprises a convex lens and an apertured concave lens arranged at a certain interval l1; a through hole with a diameter of d4 is opened in the center of the apertured concave lens; after the preliminary focused light beam generated by the laser cutting machine host is incident on the convex lens, a laser light beam with a diameter of d1 is generated, d4<d1; after the laser light beam is emitted from the apertured concave lens, a direct laser light beam directly passing through the through hole and a refracted light beam generated by refraction through the solid area of ​​the concave lens are generated.

2. A laser cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a lens distance adjustment component arranged in the shell for adjusting the distance l1.

3. A laser cutting head according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lens distance adjustment assembly includes a guide rod, a screw rod, a movable lens seat, a prime mover, and a transmission assembly. The movable lens seat is used to clamp the convex lens; the guide rod and the screw rod respectively and movably pass through the two ends of the movable lens seat; the guide rod is fixed to the shell, and the screw rod is rotatably arranged in the shell; the prime mover is used to drive the screw rod to rotate, so that the movable lens seat moves along the guide rod.

4. A laser cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical lens assembly further includes an apertured convex lens disposed behind the apertured concave lens; the apertured convex lens is spaced apart from the apertured concave lens by a distance of l4; and a through hole with a diameter of d4 is also formed at the center of the apertured convex lens.

5. A laser cutting head according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a lens group rotation component arranged in the shell; the lens group rotation component includes a turntable component and a turntable driving component, the turntable component has no less than two layers of coaxial turntables; each layer of the turntable is provided with a number of workstations, and the center of the workstation is provided with a lens installation through hole; the open-hole concave lenses of different specifications are clamped on the lens installation through holes of the uppermost turntable workstation; the open-hole convex lenses of different specifications are correspondingly clamped on the lens installation through holes of the lower turntable workstation; the turntable driving component drives the turntable component to rotate a certain angle relative to the shell, so that the open-hole concave lens, the open-hole convex lens and the convex lens are coaxial.

6. A laser cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an opening and closing chamber arranged at the laser beam output end of the shell, wherein a pneumatic opening and closing component is arranged in the opening and closing chamber; when working, the pneumatic opening and closing component uses pressurized gas to open the opening and closing chamber; in the initial state, the opening and closing chamber is in a closed state.

7. A laser cutting head according to claim 6, characterized in that: The opening and closing chamber has three partitions; each partition is provided with a light-through hole coaxial with the optical lens group; the pneumatic opening and closing assembly includes an opening and closing part, an elastic element, a connecting part, and a pneumatic part, and the opening and closing part is movably mounted in the opening and closing chamber; an elastic element is arranged between the opening and closing part and the opening and closing chamber; in an initial state, under the action of the elastic element, the opening and closing part closes the light-through hole; the pneumatic part is dynamically connected to the opening and closing part through the connecting part; the pneumatic part is movably mounted in the chamber; when working, the pressurized gas pushes the pneumatic part to move, thereby opening the light-through hole.

8. The laser cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a purging nozzle for purging slag, and the purging nozzle is fixedly arranged at the laser beam emitting end of the shell.

9. A laser cutting head according to claim 8, characterized in that: The purge nozzle includes an outer nozzle ring sleeve, an inner nozzle sleeve and an air inlet; a cavity is formed between the outer nozzle ring sleeve and the inner nozzle sleeve; the air inlet is arranged at one end of the cavity, the laser beam is emitted through the inner nozzle sleeve, and the cavity is a gas outlet channel.

10. A laser-coupled TBM cutterhead, characterized in that: It includes a laser cutting machine host, a beam transmission cable, a beam transmission slip ring, and also includes a laser cutting head according to any one of claims 1 to 9; the laser cutting head is installed on the cutter disc and is located between adjacent hobs; the laser cutting machine host is arranged on the TBM rear accessory; the stator of the beam transmission slip ring is fixed to the main frame, and the rotor of the beam transmission slip ring is fixed to the cutter disc; the laser cutting machine host is used to generate a preliminary focused beam; the preliminary focused beam is successively transmitted through the beam transmission cable arranged outside the cutter disc, the beam transmission slip ring, and the beam transmission cable arranged inside the cutter disc, and finally transmitted to the laser cutting head through the convex lens.

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