Thermal power plant boiler waste heat recycling equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of waste heat recovery, in particular to thermal power plant boiler waste heat recovery equipment which comprises a tank body, a plurality of heated modules used for recovering boiler smoke waste heat are arranged in the tank body, a preheating tank used for utilizing coal dust waste heat is arranged outside the tank body in a sleeving mode, and a horizontal flue is arranged at the bottom of the tank body and used for conveying boiler smoke into the tank body. The outer side wall of the preheating tank is communicated with a smoke exhaust pipe; by arranging the preheating tank and the heated module in the tank body, working medium water can efficiently absorb waste heat in boiler flue gas in the process of passing through the preheating tank and the heated module, so that the temperature of the working medium water is increased, the high-temperature working medium water is subsequently used for acting of a turbine, energy conversion is achieved, and the utilization rate of the flue gas waste heat is further increased; the cleaning mechanism is arranged, coal dust on the surfaces of the first heated cover and the second heated cover can be automatically removed, and the situation that the heat exchange efficiency of equipment is affected by coal dust accumulation is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of waste heat recovery, and in particular to a waste heat recovery and utilization device for a thermal power plant boiler. Background Art

[0002] The boiler of a thermal power plant releases a large amount of heat energy during the combustion process, which heats the water in the boiling water tube or superheater through the combustion chamber, converting it into steam, which in turn drives the steam turbine to generate mechanical energy and finally converts it into electrical energy. The flue gas emitted by the boiler contains a large amount of heat energy, as well as incompletely burned coal dust and coal slag.

[0003] In the prior art, for example, the patent with publication number CN116147009A provides a thermal power plant boiler exhaust waste heat recovery device, which recovers the heat energy in the flue gas through an S-shaped exhaust pipe and a recovery box. Water is heated in the exhaust pipe, and the heat in the flue gas is effectively absorbed by the air in the recovery box to achieve waste heat recovery. However, the main problem with these devices is that the heat energy recovery is not sufficient, which is specifically manifested in two aspects.

[0004] First, heat recovery is not complete. In the process of using the waste heat of flue gas to heat water, when the water temperature gradually rises and the flue gas temperature drops to the same or similar to the water temperature, the waste heat in the flue gas cannot be further effectively utilized due to its low temperature, resulting in low thermal energy utilization.

[0005] Secondly, the thermal energy of coal dust and coal slag is not effectively recovered. The coal dust and coal slag in the flue gas themselves have a relatively high temperature, but the above-mentioned cleaning mechanism is set before the water is heated, and the thermal energy it carries cannot be effectively recovered.

[0006] Therefore, it is particularly important to improve the existing technology, effectively utilize all the heat energy in the flue gas and the heat energy in the coal dust and coal slag, and realize the cascade utilization and efficient recovery of boiler heat energy. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a waste heat recovery and utilization device for a thermal power plant boiler.

[0008] A thermal power plant boiler waste heat recovery and utilization device comprises a tank body, a plurality of heating modules for recovering boiler smoke waste heat are arranged in the tank body, a preheating tank for utilizing the waste heat of coal dust is arranged outside the tank body, a horizontal flue is arranged at the bottom of the tank body for conveying boiler smoke into the tank body, and a smoke exhaust pipe is connected to the outer wall of the preheating tank.

[0009] The inner and outer layers of the preheating tank are both hollow shell structures, which are respectively cavity one and cavity two. The bottoms of cavity one and cavity two are connected by a transition pipe. The smoke exhaust pipe passes through cavity one and is placed in the preheating tank. The outer wall of the upper end of the tank body is provided with a smoke duct that passes into the tank body, and the smoke duct pipe passes through cavity two to the preheating tank.

[0010] The outer wall of the preheating tank is provided with a water inlet pipe extending to cavity one, the top side wall of the tank is provided with a drainage pipe connected to the heating module, and the drainage pipe runs through cavity two, and a water outlet pipe connected to the heating module is provided at the bottom of the tank.

[0011] A sealing plate is provided on the top of the tank body and the preheating tank.

[0012] Preferably, the heating module comprises a central column, which is rotatably arranged on the central axis of the tank body, and a sealing plate is arranged on the upper end of the central column, and a lower end is rotatably arranged on the bottom of the tank body;

[0013] The central column is composed of an upper section, a middle section and a lower section, wherein the upper section is rotatably arranged on the cover plate, the lower section is rotatably arranged on the bottom of the tank body, multiple middle sections are each provided with a heating component, and adjacent heating components are connected through the middle section.

[0014] Preferably, the upper end and the lower end of the middle section are respectively provided with an upper pipe cavity and a lower pipe cavity, the outer side wall of the upper pipe cavity of the uppermost middle section is rotatably sleeved with a converging ring of a hollow shell structure, the side wall of the upper pipe cavity of the middle section is provided with a drainage hole connected with the converging ring, and one end of the drainage pipe located in the tank body is connected with the converging ring;

[0015] The lower section is set as a hollow shell structure, and a diverter ring is rotatably sleeved on the bottom of the lower section, and a diverter hole is opened at the bottom of the lower section corresponding to the diverter ring. The diverter hole is fixed on the inner wall of the tank body through multiple support rods, and the water outlet pipe is connected to the diverter ring.

[0016] Preferably, the heat receiving component comprises a transition ring 1 and a transition ring 2, both of which are hollow shell structures. The transition ring 1 is rotatably sleeved on the outer side wall of the upper pipe cavity of the middle section, and a transition hole 1 is opened at a position of the outer side wall of the upper pipe cavity corresponding to the transition ring. The transition ring 2 is rotatably sleeved on the outer side wall of the lower pipe cavity of the middle section, and a transition hole 2 is opened at a position of the outer side wall of the lower pipe cavity corresponding to the transition ring 2.

[0017] The outer wall of the transition ring 1 is sleeved with a conical heat-receiving hood 1, which is communicated with the transition ring 1, and the heat-receiving hood 1 and the inner wall of the tank body are connected by a connecting pipe 1. The outer wall of the transition ring 2 is sleeved with a conical heat-receiving hood 2, and the heat-receiving hood 2 and the transition ring 2 are communicated with each other by a connecting pipe 2.

[0018] Preferably, the connecting pipe 1 and the heat hood 1 are in a connected state, the outer edge of the heat hood 2 is provided with a vertical ring that fits against the inner wall of the tank body, and the vertical ring is a hollow shell structure, wherein the vertical ring and the heat hood 2 are in a connected state, and an adapter pipe is connected to a point corresponding to the connecting pipe at the upper end of the vertical ring, and the adapter pipe is in communication with the connecting pipe 1.

[0019] Preferably, a cleaning mechanism for cleaning coal dust on the surface of the first and second heated covers is provided on the middle section, and the cleaning mechanism includes a mounting ring sleeved in the middle part of the middle section, and a plurality of T-shaped rods are circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the mounting ring, and an upper scraper strip and a lower scraper strip are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the T-shaped rods.

[0020] Preferably, the outer side wall of the vertical ring is provided with a plurality of slag discharge openings corresponding to the T-shaped rods one by one, and the inner side wall of the preheating tank is also provided with slag discharge openings corresponding to the slag discharge openings, and the bottom of the slag discharge openings is an inclined surface.

[0021] Preferably, the lower scraper strip is connected to an arc-shaped baffle plate that slides on the inner wall of the vertical ring. When the cleaning mechanism is not used to clean the coal slag, the arc-shaped baffle plate blocks the slag discharge port.

[0022] Preferably, a separation ring is provided in the preheating tank, and the separation ring is located above the uppermost slag discharge port to prevent the smoke from directly entering the preheating tank through the slag discharge port and then being discharged through the smoke exhaust pipe.

[0023] Preferably, the bottom of the preheating tank is configured as a detachable structure to facilitate subsequent cleaning of the coal slag in the preheating tank.

[0024] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0025] 1. The present invention provides a preheating tank and a heating module inside the tank body. The working water can efficiently absorb the waste heat in the boiler flue gas when passing through the preheating tank and the heating module, thereby increasing the temperature of the working water. This part of high-temperature working water is subsequently used for turbine work to achieve energy conversion, further improving the utilization rate of the flue gas waste heat.

[0026] Second, the present invention is provided with a cleaning mechanism, which can automatically remove the coal dust on the surface of the first and second heating covers, so as to prevent the accumulation of coal dust from affecting the heat exchange efficiency of the equipment. This not only improves the stability and reliability of the equipment operation, but also reduces the cost of manual cleaning, and ensures the long-term and efficient operation of the system.

[0027] 3. The bottom of the preheating tank of the present invention is designed to be a detachable structure, which is convenient for cleaning the coal slag accumulated inside; at the same time, automatic cleaning is achieved through a cleaning mechanism driven by a motor, which reduces the complexity and frequency of manual operations and improves the maintenance convenience and service life of the equipment.

[0028] 4. After being preheated in the preheating tank, the working fluid water enters the tank body for waste heat exchange. The heated high-temperature working fluid water returns to the turbine to generate mechanical energy, which further drives the generator to generate electricity, forming a closed power circulation system and improving the economic benefits of the overall system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure between the tank body and the preheating tank of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure between the tank body and the heating module of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a planar cross-sectional view of the tank body and the heating module of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0034] Figure 5 This is a planar cross-sectional view of the tank body and the heating module of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0035] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure between the water outlet pipe, the diverter ring and the lower section of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure between the cleaning mechanism, the heating component and the middle section of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the cleaning mechanism of the present invention.

[0038] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the middle section of the present invention.

[0039] In the figure, 1, tank body; 2, heating module; 3, preheating tank; 11, horizontal flue; 35, exhaust pipe; 31, cavity 1; 32, cavity 2; 33, transition pipe; 34, water inlet pipe; 13, drainage pipe; 14, water outlet pipe; 15, smoke duct; 4, cover plate; 21, center column; 211, upper section; 212, middle section; 213, lower section; 214, upper pipe cavity; 215, lower pipe cavity; 22, converging ring; 23, diverter ring; 24, transition ring 1; 25, transition ring 2; 26, heat hood 1; 261, connecting pipe 1; 27, heat hood 2; 271, connecting pipe 2; 28, vertical ring; 281, adapter pipe; 5, cleaning mechanism; 51, mounting ring; 52, T-bar; 53, upper scraper; 54, lower scraper; 55, slag discharge port; 56, arc baffle; 36, separation ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following is combined with Figure 1-Figure 9 Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.

[0041] Embodiment 1:

[0042] Reference Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a thermal power plant boiler waste heat recovery and utilization device includes a tank body 1, a plurality of heating modules 2 for recovering boiler smoke waste heat are arranged inside the tank body 1, a preheating tank 3 for utilizing the waste heat of coal dust is arranged outside the tank body 1, a horizontal flue 11 is arranged at the bottom of the tank body 1 for conveying the boiler smoke into the tank body 1, and a smoke exhaust pipe 35 is connected to the outer wall of the preheating tank 3.

[0043] The inner and outer layers of the preheating tank 3 are both set as hollow shell structures, which are respectively set as cavity one 31 and cavity two 32. The bottoms of cavity one 31 and cavity two 32 are connected by a transition pipe 33. The smoke exhaust pipe 35 passes through cavity one 31 and is placed in the preheating tank 3. The outer wall of the upper end of the tank body 1 is provided with a smoke duct 15 that passes through the tank body 1, and the smoke duct 15 passes through cavity two 32 to the preheating tank 3.

[0044] The outer wall of the preheating tank 3 is provided with a water inlet pipe 34 extending to the cavity 1 31, the top side wall of the tank body 1 is provided with a drainage pipe 13 connected to the heating module 2, and the drainage pipe 13 passes through the cavity 2 32, and a water outlet pipe 14 connected to the heating module 2 is provided at the bottom of the tank body 1.

[0045] A sealing plate 4 is provided on the top of the tank body 1 and the preheating tank 3 .

[0046] In the present invention, the boiler flue gas enters the tank body 1 through the horizontal flue 11, and then heats the heating module 2. At the same time, the working medium water enters the cavity 1 31 through the water inlet pipe 34, and then enters the transition pipe 33 and enters the cavity 2 32, and then passes into the heating module 2 through the drainage pipe 13. Through the joint action of the heating module 2 and the flue gas, the heat energy of the waste heat in the flue gas is transferred to the working medium water, so that the working medium water changes from a low temperature to a high temperature state, and finally is discharged through the water outlet pipe 14. The discharged high-temperature working medium water passes through the turbine to do work, generates mechanical energy, and then drives the generator to generate electricity, so as to realize the recovery of boiler waste heat. The working medium water after the turbine does work is condensed by the distillation cooling subsystem to become a solution that meets the requirements, and then the solution is used as the working medium and enters the preheating tank 3 through the water inlet pipe 34 again as the working medium water, and then passes through the heating module 2 in the tank body 1 for heating. The heated high-temperature working medium water again performs turbine work, thus completing a complete cycle.

[0047] See also Figures 3 to 6 as well as Fig. 9The heating module 2 includes a central column 21, which is rotatably disposed on the central axis of the tank body 1, and a sealing plate 4 is disposed on the upper end of the central column 21, and a lower end of the central column 21 is rotatably disposed on the bottom of the tank body 1.

[0048] The center column 21 consists of an upper section 211, a middle section 212 and a lower section 213, wherein the upper section 211 is rotatably set on the cover plate 4, and the lower section 213 is rotatably set on the bottom of the tank body 1. Multiple middle sections 212 are each provided with a heating component, and adjacent heating components are connected through the middle section 212.

[0049] An upper pipe cavity 214 and a lower pipe cavity 215 are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the middle section 212. A converging ring 22 of a hollow shell structure is rotatably sleeved on the outer side wall of the upper pipe cavity 214 of the uppermost middle section 212. A drainage hole connected to the converging ring 22 is provided on the side wall of the upper pipe cavity 214 of the middle section 212. One end of the drainage tube 13 located in the tank body 1 is connected to the converging ring 22.

[0050] During the implementation process, the preheated working medium water in the cavity 2 32 will enter the junction ring 22 through the drainage pipe 13, and then smoothly enter the upper pipe cavity 214 of the middle section 212 through the drainage hole. Then, with the cooperation of multiple middle sections 212 and the heating components, the working medium water is heated. After heating, the working medium water will enter the lower section 213 through the lower pipe cavity 215 of the lowest middle section 212.

[0051] The lower section 213 is set as a hollow shell structure, and a diverter ring 23 is rotatably sleeved on the bottom of the lower section 213, and a diverter hole is opened at the bottom of the lower section 213 corresponding to the diverter ring 23. The diverter hole is fixed on the inner wall of the tank body 1 through multiple support rods, and the water outlet pipe 14 is connected to the diverter ring 23.

[0052] During the implementation process, the heated working medium water enters the lower section 213 , then enters the diverter ring 23 through the diverter hole, and finally is discharged through the water outlet pipe 14 .

[0053] The heat receiving component includes a transition ring 1 24 and a transition ring 25, both of which are hollow shell structures. The transition ring 1 24 is rotatably sleeved on the outer side wall of the upper pipe cavity 214 of the middle section 212, and a transition hole 1 is opened on the outer side wall of the upper pipe cavity 214 corresponding to the transition ring 1 24. The transition ring 25 is rotatably sleeved on the outer side wall of the lower pipe cavity 215 of the middle section 212, and a transition hole 2 is opened on the outer side wall of the lower pipe cavity 215 corresponding to the transition ring 25. A conical heat receiving cover 1 26 is sleeved on the outer side wall of the transition ring 1 24, and the heat receiving cover 1 26 is connected to the transition ring 1 24, and the heat receiving cover 1 26 and the inner side wall of the tank body 1 are connected by a connecting pipe 1 261. A conical heat receiving cover 27 is sleeved on the outer side wall of the transition ring 25, and the heat receiving cover 27 and the transition ring 25 are connected by a connecting pipe 271.

[0054] It should be noted that the connecting pipe 261 and the heat receiving cover 26 are in a communicating state.

[0055] A vertical ring 28 is provided on the outer edge of the heat hood 27 and is attached to the inner wall of the tank body 1. The vertical ring 28 is a hollow shell structure, wherein the vertical ring 28 is connected to the heat hood 27. An adapter pipe 281 is connected to the connecting pipe 1 261 at the upper end of the vertical ring 28, and the adapter pipe 281 is connected to the connecting pipe 1 261.

[0056] After the working medium water enters the upper pipe cavity 214, it enters the transition ring 24 through the transition hole 1, then enters the heat cover 26, enters the vertical ring 28 through the connecting pipe 1 261 and the adapter pipe 281, then enters the heat cover 2 27, and finally enters the lower pipe cavity 215 of the middle section 212 through the connecting pipe 2 271 and the transition ring 25, and then flows into the upper pipe cavity 214 of another middle section 212 connected to the lower end of the middle section 212, so that multiple heated components can be heated continuously, ensuring full utilization of the waste heat of the flue gas.

[0057] Embodiment 2:

[0058] See also Figures 5 to 8 On the basis of the first embodiment, a cleaning mechanism 5 for cleaning the coal dust on the surface of the heating cover 1 26 and the heating cover 27 is provided on the middle section 212. Specifically, the cleaning mechanism 5 includes a mounting ring 51 sleeved in the middle of the middle section 212, and a plurality of T-shaped rods 52 are circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the mounting ring 51. An upper scraping bar 53 and a lower scraping bar 54 are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the T-shaped rod 52. The upper scraping bar 53 is used to clean the coal slag on the lower surface of the heating cover 1 26, and the lower scraping bar 54 is used to clean the coal slag on the upper surface of the heating cover 27.

[0059] The outer wall of the vertical ring 28 is provided with a plurality of slag discharge ports 55 corresponding to the T-shaped rods 52 one by one, and the inner wall of the preheating tank 3 is also provided with slag discharge ports 55 corresponding to the slag discharge ports 55, and the bottom of the slag discharge ports 55 is an inclined surface, which is convenient for the coal slag to be discharged into the preheating tank 3. The coal slag entering the preheating tank 3 can preheat the working water in the cavity 1 31 and the cavity 2 32, thereby making full use of the waste heat of the coal slag.

[0060] At the same time, the bottom of the preheating tank 3 is set as a detachable structure to facilitate the subsequent cleaning of the coal slag in the preheating tank 3.

[0061] In order to prevent the flue gas from directly entering the preheating tank 3 through the slag discharge port 55 and ensure that the flue gas can flow from bottom to top along the tank body 1, in this embodiment, an arc-shaped baffle 56 sliding on the inner wall of the vertical ring 28 is connected to the lower scraper bar 54. When the cleaning mechanism 5 is not used to clean the coal slag, the arc-shaped baffle 56 blocks the slag discharge port 55.

[0062] A motor (not shown in the figure) is installed on the top of the cover plate 4, and the output end of the motor is connected to the center column 21. Therefore, when cleaning is needed, the motor is started to drive the center column 21 to rotate. When the center column 21 rotates, it will drive the T-bar 52 to rotate synchronously through the mounting ring 51, and then drive the upper scraper bar 53, the lower scraper bar 54 and the arc baffle 56 to move synchronously. The arc baffle 56 no longer blocks the slag discharge port 55. The upper scraper bar 53 and the lower scraper bar 54 will push the coal slag on the surface of the heated cover 1 26 and the heated cover 2 27 to the slag discharge port 55, and then enter the preheating tank 3. After cleaning is completed, the arc baffle 56 will block the slag discharge port 55 again.

[0063] A partition ring 36 is provided in the preheating tank 3, and is located above the uppermost slag discharge port 55, to prevent the flue gas from directly entering the preheating tank 3 through the slag discharge port 55 and then being discharged through the exhaust pipe 35, thereby failing to fully utilize the residual heat of the flue gas.

[0064] The implementation principle steps of the present invention are as follows:

[0065] Step 1: First, the flue gas generated by the boiler enters the tank body 1 through the horizontal flue 11, and at the same time the working water is introduced into the cavity 1 31 of the preheating tank 3, and reaches the cavity 2 32 through the transition pipe 33. The working water is preliminarily preheated in the preheating tank 3, and then enters the heating module 2 in the tank body 1 through the drainage pipe 13.

[0066] Step 2: After multi-stage heating treatment by multiple heating components of the heating module 2, the working medium water is discharged through the diverter ring 23 of the lower section 213 and the water outlet pipe 14.

[0067] Step 3: The heated working medium water leaves the tank body 1 through the outlet pipe 14, and is converted into mechanical energy by the turbine. The working medium water after the turbine works returns to a low-temperature state due to cooling, and needs to be cooled by the condensation system, and then re-added to the preheating tank 3 as a working medium to continue its circulation.

[0068] Step 4: In order to ensure the efficient operation of the equipment, it is necessary to regularly clean the coal dust on the surface of the heating cover 1 26 and the heating cover 2 27 to prevent the heat exchange effect from being reduced. The coal dust on the surface of the heating cover 1 26 and the heating cover 2 27 is cleaned by the cleaning mechanism 5 and pushed into the preheating tank 3 as a source of energy for preheating the working medium water in the cavity 1 31 and the cavity 2 32.

[0069] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered as exemplary and non-restrictive in all respects.

[0070] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A thermal power plant boiler waste heat recovery and utilization device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a tank body (1), a plurality of heating modules (2) for recovering waste heat of boiler smoke are arranged inside the tank body (1), a preheating tank (3) for utilizing waste heat of coal dust is arranged outside the tank body (1), a horizontal flue (11) is arranged at the bottom of the tank body (1) for conveying boiler smoke into the tank body (1), and a smoke exhaust pipe (35) is connected to the outer wall of the preheating tank (3); The inner and outer layers of the preheating tank (3) are both configured as hollow shell structures, which are respectively configured as cavity one (31) and cavity two (32); the bottoms of cavity one (31) and cavity two (32) are connected via a transition pipe (33); a smoke exhaust pipe (35) is arranged through cavity one (31) and is placed in the preheating tank (3); a smoke introduction pipe (15) is arranged on the outer side wall of the upper end of the tank body (1) and is arranged to penetrate into the tank body (1); and the smoke introduction pipe (15) penetrates cavity two (32) to the preheating tank (3); The outer wall of the preheating tank (3) is provided with a water inlet pipe (34) extending to the first cavity (31); the top side wall of the tank body (1) is provided with a drainage pipe (13) connected to the heating module (2); the drainage pipe (13) passes through the second cavity (32); and the bottom of the tank body (1) is provided with a water outlet pipe (14) connected to the heating module (2); A sealing plate (4) is provided on the top of the tank body (1) and the preheating tank (3).

2. The waste heat recovery equipment for a thermal power plant boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating module (2) comprises a central column (21), the central column (21) is rotatably arranged on the central axis of the tank body (1), and a sealing plate (4) is arranged on the upper end of the central column (21), and a lower end is rotatably arranged on the bottom of the tank body (1); The central column (21) is composed of an upper section (211), a middle section (212) and a lower section (213), wherein the upper section (211) is rotatably arranged on the cover plate (4), and the lower section (213) is rotatably arranged on the bottom of the tank body (1), and a plurality of middle sections (212) are each provided with a heating component, and adjacent heating components are connected via the middle sections (212).

3. The waste heat recovery equipment for boilers in thermal power plants according to claim 2, characterized in that: An upper pipe cavity (214) and a lower pipe cavity (215) are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the middle section (212); a converging ring (22) of a hollow shell structure is rotatably sleeved on the outer side wall of the upper pipe cavity (214) of the uppermost middle section (212); a drainage hole communicating with the converging ring (22) is provided on the side wall of the upper pipe cavity (214) of the middle section (212); and one end of the drainage pipe (13) located in the tank body (1) is communicated with the converging ring (22); The lower section (213) is provided with a hollow shell structure, and a diverter ring (23) is rotatably sleeved on the bottom of the lower section (213), and a diverter hole is provided at the bottom of the lower section (213) corresponding to the diverter ring (23), the diverter hole is fixed to the inner wall of the tank body (1) through a plurality of support rods, and the water outlet pipe (14) is connected to the diverter ring (23).

4. The waste heat recovery equipment for boilers in thermal power plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat receiving component comprises a transition ring 1 (24) and a transition ring 2 (25), both of which are hollow shell structures; the transition ring 1 (24) is rotatably sleeved on the outer side wall of the upper pipe cavity (214) of the middle section (212), and a transition hole 1 is opened on the outer side wall of the upper pipe cavity (214) corresponding to the transition ring 1 (24); the transition ring 2 (25) is rotatably sleeved on the outer side wall of the lower pipe cavity (215) of the middle section (212), and a transition hole 2 is opened on the outer side wall of the lower pipe cavity (215) corresponding to the transition ring 2 (25); The outer wall of the transition ring 1 (24) is sleeved with a conical heat-receiving cover 1 (26), the heat-receiving cover 1 (26) is in communication with the transition ring 1 (24), and the heat-receiving cover 1 (26) and the inner wall of the tank body (1) are connected via a connecting pipe 1 (261), and the outer wall of the transition ring 2 (25) is sleeved with a conical heat-receiving cover 2 (27), the heat-receiving cover 2 (27) and the transition ring 2 (25) are in communication via a connecting pipe 2 (271).

5. The waste heat recovery equipment for boilers in thermal power plants according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connecting pipe 1 (261) and the heat receiving cover 1 (26) are in a communicating state, and the outer edge of the heat receiving cover 2 (27) is provided with a vertical ring (28) which is in contact with the inner wall of the tank body (1), and the vertical ring (28) is a hollow shell structure, wherein the vertical ring (28) and the heat receiving cover 2 (27) are in a communicating state, and an adapter pipe (281) is connected to the upper end of the vertical ring (28) corresponding to the connecting pipe 1 (261), and the adapter pipe (281) is in communication with the connecting pipe 1 (261).

6. The waste heat recovery equipment for boilers in thermal power plants according to claim 4, characterized in that: A cleaning mechanism (5) for cleaning coal dust on the surface of the first heated cover (26) and the second heated cover (27) is arranged on the middle section (212), and the cleaning mechanism (5) comprises a mounting ring (51) sleeved in the middle of the middle section (212), a plurality of T-shaped rods (52) are arranged in the circumferential direction of the outer wall of the mounting ring (51), and an upper scraping strip (53) and a lower scraping strip (54) are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the T-shaped rods (52).

7. The waste heat recovery equipment for boilers in thermal power plants according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer wall of the vertical ring (28) is provided with a plurality of slag discharge ports (55) corresponding to the T-shaped rods (52) one by one, and the inner wall of the preheating tank (3) is also provided with slag discharge ports (55) corresponding to the slag discharge ports (55), and the bottom of the slag discharge ports (55) is an inclined surface.

8. The waste heat recovery equipment for boilers in thermal power plants according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lower scraper strip (54) is connected to an arc-shaped baffle (56) that slides on the inner wall of the vertical ring (28). When the cleaning mechanism (5) is not used to clean the coal slag, the arc-shaped baffle (56) blocks the slag discharge port (55).

9. The waste heat recovery equipment for boilers in thermal power plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: A separation ring (36) is provided in the preheating tank (3), and the separation ring (36) is located above the uppermost slag discharge port (55) to prevent smoke from directly entering the preheating tank (3) through the slag discharge port (55) and then being discharged through the smoke exhaust pipe (35).

10. The waste heat recovery equipment for boilers in thermal power plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the preheating tank (3) is configured as a detachable structure, so as to facilitate the subsequent cleaning of the coal slag in the preheating tank (3).

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