A nanowire orientation method, prepared film and its use in polarized optoelectronic devices

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for nanowire orientation, a prepared film, and its use in polarized optoelectronic devices. The nanowire orientation method comprises: (1) providing an orientation component and a substrate, wherein the orientation component comprises at least one orientation unit, wherein the orientation unit comprises a fixing member and at least two conical flexible members fixed on the fixing member and arranged side by side; the conical flexible member is divided into a main orientation region, an auxiliary orientation region, and a liquid supply region from the root to the tip; (2) the orientation component stores a dispersion of nanowires to be oriented; (3) the orientation component and the substrate are moved relative to each other, and the conical flexible member is deformed. The present application realizes the orientation of one-dimensional nanowires by setting an orientation component, especially can orient ultra-long one-dimensional nanowires, and the orientation half-peak width can reach 3.16° to 16°.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of one-dimensional material orientation, and in particular relates to a nanowire orientation method, a prepared film and an application thereof in a polarized photoelectric device. Background Art

[0002] Semiconductor nanowires with highly anisotropic transition dipole moments are important materials for the fabrication of polarized optoelectronic devices. Nanowires with high aspect ratios, in particular, are particularly advantageous for enhancing light absorption and carrier mobility along their long axes, offering broad application prospects. Various strategies have been developed to prepare oriented nanowire structures, including blade coating, dip coating, and Langmuir-Blodgett interface assembly techniques. However, significant deviations in nanowire orientation and the tendency for extremely long nanowires to entangle and lack uniformity persist, resulting in low polarization levels in these devices.

[0003] For example, blade coating and dip coating methods struggle to precisely control nanowire orientation at the micrometer scale, resulting in low orientation in the resulting nanowire films. While LB interfacial assembly techniques are suitable for oriented assembly of ultra-long nanowires, further improvement in orientation is difficult due to the tendency of ultra-long nanowires to entangle with one another.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve highly oriented assembly of nanowires, especially ultra-long nanowires, through simple methods is an urgent problem that researchers in this field need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a nanowire alignment method, which comprises the following steps:

[0006] (1) Providing an orientation component and a substrate, wherein the orientation component includes at least one orientation unit, wherein the orientation unit includes a fixing member and at least two conical flexible members fixed to the fixing member and arranged side by side, along the length direction D1 of the conical flexible members, the cone base of the conical flexible members is fixed to the fixing member, the cone tip is a free end, and the axes of the conical flexible members are arranged parallel to each other in a natural state;

[0007] The tapered flexible member is divided into a main orientation area, an auxiliary orientation area and a liquid supply area from the root to the tip;

[0008] (2) The alignment component stores the nanowire dispersion to be aligned and outputs the nanowire dispersion;

[0009] (3) The orientation component is caused to move relative to the substrate, and the relative movement direction is D2. The conical flexible member is deformed, and the angle between the outer surface of the portion of the conical flexible member in the main orientation area and the surface of the substrate is α, α≤2°; the angle between the outer surface of the portion of the conical flexible member in the auxiliary orientation area and the surface of the substrate is β, and β>α; during the relative movement, the angle between the portion of the conical flexible member in the main orientation area and the surface of the substrate is maintained to be ≤α; the arrangement direction of the conical flexible members of the same orientation unit is a first arrangement direction D3, the first arrangement direction D3 is perpendicular to the relative movement direction D2, and the first arrangement direction D3 is parallel to the surface of the substrate.

[0010] The deformation of the conical flexible component described in the present application is usually bending deformation; the outer surface of the conical flexible component is a curved surface, and the angle between it and the base surface can be understood as the angle between any element line of the outer surface of the conical flexible component and the base surface.

[0011] The present application arranges at least two side-by-side conical flexible members and enables them to move relative to a substrate, thereby controlling the positional relationship between the conical flexible members and the substrate. The side-by-side conical flexible members present an arc shape in an auxiliary orientation region and transition to a main orientation region. The nanowire dispersion is initially combed and oriented in the auxiliary orientation region, and then reaches the main orientation region under the combined force of gravity and capillary action. The conical flexible members and the substrate are maintained in a state of nearly parallel or overlapping in the main orientation region. At this time, the liquid film between adjacent conical flexible members forms a shear flow, combing the one-dimensional nanowires to achieve orientation.

[0012] The present application does not specifically limit the material of the tapered flexible member, as long as it can be brought into contact with the substrate in the area near the end under the action of an external force to form a main orientation zone. For example, the material of the tapered flexible member described in the present application can be biological new hair (such as wolf hair, goat hair, purple hair, rat tail hair, horse hair, etc.), PDMS, glass, copper, PET, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and / or polytetrafluoroethylene, etc. When non-biological new hair is selected, the shape of the tapered flexible member is considered to have a similar appearance to biological new hair, such as a tapered structure with a pointed end.

[0013] The conical flexible member described in this application can be understood as a structure including biological hair growth or a structure abstracted from such growth, generally referring to a structure having at least a conical end portion and a conical or cylindrical tail portion transitioning from the end portion. This application does not specifically limit the length ratio of the end portion to the tail portion.

[0014] Preferably, the speed of the relative movement in step (3) is 2 mm / s to 15 mm / s, for example, 3 mm / s, 5 mm / s, 8 mm / s, 10 mm / s, 13 mm / s, etc.

[0015] Preferably, the output speed of the nanowire dispersion is 0.5 to 100 μL / s, for example, 1 μL / s, 5 μL / s, 10 μL / s, 18 μL / s, 25 μL / s, 35 μL / s, 46 μL / s, 58 μL / s, 75 μL / s, 94 μL / s, etc.

[0016] The relative motion between the alignment component and the substrate allows the nanowire dispersion to form a suitable liquid film, thereby aligning the one-dimensional nanowires by utilizing surface tension. If the relative motion speed is too high, the output of the nanowire dispersion will be too low, which may cause the liquid film to break and reduce the alignment of the one-dimensional nanowires. If the relative motion speed is too high, the output of the nanowire dispersion will be too low, which may cause the one-dimensional nanowires to accumulate, similarly reducing the alignment of the one-dimensional nanowires.

[0017] It should be noted that as long as the orientation component moves relative to the substrate and continuously outputs the nanowire dispersion, the one-dimensional nanowires can be oriented. The relative movement speed of 2 mm / s to 15 mm / s and the output speed of the nanowire dispersion of 0.5 to 100 μL / s are only the preferred ranges for improving the orientation.

[0018] Generally, the more tapered flexible components the orientation unit has, the faster the nanowire dispersion can be output, and the one-dimensional material can be oriented in a wider plane.

[0019] Preferably, in the main orientation area, the distance between the conical flexible member and the substrate is 0, and the area between adjacent conical flexible members is defined as a liquid bridge area; along the length direction of the conical flexible member, the length of the liquid bridge area is 1.5 to 12 mm, preferably 3 to 8 mm; the width of the liquid bridge area is 2 μm to 500 μm, preferably 2 μm to 70 μm.

[0020] The length of the liquid bridge region can be understood as the length of the main orientation region. In the liquid bridge region, sufficient length and appropriate width can improve the orientation of the one-dimensional nanowires, and can broaden the applicable length of the orientation method, so as to orient longer one-dimensional nanowires.

[0021] Generally, when there are more than two orientation units, such as 3, 4, 5, 6, etc., the width of the liquid bridge area will be appropriately reduced, and a liquid bridge area width of 2 to 70 μm can be obtained; when there is one orientation unit, the liquid bridge area width is usually larger.

[0022] The orientation component described in the present application may include one orientation unit, or may include two or more orientation units.

[0023] Preferably, the orientation component includes at least two orientation units, and the roots of the orientation units are staggered along the direction of the relative movement direction D2; in the liquid supply area, a liquid storage space is formed between the conical flexible members of the orientation component for storing the nanowire solution to be oriented; in the auxiliary orientation area, an orientation transition space is formed between the conical flexible members of the orientation component, and along the relative movement direction D2, the width of the orientation transition space gradually decreases to the width size of the liquid bridge area, and the staggered conical flexible members of adjacent orientation units gradually tend to be coplanar.

[0024] When the orientation component includes two or more orientation units, when it moves relative to the substrate, in the main orientation area, the conical flexible components of different orientation units will be inserted into the substrate and contact the substrate, forming a narrower liquid bridge area, thereby improving the orientation of the one-dimensional material and broadening the size range of the one-dimensional material of the orientation method.

[0025] The staggered arrangement means that the tapered flexible components of the orientation units in the second row are located within the gaps between the tapered flexible components of the orientation units in the first row, along the D2 direction; the tapered flexible components of the orientation units in the third row are located within the gaps between the tapered flexible components of the orientation units in the second row, along the D2 direction, and so on. The orientation units are staggered. It should be noted that the tapered flexible components of the orientation units in the third row are preferably aligned with the tapered flexible components of the orientation units in the first row.

[0026] Preferably, the number of tapered flexible members in different orientation units is the same or different, and preferably the number of tapered flexible members in different orientation units is the same.

[0027] Preferably, the number of the orientation units in the orientation component is 1 to 20, for example, 2, 5, 9, 14, 18, etc.

[0028] Preferably, the number of the tapered flexible members of the orientation unit is 2 to 200,000, for example, 3, 6, 10, 20, 60, 80, 100, 300, 500, 700, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, 10000, 40000, 70000, 90000, etc.

[0029] Preferably, the length of the nanowire is 5μm to 300μm, for example, 10μm, 15μm, 20μm, 25μm, 30μm, 32μm, 45μm, 50μm, 65μm, 70μm, 80μm, 88μm, 96μm, 100μm, 125μm, 134μm, 150μm, 157μm, 169μm, 188μm, 195μm, 200μm, 234μm, 260μm, 275μm, 282μm, 295μm, etc., preferably 30μm to 300μm, preferably 100μm to 300μm.

[0030] The present application does not specifically limit the material of the nanowires to be oriented. Preferably, the nanowires to be oriented include any one of perovskite nanowires, silver nanowires, copper nanowires, silicon nanowires, and oxide nanowires, or a combination of at least two thereof.

[0031] The radial dimension of the nanowire is generally less than or equal to 500 nm, preferably less than or equal to 200 nm.

[0032] Preferably, the surface tension of the nanowire solution to be oriented is 15 mN / m to 30 mN / m, for example, 16 mN / m, 19 mN / m, 22 mN / m, 25 mN / m, 28 mN / m, etc.

[0033] Preferably, the solvent of the nanostructured solution to be oriented includes any one of n-octane, n-hexane, toluene, isopropanol, and ethanol, or a combination of at least two thereof.

[0034] The second object of this application is to provide a film prepared by the nanowire orientation method described in the first object, comprising a substrate and an oriented one-dimensional nanomaterial attached to the surface of the substrate.

[0035] The film can also be understood as a layered structure or an oriented nanowire array. The film can also be understood as a layered structure of a parallel array of one-dimensional nanomaterials formed by oriented one-dimensional nanomaterials.

[0036] Preferably, the orientation statistical half-width of the one-dimensional nanomaterial is 3.16° to 16°, for example, 3.5°, 4.0°, 4.5°, 5.0°, 5.5°, 6.0°, 6.5°, 7.0°, 7.5°, 8.0°, 8.5°, 9.0°, 9.5°, 10.0°, 10.5°, 11.0°, 11.5°, etc.

[0037] Preferably, the length of the one-dimensional nanomaterial is 5 μm to 300 μm, preferably 30 μm to 300 μm (for example, 32 μm, 45 μm, 57 μm, 65 μm, 74 μm, 88 μm, 96 μm, 106 μm, 125 μm, 134 μm, 148 μm, 157 μm, 169 μm, 188 μm, 195 μm, 224 μm, 234 μm, 264 μm, 275 μm, 282 μm, 295 μm, etc.), preferably 50 μm to 300 μm.

[0038] Preferably, the substrate is any one of a glass substrate, a silicon substrate, PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), and polyurethane, or a combination of at least two thereof.

[0039] The third purpose of this application is to provide a use of the film as described in the second purpose, wherein the film is used to make a polarized photoelectric device, preferably used as a functional layer of a polarized photoelectric device, and further preferably used as a light-emitting layer of a light-emitting diode or a photosensitive layer of a light detector.

[0040] The fourth object of the present application is to provide a polarized light-emitting diode, comprising the thin film as described in the second object, wherein a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer and an anode layer are arranged in sequence from near to far on one side of the thin film, and an electron transport layer and a cathode layer are arranged in sequence from near to far on the other side of the thin film.

[0041] The fifth object of the present application is to provide a polarized light detector, characterized in that the light detector includes the thin film as described in the third object, and conductive electrodes are respectively provided at both ends along the extension direction of the one-dimensional nanomaterial in the thin film.

[0042] Typically, the conductive electrode is deposited on a thin film by vapor deposition using a mask, and the electrode blocks are designed to be disposed at both ends of the one-dimensional nanomaterial.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] The present application realizes the orientation of one-dimensional nanowires by setting an orientation component, especially can orient ultra-long one-dimensional nanowires, and the orientation half-peak width can reach 3.16° to 16°. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the nanowire orientation device of Equipment Example 2;

[0046] Figure 2 The fluorescence microscope optical image and half-peak width statistical results of the ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer provided in Example 1;

[0047] Figure 3The fluorescence microscope optical image and half-peak width statistical results of the ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer provided in Comparative Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The technical solution of the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods. However, it should be noted that the specific implementation methods are only a specific implementation and explanation of the essence of the technical solution of the present invention and should not be understood as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] The reagents and instruments used in the examples can all be purchased from commercial products, and the detection methods are conventional methods well known in the art.

[0050] Device Instance 1

[0051] like Figure 1 ( Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the nanowire alignment device of device example 1) is shown, a nanowire alignment device, the alignment device comprising:

[0052] An orientation component comprising six orientation units, each comprising a fixture and 60 tapered flexible members (wolf hair brushes) fixed to the fixture and arranged side by side. The 60 tapered flexible members have a distribution width of 5 mm. Along the length direction D1 of the tapered flexible members, the tapered base of the tapered flexible members is fixed to the fixture, and the tapered tip is a free end. In a natural state, the axes of the tapered flexible members are arranged parallel to each other. The tapered flexible members are 18 mm long and have a diameter of 60 μm at the base. From the base to the tip, the tapered flexible members are divided into a main orientation region, an auxiliary orientation region, and a liquid supply region. The tapered flexible members in the orientation unit are arranged in a first arrangement direction D3.

[0053] The liquid supply component is arranged on the top of the orientation component and can supply liquid to the tapered flexible member.

[0054] Device Instance 2

[0055] A nanowire orientation device, such as Figure 1 ( Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the nanowire orientation device of device example 2) is shown, the orientation device includes:

[0056] An orientation component, comprising an orientation unit, each comprising a fixing member 200 and 20 tapered flexible members 100 (wolf hair brushes) arranged side by side and fixed to the fixing member 200, wherein the distribution width W of the 20 tapered flexible members 100 is 1.4 mm; along the length direction D1 of the tapered flexible member 100, the cone base 102 of the tapered flexible member is fixed to the fixing member 200, and the cone tip 101 is a free end. In a natural state, the axes of the tapered flexible member 100 are arranged parallel; the length of the tapered flexible member 100 is 12 mm, and the diameter of the cone base 102 is 60 μm; the tapered flexible member 100 is divided from the root to the tip into a main orientation region 110, an auxiliary orientation region 120, and a liquid supply region 130;

[0057] The liquid supply component is arranged on the top of the orientation component and can supply liquid to the tapered flexible member.

[0058] Device Instance 3

[0059] A nanowire orientation device, comprising:

[0060] An orientation component comprising four orientation units, each comprising a fixture and 60 tapered flexible members (wolf hair brushes) fixed to the fixture and arranged side by side. The 60 tapered flexible members have a distribution width of 1.3 mm. Along the length direction D1 of the tapered flexible members, the tapered base of the tapered flexible members is fixed to the fixture, and the tapered tip is a free end. In a natural state, the axes of the tapered flexible members are arranged parallel to each other. The tapered flexible members are 15 mm long and have a base diameter of 20 μm. From the base to the tip, the tapered flexible members are divided into a main orientation region, an auxiliary orientation region, and a liquid supply region. The tapered flexible members in the orientation unit are arranged in a first arrangement direction D3.

[0061] The liquid supply component is arranged on the top of the orientation component and can supply liquid to the tapered flexible member.

[0062] Comparison equipment example 1

[0063] A nanowire orientation device, comprising:

[0064] An orientation component comprising six orientation units, each comprising a fixture and 60 tapered flexible members (wolf hair brushes) fixed to the fixture and arranged side by side. The 60 tapered flexible members have a distribution width of 5 mm. Along the length direction D1 of the tapered flexible members, the cone base of the tapered flexible members is fixed to the fixture, the cone tip is a free end, and in a natural state, the axes of the tapered flexible members are arranged parallel to each other. The tapered flexible members are 1.5 mm long and have a cone base diameter of 100 μm.

[0065] The liquid supply component is arranged on the top of the orientation component and can supply liquid to the tapered flexible member.

[0066] In Comparative Device Example 1, the tapered flexible member is too short to form an effective main orientation region.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] A polarized light detector is prepared by the following method:

[0069] (1) Place the glass substrate in washing solution, deionized water, ethanol, acetone, and isopropanol in sequence and clean for 15 minutes each, then blow dry for later use;

[0070] (2) A dispersion of ultralong perovskite nanowires (200 μm in length) in n-hexane solvent with a surface tension of 18.4 mN / m;

[0071] (3) Using the nanowire orientation device provided in Equipment Example 1, supply liquid (the dispersion prepared in step 2) to the orientation component, and output the nanowire dispersion at a rate of 4 μL / s; then adjust the position of the orientation component and the substrate, and control the distance between the orientation component and the substrate so that the length of the main orientation region is 12 mm; at this time, the distance between the tapered flexible component and the substrate in the main orientation region is 0, and the angle is less than 2°; the angle between the auxiliary orientation region and the substrate is greater than 2°; in the main orientation region, the length of the liquid bridge region is 12 mm, and the width is 55-65 μm;

[0072] (4) The orientation component and the substrate are moved relative to each other along the D2 direction at a relative movement speed of 15 mm / s; D2 is perpendicular to D3, and D2 is perpendicular to D1; and an oriented ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer is obtained.

[0073] The half-peak width of the oriented ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer was measured by using the ImageJ (image processing software) plug-in OrientationJ to calculate the orientation information of the characteristic pixels; the measurement result was 3.54°, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 ( Figure 2 The fluorescence microscope optical image and half-peak width statistical results of the ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer provided in Example 1 are shown.

[0074] (5) A patterned mask was attached to the array of ultra-long perovskite nanowire layers; then, gold / chromium electrodes (the thickness of the gold electrode and the chromium electrode were 100 nm and 10 nm, respectively) were sequentially evaporated to obtain conductive electrodes, and a photoconductive polarization photodetector was obtained, with a photocurrent anisotropy ratio of up to (I max / I min )2.79.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] A polarized light detector is prepared by the following method:

[0077] (1) Place the glass substrate in washing solution, deionized water, ethanol, acetone, and isopropanol in sequence and clean for 15 minutes each, then blow dry for later use;

[0078] (2) A dispersion of ultralong perovskite nanowires (200 μm in length) in n-hexane solvent with a surface tension of 18.4 mN / m;

[0079] (3) Using the nanowire orientation device provided in Equipment Example 1, supply liquid (the dispersion prepared in step 2) to the orientation component, and output the nanowire dispersion at a rate of 4 μL / s; then adjust the position of the orientation component and the substrate, and control the distance between the orientation component and the substrate so that the length of the main orientation region is 12 mm; at this time, the distance between the tapered flexible component and the substrate in the main orientation region is 0, and the angle is less than 2°; the angle between the auxiliary orientation region and the substrate is greater than 2°; in the main orientation region, the length of the liquid bridge region is 12 mm, and the width is approximately 55 to 65 μm;

[0080] (4) The orientation component and the substrate are moved relative to each other along the direction D2 at a relative movement speed of 10 mm / s; D2 is perpendicular to D3, and D2 is perpendicular to D1; and an oriented ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer is obtained.

[0081] The half-peak width of the oriented ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer was measured by using the OrientationJ plug-in of ImageJ (image processing software) to calculate the orientation information of the characteristic pixels; the half-peak width was measured to be 4.75°.

[0082] (5) A patterned mask is attached to the array of the obtained ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer; then, chromium / gold electrodes (the thickness of the chromium electrode and the gold electrode are 10 nm and 100 nm, respectively) are evaporated in sequence to obtain conductive electrodes, thereby obtaining a photoconductive polarization photodetector.

[0083] Example 3

[0084] A polarized light detector differs from Example 1 only in that the position of the orientation component and the substrate is adjusted and the distance between the orientation component and the substrate is controlled so that the length of the main orientation area is 3 mm, the corresponding liquid bridge area length is also 3 mm, the width is 53 to 64 μm, and the half-peak width is 9.4°.

[0085] Example 4

[0086] A polarized light detector differs from Example 1 only in that the position of the orientation component and the substrate is adjusted, and the distance between the orientation component and the substrate is controlled so that the length of the main orientation area is 1 mm, the corresponding liquid bridge area length is also 1 mm, the width is 51 to 63 μm, and the half-peak width is 14.8°.

[0087] Example 5

[0088] A polarized light detector is prepared by the following method:

[0089] (1) Place the glass substrate in washing solution, deionized water, ethanol, acetone, and isopropanol in sequence and clean for 15 minutes each, then blow dry for later use;

[0090] (2) A dispersion of ultralong perovskite nanowires (200 μm in length) in n-hexane solvent with a surface tension of 18.4 mN / m;

[0091] (3) Using the nanowire orientation device provided in Equipment Example 3, supply liquid (the dispersion prepared in step 2) to the orientation component, and output the nanowire dispersion at a rate of 4 μL / s; then adjust the position of the orientation component and the substrate, and control the distance between the orientation component and the substrate so that the length of the main orientation region is 12 mm; at this time, the distance between the tapered flexible component and the substrate in the main orientation region is 0, and the angle is less than 2°; the angle between the auxiliary orientation region and the substrate is greater than 2°; in the main orientation region, the length of the liquid bridge region is 12 mm, and the width is 2 to 10 μm;

[0092] (4) The orientation component and the substrate are moved relative to each other along the direction D2 at a relative movement speed of 10 mm / s; D2 is perpendicular to D3, and D2 is perpendicular to D1; and an oriented ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer is obtained.

[0093] The half-peak width of the oriented ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer was measured by calculating the orientation information of the characteristic pixels using the OrientationJ plug-in of ImageJ (image processing software); the measurement result was 3.3°.

[0094] (5) Twelve patterned masks were attached to the array of the obtained ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer; then, gold / chromium electrodes (the thickness of the gold electrode and the chromium electrode were 100 nm and 10 nm, respectively) were evaporated in sequence to obtain a photoconductive polarization photodetector.

[0095] Example 6

[0096] A polarized light detector is prepared by the following method:

[0097] (1) Place the glass substrate in washing solution, deionized water, ethanol, acetone, and isopropanol in sequence and clean for 15 minutes each, then blow dry for later use;

[0098] (2) A dispersion of ultralong perovskite nanowires (length 100 μm) in n-octane solvent with a surface tension of 21.8 mN / m;

[0099] (3) Using the nanowire orientation device provided in Equipment Example 3, supply liquid (the dispersion prepared in step 2) to the orientation component, and output the nanowire dispersion at a rate of 2 μL / s; then adjust the position of the orientation component and the substrate, and control the distance between the orientation component and the substrate so that the length of the main orientation region is 3 mm; at this time, the distance between the tapered flexible component and the substrate in the main orientation region is 0, and the angle is less than 2°; the angle between the auxiliary orientation region and the substrate is greater than 2°; in the main orientation region, the length of the liquid bridge region is 3 mm, and the width is 2 to 7 μm;

[0100] (4) The orientation component and the substrate are moved relative to each other along the direction D2 at a relative movement speed of 2 mm / s; D2 is perpendicular to D3, and D2 is perpendicular to D1; and an oriented ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer is obtained.

[0101] The half-peak width of the oriented ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer was measured by calculating the orientation information of the characteristic pixels using the OrientationJ plug-in of ImageJ (image processing software); the measurement result was 6.6°.

[0102] (5) A patterned mask is attached to the array of the obtained ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer; then, gold / chromium electrodes (the thickness of the gold electrode and the chromium electrode are 100 nm and 10 nm, respectively) are evaporated in sequence to obtain a photoconductive polarization photodetector.

[0103] Example 7

[0104] A polarized light detector is prepared by the following method:

[0105] (1) Place the silicon substrate in washing solution, deionized water, ethanol, acetone, and isopropanol in sequence and clean for 15 minutes each, then blow dry for later use;

[0106] (2) A dispersion of ultralong perovskite nanowires (200 μm in length) in n-hexane solvent with a surface tension of 18.4 mN / m;

[0107] (3) Using the nanowire orientation device provided in Equipment Example 2, supply liquid (the dispersion prepared in step 2) to the orientation component, and output the nanowire dispersion at a rate of 0.5 μL / s; then adjust the position of the orientation component and the substrate, and control the distance between the orientation component and the substrate so that the length of the main orientation region is 12 mm; at this time, the distance between the tapered flexible component and the substrate in the main orientation region is 0, and the angle is less than 2°; the angle between the auxiliary orientation region and the substrate is greater than 2°; in the main orientation region, the length of the liquid bridge region is 12 mm, and the width is 95-105 μm;

[0108] (4) The orientation component and the substrate are moved relative to each other along the direction D2 at a relative movement speed of 10 mm / s; D2 is perpendicular to D3, and D2 is perpendicular to D1; and an oriented ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer is obtained.

[0109] The half-peak width of the oriented ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer was measured by calculating the orientation information of the characteristic pixels using the OrientationJ plug-in of ImageJ (image processing software); the measurement result was 7.5°.

[0110] (5) A patterned mask is attached to the array of the obtained ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer; then, gold / chromium electrodes (the thickness of the gold electrode and the chromium electrode are 100 nm and 10 nm, respectively) are evaporated in sequence to obtain a photoconductive polarization photodetector.

[0111] Example 8

[0112] A method for preparing a linearly polarized light-emitting diode:

[0113] (1) Place the ITO glass substrate in washing solution, deionized water, ethanol, acetone, and isopropanol in turn and clean for 15 minutes each, blow dry and set aside; place the above-mentioned substrate and the prepared film into a plasma cleaning machine for plasma treatment for 1 minute. Then place it on the glue machine suction cup, set the speed to 3000 rpm, then add 60μL of PEDOT:PSS solution in a static state, rotate for 45s, and then place the prepared film on a hot plate at 130°C (front side up), thermally anneal for 20min, and obtain a PEDOT:PSS film; place the obtained PEDOT:PSS film on the glue machine suction cup, set the speed to 3000 rpm for 45s, add PVK solution, and then place the substrate on a hot plate at 130° (front side up), thermally anneal for 20min, and obtain a substrate to be patterned;

[0114] (2) A dispersion of ultralong perovskite nanowires (200 μm in length) in n-hexane solvent with a surface tension of 18.4 mN / m;

[0115] (3) Using the nanowire orientation device provided in Equipment Example 1, supply liquid (the dispersion prepared in step 2) to the orientation component, and output the nanowire dispersion at a rate of 2.5 μL / s; then adjust the position of the orientation component and the substrate to be patterned, and control the distance between the orientation component and the substrate to be patterned so that the length of the main orientation region is 8 mm; at this time, the distance between the tapered flexible component and the substrate in the main orientation region is 0, and the angle is less than 2°; the angle between the auxiliary orientation region and the substrate to be patterned is greater than 2°; in the main orientation region, the length of the liquid bridge region is 8 mm, and the width is 54-64 μm;

[0116] (4) along the direction D2, the orientation component and the substrate to be patterned are moved relative to each other at a relative movement speed of 6 mm / s; D2 is perpendicular to D3, and D2 is perpendicular to D1; and an oriented ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer is obtained.

[0117] The half-peak width of the oriented ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer was measured by calculating the orientation information of the characteristic pixels using the OrientationJ plug-in of ImageJ (image processing software); the measurement result was 3.16°.

[0118] (5) The sample obtained in step (4) was placed on the chuck of a coating machine, the rotation speed was set to 3000 rpm, 60 μL of ZnO solution was added dropwise, and the film was rotated for 45 s. The film was then placed on a hot plate at 80°C (front side facing up) and thermally annealed for 20 min to obtain a ZnO film. A patterned mask was attached to the obtained ZnO film, and a silver electrode (thickness 100 nm) was evaporated to obtain a linearly polarized light-emitting diode with an electroluminescence polarization degree of up to 0.6.

[0119] Example 9

[0120] A method for preparing a transparent conductive film:

[0121] (1) Place the glass substrate / PET substrate in washing solution, deionized water, ethanol, acetone, and isopropanol in sequence and wash for 15 minutes each, then blow dry for later use;

[0122] (2) A dispersion of silver nanowires (length 10 μm) in isopropyl alcohol with a surface tension of 21.7 mN / m;

[0123] (3) Using the nanowire orientation device provided in Equipment Example 2, supply liquid (the dispersion prepared in step 2) to the orientation component, and output the nanowire dispersion at a rate of 4 μL / s; then adjust the position of the orientation component and the substrate, and control the distance between the orientation component and the substrate so that the length of the main orientation region is 5 mm; at this time, the distance between the tapered flexible component and the substrate in the main orientation region is 0, and the angle is less than 2°; the angle between the auxiliary orientation region and the substrate is greater than 2°; in the main orientation region, the length of the liquid bridge region is 5 mm, and the width is 96-104 μm;

[0124] (4) The orientation component and the substrate are moved relative to each other along the direction D2 at a relative movement speed of 10 mm / s; D2 is perpendicular to D3, and D2 is perpendicular to D1; and an oriented silver nanowire layer is obtained.

[0125] The half-peak width of the oriented ultra-long silver nanowire layer was measured by calculating the orientation information of the characteristic pixels using the OrientationJ plug-in of ImageJ (image processing software); the measurement result was 14°.

[0126] (5) A PEDOT:PSS layer was prepared on top of the obtained ultra-long silver nanowire layer by spin coating to obtain a flexible transparent electrode.

[0127] Example 10

[0128] A polarized light detector is prepared by the following method:

[0129] (1) Place the glass substrate in washing solution, deionized water, ethanol, acetone, and isopropanol in sequence and clean for 15 minutes each, then blow dry for later use;

[0130] (2) A dispersion of ultralong perovskite nanowires (300 μm in length) in n-hexane solvent with a surface tension of 18.4 mN / m;

[0131] (3) Using the nanowire orientation device provided in Equipment Example 1, supply liquid (the dispersion prepared in step 2) to the orientation component, and output the nanowire dispersion at a rate of 3 μL / s; then adjust the position of the orientation component and the substrate, and control the distance between the orientation component and the substrate so that the length of the main orientation region is 8 mm; at this time, the distance between the tapered flexible component and the substrate in the main orientation region is 0, and the angle is less than 2°; the angle between the auxiliary orientation region and the substrate is greater than 2°; in the main orientation region, the length of the liquid bridge region is 8 mm, and the width is 55-67 μm;

[0132] (4) The orientation component and the substrate are moved relative to each other along the direction D2 at a relative movement speed of 10 mm / s; D2 is perpendicular to D3, and D2 is perpendicular to D1; and an oriented ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer is obtained.

[0133] The half-peak width of the oriented ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer was measured by using the OrientationJ plug-in of ImageJ (image processing software) to calculate the orientation information of the characteristic pixels; the half-peak width was measured to be 3.4°.

[0134] (5) A patterned mask is attached to the array of the obtained ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer; then, chromium / gold electrodes (the thickness of the chromium electrode and the gold electrode are 10 nm and 100 nm, respectively) are sequentially evaporated to obtain a photoconductive polarization photodetector.

[0135] Comparative Example 1

[0136] A polarized light detector, which differs from Example 1 only in that the comparative device Example 1 is used instead of the device Example 1, and the position of the orientation component and the substrate is adjusted, and the distance between the orientation component and the substrate is controlled so that the orientation component moves as close to the substrate as possible. The half-peak width of the oriented ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer is measured, and the half-peak width is measured to be 22.54°. The results show that the prepared nanowire layer has problems such as aggregation distribution and poor orientation (such as Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 Fluorescence microscope optical image and half-peak width statistical results of the ultra-long perovskite nanowire layer provided for Comparative Example 1).

[0137] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for aligning nanowires, characterized in that: The nanowire alignment method comprises the following steps: (1) Providing an orientation component and a substrate, wherein the orientation component includes at least one orientation unit, wherein the orientation unit includes a fixing member and at least two conical flexible members fixed to the fixing member and arranged side by side, along the length direction D1 of the conical flexible member, the cone base of the conical flexible member is fixed to the fixing member, the cone tip is a free end, and the axes of the conical flexible members are arranged parallel to each other in a natural state; The tapered flexible member is divided into a main orientation area, an auxiliary orientation area and a liquid supply area from the root to the tip; (2) The alignment component stores the nanowire dispersion to be aligned and outputs the nanowire dispersion; (3) causing the orientation component to move relative to the substrate in a relative motion direction D2, causing the conical flexible member to deform, wherein the angle between the outer surface of the portion of the conical flexible member in the main orientation region and the surface of the substrate is α, α ≤ 2°; and the angle between the outer surface of the portion of the conical flexible member in the auxiliary orientation region and the surface of the substrate is β, and β> α; During the relative movement, the angle between the conical flexible component portion in the main orientation area and the substrate surface is maintained at ≤α; the arrangement direction of the conical flexible components of the same orientation unit is a first arrangement direction D3, the first arrangement direction D3 is perpendicular to the relative movement direction D2, and the first arrangement direction D3 is parallel to the substrate surface.

2. The nanowire alignment method according to claim 1, wherein: The relative motion speed in step (3) is 2 mm / s to 15 mm / s.

3. The nanowire alignment method according to claim 1, wherein: The output speed of the nanowire dispersion is 0.5 to 100 μL / s.

4. The nanowire alignment method according to claim 1, wherein: In the main orientation region, the distance between the tapered flexible member and the substrate is 0; The area between adjacent tapered flexible members is defined as the liquid bridge area; The length of the liquid bridge area along the length direction of the tapered flexible member is 1.5 mm to 12 mm; The width of the liquid bridge region is 2 μm to 500 μm.

5. The nanowire alignment method according to claim 1, wherein: In the main orientation region, the distance between the tapered flexible member and the substrate is 0; The area between adjacent tapered flexible members is defined as the liquid bridge area; The length of the liquid bridge area along the length direction of the tapered flexible member is 3 to 8 mm; The width of the liquid bridge region is 2 μm to 120 μm.

6. The nanowire alignment method according to claim 1, wherein: The orientation component includes at least two orientation units, and the roots of the orientation units are staggered along the direction of the relative movement direction D2; In the liquid supply area, a liquid storage space is formed between the tapered flexible members of the orientation component for storing the nanowire solution to be oriented; In the auxiliary orientation area, an orientation transition space is formed between the tapered flexible components of the orientation unit. Along the relative movement direction D2, the width of the orientation transition space gradually decreases to the width of the liquid bridge area, and the staggered tapered flexible components of adjacent orientation units gradually tend to be coplanar.

7. The nanowire alignment method according to claim 6, wherein: The numbers of tapered flexible members in different orientation units are the same or different.

8. The nanowire alignment method according to claim 1, wherein: The number of orientation units in the orientation component is 1 to 20.

9. The nanowire alignment method according to claim 1, wherein: The number of the tapered flexible components of the orientation unit is 2 to 200,000.

10. The nanowire alignment method according to claim 1, wherein: The length of the nanowire is 5 μm to 300 μm.

11. The nanowire alignment method according to claim 1, wherein: The length of the nanowire is 30 μm to 300 μm.

12. The nanowire alignment method according to claim 1, wherein: The length of the nanowire is 100 μm to 300 μm.

13. The method for aligning nanowires according to claim 1, wherein: The nanowires to be oriented include any one of perovskite nanowires, silver nanowires, copper nanowires, silicon nanowires, and oxide nanowires, or a combination of at least two thereof.

14. The nanowire alignment method according to claim 1, wherein: The surface tension of the nanowire solution to be oriented is 15 mN / m to 30 mN / m.

15. The nanowire alignment method according to claim 1, wherein: The solvent of the nano-solution to be oriented includes any one of n-octane, n-hexane, toluene, isopropanol, and ethanol, or a combination of at least two thereof.

16. A film prepared by the nanowire orientation method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that: The film comprises a substrate and an oriented one-dimensional nanomaterial attached to the surface of the substrate.

17. The film according to claim 16, wherein The orientation statistical half-peak width of the one-dimensional nanomaterial is 3.16° to 16°.

18. The film according to claim 16, wherein The length of the one-dimensional nanomaterial is 5 μm to 300 μm.

19. The film according to claim 16, wherein The length of the one-dimensional nanomaterial is 30 μm to 300 μm.

20. The film according to claim 16, wherein The length of the one-dimensional nanomaterial is 50 μm to 300 μm.

21. The film according to claim 16, wherein The substrate is any one of a glass substrate, a silicon substrate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyurethane, or a combination of at least two thereof.

22. Use of the film according to any one of claims 16 to 21, characterized in that: The film is used for preparing polarized optoelectronic devices.

23. The use according to claim 22, characterized in that The film is used as a functional layer in a polarized optoelectronic device.

24. The use according to claim 22, characterized in that The film is used as a light-emitting layer of a light-emitting diode or a photosensitive layer of a light detector.

25. A polarized light emitting diode, characterized in that: The light-emitting diode comprises a thin film as claimed in any one of claims 16 to 21, wherein a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer and an anode layer are sequentially arranged on one side of the thin film from near to far, and an electron transport layer and a cathode layer are sequentially arranged on the other side of the thin film from near to far.

26. A polarized light detector, characterized in that: The photodetector comprises the thin film according to any one of claims 16 to 21, and conductive electrodes are respectively provided at both ends along the extension direction of the one-dimensional nanomaterial in the thin film.

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