Micro-charge electric quantity multi-stage amplification measurement method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a micro-charge electric quantity multi-stage amplification measurement method and device, and the method comprises the steps: a first-stage amplification step: employing an induction Faraday cylinder A1 to induce a charge-q which is equal to and different from a charge q carried by an electrified conductor; the electric charge is transferred to the amplification Faraday cylinder B1 through contact between the induction Faraday cylinder A1 and the amplification Faraday cylinder B1, induction and transfer are repeated n1 times, the electric quantity of the electric charge carried by the amplification Faraday cylinder B1 is-n1q, first-level n1-time amplification of the electric charge is achieved, and k is made to be equal to 2; a k-stage amplification step: using the induction Faraday cylinder Ak to induce charges which are equal to and different from charges carried by the amplification Faraday cylinder Bk-1, using the contact between the induction Faraday cylinder Ak and the amplification Faraday cylinder Bk to transfer the charges to the amplification Faraday cylinder Bk, and repeating induction and transfer for nk times to realize k-stage amplification of the charges by nk times; k is made to be equal to k + 1, and the k-stage amplification step is repeated till k is equal to K; and the amplified charges are calculated by using the measuring capacitor, so that the multi-stage amplification and measurement of the electric quantity of the trace charges are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of charge measurement, and in particular to a method and a device for multi-stage amplification measurement of trace electric charge. Background Art

[0002] In electricity, there are already very simple measurement methods and instruments for physical quantities such as voltage, current, resistance, and capacitance. However, there is a lack of similar simple and universal measurement methods and instruments for the measurement of electric charge, especially trace electric charge. The Chinese invention patent application with publication number CN 116466145 A uses a conductor spherical shell to transfer charge. The method is simple, but its magnification is affected by the ratio of the conductor spherical shell radius to the Faraday cage radius, and the magnification increases slowly. The Chinese invention patent application with publication number CN117368589A uses two parallel conductor plates to form a capacitor to transfer charge, improving the defect of slow magnification growth, but this method has high requirements for experimental conditions, and the smoothness and parallelism of the two conductor plates will affect the experimental results. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the micro-charge amplification factor increases slowly and the experimental conditions are required to be high in the prior art.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: to provide a multi-stage amplification measurement method for trace electric charge, comprising the following steps:

[0005] In the first-stage amplification step, the induction Faraday cup A1 is used to induce a charge -q of equal amount but opposite sign to the charge q carried by the charged conductor; the charge is transferred to the amplifying Faraday cup B1 by using the contact between the induction Faraday cup A1 and the amplifying Faraday cup B1, and the induction step and the transfer step are repeated n1 times, and the charge carried by the amplifying Faraday cup B1 is -n1q, thus realizing the first-stage n1-fold amplification of the charge; let k = 2;

[0006] k-level amplification step, using the inductive Faraday cup A k Sensing and amplifying Faraday cup B k-1 The charges with equal amount and opposite sign; using induction Faraday cup A k and amplifying Faraday cup B k The contact between the two transfers the charge to the amplifying Faraday cup B. k , repeat the induction step and transfer step n k times, achieving charge level k n k times magnification; magnification Faraday cup B k The electric charge is n i Indicates induction Faraday cup A i With amplification Faraday cup B iThe number of contacts, k∈{1, 2, ..., K} represents the amplification level, K represents the maximum amplification level; K value is related to n i Set the magnification as needed;

[0007] Repeat the steps, set k = k + 1 and repeat the k-level amplification steps until k = K to obtain the required amplification level;

[0008] Measurement steps: Connect one end of the measuring capacitor to the amplifying Faraday cup B k , the other end is grounded, and the amplified charge is calculated by measuring the voltage U across the capacitor, which is expressed as:

[0009]

[0010] Wherein, |q| represents the amplified charge; C represents the capacitance value of the measured capacitor.

[0011] Preferably, the primary amplification step comprises the following steps:

[0012] The induction Faraday cup A1 is grounded. When a conductor with charge q is placed in the induction Faraday cup A1, the induction Faraday cup A1 will induce a charge -q of equal amount but opposite sign to the charged conductor.

[0013] Disconnect the ground wire of the induction Faraday cup A1, move the induction Faraday cup A1 into the amplification Faraday cup B1 to touch the inner wall of the cup, and then all the charge -q on the induction Faraday cup A1 will be moved to the Faraday cup B1;

[0014] Repeat the above steps n1 times, and the charge on the amplified Faraday cup B1 is -n1q;

[0015] Set k=2.

[0016] Preferably, the k-level amplification step comprises the following steps:

[0017] Induction Faraday cup A k Ground the Faraday cup B k-1 Place it in the induction Faraday cup A k In the case of Faraday cage A k Sensing and amplifying Faraday cup B k-1 Equal but opposite charges

[0018] Disconnect the inductive Faraday cup A k After the ground wire is removed, the amplifying Faraday cup B is removed. k-1 Then, the induction Faraday cup A k Move to the magnifying Faraday cup B k If the inner wall of the cylinder is touched, the Faraday cylinder A is induced. k All the charges on the magnet will move to the amplifying Faraday cup B.k superior;

[0019] Repeat the above steps n k times, then the Faraday cup B is enlarged k The charge on

[0020] Preferably, the positive or negative value of the amplified charge is determined by:

[0021] If k is an odd number and the potential at the ground terminal of the capacitor is high, the charge to be measured is positive;

[0022] If k is an even number and the ground terminal of the capacitor has a low potential, the charge to be measured is positive;

[0023] Otherwise, the charge is negative.

[0024] The present invention also provides a multi-stage amplification measurement device for trace electric charge, comprising a plurality of Faraday cups of successively increasing sizes and a measuring capacitor, wherein the sizes of any two Faraday cups in the Faraday cups have the following relationship: the inner diameter of the larger Faraday cup is larger than the outer diameter of the smaller Faraday cup; the measuring device uses the multi-stage amplification measurement method for trace electric charge as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

[0025] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: multi-stage amplification and measurement of a charge circuit can be realized by only using a Faraday cup and a capacitor, and has the advantages of rapid increase in amplification factor, simple measuring device, low requirements on measuring conditions, and simple operation.

[0026] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 A method step diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a magnification growth curve diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention provides a device and method for multi-stage amplification measurement of a trace charge. The device comprises a plurality of Faraday cups of increasing sizes and a measuring capacitor. The sizes of any two Faraday cups in the Faraday cups have the following relationship: the inner diameter of the larger Faraday cup is larger than the outer diameter of the smaller Faraday cup, so as to ensure that the larger Faraday cup can fit the smaller Faraday cup inside.

[0031] See also Figure 1FIG. 1 is a diagram showing steps of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0032] S101, a first-stage amplification step, using the induction Faraday cup A1 to induce a charge -q of equal quantity but opposite sign to the charge q carried by the charged conductor; using the contact between the induction Faraday cup A1 and the amplification Faraday cup B1 to transfer the charge to the amplification Faraday cup B1, repeating the induction and transfer n1 times, the charge carried by the amplification Faraday cup B1 is -n1q, and the first-stage charge amplification is achieved by n1 times; let k = 2;

[0033] S102, k-level amplification step, using induction Faraday cup A k Sensing and amplifying Faraday cup B k-1 The charges with equal amount and opposite sign; using induction Faraday cup A k and amplifying Faraday cup B k The contact between the two transfers the charge to the amplifying Faraday cup B. k , repeated induction and transfer n k times, achieving charge level k n k times magnification; magnification Faraday cup B k The electric charge is n i Indicates induction Faraday cup A i With amplification Faraday cup B i The number of contacts, k∈{1, 2, ..., K} represents the amplification level, K represents the maximum amplification level; K value is related to n i Set the magnification as needed;

[0034] S103, repeat the steps, set k=k+1 and repeat the k-level amplification steps until k=K to obtain the required amplification level;

[0035] S104, measurement step, connect one end of the measuring capacitor to the amplifying Faraday cup B k , the other end is grounded, and the amplified charge is calculated by measuring the voltage U across the capacitor, which is expressed as:

[0036]

[0037] Wherein, |q| represents the amplified charge; C represents the capacitance value of the measured capacitor.

[0038] Specifically, participate Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention, and the overall flow chart is as follows:

[0039] Step I.1: Place the charged conductor q in the Faraday cage A1. Ground the Faraday cage A1. Since the electric field outside the grounded Faraday cage is zero everywhere, a Gaussian surface is constructed to surround the Faraday cage. The electric flux on the Gaussian surface is zero. According to Gauss's theorem, the algebraic sum of the charges within the Gaussian surface is zero. Therefore, the Faraday cage will induce a charge of equal magnitude but opposite sign to the charged conductor, i.e. -q; Figure 2 As shown in (a) in .

[0040] Step I.2: After disconnecting the ground wire of Faraday cup A1, move it into Faraday cup B1 to contact the inner wall of the cup. Then, all the charge -q on Faraday cup 1 will move to Faraday cup B1. Figure 2 As shown in (b) in .

[0041] Step I.3: Repeat steps I.1 and I.2 for multiple times. After n1 repetitions, the charge on Faraday cage B1 is -n1q; up to this step, the first level of amplification is achieved using Faraday cage B1.

[0042] Step II.1: Place Faraday cup B1 in Faraday cup A2. Ground Faraday cup A2, and Faraday cup A2 will induce charges equal to but opposite to those of Faraday cup B1, i.e., n1q. Figure 2 As shown in (c) in .

[0043] Step II.2: After disconnecting the ground wire of Faraday cup A2, move it into Faraday cup B2 to contact the inner wall of the cup. Then, all the charges n1q on Faraday cup A2 will move to Faraday cup B2. Figure 2 As shown in (d) in .

[0044] Step II.3: Repeat steps II.1 and II.2 for multiple times. After n2 repetitions, the charge on Faraday cage B2 is n1n2q. Up to this step, the second stage amplification is achieved using Faraday cage B2.

[0045] Step III.1: Replace Faraday cup B1 with Faraday cup B2, and replace Faraday cup B2 with Faraday cup B3, and repeat step II. Then, the third level of amplification is achieved using Faraday cup B3. Similarly, repeat step II with more Faraday cups. After k levels of amplification, Faraday cup B k The charge on where n i is the number of i-th level amplification operations, and is also the amplification multiple of the i-th level amplification.

[0046] Step IV: Connect one end of capacitor C to Faraday cup B K , and the other end is grounded. The grounded end of the capacitor will sense the Faraday cage B k Equal but opposite charges, Faraday cup B KAll the charges on the capacitor will move to the other end. Figure 2 As shown in (e) in the figure. At this time, the charge on the capacitor is The voltage across the capacitor is measured as U, then Therefore, the magnitude of the amplified charge is expressed as:

[0047]

[0048] Wherein, K represents the maximum amplification level.

[0049] The positive or negative of the amplified charge can be determined by the potential. If K is an odd number and the potential at the ground terminal of the capacitor is high, or if K is an even number and the potential at the ground terminal of the capacitor is low, the charge to be measured is positive; otherwise, the charge to be measured is negative.

[0050] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the charge magnification factor is With the number of stages i and the number of amplification operations n i The increase is increasing rapidly. Figure 3 As shown, the number of operations per level is 10(n i =10), the magnification curves of the levels i are 1 to 5 respectively. It can be seen from the figure that the magnification increases rapidly with the increase of the level i; if the number of operations per level is set to be greater than 10, the growth rate is faster.

[0051] It can be seen that the device and method for multi-stage amplification and measurement of trace charges proposed in the present invention can quickly amplify and measure tiny charges, the device cost is low, the method operation is simple, and the operating conditions are low.

[0052] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage amplification measurement method for trace electric charge, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: In the first-stage amplification step, the induction Faraday cup A1 is used to induce a charge -q of equal magnitude and opposite sign to the charge q carried by the charged conductor; The charge is transferred to the amplifying Faraday cup B1 by using the contact between the sensing Faraday cup A1 and the amplifying Faraday cup B1. The sensing step and the transfer step are repeated n1 times. The charge carried by the amplifying Faraday cup B1 is -n1q, and the charge is amplified n1 times in the first stage. Let k = 2; k-level amplification step, using the inductive Faraday cup A k Sensing and amplifying Faraday cup B k-1 Charges of equal magnitude but opposite sign; Using induction Faraday cup A k and amplifying Faraday cup B k The contact between the two transfers the charge to the amplifying Faraday cup B. k , repeat the induction step and transfer step n k times, achieving charge level k n k times magnification; magnification Faraday cup B k The electric charge is n i Indicates induction Faraday cup A i With amplification Faraday cup B i The number of contacts, k∈{1, 2, ..., K} represents the amplification level, K represents the maximum amplification level; K value is related to n i Set the magnification as needed; Repeat the steps, set k = k + 1 and repeat the k-level amplification steps until k = K to obtain the required amplification level; Measurement steps: Connect one end of the measuring capacitor to the amplifying Faraday cup B k , the other end is grounded, and the amplified charge is calculated by measuring the voltage U across the capacitor, which is expressed as: Wherein, |q| represents the amplified charge; C represents the capacitance value of the measured capacitor.

2. The multi-stage amplification measurement method for trace electric charge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first-stage amplification step comprises the following steps: The induction Faraday cup A1 is grounded. When a conductor with charge q is placed in the induction Faraday cup A1, the induction Faraday cup A1 will induce a charge -q of equal amount but opposite sign to the charged conductor. Disconnect the ground wire of the induction Faraday cup A1, move the induction Faraday cup A1 into the amplification Faraday cup B1 to touch the inner wall of the cup, and then all the charge -q on the induction Faraday cup A1 will be moved to the Faraday cup B1; Repeat the above steps n1 times, and the charge on the amplified Faraday cup B1 is -n1q; Set k=2.

3. The multi-stage amplification measurement method for trace electric charge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The k-level amplification step comprises the following steps: Induction Faraday cup A k Ground the Faraday cup B k-1 Place it in the induction Faraday cup A k In the case of Faraday cage A k Sensing and amplifying Faraday cup B k-1 Equal but opposite charges Disconnect the inductive Faraday cup A k After the ground wire is removed, the amplifying Faraday cup B is removed. k-1 Then, the induction Faraday cup A k Move to the magnifying Faraday cup B k If the inner wall of the cylinder is touched, the Faraday cylinder A is induced. k All the charges on the magnet will move to the amplifying Faraday cup B. k superior; Repeat the above steps n k times, then the Faraday cup B is enlarged k The charge on 4. The multi-stage amplification measurement method for trace electric charge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The positive or negative of the amplified charge is determined by: If k is an odd number and the potential at the ground terminal of the capacitor is high, the charge to be measured is positive; If k is an even number and the ground terminal of the capacitor has a low potential, the charge to be measured is positive; Otherwise, the charge is negative.

5. A multi-stage amplification and measurement device for trace electric charge, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of Faraday cups of successively increasing sizes and a measuring capacitor, wherein the sizes of any two Faraday cups in the Faraday cups have the following relationship: the inner diameter of the larger Faraday cup is larger than the outer diameter of the smaller Faraday cup; and the measuring device uses the multi-stage amplification measurement method for trace electric charge as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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