Marine fuel cell system with desalting and humidifying functions

Abstract

The invention relates to a marine fuel cell system with desalting and humidifying functions. The marine fuel cell system comprises an electric pile, a cooling path subsystem, an air path subsystem and a hydrogen path subsystem, the air path subsystem comprises an air filter, an air compressor, a bubbling desalting humidifier and a first water segregator, air sequentially passes through the air filter, the air compressor and the bubbling desalting humidifier and then enters the electric pile, the air reacts in the electric pile, and generated tail exhaust gas flows out of the electric pile and then passes through the first water segregator to complete gas-liquid separation. A bubbling desalting humidifier is arranged in an air path subsystem, gas makes full contact with water in the aeration mixing process, sodium chloride in the air is filtered out through the high water melting property of sodium chloride gas, liquid water in the bubbling desalting humidifier conducts aeration heat exchange, high-temperature dry air is changed into low-temperature wet air, and the low-temperature wet air is purified. The triple effects of humidifying, cooling and desalting the air entering the pile are achieved, and the problem that the service life of the pile is shortened due to pollution caused by the fact that sodium chloride enters the pile is effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, and in particular to a marine fuel cell system with desalination and humidification functions. Background Art

[0002] Fuel cells can directly convert the chemical energy of various fuels into electrical energy without combustion. They have the advantages of high efficiency, high power density, zero emissions, silent operation, high reliability, and low maintenance. They are considered to be the most promising power generation technology. Hydrogen fuel cell powered ships have become the main technical route for the shipbuilding industry to achieve green transformation due to their high efficiency, no pollution, and low noise in equipment operation.

[0003] CN116799250A discloses a high-efficiency desalination spray humidification system and control method for a marine fuel cell system. The high-efficiency desalination spray humidification system is set up to effectively remove salt from the ambient water, but the sodium chloride in the air is not processed. During the voyage of the ship, the fuel cell system operates for a long time, and the sodium chloride mixed in the air will still pollute the fuel cell stack.

[0004] CN118173821A discloses a marine fuel cell system that utilizes a ship water supply system for cooling. The system mainly uses the water produced by the fuel cell stack for humidification, domestic water, and direct drinking water. Cold water reservoirs and hot water reservoirs are provided to replace traditional cooling fans to reduce system energy consumption. However, since the liquid water in the circulation system needs to meet the needs of fuel cell stack cooling, domestic water, and drinking water at the same time, a large fresh water reservoir needs to be provided, which greatly occupies the hull space. At the same time, fresh water needs to be replenished regularly, thereby limiting the sailing distance.

[0005] In addition, the existing fuel cell system requires a complex hydrogen circuit, air circuit and cooling three-way subsystem to jointly maintain the water and heat management of the fuel cell system. The structure of each subsystem is complex and accompanied by large auxiliary energy consumption, which greatly reduces the efficiency of the fuel cell system. The utilization value of the waste heat of the fuel cell system is low, and the existing fuel cell system technology is insufficient in recovering and utilizing the waste heat of the fuel cell system.

[0006] Therefore, it is urgent to design a marine fuel cell system with desalination and humidification functions to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned existing technologies. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention provides a marine fuel cell system with desalination and humidification functions, and the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A marine fuel cell system with desalination and humidification functions, the marine fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell stack, a cooling circuit subsystem, an air circuit subsystem and a hydrogen circuit subsystem;

[0009] The air path subsystem includes an air filter, an air compressor, a bubbling desalination humidifier and a first water separator. The air passes through the air filter, the air compressor and the bubbling desalination humidifier in sequence and then enters the fuel cell stack. The air reacts in the fuel cell stack, and the tail gas generated flows out of the fuel cell stack and first passes through the first water separator to complete gas-liquid separation. The gas separated by the first water separator is discharged outside the fuel cell system.

[0010] The cooling circuit system includes an environmental water reservoir, a non-direct drinking hot water reservoir, a first water pump, a second water pump, a first thermostat and a first deionizing filter. The first water pump pumps out water from the non-direct drinking hot water reservoir, and the second water pump pumps out water from the environmental reservoir. The water from the non-direct drinking hot water reservoir and the water from the environmental reservoir are adjusted in temperature by the first thermostat, flow through the first deionizing filter, and enter the battery stack as a coolant. The coolant flows out of the battery stack and enters the non-direct drinking hot water reservoir.

[0011] Furthermore, the high-temperature dry air containing sodium chloride compressed by the air compressor enters from the air inlet at the lower end of the bubbling desalination humidifier, is aerated, heat-exchanged and humidified with the liquid water in the bubbling desalination humidifier, and after filtering the sodium chloride in the air, is discharged from the air outlet at the upper end of the bubbling desalination humidifier and enters the fuel cell stack to participate in the reaction. At the same time, the heated liquid water in the bubbling desalination humidifier enters the non-direct drinking hot water reservoir under the action of the third water pump.

[0012] Furthermore, the liquid water in the bubbling desalination humidifier is provided by an environmental water reservoir, and the water in the environmental water reservoir enters the bubbling desalination humidifier under the action of a fourth water pump.

[0013] Furthermore, the air path subsystem also includes a second water separator, which is arranged between the bubbling desalination humidifier and the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack. The air passes through the second water separator to complete gas-liquid separation. The gas separated by the second water separator enters the fuel cell stack, and the liquid separated by the second water separator enters the non-direct drinking hot water reservoir under the action of the fifth water pump.

[0014] Furthermore, the water in the environmental reservoir is provided by environmental water, and the environmental water enters the environmental reservoir after passing through the sixth water pump and the second deionization filter; the non-direct drinking hot water reservoir and the environmental reservoir are connected through a pipeline equipped with a one-way valve, and the non-direct drinking hot water reservoir replenishes water to the environmental reservoir.

[0015] Furthermore, the hydrogen circuit subsystem includes a hydrogen source, a hydrogen filter, a solenoid valve, an ejector, a third water distributor and a tail exhaust valve. The hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source passes through the hydrogen filter, the solenoid valve and the ejector in sequence and enters the fuel cell stack. After the unreacted hydrogen flows out of the fuel cell stack, it first passes through the third water distributor. The gas outlet of the third water distributor is connected to a T-shaped pipe, and one branch of the T-shaped pipe is connected to the ejector. The hydrogen flows back to the ejector and enters the fuel cell stack again. A tail exhaust valve is arranged on the other branch of the T-shaped pipe, and the tail exhaust valve is used to control whether the hydrogen is discharged.

[0016] Furthermore, the marine fuel cell system also includes a direct drinking water reservoir and a domestic water reservoir; water from the non-direct drinking water reservoir and the environmental reservoir enters the domestic water reservoir under the regulation of the second thermostat.

[0017] Furthermore, the liquid separated by the first water distributor first passes through the seventh water pump and then is filtered through the water purifier before entering the direct drinking water reservoir. The high-temperature liquid discharged from the tail of the air path system is recycled to replenish hot water for the direct drinking water reservoir. A one-way valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the first water distributor and the seventh water pump to ensure that the liquid in the first water distributor flows to the direct drinking water reservoir.

[0018] Furthermore, the liquid separated by the third water distributor first passes through the seventh water pump and then is filtered through the water purifier before entering the direct drinking water reservoir to recycle the tail high-temperature liquid of the hydrogen subsystem to replenish hot water for the direct drinking water reservoir. A one-way valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the third water distributor and the seventh water pump to ensure that the liquid in the third water distributor flows to the direct drinking water reservoir.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) By setting a bubbling desalination humidifier in the air path system, the air entering the pile is humidified by aeration. During the aeration and mixing process, the gas and water are fully in contact, and the sodium chloride in the air is filtered out by the high solubility of sodium chloride gas. The liquid water in the bubbling desalination humidifier is aerated and heat-exchanged, the temperature of the high-temperature dry air decreases, and the liquid water evaporates by heating, thereby converting the high-temperature dry air into low-temperature wet air. That is, the bubbling desalination humidifier completes the triple functions of humidification, cooling, and desalination of the air entering the pile. It effectively prevents the problem of reduced stack life caused by sodium chloride mixed in the air entering the stack and causing pollution.

[0021] (2) By coupling the cooling circuit system of the marine fuel cell system with the ship's water supply system, ambient water is introduced into the cooling circuit system, and the filtered ambient water is used to cool the system and provide domestic water. Therefore, only a small environmental water reservoir and a non-drinking hot water reservoir need to be set up on the ship to meet the requirements, effectively reducing the weight and volume of the system. When the system is short of water, it can be replenished in real time with external ambient water. There is no need to store too much fresh water, and there will be no problem of insufficient fresh water for cooling. The problem of limited sailing distance caused by the need to dock to replenish water is solved. While simplifying the stack cooling system, waste heat is utilized in domestic water to achieve cogeneration of heat and power, greatly improving the system's working efficiency.

[0022] (3) In addition, the present invention uses the liquid water discharged from the air circuit system and the hydrogen circuit system as the water source of the direct drinking water reservoir after filtering through a water purifier, which can fully meet the fresh water demand of the hull, making the hull system self-sufficient in fresh water without the need for external fresh water supplement.

[0023] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become obvious from the description, or be understood by implementing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures pointed out in the description and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of a marine fuel cell system with desalination and humidification functions according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0026] In the figure: 1. Hydrogen source; 2. Hydrogen filter; 3. Solenoid valve; 4. Ejector; 5. Fuel cell; 6. Third water distributor; 7. Tail valve; 8. First water distributor; 9. Seventh water pump; 10. Water purifier; 11. Direct drinking water reservoir; 12. Air filter; 13. Air compressor; 14. Bubble desalination humidifier; 15. Second water distributor; 16. Non-direct drinking water reservoir; 17. Third water pump; 18. First deionizing filter; 19. First thermostat; 20. First water pump; 21. Second water pump; 22. Second thermostat; 23. Domestic water reservoir; 24. Fourth water pump; 25. Environmental water reservoir; 26. Second deionizing filter; 27. Sixth water pump; 28. Environmental water; 29. ​​Fifth water pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] The embodiment of the present invention provides a marine fuel cell system with desalination and humidification functions, as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown, it includes a battery stack 5, a cooling circuit subsystem, an air circuit subsystem and a hydrogen circuit subsystem;

[0029] The air path subsystem includes an air filter 12, an air compressor 13, a bubbling desalination humidifier 14 and a first water separator 8. The air passes through the air filter 12, the air compressor 13 and the bubbling desalination humidifier 14 in sequence and then enters the fuel cell stack 5. The air reacts in the fuel cell stack 5, and the tail gas generated flows out of the fuel cell stack 5 and first passes through the first water separator 8 to complete gas-liquid separation. The gas separated by the first water separator 8 is discharged outside the fuel cell system.

[0030] The cooling circuit system includes an environmental water reservoir 25, a non-direct drinking water hot water reservoir 16, a first water pump 20, a second water pump 21, a first thermostat 19 and a first deionizing filter 18. The first water pump 20 pumps out water from the non-direct drinking water hot water reservoir 16, and the second water pump 21 pumps out water from the environmental water reservoir 25. The water from the non-direct drinking water hot water reservoir 16 and the water from the environmental water reservoir 25 are adjusted in temperature by the first thermostat 19, and then flow through the first deionizing filter 18 and enter the battery stack 5 as a coolant. The coolant flows out of the battery stack 5 and enters the non-direct drinking water hot water reservoir 16. A one-way valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the coolant outlet of the battery stack 5 and the non-direct drinking water hot water reservoir 16 to ensure that the liquid out of the stack flows from the coolant outlet to the non-direct drinking water hot water reservoir 16. The high-temperature liquid flowing out after the reaction of the fuel cell system is used as the water source of the non-direct drinking water hot water reservoir 16, which makes full use of the waste heat of the fuel cell system and reduces energy consumption.

[0031] When a ship is sailing on the sea, the air on the sea has a higher sodium chloride content than ordinary air. The high-temperature dry air containing sodium chloride compressed by the air compressor 13 enters from the air inlet at the lower end of the bubbling desalination humidifier 14, and is aerated, heat-exchanged and humidified with the liquid water in the bubbling desalination humidifier. The temperature of the high-temperature dry air drops, and the liquid water heats up and evaporates, thereby converting the high-temperature dry air into low-temperature wet air, which is discharged from the air outlet at the upper end of the bubbling desalination humidifier 14 and enters the fuel cell 5 to participate in the reaction. At the same time, the heated liquid water in the bubbling desalination humidifier 14 enters the non-direct drinking water hot water reservoir 16 under the action of the third water pump 17, so that the waste heat generated by the air compressor 13 can be utilized. At the same time, the sodium chloride in the high-temperature dry air is easily soluble in water. Under the action of aeration, the air and liquid water are fully contacted, and the sodium chloride in the air is fully filtered by the liquid water, thereby achieving the effect of air desalination.

[0032] The liquid water in the bubbling desalination humidifier 14 is provided by an environmental water reservoir 25 , and the water in the environmental water reservoir 25 enters the bubbling desalination humidifier 14 under the action of a fourth water pump 24 .

[0033] The air path subsystem also includes a second water separator 15, which is arranged between the bubbling desalination humidifier 14 and the cathode inlet of the stack 5. The air passes through the second water separator 15 to complete gas-liquid separation. The gas separated by the second water separator 15 enters the stack 5, and the liquid separated by the second water separator 15 enters the non-drinking hot water reservoir 16 under the action of the fifth water pump 29. The air desalinated and humidified by the bubbling desalination humidifier 14 may be mixed with liquid water, so it is necessary to separate the high-temperature liquid water therein through the water separator to ensure the stability of the stack operation;

[0034] The water in the environmental water reservoir 25 is provided by the environmental water 28, and the environmental water 28 enters the environmental water reservoir 25 after passing through the sixth water pump 27 and the second deionizing filter 26; the non-direct drinking hot water reservoir 16 and the environmental reservoir 25 are also connected by a pipeline provided with a one-way valve, and the non-direct drinking hot water reservoir 16 replenishes water to the environmental reservoir 25, repeatedly utilizing the liquid water circulation in the system to reduce the working pressure of the second deionizing filter 26.

[0035] The hydrogen circuit subsystem includes a hydrogen source 1, a hydrogen filter 2, a solenoid valve 3, an ejector 4, a third water distributor 6 and a tail valve 7. The hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source 1 passes through the hydrogen filter 2, the solenoid valve 3 and the ejector 4 in sequence and enters the fuel cell stack 5. After the unreacted hydrogen flows out of the fuel cell stack 5, it first passes through the third water distributor 6. The gas outlet of the third water distributor 6 is connected to a T-shaped pipe, and one branch of the T-shaped pipe is connected to the ejector 4. The hydrogen flows back to the ejector 4 and then enters the fuel cell stack 5 again. A tail valve 7 is provided on the other branch of the T-shaped pipe. The tail valve 7 is used to control whether the hydrogen is discharged;

[0036] The marine fuel cell system also includes a direct drinking water reservoir 11 and a domestic water reservoir 23;

[0037] The water from the non-drinking hot water reservoir 16 and the environmental water reservoir 25 enters the domestic water reservoir 23 under the regulation of the second thermostat 22;

[0038] The liquid separated by the first water distributor 8 first passes through the seventh water pump 9, and then is filtered by the water purifier 10 before entering the direct drinking water reservoir 11. The tail discharge high-temperature liquid of the air path system is recycled to replenish hot water for the direct drinking water reservoir 11, making full use of the waste heat of the system. A one-way valve is provided on the connecting pipe between the first water distributor 8 and the seventh water pump 9 to ensure that the liquid in the first water distributor 8 flows to the direct drinking water reservoir 11;

[0039] The liquid separated by the third water distributor 6 first passes through the seventh water pump 9, and then is filtered by the water purifier 10 before entering the direct drinking water reservoir 11. The tail discharge high-temperature liquid of the hydrogen circuit system is recycled to replenish hot water for the direct drinking water reservoir 11, making full use of the waste heat of the system. A one-way valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the third water distributor 6 and the seventh water pump 9 to ensure that the liquid in the third water distributor 6 flows to the direct drinking water reservoir 11.

[0040] The present invention provides a bubbling desalination humidifier 14 in the air path system, uses aeration to humidify the air entering the stack, and in the aeration mixing process, the gas is fully in contact with water, and the sodium chloride in the air is filtered out by utilizing the high solubility of sodium chloride gas. The liquid water in the bubbling desalination humidifier is aerated and heat-exchanged, and the temperature of the high-temperature dry air decreases, and the liquid water is heated and evaporated, thereby converting the high-temperature dry air into low-temperature wet air. That is, the bubbling desalination humidifier 14 completes the triple functions of humidification, cooling, and desalination of the air entering the stack, and effectively prevents the problem of reduced stack life caused by pollution caused by sodium chloride mixed in the air entering the stack.

[0041] By coupling the cooling circuit system of the marine fuel cell system with the ship's water supply system, ambient water is introduced into the cooling circuit system, and the filtered ambient water is used for system cooling and domestic water supply. Therefore, only a relatively small environmental water reservoir 25 and a non-drinking hot water reservoir 16 need to be set up on the ship to meet the requirements, effectively reducing the weight and volume of the system. When the system is short of water, it can be replenished in real time with external ambient water. There is no need to store too much fresh water, and there will be no problem of insufficient fresh water for cooling. The problem of limited sailing distance caused by the need to dock to replenish water is solved. While simplifying the stack cooling system, waste heat is utilized for domestic water to achieve cogeneration of heat and power, greatly improving the system's working efficiency.

[0042] In addition, the present invention uses the liquid water discharged from the air circuit system and the hydrogen circuit system as the water source of the direct drinking water reservoir 11 after filtering through the water purifier 10, which can fully meet the fresh water demand of the hull, making the hull system self-sufficient in fresh water without the need for external fresh water supplement.

[0043] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A marine fuel cell system with desalination and humidification functions, characterized in that: The marine fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack, a cooling circuit subsystem, an air circuit subsystem and a hydrogen circuit subsystem; The air path subsystem includes an air filter, an air compressor, a bubbling desalination humidifier and a first water separator. The air passes through the air filter, the air compressor and the bubbling desalination humidifier in sequence and then enters the fuel cell stack. The air reacts in the fuel cell stack, and the tail gas generated flows out of the fuel cell stack and first passes through the first water separator to complete gas-liquid separation. The gas separated by the first water separator is discharged outside the fuel cell system. The cooling circuit system includes an environmental water reservoir, a non-direct drinking hot water reservoir, a first water pump, a second water pump, a first thermostat and a first deionizing filter. The first water pump pumps out water from the non-direct drinking hot water reservoir, and the second water pump pumps out water from the environmental reservoir. The water from the non-direct drinking hot water reservoir and the water from the environmental reservoir are adjusted in temperature by the first thermostat, flow through the first deionizing filter, and enter the battery stack as a coolant. The coolant flows out of the battery stack and enters the non-direct drinking hot water reservoir.

2. The marine fuel cell system with desalination and humidification functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature dry air containing sodium chloride compressed by the air compressor enters from the air inlet at the lower end of the bubbling desalination humidifier, is aerated and humidified with the liquid water in the bubbling desalination humidifier through heat exchange, and after filtering the sodium chloride in the air, is discharged from the air outlet at the upper end of the bubbling desalination humidifier and enters the fuel cell stack to participate in the reaction. At the same time, the heated liquid water in the bubbling desalination humidifier enters the non-direct drinking hot water reservoir under the action of the third water pump.

3. The marine fuel cell system with desalination and humidification function as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The liquid water in the bubbling desalination humidifier is provided by an environmental water reservoir, and the water in the environmental water reservoir enters the bubbling desalination humidifier under the action of a fourth water pump.

4. The marine fuel cell system with desalination and humidification function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The air path system also includes a second water separator, which is arranged between the bubbling desalination humidifier and the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack. The air passes through the second water separator to complete gas-liquid separation. The gas separated by the second water separator enters the fuel cell stack, and the liquid separated by the second water separator enters the non-direct drinking hot water reservoir under the action of the fifth water pump.

5. The marine fuel cell system with desalination and humidification function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The water in the environmental reservoir is provided by environmental water, and the environmental water enters the environmental reservoir after passing through the sixth water pump and the second deionization filter; the non-direct drinking hot water reservoir and the environmental reservoir are connected through a pipeline equipped with a one-way valve, and the non-direct drinking hot water reservoir replenishes water to the environmental reservoir.

6. The marine fuel cell system with desalination and humidification functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen circuit subsystem includes a hydrogen source, a hydrogen filter, an electromagnetic valve, an ejector, a third water distributor and a tail exhaust valve. The hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source passes through the hydrogen filter, the electromagnetic valve and the ejector in sequence and enters the fuel cell stack. After the unreacted hydrogen flows out of the fuel cell stack, it first passes through the third water distributor. The gas outlet of the third water distributor is connected to a T-shaped pipe. One branch of the T-shaped pipe is connected to the ejector. The hydrogen flows back to the ejector and enters the fuel cell stack again. A tail exhaust valve is arranged on the other branch of the T-shaped pipe. The tail exhaust valve is used to control whether the hydrogen is discharged.

7. The marine fuel cell system with desalination and humidification function as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The marine fuel cell system also includes a direct drinking water reservoir and a domestic water reservoir; water from the non-direct drinking water reservoir and the environmental reservoir enters the domestic water reservoir under the regulation of the second thermostat.

8. The marine fuel cell system with desalination and humidification functions as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The liquid separated by the first water distributor first passes through the seventh water pump and then is filtered by the water purifier before entering the direct drinking water reservoir. The high-temperature liquid discharged from the tail of the air path system is recycled to replenish hot water for the direct drinking water reservoir. A one-way valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the first water distributor and the seventh water pump to ensure that the liquid in the first water distributor flows to the direct drinking water reservoir.

9. The marine fuel cell system with desalination and humidification function as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The liquid separated by the third water distributor first passes through the seventh water pump and then is filtered by the water purifier before entering the direct drinking water reservoir. The tail discharge high-temperature liquid of the hydrogen subsystem is recycled to replenish hot water for the direct drinking water reservoir. A one-way valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the third water distributor and the seventh water pump to ensure that the liquid in the third water distributor flows to the direct drinking water reservoir.

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