Four-arm helical antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to a four-arm helical antenna, which comprises a substrate, a feed oscillator and four helical arms, the feed oscillator is a dual-polarized symmetrical oscillator, the feed oscillator comprises four oscillator arms, the four oscillator arms are distributed on the substrate in an annular array mode, each two oscillator arms which are arranged in a central symmetry mode are combined to form a polarization unit, and the two polarization units feed signals which are equal in amplitude and have the phase difference of 90 degrees. The phase difference of signals formed by every two adjacent oscillator arms in the oscillator arm arrangement direction is 90 degrees; the four spiral arms are distributed on the feed oscillator in an annular array mode, one spiral arm corresponds to one oscillator arm of the feed oscillator, one end of each spiral arm is connected and conducted with the oscillator arm of the feed oscillator, all the spiral arms are spirally arranged around the central axis of the feed oscillator, and the spiral directions of all the spiral arms are the same. And the bandwidth of the four-arm helical antenna is greatly broadened in a mode of feeding through the feed oscillator, and the development of 6G broadband high-speed satellite communication is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of communication equipment, and in particular to a four-arm helical antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the development of mobile communications, the sixth generation of mobile communications is very likely to partially use an air-ground integrated approach, that is, at least part of the mobile communication network uses satellites to cover the ground network. Compared with the 5G network, 6G communications are expected to have higher-speed data connections, which requires 6G mobile communications to have a wider frequency band. Communication satellites generally use circularly polarized electromagnetic waves to transmit signals. The four-arm helical antenna is considered to be one of the preferred antennas for circularly polarized communications with a wide bandwidth and high gain.

[0003] like Figure 1 As shown, the four spiral arms 1' of the existing four-arm spiral antenna are directly fed by a feeding circuit 2', which is composed of a one-to-four power divider and a phase shifter to feed signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees to the four spiral arms 1'. In the conventional design of the antenna, the frequency range of the reflection coefficient curve of the antenna in the scattering parameter diagram (S parameter diagram) below -10dB is the working bandwidth of the antenna; Figure 2 Shown is a scattering parameter diagram of an existing four-arm helical antenna. From the diagram, it can be seen that the reflection coefficient curve of the existing four-arm helical antenna is relatively narrow in the frequency range below -10dB, making it difficult for the existing four-arm helical antenna to meet the bandwidth requirements of 6G broadband high-speed satellite communications. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a four-arm helical antenna having the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design, wide working bandwidth of the antenna, etc.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a four-arm helical antenna, comprising a substrate, a feeding dipole and four spiral arms; the feeding dipole is a dual-polarization symmetrical dipole, the feeding dipole comprises four dipole arms, the four dipole arms are arranged on the substrate in a circular array, two dipole arms arranged symmetrically at the center form a polarization unit, the two polarization units are respectively fed with signals with equal amplitudes and a phase difference of 90 degrees, so that the phase difference of the signals formed by two adjacent dipole arms in the arrangement direction of the dipole arms is 90 degrees; the four spiral arms are arranged on the feeding dipole in a circular array, one spiral arm corresponds to one dipole arm of the feeding dipole, one end of the spiral arm is connected and conducted with the dipole arm of the feeding dipole, each spiral arm is arranged in a spiral around the central axis of the feeding dipole, and each spiral arm has the same spiral direction.

[0006] Working principle of the present invention:

[0007] By adding a feeding dipole and connecting the four spiral arms to the four dipole arms of the feeding dipole one by one, the overall impedance matching of the antenna can be improved and the reflection coefficient can be smaller, thereby widening the working bandwidth of the antenna.

[0008] Furthermore, in a four-arm helical antenna as described above, the feeding vibrator also includes a dielectric plate and four feeding connection posts; the dielectric plate is arranged parallel to the substrate; the four vibrator arms of the feeding vibrator are all arranged on the side of the dielectric plate facing away from the substrate; one feeding connection post corresponds to one vibrator arm, one end of the feeding connection post is connected to the substrate, and the other end of the feeding connection post passes through the dielectric plate and is connected to the vibrator arm for conduction, and the end of the feeding connection post close to the substrate is the feeding access end.

[0009] Furthermore, in the aforementioned four-arm helical antenna, ends of the helical arms away from the substrate are not connected to each other.

[0010] Furthermore, in the aforementioned four-arm helical antenna, the ends of each of the two adjacent helical arms that are away from the substrate are connected and conducted via a short-circuit branch.

[0011] Furthermore, the aforementioned four-arm helical antenna further includes a supporting structure, which is a cylinder or a cylindrical body, and the supporting structure is fixed on the feeding vibrator, and the four helical arms are respectively connected and fixed to the outer circumference of the supporting structure.

[0012] Furthermore, in the aforementioned four-arm helical antenna, the connection position between each spiral arm and its corresponding dipole arm is arranged close to the center position of the dipole arm.

[0013] Furthermore, in the aforementioned four-arm helical antenna, the helical diameter of the helical arm is 1 / 4 of the working wavelength, and the length of each polarization unit of the feeding element is 1 / 2 of the working wavelength.

[0014] Furthermore, in the aforementioned four-arm helical antenna, the height of the helical arms is in the range of 0.1 to 1.5 working wavelengths.

[0015] Furthermore, in the aforementioned four-arm helical antenna, the pitch of the helical arms is within the range of 0.1 to 1.5 working wavelengths.

[0016] Furthermore, in the aforementioned four-arm helical antenna, the feeding element is a dual-polarization patch.

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: by feeding through the feeding vibrator, the bandwidth of the four-arm helical antenna is greatly broadened, which is conducive to the development of 6G broadband and high-speed satellite communications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an existing four-arm helical antenna in the background technology;

[0019] Figure 2 is a scattering parameter diagram of an existing quadrifilar helical antenna in the background technology;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of Example 1;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of Example 1 after the support structure is removed;

[0022] Figure 5 It is the front view of Example 1;

[0023] Figure 6 is a top view of Example 1;

[0024] Figure 7 is the scattering parameter diagram of Example 1;

[0025] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of Example 2;

[0026] Description of reference numerals:

[0027] 1'-spiral arm; 2'-feeding circuit;

[0028] 1-substrate; 2-feeding vibrator; 21-vibrator arm; 3-spiral arm; 4-support structure; 5-short-circuit branch; 6-dielectric plate; 7-feeding connecting column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] like Figures 3 to 6A four-arm helical antenna of embodiment 1 comprises a substrate 1, a feeding dipole 2 and four spiral arms 3; the feeding dipole 2 is a dual-polarization patch, the feeding dipole 2 comprises four dipole arms 21, the four dipole arms 21 are arranged on the substrate 1 in a circular array, two dipole arms 21 arranged symmetrically with respect to each other constitute a polarization unit, the length D1 of each polarization unit is 1 / 2 working wavelength, two polarization units are respectively fed with signals with equal amplitude and a phase difference of 90°, so that the phase difference of the signals formed by two adjacent dipole arms 21 in the arrangement direction of the dipole arms 21 is 90°; the four spiral arms 3 are arranged on the feeding dipole 2 in a circular array, one spiral arm 3 corresponds to one dipole arm 21 of the feeding dipole 2, one end of the spiral arm 3 is connected and conducted with the dipole arm 21 of the feeding dipole 2, each spiral arm 3 is arranged spirally around the central axis of the feeding dipole 2, and each spiral arm 3 has the same spiral direction. The connection position between each spiral arm 3 and its corresponding dipole arm 21 is arranged near the center position of the dipole arm 21. The ends of each spiral arm 3 away from the substrate 1 are not connected to each other, so that the four-arm spiral antenna has an open-end structure. The spiral diameter D2 of each spiral arm 3 is 1 / 4 of the working wavelength, the height H1 is 0.6 of the working wavelength, and the pitch is 0.6 of the working wavelength.

[0032] like Figures 3 to 5 As shown, this embodiment also includes a dielectric plate 6 and four feeding connection posts 7; the dielectric plate 6 is arranged in parallel with the substrate 1; the four dipole arms 21 of the feeding vibrator 2 are all arranged on the side of the dielectric plate 6 facing away from the substrate 1; one feeding connection post 7 corresponds to one dipole arm 21, one end of the feeding connection post 7 is connected to the substrate 1, and the other end of the feeding connection post 7 is connected and conducted with the dipole arm 21 after passing through the dielectric plate 6, and the end of the feeding connection post 7 close to the substrate 1 is the feeding access end. When in use, the feeding access end of one of the feeding connection posts 7 corresponding to each of the two polarization units is electrically connected to the external signal source through a coaxial cable and the phase difference is 90°, and the two dipole arms 21 of the same polarization unit are connected and conducted, so as to provide a signal with a phase difference of 90° for the two polarization units of the feeding vibrator 2, that is, the four dipole arms 21 of the feeding vibrator 2 are sequentially fed with a signal with a phase difference of 90° according to the arrangement direction.

[0033] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment also includes a support structure 4, which is a cylindrical body, fixed on the feeding vibrator 2, and the four spiral arms 3 are respectively connected and fixed to the outer circumference of the support structure 4. By providing the support structure 4, the structural strength of each spiral arm 3 can be higher, less prone to deformation, and the stability of the antenna is improved.

[0034] Through the above structure, the four-arm helical antenna can have the following characteristics: Figure 7From the scattering parameter diagram shown in the figure, it can be seen that the reflection coefficient curve of the four-arm helical antenna is relatively wide in the frequency range below -10dB; it can be seen that the way in which the four spiral arms 3 are fed through the feeding vibrator 2 greatly broadens the bandwidth of the four-arm helical antenna, which is beneficial to the development of 6G broadband and high-speed satellite communications.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] like Figure 8 This is a four-arm helical antenna of Example 2. The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the ends of each of the two adjacent helical arms 3 that are away from the substrate 1 are connected and conducted through a short-circuit branch 5, so that the four-arm helical antenna forms a terminal short-circuit structure, and the four short-circuit branches 5 are sequentially connected end to end and spliced ​​into a ring structure. The height of the spiral arm 3 is 0.4 working wavelengths, and the pitch is 0.7 working wavelengths. Compared with Example 1, the ends of each of the two adjacent spiral arms 3 are connected and conducted through the short-circuit branch 5, which can improve the impedance matching of the antenna, and can also make the four spiral arms 3 form an integral structure with higher structural strength, without the need for additional support structures and not easy to deform.

[0037] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications, combinations and variations. Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A four-arm helical antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises a substrate, a feeding vibrator and four spiral arms; the feeding vibrator is a dual-polarization symmetrical vibrator, the feeding vibrator comprises four vibrator arms, the four vibrator arms are arranged on the substrate in a circular array, two vibrator arms arranged symmetrically with respect to the center constitute a polarization unit, the two polarization units respectively feed signals with equal amplitude and a phase difference of 90°, so that the phase difference of the signals formed by two adjacent vibrator arms in the arrangement direction of the vibrator arms is 90°; the four spiral arms are arranged on the feeding vibrator in a circular array, one spiral arm corresponds to one vibrator arm of the feeding vibrator, one end of the spiral arm is connected and conducted with the vibrator arm of the feeding vibrator, each spiral arm is arranged in a spiral around the central axis of the feeding vibrator, and each spiral arm has the same spiral direction.

2. A four-arm helical antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a dielectric plate and four feeding connection columns; the dielectric plate is arranged parallel to the substrate; the four vibrator arms of the feeding vibrator are all arranged on the side of the dielectric plate facing away from the substrate; one feeding connection column corresponds to one vibrator arm, one end of the feeding connection column is connected to the substrate, and the other end of the feeding connection column is connected to the vibrator arm after passing through the dielectric plate, and the end of the feeding connection column close to the substrate is the feeding access end.

3. A four-arm helical antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Ends of the spiral arms that are away from the substrate are not connected to each other.

4. A four-arm helical antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The ends of each of the two adjacent spiral arms that are away from the substrate are connected and conducted via a short-circuit branch.

5. A four-arm helical antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a supporting structure, which is a cylinder or a barrel. The supporting structure is fixed on the feeding vibrator, and the four spiral arms are respectively connected and fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the supporting structure.

6. A four-arm helical antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The connection position between each spiral arm and its corresponding vibrator arm is arranged close to the center position of the vibrator arm.

7. A four-arm helical antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral diameter of the spiral arm is 1 / 4 of the working wavelength, and the length of each polarization unit of the feeding oscillator is 1 / 2 of the working wavelength.

8. A four-arm helical antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the spiral arm is in the range of 0.1 to 1.5 working wavelengths.

9. A four-arm helical antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The pitch of the spiral arm is within the range of 0.1 to 1.5 working wavelengths.

10. The quadrifilar helical antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding vibrator is a dual-polarization patch.

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