Sorghum single ear threshing and cleaning device

Abstract

The invention discloses a sorghum single-ear threshing and cleaning device in the field of processing equipment of gramineous crops, the sorghum single-ear threshing and cleaning device comprises a conveying mechanism, a threshing mechanism and a cleaning mechanism, the conveying mechanism is provided with a plurality of fixing parts used for fixing sorghum single-ear straw parts, the threshing mechanism comprises two threshing plates which are aligned up and down, and the cleaning mechanism is arranged on the threshing plates. A plurality of threshing teeth are evenly distributed on the surfaces of the opposite sides of the two threshing plates, guide plates are arranged at the two ends of the lower threshing plate, a plurality of leaking holes are evenly formed in the lower threshing plate, and the conveying mechanism, the guide plates and the lower threshing plate are arranged in parallel. The cleaning mechanism is located below the threshing mechanism, and grains and straw powder are separated in an air blowing mode. The threshing teeth are arranged on the threshing rack, grains are more accurately threshed under the pulling action between the threshing teeth and sorghum ears, serious crushing of sorghum straws is avoided, the threshed grains are cleaner, and the cleaned grains are full, so that the sorghum seeds are easier to select.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of processing equipment for gramineous crops, and in particular relates to a sorghum single ear threshing and cleaning device. Background Art

[0002] Sorghum is a cereal crop consisting of sorghum stalks and grains. Before planting sorghum, in order to cultivate good sorghum varieties, sorghum needs to be bred. The most important step in breeding is to select sorghum seeds. The grains need to be separated from the sorghum stalks, and then the threshed grains are sampled for breeding. The traditional method is to manually hold the sorghum stalks and repeatedly beat the sorghum ears against the inner wall of the container. The grains fall off the sorghum stalks under the action of the impact force. However, the manual efficiency is low and the labor intensity is high. Frequent swinging of arms and shoulders during the beating process is prone to shoulder pain. Therefore, the need to design a sorghum threshing device is the best way to solve this problem. Using machinery instead of manual labor can improve efficiency and free hands.

[0003] At present, the common threshing equipment has similar structures. The principle is to thresh the grains by beating. For example, the sorghum single ear threshing device with announcement number CN205727139U adopts a technical solution that a feed port is arranged on the top of the shell, a threshing drum is arranged below the feed port, a hammer is arranged on the threshing drum, a separation drum is arranged below the threshing drum, a coarse material screen is arranged between the threshing drum and the separation drum, a rotating shaft is arranged in the separation drum, a spiral blade is arranged on the rotating shaft, and a bottom of the separation drum is provided with a threshing drum. The part is provided with a plurality of discharge holes, the end of the separation cylinder is provided with a discharge pipe, and the central axis and the rotating shaft of the threshing drum are connected to the motor through a belt; the utility model is widely used for threshing sorghum, and the sorghum ears are put into the feed port, and the sorghum ears are broken by the hammer head for threshing, and the removed grains and debris enter the separation cylinder through the coarse material screen, and after entering the separation cylinder, the grains fall through the discharge holes, and the debris is thrown out through the discharge pipe under the action of the spiral blades, so as to achieve the separation of debris and grains. In the process of beating the sorghum ears by the hammer head, the straw will also be broken to varying degrees, and the smaller straw fragments are difficult to separate from the grains, resulting in more straw fragments still mixed in the grains, which increases the subsequent separation links and is not conducive to improving work efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a sorghum single ear threshing and cleaning device with improved threshing efficiency, so as to solve the problem that a large amount of straw fragments are mixed in the grains processed by the sorghum single ear threshing device in the prior art.

[0005] A sorghum single ear threshing and cleaning device in this scheme comprises a conveying mechanism, a threshing mechanism and a cleaning mechanism, wherein the conveying mechanism is provided with a plurality of fixing parts for fixing the stalk part of a sorghum single ear, the threshing mechanism comprises two threshing plates positioned up and down, a plurality of threshing teeth are evenly distributed on the surfaces of the opposite sides of the two threshing plates, guide plates are provided at both ends of the lower threshing plate, a plurality of leakage holes are evenly distributed on the lower threshing plate, the conveying mechanism is arranged in parallel with the guide plates and the lower threshing plate; the cleaning mechanism is located below the threshing mechanism, and separates the grains and the straw fragments by blowing air.

[0006] The working principle of this scheme is: the sorghum ear enters between the two threshing plates. In the process of the sorghum ear moving from one end of the threshing plate to the other end, the grains on the sorghum ear pass through a number of threshing teeth and are pulled to fall from the sorghum stalks and drop down from the leakage holes.

[0007] The texture of full grains is heavier than that of straw fragments and empty shells. By utilizing this characteristic, the straw fragments and empty shells mixed in the leaked grains can be blown away by blowing air, while the grains fall down and are collected when the gravity is greater than the wind force.

[0008] The sorghum stalks are fixed to the running chain through the fixing part, and the sorghum ears are laid flat on the guide plate corresponding to the starting position of the conveying direction. During the rotation of the chain in the circulating direction, the fixing part moves along with it, dragging the single sorghum ear between the two threshing plates.

[0009] The beneficial technical effects of this solution are:

[0010] 1. This solution uses the pulling effect between the threshing teeth and the sorghum ears to more accurately remove the grains without causing serious crushing of the sorghum stalks. Most of the grains that are pulled and pulled off are a small amount of grain stalks or smaller straw fragments, so the removed grains are relatively clean.

[0011] 2. A small amount of grain stalks, smaller straw fragments and empty shells are blown away by the wind and are efficiently separated from the grains. The grains collected at last are cleaner and all the collected grains are full and usable.

[0012] 3. Since the grains collected after cleaning are relatively full, it is easier to select sorghum seeds.

[0013] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism includes two sprockets and chains sleeved on the two sprockets, one of the sprockets is connected to a motor, and the fixing part is connected to the chain.

[0014] A common transmission mechanism is a conveyor belt, but this application does not choose a conveyor belt but a chain. The chain is convenient for welding or bolting the fixed part, which will not cause damage to the chain and the connection of the fixed part is more secure. If a conveyor belt is used, the fixed part needs to be bonded to the conveyor belt. When a pulling force is generated between the threshing teeth and the sorghum ears, this force frequently acts on the bonding point between the fixed part and the conveyor belt, which easily causes the bonding part to fall off firmly, increasing the frequency of downtime for maintenance, which is not conducive to improving work efficiency.

[0015] Furthermore, the fixing part includes a mounting plate and a spring sheet, the mounting plate is connected to the chain, one end of the spring sheet facing the transmission direction is rotatably connected to the mounting plate, and a spring for bouncing up the spring sheet is provided at the rotating connection, the other end of the spring sheet is connected to a laterally bouncing buckle, and a card is connected to the mounting plate, and the card is provided with a card hole for the card to be inserted into.

[0016] After the spring clip pops up, the straw part of a single sorghum ear is manually placed on the mounting plate, and then the spring clip is pressed down. The buckle on the spring clip shifts laterally inward when passing through the card, and then shifts outward when continuing to pass through the card hole, and then the buckle is snapped into the card hole, thereby quickly and stably fixing the straw.

[0017] Furthermore, the card is parallel to the conveying direction, the card hole on the card is perpendicular to the conveying direction, and the buckle is arranged on the side of the spring sheet parallel to the conveying direction; a pressing block is arranged at the feeding end in the conveying direction, and the top of the pressing block is located directly above the chain, and when the popped-up spring sheet passes through the pressing block, the buckle on the spring sheet is pressed into the card hole; an extrusion block is arranged at the discharging end in the conveying direction, and the extrusion block is located on the side of the chain away from the guide plate, and when the fixing part passes through the extrusion block, the extrusion block squeezes the buckle, and the spring sheet is popped up after the buckle withdraws from the card hole.

[0018] The implementation of this solution does not require manual pressing of the spring sheet to fix the sorghum stalks, nor does it require manual withdrawal of the buckle from the clamp hole, thereby improving the degree of automation of the device. When the threshed sorghum stalks come out from between the two threshing plates, the fixing part passes through the extrusion block, which squeezes the buckle. After the buckle withdraws from the clamp hole, the spring sheet is bounced up. When the circulation reaches the feeding position, the spring sheet is always open under the support of the spring, which is convenient for workers to put the sorghum stalks on the installation sheet. They only need to put it on. When the spring sheet passes through the pressing block, the spring sheet is passively pressed down, and the buckle is pressed into the clamp hole.

[0019] Furthermore, the cleaning mechanism includes a fan, a collecting frame for containing grains and a collecting box for containing straw fragments. The collecting frame is located directly below the threshing plate and between the fan and the collecting box. The collecting box is located on the opposite side of the fan. A connecting port is provided between the collecting box and the collecting frame, and the connecting port is located directly opposite the fan.

[0020] The separated grain stalks, smaller straw fragments and empty shells are collected together, which reduces the frequency of cleaning around the device in the later stage and is also conducive to maintaining a good comfort level of the production environment during the production process.

[0021] Furthermore, the threshing teeth on the two threshing plates are arranged in an interlaced manner, which is more conducive to completely removing the grains from the straw.

[0022] Furthermore, the threshing plate at the bottom is arranged horizontally, and the threshing plate at the top is arranged obliquely, and the distance between the two threshing plates gradually decreases from the direction where the sorghum ear enters the threshing plate to the direction where the sorghum ear exits the threshing plate. As the stalk ear moves forward, more and more grains fall off, the thickness of the sorghum ear becomes smaller and smaller, and the grains in the middle of the sorghum ear are easier to fall off when passing through the narrower shedding plates.

[0023] Furthermore, a vibrator is connected to the bottom of the threshing plate located below, and the lower threshing plate is connected to the frame through a vibration spring, and the reciprocating direction is the same as the conveying direction of the conveying mechanism. The lower threshing plate reciprocates with a small amplitude to promote the fallen grains, grain stalks, smaller straw fragments, and empty shells to fall from the leaking holes, and the space between the two threshing plates is emptied in time, which is conducive to the threshing of the next bunch of sorghum ears. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a front view of a sorghum single ear threshing and cleaning device of the present invention with the collecting box and the guide plate hidden;

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Left view after adding the collection box;

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0029] Figure 6 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point D in the middle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0031] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: frame 1, chain 2, sprocket 3, connecting shaft 4, collecting frame 5, fan 6, lower pressure block 7, threshing teeth 8, upper threshing plate 9, lower threshing plate 10, leakage hole 101, vibration spring 11, air inlet 12, fixing part 13, card hole 131, card 132, buckle 133, mounting plate 134, spring 135, spring 136, air outlet pipe 14, extrusion block 15, extrusion protrusion 151, and collecting box 16.

[0032] Embodiment 1 is basically as attached Figures 1 to 6 As shown: a sorghum single ear threshing and cleaning device comprises a frame 1, a conveying mechanism, a threshing mechanism and a cleaning mechanism. The conveying mechanism and the threshing mechanism are installed in parallel on the frame 1, the cleaning mechanism is located below the threshing mechanism, and a side plate is provided on the side of the frame 1.

[0033] The transmission mechanism includes two sprockets 3 and a chain 2 sleeved on the two sprockets 3, wherein one of the sprockets 3 is connected to a motor, which is mounted on a side plate, and the two sprockets 3 are rotatably connected to the side plate via a connecting shaft 4. A plurality of fixing parts 13 are provided at intervals in the length direction of the chain 2. The fixing part 13 includes a mounting plate 134 and a spring 135, wherein the mounting plate 134 is welded or connected to the chain 2 by screws, wherein one end of the spring 135 facing the transmission direction is rotatably connected to the mounting plate 134, and a spring 136 for bouncing up the spring 135 is provided at the rotational connection, and the other end of the spring 135 is connected to a laterally bouncing buckle 133, wherein the buckle 133 is located on a side of the spring 135 away from the threshing plate, and a card 132 is connected to the mounting plate 134, wherein the card 132 is parallel to the transmission direction, and a card hole 131 for the buckle 133 to be inserted is provided on the card 132; in the transmission direction A "7"-shaped pressing block 7 is provided at the feeding end, the lower end of the pressing block 7 is connected to the frame 1, and the upper end of the pressing block 7 is located directly above the chain 2. When the popped-up spring piece 135 passes through the pressing block 7, the buckle 133 on the spring piece 135 is pressed into the clamping hole 131; a squeezing block 15 is provided at the discharging end in the conveying direction, and a squeezing protrusion 151 is provided on the squeezing block 15. The squeezing block 15 is located on the side of the chain 2 away from the guide plate. When the fixing portion 13 passes through the squeezing block 15, the squeezing protrusion 151 squeezes the buckle 133. After the buckle 133 withdraws from the clamping hole 131, the spring piece 135 is popped up.

[0034] The threshing mechanism includes two threshing plates positioned up and down, namely, an upper threshing plate 9 and a lower threshing plate 10. The surfaces of the two threshing plates on opposite sides are evenly distributed with a plurality of threshing teeth 8. The threshing teeth 8 on the two threshing plates are staggered with each other. The lower threshing plate 10 is horizontally arranged, and the upper threshing plate 9 is inclined, and the inclination direction is downwardly inclined along the conveying direction, so the spacing between the upper threshing plate 9 and the lower threshing plate 10 gradually decreases from the walking direction of the conveying mechanism, and the end with a larger spacing is the feeding end, and the end with a smaller spacing is the discharging end. The bottom of the lower threshing plate 10 is connected to a vibrator, and the lower threshing plate 10 is connected to the frame 1 through a vibration spring 11, and the reciprocating direction is the same as the conveying direction of the conveying mechanism.

[0035] The left and right ends of the lower threshing plate 10 are provided with guide plates parallel to the ground (in order to see the structure of the chain more clearly, the guide plates are omitted in the figure), the guide plates are connected to the frame, the surface of the guide plates is smooth, the upper surface of the left guide plate is slightly higher than the upper surface of the lower threshing plate 10, and the upper surface of the right guide plate is slightly lower than the upper surface of the lower threshing plate 10. There are also a number of leakage holes 101 on the lower threshing plate 10, and the conveying direction of the conveying mechanism is parallel to the extension direction of the guide plate and the lower threshing plate.

[0036] The cleaning mechanism is located below the threshing mechanism and separates the grains from the straw fragments by blowing. Specifically, the cleaning mechanism includes a fan 6, a collection frame 5 for containing the grains, and a collection box 16 for containing the straw fragments. The fan 6 is connected to a duckbill-shaped air outlet pipe 14. The collection frame 5 is located directly below the threshing plate and between the air outlet pipe 14 and the collection box 16. The collection box 16 is located on the opposite side of the fan 6. The collection box 16 is provided with an air inlet 12 on one side of the fan 6. The position of the air inlet 12 is higher than the top of the collection frame 5.

[0037] When the present solution is implemented, after the fixing part 13 comes out from the discharging end and passes through the extrusion block 15, the extrusion protrusion 151 squeezes the buckle 133, and after the buckle 133 withdraws from the clamping hole 131, the spring piece 135 is popped up to prepare for the next placement of the sorghum ear (the state is as follows Figure 5 As shown), the fixing part 13 opened by the spring sheet 135 is manually placed on the mounting plate 134 before passing the feeding end, and the sorghum ear is laid on the guide plate. When passing the pressing block 7, the spring sheet 135 is passively pressed down, and the buckle 133 is pressed into the clamping hole 131, thereby fixing the sorghum ear stalk part (the state is as shown in FIG. Figure 3 The rightmost fixing portion 13 is shown).

[0038] When the sorghum ear moves from the feeding end to the discharging end of the threshing plate, the grains on the sorghum ear are pulled by the force when passing through the threshing teeth 8 and fall from the sorghum stalks and drop down from the leakage holes 101. The texture of full grains is heavier than that of straw fragments and empty grain shells. By utilizing this characteristic, the fan 6 is turned on to blow away the straw fragments and empty grain shells mixed in the leaked grains by blowing air, and the grains fall down when the gravity is greater than the wind force and are collected in the collection frame 5, while the straw fragments and empty grain shells are blown away into the collection box 16.

[0039] When the threshed sorghum stalks come out from between the two threshing plates, the fixing portion 13 passes through the extrusion block 15, and the extrusion block 15 squeezes the buckle 133. After the buckle 133 withdraws from the clamping hole 131, the spring piece 135 is bounced up. When it circulates to the feeding position, the spring piece 135 is always open under the support of the spring 136, which makes it convenient for workers to put the sorghum stalks on the mounting piece 134. They just need to put it on. When the spring piece 135 passes through the pressing block 7, the spring piece 135 is passively pressed down, and the buckle 133 is pressed into the clamping hole 131, and the cycle is repeated.

[0040] The beneficial technical effects of this solution are:

[0041] 1. This solution utilizes the pulling effect between the threshing teeth 8 and the sorghum ears to more accurately drop the grains without causing serious crushing of the sorghum stalks. Most of the grains that are pulled and pulled are a small amount of grain stalks or smaller straw fragments, so the dropped grains are relatively clean.

[0042] 2. A small amount of grain stalks, smaller straw fragments and empty shells are blown away by the wind and are efficiently separated from the grains. The grains collected at last are cleaner and all the collected grains are full and usable.

[0043] 3. The grains after cleaning are relatively full, so it is easier to choose sorghum seeds.

[0044] Embodiment 2: The difference between this solution and embodiment 1 is that the guide plate can be replaced by a conveyor belt.

Claims

1. A sorghum single ear threshing and cleaning device, characterized in that: It includes a conveying mechanism, a threshing mechanism and a cleaning mechanism. The conveying mechanism is provided with a plurality of fixing parts for fixing the position of a single ear of sorghum straw. The threshing mechanism includes two threshing plates positioned up and down. The surfaces of the opposite sides of the two threshing plates are evenly distributed with a plurality of threshing teeth. Guide plates are provided at both ends of the lower threshing plate. The lower threshing plate is also evenly provided with a plurality of leakage holes. The conveying mechanism is arranged in parallel with the guide plate and the lower threshing plate. The cleaning mechanism is located below the threshing mechanism and separates the grains and straw fragments by blowing air.

2. A sorghum single ear threshing and cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism comprises two sprocket wheels and chains sleeved on the two sprocket wheels, one of the sprocket wheels is connected to a motor, and a fixing part is connected to the chain.

3. A sorghum single ear threshing and cleaning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixing part includes a mounting plate and a spring sheet. The mounting plate is connected to the chain. One end of the spring sheet facing the transmission direction is rotatably connected to the mounting plate, and a spring for bouncing the spring sheet is provided at the rotational connection. The other end of the spring sheet is connected to a laterally bouncing buckle. A card is connected to the mounting plate, and a card hole is provided on the card for the buckle to be inserted into.

4. The sorghum single ear threshing and cleaning device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The card is parallel to the conveying direction, the card hole on the card is perpendicular to the conveying direction, and the buckle is arranged on the side of the spring sheet parallel to the conveying direction; a pressing block is arranged at the feeding end in the conveying direction, and the top of the pressing block is located directly above the chain, and when the popped-up spring sheet passes through the pressing block, the buckle on the spring sheet is pressed into the card hole; an extrusion block is arranged at the discharging end in the conveying direction, and the extrusion block is located on the side of the chain away from the guide plate, and when the fixing part passes through the extrusion block, the extrusion block squeezes the buckle, and the spring sheet is popped up after the buckle withdraws from the card hole.

5. A sorghum ear threshing and cleaning device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism includes a fan, a collecting frame for containing grains and a collecting box for containing straw fragments. The collecting frame is located directly below the threshing plate and between the fan and the collecting box. The collecting box is located on the opposite side of the fan. A connecting port is provided between the collecting box and the collecting frame, and the connecting port is located directly opposite the fan.

6. A sorghum ear threshing and cleaning device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The threshing teeth on the two threshing plates are arranged in an interlaced manner.

7. A sorghum ear threshing and cleaning device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The lower threshing board is arranged horizontally, and the upper threshing board is arranged obliquely, and the distance between the two threshing boards gradually decreases from the direction in which a single ear of sorghum enters the threshing board to the direction in which a single ear of sorghum exits the threshing board.

8. A sorghum ear threshing and cleaning device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The bottom of the threshing plate located below is connected with a vibrator, and the lower threshing plate is connected to the frame through a vibrating spring, and the reciprocating direction is the same as the conveying direction of the conveying mechanism.

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