Step phase change module for building ventilation and use method

Abstract

The invention discloses a cascade phase change module for building ventilation and a use method, belongs to the technical field of heat storage and transfer enhancement and building energy conservation, and aims at improving the ventilation efficiency of natural ventilation of a building and solving the technical problems that hot buoyancy ventilation is hot in summer and cold in winter and is limited in cold regions. According to the solution, the module comprises a multi-air-channel structure composed of an air valve, a stepped phase change filling component, a heat absorption layer and a heat preservation material component, the stepped phase change filling component is used for strengthening the heat storage and transfer performance, and the multi-air-channel structure adjusts the operation mode through the air valve. According to the cascade phase change module for building ventilation, the operation mode can be adjusted through the air valve according to indoor requirements, natural ventilation and heat supply of a building are achieved, and building energy consumption is reduced; meanwhile, the expansion fins and the cascade phase change heat storage structure can strengthen heat storage and transfer, and heat storage and release efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of enhanced heat exchange and building energy conservation, and specifically relates to a stepped phase change module for building ventilation and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] "Green building" has gradually become an important trend in the development of the construction field. Green building technology can apply renewable energy to buildings and is an important measure to achieve building energy conservation. Thermal buoyancy ventilation is an important form of natural ventilation. It uses the thermal pressure difference between the air in the building and the outdoor environment to enhance the natural ventilation of the building. It has low cost and low carbon emissions, and helps to create a more comfortable and reasonable building environment with obvious energy-saving effects.

[0003] In practice, the thermal buoyancy ventilation methods commonly used in buildings mainly include chimneys, ventilation towers, patios and atriums. When the indoor temperature is higher than the outdoor temperature, the pressure in the upper part of the building is high and the pressure in the lower part is low. The indoor air enters through the lower openings and flows out from the upper part to achieve natural ventilation. However, these structures have the following shortcomings: When the indoor temperature is lower than the outdoor temperature (such as cloudy days, nights, etc.), the indoor airflow is in the opposite direction. Similarly, for hot summers and cold winters and cold regions, the above ventilation forms cannot meet the indoor comfort needs throughout the year and have many restrictions on use; People try to use phase change materials to store heat to extend the time of hot pressure ventilation, but the thermal conductivity of phase change materials is poor, which often results in long heat storage / release time, uneven and insufficient melting of phase change materials, and finally uneven heating of air in the air duct, affecting ventilation efficiency. (3) Chimneys, ventilation towers, atriums and other ventilation forms together with walls constitute part of the building envelope structure. These structural forms need to be considered and implemented from the design stage of the building, which undoubtedly complicates the building design and construction and is not conducive to the energy-saving transformation of existing buildings. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, improve the ventilation efficiency of buildings in natural ventilation, simplify the passive ventilation structure of buildings, and solve the technical problem that thermal buoyancy ventilation is limited in hot summer and cold winter and in cold areas, the present invention provides a stepped phase change module for building ventilation and a method of use. The module can realize building ventilation and heating according to outdoor climate conditions by adjusting the operating mode using air valves, thereby reducing building energy consumption; more importantly, by filling phase change materials in extended fin-type components, the heat transfer of phase change materials on temperature gradients can be enhanced, the energy storage efficiency can be improved, and the indoor heat and humidity environment can be improved.

[0005] The present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a stepped phase change module for building ventilation, which includes an upper air valve, a lower air valve, a transparent cover plate, a heat absorption layer and a heat insulation material component, the upper air valve includes an outer upper air valve, a middle upper air valve and an inner upper air valve, the lower air valve includes an outer lower air valve, a middle lower air valve and an inner lower air valve, wherein: The transparent cover is arranged on the side close to the outdoors, and the thermal insulation material component is arranged on the side close to the indoors. The thermal insulation material component can not only maintain the operation of the stepped phase change module, but also can serve as a part of the enclosure structure to ensure the indoor temperature; the outer upper air valve and the outer lower air valve are respectively arranged on the upper and lower parts of the transparent cover, and the inner upper air valve and the inner lower air valve are respectively arranged on the upper and lower parts of the thermal insulation material component; the wall between the transparent cover and the thermal insulation material component is fixedly connected to the stepped phase change filling component through a fixed bracket, and the stepped phase change filling component includes a first-level extended fin type phase change material filling component close to one side of the transparent cover and a second-level extended fin type phase change material filling component close to one side of the thermal insulation material component, and the first-level extended fin type phase change material filling component and the second-level extended fin type phase change material filling component are both provided with extended fins inside, and the extended fins are used to enhance the heat conduction at the phase change material, and the first-level extended fin type phase change material filling component has an inner The first extended fin type phase change material filling component is filled with high melting point phase change material, and the phase change temperature of the high melting point phase change material is 30℃~45℃; the interior of the secondary extended fin type phase change material filling component is filled with low melting point phase change material, and the phase change temperature of the low melting point phase change material is 18℃~25℃; the first extended fin type phase change material filling component and the second extended fin type phase change material filling component are respectively provided with first inner multi-air ducts running longitudinally on the opposite side walls; the first extended fin type phase change material filling component and the second extended fin type phase change material filling component are closely attached to each other or are provided with second inner multi-air ducts; the middle upper air valve and the middle lower air valve are respectively correspondingly arranged at the upper and lower parts of the first extended fin type phase change material filling component; the side walls opposite to the thermal insulation material component of the second extended fin type phase change material filling component are closely attached to each other or are provided with inner air ducts; the heat absorption layer is arranged on the outer side wall of the first extended fin type phase change material filling component, and an outer air duct is formed between the transparent cover plate and the heat absorption layer.

[0006] Furthermore, the extended fins are in the form of straight ribs, annular ribs or spiral ribs, and the extended fins are arranged in a sequential arrangement or a staggered arrangement. The number, form and arrangement of the extended fins are determined according to the heat transfer characteristics of the phase change material.

[0007] Furthermore, the high melting point phase change material and the low melting point phase change material are both organic / inorganic composite phase change materials.

[0008] Furthermore, the fixing bracket is connected to the wall through bolts, and the connection position between the fixing bracket and the wall is sealed.

[0009] A method for using the stepped phase change module for building ventilation as described above, wherein: 1. Summer: When the indoor cooling load is large, the outer upper air valve, the middle upper air valve, the middle lower air valve and the inner lower air valve are opened, and the outer lower air valve and the inner upper air valve are closed. At this time, the indoor air enters through the inner lower air valve, is heated through the outer air duct, the first inner multi-air duct and the second inner multi-air duct, and is discharged outdoors; When the indoor cooling load is small, the outer upper air valve, the middle upper air valve and the inner lower air valve are opened, and the outer lower air valve, the middle lower air valve and the inner upper air valve are closed. At this time, the secondary extended fin-type phase change material filling component and the insulation material form an inner wall, and the indoor air enters through the inner lower air valve, and is discharged outdoors after being heated by the first inner multi-duct and the second inner multi-duct; 2. Winter: When the indoor heat load is large during the day in winter, the middle upper air valve, the middle lower air valve, the inner upper air valve and the inner lower air valve are opened, and the outer upper air valve and the outer lower air valve are closed. The indoor air enters through the middle lower air valve and the inner lower air valve, and enters the room for heating after being heated by the outer air duct, the first inner multi-air duct and the second inner multi-air duct; When the indoor heat load is small during the day in winter, open the outer lower air valve, the middle upper air valve, the inner upper air valve and the inner lower air valve, and close the outer upper air valve and the middle lower air valve. The indoor air passes through the inner lower air valve, is heated by the first inner multi-air duct and the second inner multi-air duct, and then enters the room for heating. At the same time, the outdoor fresh air enters through the outer lower air valve, is heated by the outer air duct, and then enters the room. On winter nights, open the inner upper air valve and the inner lower air valve, and close the outer upper air valve, the outer lower air valve, the middle upper air valve and the middle lower air valve. At this time, the transparent cover and the outer air duct form a building envelope structure, and the indoor air enters through the inner lower air valve. The heat released by the solidification of the phase change material is used to heat the first inner multi-air duct and the second inner multi-air duct before entering the room for heating.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) The fins in the primary extended fin type phase change material filling component and the secondary extended fin type phase change material filling component can enhance the heat transfer speed of the phase change material in the heat flux density direction and improve the energy storage efficiency; 2) The use of stepped phase change filling components can keep the heat transfer temperature difference between the air in the air duct and the phase change material as constant as possible, maintain a relatively constant heat flow to melt or solidify the phase change material, and improve the overall storage / release rate of the phase change material; 3) The phase change temperature of the high melting point phase change thermal storage material is 30℃~45℃, and the phase change temperature of the low melting point phase change thermal storage material is 18℃~25℃, which is conducive to maintaining the room temperature at a comfortable environment of 16℃~28℃; 4) The selection of organic / inorganic composite phase change materials can not only avoid the problems of supercooling, phase separation and thermal cycle performance degradation of inorganic hydrated salts during the heat storage process, but also improve the thermal conductivity of phase change materials, enhance heat storage capacity, and achieve the purposes of easy solubility, stability, and fire resistance; 5) The use of multi-channel multi-control valves is conducive to matching the operation mode of the cascade phase change module under various working conditions, thereby reducing building energy consumption; 6) Bolts are used to fix the stepped phase change module, which is easy to disassemble and install, which can reduce the difficulty of construction and facilitate later maintenance and cleaning; 7) The module can be installed under the skylight glass to use solar energy to provide ventilation power. The module can also be used inside buildings to use the waste heat of the building to provide ventilation power. It is suitable for residences, office buildings, shopping malls and industrial plants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the stepped phase change module; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front and cross-sectional structure of the stepped phase change module in Example 1; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the straight rib structure in the stepped phase change filling component in Example 1; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the ring rib structure in the stepped phase change filling component in Example 1; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the spiral rib structure in the stepped phase change filling component in Example 1; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the cascade phase change module when the cooling load is large in summer; Figure 7 This is the operation diagram of the cascade phase change module for the cooling load hours in summer; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the cascade phase change module when the heat load is large during the day in winter; Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the step phase change module for the hourly heat load during the day in winter; Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the cascade phase change module during winter nights; Figures 6 to 10 The solid arrow in the figure indicates the wind direction; Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the stepped phase change module in Example 2; Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the straight rib structure in the stepped phase change filling component in Example 2; Fig.13 This is a schematic diagram of the sequential structure of the extended fins in the stepped phase change filling component in Example 2; Fig.14Schematic diagram of the extended fin cross-row structure in the stepped phase change filling component in Example 2.

[0012] In the figure, 1-external upper air valve; 2-external lower air valve; 3-middle upper air valve; 4-middle lower air valve; 5-inner upper air valve; 6-inner lower air valve; 7-transparent cover plate; 8-fixed bracket; 9-heat absorption layer; 10-first-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component; 11-second-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component; 12-thermal insulation material; I-external air duct; II-first inner multi-air duct; II'-second inner multi-air duct; III-inner air duct. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0014] like Figure 1 A stepped phase change module for building ventilation is shown, which includes an upper air valve, a lower air valve, a transparent cover plate 7, a heat absorption layer 9 and a heat insulation material component 12, wherein the upper air valve includes an outer upper air valve 1, a middle upper air valve 3 and an inner upper air valve 5, and the lower air valve includes an outer lower air valve 2, a middle lower air valve 4 and an inner lower air valve 6, wherein: The transparent cover plate 7 is arranged on the side close to the outdoors, the heat-insulating material component 12 is arranged on the side close to the indoors, the outer upper air valve 1 and the outer lower air valve 2 are respectively arranged on the upper and lower parts of the transparent cover plate 7, and the inner upper air valve 5 and the inner lower air valve 6 are respectively arranged on the upper and lower parts of the heat-insulating material component 12; the wall between the transparent cover plate 7 and the heat-insulating material component 12 is fixedly connected to the stepped phase-change filling component through a fixing bracket 8, the fixing bracket 8 is connected to the wall through bolts, and the connection position between the fixing bracket 8 and the wall is sealed, and the stepped phase-change filling component includes The first-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component 10 close to the transparent cover plate 7 and the second-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component 11 close to the heat preservation material component 12 are provided with extended fins inside the first-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component 10 and the second-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component 11. The extended fins are in the form of straight ribs, ring ribs or spiral ribs. The arrangement of the extended fins is in a straight row or a cross row. The number, form and arrangement of the extended fins are determined according to the heat transfer characteristics of the phase change material. The interior of the filling component 10 is filled with a high melting point phase change material, and the phase change temperature of the high melting point phase change material is 30°C~45°C. The interior of the secondary extended fin type phase change material filling component 11 is filled with a low melting point phase change material, and the phase change temperature of the low melting point phase change material is 18°C~25°C. Both the high melting point phase change material and the low melting point phase change material are organic / inorganic composite phase change materials; the first internal multi-duct II that penetrates longitudinally is respectively arranged on the opposite side walls of the primary extended fin type phase change material filling component 10 and the secondary extended fin type phase change material filling component 11, and the primary extended fin type phase change material is provided with a plurality of air ducts. The side walls opposite to the material filling component 10 and the secondary extended fin type phase change material filling component 11 are in close contact with each other or are provided with a second internal multi-air duct II', the middle upper air valve 3 and the middle lower air valve 4 are respectively arranged at the upper and lower parts of the primary extended fin type phase change material filling component 10, and the side walls opposite to the secondary extended fin type phase change material filling component 11 and the thermal insulation material component 12 are in close contact with each other or are provided with an internal air duct III; the heat absorption layer 9 is arranged on the outer side wall of the primary extended fin type phase change material filling component 10, and an external air duct I is formed between the transparent cover plate 7 and the heat absorption layer 9. Example 1

[0015] like Figures 2 to 5 A stepped phase change module for building ventilation is shown, which includes an upper air valve, a lower air valve, a transparent cover plate 7, a heat absorption layer 9 and a heat insulation material component 12, wherein the upper air valve includes an outer upper air valve 1, a middle upper air valve 3 and an inner upper air valve 5, and the lower air valve includes an outer lower air valve 2, a middle lower air valve 4 and an inner lower air valve 6, wherein: The transparent cover plate 7 is arranged on the side close to the outdoors, the heat-insulating material component 12 is arranged on the side close to the indoors, the outer upper air valve 1 and the outer lower air valve 2 are arranged on the upper and lower parts of the transparent cover plate 7 respectively, and the inner upper air valve 5 and the inner lower air valve 6 are arranged on the upper and lower parts of the heat-insulating material component 12 respectively; The wall between the transparent cover plate 7 and the heat-insulating material component 12 is fixedly connected to the stepped phase-change filling component through a fixed bracket 8, the fixed bracket 8 is connected to the wall through bolts, and the fixed bracket 8 is sealed at the connection position with the wall. The stepped phase-change filling component includes a first-level extended fin-type phase-change material filling component 10 close to the transparent cover plate 7 and a second-level extended fin-type phase-change material filling component 11 close to the heat-insulating material component 12. The first-level extended fin-type phase-change material filling component 10 and the second-level extended fin-type phase-change material filling component 11 are both provided with extended fins inside. The extended fins can be in the form of straight ribs (such as Figure 3 as shown), ring ribs (as shown Figure 4 as shown) or spiral ribs (as Figure 5 As shown), the arrangement of the extended fins is in a sequential arrangement, and the interior of the primary extended fin-type phase change material filling component 10 is filled with a high melting point phase change material, and the phase change temperature of the high melting point phase change material is 30°C~45°C, and the interior of the secondary extended fin-type phase change material filling component 11 is filled with a low melting point phase change material, and the phase change temperature of the low melting point phase change material is 18°C~25°C, and both the high melting point phase change material and the low melting point phase change material are organic / inorganic composite phase change materials; the first internal multi-air duct II which penetrates longitudinally is respectively arranged on the opposite side walls of the primary extended fin-type phase change material filling component 10 and the secondary extended fin-type phase change material filling component 11 In the present embodiment 1, a second inner multi-air duct II' is arranged between the opposite side walls of the first-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component 10 and the second-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component 11, and the middle upper air valve 3 and the middle lower air valve 4 are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the first-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component 10; in the present embodiment 1, the heat-insulating material component 12 is fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the second-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component 11 (that is, they are closely attached to each other); the heat-absorbing layer 9 is arranged on the outer side wall of the first-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component 10, and an outer air duct I is formed between the transparent cover plate 7 and the heat-absorbing layer 9.

[0016] The present invention will be further described below based on the summer operating state and the winter operating state.

[0017] 1. Summer time: like Figure 6As shown, when the indoor cooling load is large, the outer upper air valve 1, the middle upper air valve 3, the middle lower air valve 4 and the inner lower air valve 6 are opened, and the outer lower air valve 2 and the inner upper air valve 5 are closed. At this time, the indoor air passes through the inner lower air valve 6, and is heated by the outer air duct I, the first inner multi-air duct II and the second inner multi-air duct II' before being discharged outdoors; like Figure 7 As shown, when the indoor cooling load is small, the outer upper air valve 1, the middle upper air valve 3 and the inner lower air valve 6 are opened, and the outer lower air valve 2, the middle lower air valve 4 and the inner upper air valve 5 are closed. At this time, the secondary extended fin-type phase change material filling component 11 and the thermal insulation material structure 12 form an inner wall, and the indoor air passes through the inner lower air valve 6, is heated by the first inner multi-duct II and the second inner multi-duct II', and is discharged outdoors; The main function of this operating mode is to enhance natural ventilation in the room and meet the thermal comfort requirements of the human body.

[0018] 2. Winter: like Figure 8 As shown, when the indoor heat load is large during the day in winter, the middle upper air valve 3, the middle lower air valve 4, the inner upper air valve 5 and the inner lower air valve 6 are opened, and the outer upper air valve 1 and the outer lower air valve 2 are closed. The indoor air passes through the middle lower air valve 4 and the inner lower air valve 6, and is heated by the outer air duct I, the first inner multi-air duct II and the second inner multi-air duct II' before entering the room for heating; like Fig. 9 As shown, when the indoor heat load is small during the daytime in winter, the outer lower air valve 2, the middle upper air valve 3, the inner upper air valve 5 and the inner lower air valve 6 are opened, and the outer upper air valve 1 and the middle lower air valve 4 are closed. The indoor air passes through the inner lower air valve 6 and is heated by the first inner multi-air duct II and the second inner multi-air duct II' before entering the indoor heating. At the same time, the outdoor fresh air passes through the outer lower air valve 2 and is heated by the outer air duct I before entering the indoor heating, so as to maintain the indoor thermal comfort. like Fig.10 As shown, in winter nights, in order to reduce the heat loss of the air in the channel, the inner upper air valve 5 and the inner lower air valve 6 are opened, and the outer upper air valve 1, the outer lower air valve 2, the middle upper air valve 3 and the middle lower air valve 4 are closed. At this time, the transparent cover plate 7 and the outer air duct I form a building envelope structure to enhance the building insulation effect. The indoor air uses the heat released by the solidification of the phase change material to pass through the inner lower air valve 6, and is heated by the first inner multi-duct II and the second inner multi-duct II' before entering the room for heating; This mode of operation supplements the heating system and reduces building energy consumption. Example 2

[0019] like Figures 11 to 14 A stepped phase change module for building ventilation is shown, which includes an upper air valve, a lower air valve, a transparent cover plate 7, a heat absorption layer 9 and a heat insulation material component 12, wherein the upper air valve includes an outer upper air valve 1, a middle upper air valve 3 and an inner upper air valve 5, and the lower air valve includes an outer lower air valve 2, a middle lower air valve 4 and an inner lower air valve 6, wherein: The transparent cover plate 7 is arranged on the side close to the outdoors, the heat-insulating material component 12 is arranged on the side close to the indoors, the outer upper air valve 1 and the outer lower air valve 2 are arranged on the upper and lower parts of the transparent cover plate 7 respectively, and the inner upper air valve 5 and the inner lower air valve 6 are arranged on the upper and lower parts of the heat-insulating material component 12 respectively; The wall between the transparent cover plate 7 and the heat-insulating material component 12 is fixedly connected to the stepped phase-change filling component through a fixed bracket 8, the fixed bracket 8 is connected to the wall through bolts, and the fixed bracket 8 is sealed at the connection position with the wall. The stepped phase-change filling component includes a first-level extended fin-type phase-change material filling component 10 close to the transparent cover plate 7 and a second-level extended fin-type phase-change material filling component 11 close to the heat-insulating material component 12. The first-level extended fin-type phase-change material filling component 10 and the second-level extended fin-type phase-change material filling component 11 are both provided with extended fins inside. In this embodiment 2, the extended fins are all in the form of straight ribs (such as Fig.12 As shown in FIG. 1 ), the extended fins may be arranged in a sequential manner (eg Fig.13 As shown), cross row (as shown Fig.14 As shown), the first-stage extended fin-type phase change material filling component 10 is filled with a high melting point phase change material, and the phase change temperature of the high melting point phase change material is 30°C to 45°C. The second-stage extended fin-type phase change material filling component 11 is filled with a low melting point phase change material, and the phase change temperature of the low melting point phase change material is 18°C ​​to 25°C. Both the high melting point phase change material and the low melting point phase change material are organic / inorganic composite phase change materials; A first inner multi-air duct II that penetrates longitudinally is respectively arranged on the opposite side walls of the first-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component 10 and the second-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component 11. In the present embodiment 2, the opposite side walls of the first-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component 10 and the second-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component 11 are in close contact with each other, and the middle upper air valve 3 and the middle lower air valve 4 are respectively arranged at the upper and lower parts of the first-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component 10; in the present embodiment 2, an inner channel air duct III is arranged between the thermal insulation material component 12 and the second-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component 11; the heat absorption layer 9 is arranged on the outer side wall of the first-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component 10, and an outer air duct I is formed between the transparent cover plate 7 and the heat absorption layer 9.

[0020] The method of controlling the opening and closing of the air valve according to the season and day and night in the second embodiment is the same as that in the first embodiment.

[0021] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A stepped phase change module for building ventilation, comprising an upper air valve, a lower air valve, a transparent cover plate (7), a heat absorption layer (9) and a heat insulation material component (12), wherein the upper air valve comprises an outer upper air valve (1), a middle upper air valve (3) and an inner upper air valve (5), and the lower air valve comprises an outer lower air valve (2), a middle lower air valve (4) and an inner lower air valve (6), characterized in that: The transparent cover plate (7) is arranged on a side close to the outdoors, the thermal insulation material component (12) is arranged on a side close to the indoors, the outer upper air valve (1) and the outer lower air valve (2) are respectively arranged on the upper and lower parts of the transparent cover plate (7), and the inner upper air valve (5) and the inner lower air valve (6) are respectively arranged on the upper and lower parts of the thermal insulation material component (12); the wall between the transparent cover plate (7) and the thermal insulation material component (12) is fixedly connected to the stepped phase change filling component via a fixing bracket (8), and the stepped phase change filling component includes The invention relates to a first-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component (10) close to the transparent cover plate (7) and a second-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component (11) close to the heat insulation material component (12), wherein the first-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component (10) and the second-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component (11) are both provided with extended fins inside, and the first-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component (10) is filled with a high melting point phase change material, and the phase change temperature of the high melting point phase change material is 30°C to 40°C. 5°C, a low melting point phase change material is filled inside the secondary extended fin type phase change material filling component (11), and the phase change temperature of the low melting point phase change material is 18°C ​​to 25°C, and first inner multi-air ducts (II) are longitudinally penetrated on the opposite side walls of the primary extended fin type phase change material filling component (10) and the secondary extended fin type phase change material filling component (11), and the opposite side walls of the primary extended fin type phase change material filling component (10) and the secondary extended fin type phase change material filling component (11) are closely attached to each other or are provided There is a second inner multi-air duct (II'), the middle upper air valve (3) and the middle lower air valve (4) are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the first-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component (10), and the side walls opposite to the second-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component (11) and the thermal insulation material component (12) are closely attached to each other or are provided with an inner air duct (III); the heat absorption layer (9) is arranged on the outer side wall of the first-stage extended fin type phase change material filling component (10), and an outer air duct (I) is formed between the transparent cover plate (7) and the heat absorption layer (9).

2. A stepped phase change module for building ventilation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extended fins are in the form of straight ribs, annular ribs or spiral ribs, and are arranged in a sequential or staggered manner. The number, form and arrangement of the extended fins are determined according to the heat transfer characteristics of the phase change material.

3. A stepped phase change module for building ventilation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high melting point phase change material and the low melting point phase change material are both organic / inorganic composite phase change materials.

4. The step phase change module for building ventilation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing bracket (8) is connected to the wall by means of bolts, and a sealing treatment is performed at the connection position between the fixing bracket (8) and the wall.

5. A method for using the stepped phase change module for building ventilation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:

1. Summer: When the indoor cooling load is large, the outer upper air valve (1), the middle upper air valve (3), the middle lower air valve (4) and the inner lower air valve (6) are opened, and the outer lower air valve (2) and the inner upper air valve (5) are closed. At this time, the indoor air enters through the inner lower air valve (6), passes through the outer air duct (I), the first inner multi-air duct (II) and the second inner multi-air duct (II'), and is then discharged outdoors after being heated. When the indoor cooling load is small, the outer upper air valve (1), the middle upper air valve (3) and the inner lower air valve (6) are opened, and the outer lower air valve (2), the middle lower air valve (4) and the inner upper air valve (5) are closed. At this time, the secondary extended fin-type phase change material filling component (11) and the thermal insulation material structure (12) form an inner wall, and the indoor air enters through the inner lower air valve (6), is heated by the first inner multi-duct (II) and the second inner multi-duct (II'), and is discharged outdoors; 2. Winter: When the indoor heat load is large during the day in winter, the middle upper air valve (3), the middle lower air valve (4), the inner upper air valve (5) and the inner lower air valve (6) are opened, and the outer upper air valve (1) and the outer lower air valve (2) are closed. The indoor air enters through the middle lower air valve (4) and the inner lower air valve (6), is heated by the outer air duct (Ⅰ), the first inner multi-air duct (Ⅱ) and the second inner multi-air duct (Ⅱ'), and then enters the room for heating. When the indoor heat load is small during the day in winter, the outer lower air valve (2), the middle upper air valve (3), the inner upper air valve (5) and the inner lower air valve (6) are opened, and the outer upper air valve (1) and the middle lower air valve (4) are closed. The indoor air passes through the inner lower air valve (6) and is heated by the first inner multi-air duct (II) and the second inner multi-air duct (II') before entering the indoor space for heating. At the same time, outdoor fresh air enters through the outer lower air valve (2) and is heated by the outer air duct (I) before entering the indoor space. At night in winter, the inner upper air valve (5) and the inner lower air valve (6) are opened, and the outer upper air valve (1), the outer lower air valve (2), the middle upper air valve (3) and the middle lower air valve (4) are closed. At this time, the transparent cover plate (7) and the outer air duct (I) form a building envelope structure, and indoor air enters through the inner lower air valve (6). The heat released by the solidification of the phase change material is used to heat the first inner multi-air duct (II) and the second inner multi-air duct (II') before entering the room for heating.

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