Multifunctional threshing device

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of threshing and separating machinery, and discloses a multifunctional threshing device which comprises a shell, and a main shaft, a spike tooth assembly, a screen assembly, a hollow shaft and a planetary gear mechanism are arranged in the shell. The spike tooth assembly comprises a spike tooth adjusting mechanism and a plurality of threshing rods, the spike tooth adjusting mechanism comprises a center plate, a worm and gear speed reducing motor, a driving gear, an adjusting gear, a transmission bevel gear and a plurality of reducing mechanisms, each reducing mechanism comprises a lead screw, a sliding block and a driven bevel gear, and an output shaft of the worm and gear speed reducing motor is fixedly sleeved with the driving gear. The end of the lead screw is fixedly sleeved with a driven bevel gear. The screen assembly comprises an inner-layer screen, an outer-layer screen and an arc-shaped rack. A sun gear of the planetary gear mechanism is fixedly arranged on the hollow shaft in a sleeving mode, and an outer tooth face is machined on the outer side of a gear ring of the planetary gear mechanism and meshed with the arc-shaped rack. According to the multifunctional threshing device, the sizes of the threshing gaps and the threshing holes can be synchronously adjusted through the worm and gear speed reducing motor, and the threshing use requirements of different crops are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of threshing and separation machinery, in particular to a multifunctional threshing device. Background Art

[0003] Traditional threshing devices are mainly divided into spike-tooth type and bow-tooth type, among which spike-tooth threshing devices are mainly used in full-feed combine harvesters, and bow-tooth threshing devices are mainly used in semi-feed combine harvesters. The threshing device of traditional harvesters was used earlier, and the threshing gap setting of its threshing drum was generally designed based on the general physical characteristics of the target crop. At the beginning of its design, it did not consider the threshing drum of a harvester to adapt to the harvesting of different crops or crops in some special growth environments. Although this fixed-diameter separation drum is widely used in threshing devices, it is not suitable for threshing and separation of crops of different types and varieties because the diameter and threshing gap of its threshing drum are fixed. For example, when harvesting rice, the rice harvesting net rate is poor and the loss rate is large due to the differences in varieties and regions. When harvesting across varieties or regions, it is often necessary to replace threshing devices of different specifications. This operation method not only wastes rice harvesting time, but also the purchase of spare parts for threshing devices of multiple specifications increases the harvesting cost of rice. In addition, if the traditional threshing device is blocked by straw or the threshing gear rod is deformed during the harvesting process, it will be completely stuck and difficult to clean and repair.

[0004] In this regard, relevant scholars have continued to conduct in-depth research in the field of threshing and separation, but related research has mainly focused on the adjustment of the threshing gap. In recent years, there have also been threshing devices with variable diameter adjustment of the threshing gear rod. This type of threshing device directly drives the threshing gear rod to extend and retract through the lever principle or motor, and can adjust the diameter of the threshing gear rod to change the threshing gap between the bow teeth or spike teeth and the inner wall of the threshing drum to suit the threshing separation of crops of different sizes. This single adjustment of the threshing gap is more applicable to cross-regional harvesting of the same crop, but it is difficult to achieve multiple uses of one machine for different crops such as rice, wheat, and soybeans; because even if the threshing gap is adjustable to meet the threshing gap requirements of different crops, in order to achieve multiple uses of one machine for threshing crops with larger physical characteristics, it is necessary to replace key components such as the screen, which is not only cumbersome to operate, but also greatly increases the threshing cost. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a multifunctional threshing device, which can realize the adjustment of the threshing gap and the screen aperture, and can be adjusted to be suitable for threshing and separation of crops of different types and varieties, thereby reducing the cost caused by replacing threshing bar teeth or screens, and at the same time facilitating threshing and separation of different crops. The threshing gap and the size of the screen aperture can be adjusted to achieve better threshing element working parameters, thereby improving the threshing rate of crop threshing operations and reducing the damage rate.

[0006] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A multifunctional threshing device comprises a housing, a main shaft is rotatably arranged in the housing, and a spike assembly, a screen assembly, a hollow shaft and a planetary gear mechanism are also arranged in the housing; The spike tooth assembly includes a spike tooth adjustment mechanism and a plurality of threshing rods, the spike tooth adjustment mechanism includes a web plate, a worm gear reduction motor, a driving gear, an adjusting gear, a transmission bevel gear and a plurality of diameter reducing mechanisms, the web plate is fixedly sleeved on the main shaft, a plurality of the diameter reducing mechanisms are evenly distributed on the web plate, the worm gear reduction motor is fixedly mounted on the web plate, the driving gear is fixedly sleeved on the output end of the worm gear reduction motor, the adjusting gear is rotatably sleeved on the main shaft, the driving gear is meshed with the adjusting gear, and the diameter reducing mechanism includes a screw rod, a slider and a driven bevel gear The wheel, the screw rod is rotatably mounted on the web plate, the slider is threadedly connected to the screw rod, the slider is slidably connected to the web plate and can slide along the radial direction of the web plate, the end of the screw rod is fixedly sleeved with a driven bevel gear, the transmission bevel gear is coaxially fixedly connected to the adjusting gear, the driven bevel gear is meshed with the transmission bevel gear, the worm gear reduction motor, the driving gear, the adjusting gear, the transmission bevel gear and the diameter reducing mechanism are all arranged on one side of the web plate, the threshing rod is arranged on the other side of the web plate, and one end of a plurality of the threshing rods is respectively fixedly connected to a plurality of the sliders; The screen assembly comprises an inner screen, an outer screen and an arc-shaped rack, the cross sections of the inner screen and the outer screen are both arc-shaped, the inner screen and the outer screen are sequentially arranged below the spike tooth assembly, the inner screen, the outer screen and the main shaft are arranged concentrically, the inner screen is fixedly connected to the shell, the inner wall of the outer screen is close to and slidably connected to the outer wall of the inner screen, the inner screen and the outer screen are respectively processed with a plurality of mutually adapted sieve holes, one end of the arc-shaped rack is fixedly connected to the outer screen, and the inner side of the arc-shaped rack is processed with a tooth portion; The hollow shaft is rotatably sleeved on the main shaft, one end of the hollow shaft is fixedly connected to the adjusting gear, the sun gear of the planetary gear mechanism is fixedly sleeved on the other end of the hollow shaft, the planet carrier of the planetary gear mechanism is rotatably connected to the housing, and the outer side of the gear ring of the planetary gear mechanism is processed with an external tooth surface, and the external tooth surface is meshed with the tooth portion.

[0007] Specifically, it also includes a screen locking screw and a planet carrier locking screw, the screen locking screw is threadedly connected to the shell, one end of the screen locking screw passes through the shell and can be pressed against the outer side of the arc-shaped rack; a brake disc is provided at the end of the planet carrier away from the hollow shaft, a reaction plate is fixedly connected to the shell, the planet carrier locking screw is threadedly connected to the reaction plate, one end of the planet carrier locking screw passes through the reaction plate and can press the brake disc against the planet carrier and the shell.

[0008] Specifically, the spike tooth assembly includes two spike tooth adjustment mechanisms, the two spike tooth adjustment mechanisms are symmetrically arranged, and the two worm gear reduction motors are respectively arranged on both sides of the main shaft.

[0009] Specifically, the spike assembly also includes a feeding end protection cover and a debris removal end protection cover; One end of the feeding end protection cover is arranged close to the planetary gear mechanism, and the other end of the feeding end protection cover is fixedly connected to the web plate close to the planetary gear mechanism. In the spike tooth adjustment mechanism close to the planetary gear mechanism, the worm gear reduction motor, the driving gear, the adjustment gear, the transmission bevel gear and the diameter reducing mechanism are all arranged in the feeding end protection cover, and a plurality of spiral blades are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the feeding end protection cover; One end of the waste discharge end protection cover is fixedly connected to the web plate away from the planetary gear mechanism, and the other end of the waste discharge end protection cover is arranged close to the inner wall of the casing. In the spike tooth adjustment mechanism away from the planetary gear mechanism, the worm gear reduction motor, the driving gear, the adjustment gear, the transmission bevel gear and the diameter reducing mechanism are all arranged in the waste discharge end protection cover, and a plurality of inclined blades are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the waste discharge end protection cover.

[0010] Specifically, the shell includes an upper shell and a lower shell, the inner screen is fixedly connected to the lower shell, the upper shell and the lower shell are buckled and detachably connected, both ends of the upper shell and the lower shell are processed with mutually matching semicircular grooves, and the main shaft is rotatably arranged in the semicircular groove through a bearing.

[0011] Specifically, the upper casing is in a hollow semi-cylindrical shape that matches the shape of the inner screen, and a feed port is provided on the upper casing, and the feed port is arranged opposite to the feeding end protective cover.

[0012] Specifically, a debris discharge port is provided at the bottom of one end of the lower housing close to the debris discharge end protection cover.

[0013] Specifically, a cylinder is provided at the bottom end of the lower casing, the cylinder is parallel to the main axis, the upper side of the cylinder is connected to the interior of the lower casing, a material receiving port is provided on the lower side of the cylinder, an auger is rotatably provided in the cylinder, and the material receiving port is provided at one end of the auger away from the feeding end protective cover.

[0014] Specifically, it also includes a threshing motor, a belt A and a belt B. A driving pulley is fixedly provided on the output shaft of the threshing motor, an intermediate pulley is fixedly provided on one end of the auger, the driving pulley and the intermediate pulley are connected through the belt A transmission, one end of the main shaft extends out of the shell and is fixedly provided with a driven pulley, and the intermediate pulley and the driven pulley are connected through the belt B transmission.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The multifunctional threshing device comprises a housing, in which a main shaft, a spike tooth assembly, a screen assembly, a hollow shaft and a planetary gear mechanism are arranged. The spike tooth assembly comprises a spike tooth adjustment mechanism and a plurality of threshing rods, the spike tooth adjustment mechanism comprises a web plate, a worm gear reduction motor, a driving gear, an adjusting gear, a transmission bevel gear and a plurality of diameter reducing mechanisms, the diameter reducing mechanism comprises a screw rod, a slider and a driven bevel gear, the web plate is fixedly sleeved on the main shaft, the worm gear reduction motor is mounted on the web plate, a driving gear is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the worm gear reduction motor, the adjusting gear is rotatably sleeved on the main shaft, the transmission bevel gear is coaxially fixedly connected with the adjusting gear, and a driven bevel gear is fixedly sleeved on the end of the screw rod; the screen assembly comprises an inner screen, an outer screen and an arc-shaped rack, The inner screen and the outer screen are arranged in sequence below the spike tooth assembly, the inner screen is fixedly connected to the shell, the inner wall of the outer screen is close to and slidably connected to the outer wall of the inner screen, the inner screen and the outer screen are respectively processed with a number of mutually adaptive screen holes, and the arc rack is fixedly connected to the outer screen; the hollow shaft is rotatably sleeved on the main shaft, one end of the hollow shaft is fixedly connected to the adjusting gear, the sun gear of the planetary gear mechanism is fixedly sleeved on the other end of the hollow shaft, the planetary carrier of the planetary gear mechanism is rotatably connected to the shell, and the outer side of the gear ring of the planetary gear mechanism is processed with an external tooth surface and meshes with the arc rack.

[0016] When the multifunctional threshing device is adjusted, the planet carrier of the planetary gear mechanism is fixed, and after the worm gear reduction motor is started, on the one hand, the screws in the diameter-changing mechanisms can be driven to rotate through the driving gear, the adjusting gear, the transmission bevel gear, and the driven bevel gear, and under the action of the screw nut mechanism, each slider drives each threshing rod to synchronously move toward the middle or away from the surroundings, so that the diameter adjustment of the spike tooth component can be achieved, that is, the threshing gap between the top tooth end of the threshing rod and the inner screen can be adjusted; on the other hand, the gear ring can be driven to rotate through the driving gear, the adjusting gear, the hollow shaft, and the sun gear, and then the outer screen can be driven to slide through the arc rack, so that the screen holes on the inner screen and the outer screen are misaligned, and the size of the screen hole penetration part on the two screens, that is, the threshing hole, can be adjusted. It can be seen that the multifunctional threshing device can realize the synchronous adjustment of the threshing gap and the size of the threshing hole, can be suitable for the threshing needs of different crops, and reduces the cost caused by replacing the threshing rod teeth or the screen when changing different crops. At the same time, when threshing and separating different crops, this method can achieve better threshing element working parameters by simultaneously adjusting the threshing gap and the size of the threshing hole, thereby improving the threshing rate of the crop threshing operation and reducing the damage rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a multifunctional threshing device of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The structure shown is a schematic diagram of the structure after the upper casing is removed; Figure 3 for Figure 2 The structure shown is a schematic diagram of the structure after the main shaft, spike assembly, hollow shaft and planetary gear mechanism are removed; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure inside the lower casing of a multifunctional threshing device of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of a main shaft, a spike tooth assembly, a screen assembly, a hollow shaft and a planetary gear mechanism in a multifunctional threshing device of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the structure after the spike assembly is removed; Figure 7 The internal structure of the spike assembly in the multifunctional threshing device of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ; Figure 8 The internal structure of the spike assembly in the multifunctional threshing device of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ; In the figure, 1-upper casing, 2-lower casing, 3-main shaft, 4-hollow shaft, 5-threshing rod, 6-width plate, 7-worm gear reduction motor, 8-driving gear, 9-adjusting gear, 10-transmission bevel gear, 11-screw, 12-slider, 13-driven bevel gear, 14-inner screen, 15-outer screen, 16-arc rack, 17-sun gear, 18-planet carrier, 19-gear ring, 20-screen locking screw, 21-planet carrier locking screw, 22-brake disc, 23-feeding end protection cover, 24-discharge end protection cover, 25-feeding port, 26-discharge port, 27-cylinder, 28-auger, 29-receiving port, 30-threshing motor, 31-belt A, 32-belt B. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.

[0019] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a multifunctional threshing device comprises a shell, in which a main shaft 3 is rotatably arranged, and a spike assembly, a screen assembly, a hollow shaft 4 and a planetary gear mechanism are also arranged in the shell.

[0020] like Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the spike tooth assembly includes a spike tooth adjustment mechanism and a plurality of threshing rods 5. The spike tooth adjustment mechanism includes a web plate 6, a worm gear reduction motor 7, a driving gear 8, an adjusting gear 9, a transmission bevel gear 10 and a plurality of diameter reducing mechanisms. The web plate 6 is fixedly sleeved on the main shaft 3, and the plurality of diameter reducing mechanisms are evenly distributed on the web plate 6. The worm gear reduction motor 7 is fixedly mounted on the web plate 6, the driving gear 8 is fixedly sleeved on the output end of the worm gear reduction motor 7, the adjusting gear 9 is rotatably sleeved on the main shaft 3, and the driving gear 8 is meshed with the adjusting gear 9. The above-mentioned diameter-changing mechanism includes a screw rod 11, a slider 12 and a driven bevel gear 13. The screw rod 11 is rotatably mounted on the web 6. The slider 12 is threadedly connected to the screw rod 11. The slider 12 is slidably connected to the web 6 and can slide along the radial direction of the web 6. The end of the screw rod 11 is fixedly sleeved with a driven bevel gear 13. The transmission bevel gear 10 is coaxially fixedly connected with the adjustment gear 9, and the driven bevel gear 13 is meshed with the transmission bevel gear 10. When the main shaft 3 is fixed, starting the worm gear reduction motor 7 can drive the driving gear 8 to rotate, and then the adjustment gear 9 and the transmission bevel gear 10 can be driven to rotate on the main shaft 3 through the meshing of the driving gear 8, and then the driven bevel gears 13 can be driven to rotate through the meshing of the transmission bevel gear 10, so that each screw rod 11 can be driven to rotate synchronously. Since the screw rod 11 and the slider 12 constitute a screw-slider mechanism, each slider 12 can slide synchronously toward the center or away from the surroundings.

[0021] In the spike tooth adjustment mechanism, the worm gear reduction motor 7, the driving gear 8, the adjusting gear 9, the transmission bevel gear 10 and the diameter reducing mechanisms are all arranged on one side of the web 6, and the threshing rods 5 are arranged on the other side of the web 6, and one end of each threshing rod 5 is respectively fixedly connected to each slider 12. The threshing rods 5 are parallel to each other and are evenly distributed around the main shaft 3, so that the top tooth assembly is formed into a drum structure as a whole. According to the above, when the main shaft 3 is fixed and the worm gear reduction motor 7 is started, the sliders 12 can be driven to move toward the center or away from the surroundings synchronously, and then the threshing rods 5 can be driven to move toward or away from the main shaft 3 synchronously, thereby realizing the diameter adjustment of the drum structure.

[0022] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the aforementioned screen assembly includes an inner screen 14, an outer screen 15 and an arc-shaped rack 16. The cross-sections of the inner screen 14 and the outer screen 15 are both arc-shaped. The inner screen 14 and the outer screen 15 are sequentially arranged below the spike assembly. The inner screen 14, the outer screen 15 and the main shaft 3 are arranged concentrically. The inner screen 14 is fixedly connected to the housing. The inner wall of the outer screen 15 is close to and slidably connected to the outer wall of the inner screen 14. The inner screen 14 and the outer screen 15 are respectively processed with a plurality of mutually adapted sieve holes, and the sieve holes are in the shape of long holes. When the outer screen 15 slides relative to the inner screen 14, the sieve holes on the two screens are misaligned, and the size of the through part (i.e., the threshing hole) can be changed. One end of the arc-shaped rack 16 is fixedly connected to the outer screen 15, and the inner side of the arc-shaped rack 16 is processed with a tooth portion.

[0023] The hollow shaft 4 is rotatably sleeved on the main shaft, and one end of the hollow shaft 4 is fixedly connected to the adjustment gear 9. The aforementioned planetary gear mechanism adopts a typical structure including a sun gear 17, a planet carrier 18, a ring gear 19 and a plurality of planetary gears, wherein the sun gear 17 is fixedly sleeved on one end of the hollow shaft 4 away from the adjustment gear 9, the planet carrier 18 is rotatably connected to the housing, and an outer tooth surface is processed on the outer side of the ring gear 19, which meshes with the tooth portion of the arc-shaped rack 16. When the main shaft 3 is fixed and the worm gear reduction motor 7 is started, the adjustment gear 9 can also drive the hollow shaft 4 and the sun gear 17 to rotate at the same time, and the planet carrier 18 is fixed to the housing during the adjustment process, and the ring gear 19 can be driven to rotate with the rotation of the sun gear 17, and the arc-shaped rack 16 can be further driven to rotate under the meshing action, so that the outer screen 15 can be driven to slide on the outer side of the inner screen 14 to achieve the adjustment of the size of the threshing hole.

[0024] Before the threshing operation of the multifunctional threshing device, the worm gear reducer motor 7 stops running. Due to its self-locking property, the threshing gap that has been adjusted can be maintained; the ring gear 19 is fixed to the housing to maintain the adjusted threshing hole size, and the fixing relationship between the planet carrier 18 and the housing in the aforementioned adjustment process is released, so that it can rotate freely. During the threshing operation, the main shaft 3 is continuously rotated. Due to the self-locking property of the worm gear reducer motor 7, and the self-locking property of the screw nut mechanism composed of the screw 11 and the slider 12, the main shaft 3, the spike teeth assembly and the hollow shaft 4 form a whole and rotate together. The spike teeth installed on the threshing rod 5 can hit the crops in the housing to achieve threshing separation, and the separated products are discharged downward through the threshing hole. During the operation, when the sun gear 17 rotates with the hollow shaft 4, the planet carrier 18 can rotate freely, and the threshing operation can be carried out smoothly while keeping the ring gear 19 fixed. In addition, the introduction of the planetary gear mechanism can also alleviate the stress impact on the bearings at both ends of the main shaft 3 during the threshing operation to a certain extent.

[0025] The multifunctional threshing device can be applied to the threshing needs of different crops. When it stops working (i.e. the main shaft 3 is fixed), the diameter adjustment of the spike assembly and the adjustment of the threshing hole size in the screen assembly can be realized simultaneously through the worm gear reduction motor 7 in the aforementioned manner. The threshing gap (the gap between the end of the spike installed on the threshing rod 5 and the inner screen 14) and the threshing hole size can be synchronously adjusted according to the size specifications of crops of different types and varieties. When changing different crops, the cost caused by replacing the threshing rod teeth or the screen is reduced. At the same time, when threshing and separating different crops, by adjusting the threshing gap and the threshing hole size at the same time, it is also conducive to achieving better threshing element working parameters, improving the threshing rate of crop threshing operations and reducing the damage rate. In addition, when general blocking situations such as straw blockage occur, it can also be directly cleaned by repeatedly adjusting the threshing gap and the threshing hole size.

[0026] Specifically, Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6 As shown, a screen locking screw 20 and a planet carrier locking screw 21 are also provided. The screen locking screw 20 is threadedly connected to the housing, one end of the screen locking screw 20 passes through the housing and can be pressed against the outer side of the arc rack 16. Tightening the screen locking screw 20 can press the arc rack 16 against the ring gear 19, so as to achieve relative fixation of the ring gear 19, the arc rack 16 and the housing. A brake disc 22 is provided at one end of the planet carrier 18 away from the hollow shaft 4, and a reaction plate is fixedly connected to the housing. One end of the planet carrier locking screw 21 passes through the reaction plate and is threadedly connected to the reaction plate. When the planet carrier locking screw 21 is tightened, its end can press the brake disc 22 against the planet carrier 18 and the housing, and the friction braking of the brake disc 22 can make the planet carrier 18 relatively fixed to the housing.

[0027] Specifically, Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the aforementioned spike tooth assembly includes two spike tooth adjustment mechanisms, which are symmetrically arranged, and the threshing rod 5 is installed between the two spike tooth adjustment mechanisms, so that the spike tooth assembly forms a cage structure to ensure its working stability; during adjustment, the worm gear reduction motors 7 of the two top tooth adjustment mechanisms are synchronously controlled to make the two ends of the top tooth assembly synchronously variable in diameter to ensure accuracy. Further, the two worm gear reduction motors 7 are respectively arranged on both sides of the main shaft 3, that is, the two are arranged at an angle of 180 degrees in the circumferential direction of the main shaft 3, so as to reduce the impact and vibration of the threshing device caused by the eccentric force during threshing operation, and reduce the stress impact on the bearings at both ends of the main shaft 3 during threshing operation.

[0028] Specifically, Figure 5 As shown, the spike assembly also includes a feeding end protection cover 23 and a trash removal end protection cover 24. One end of the feeding end protection cover 23 is arranged close to the planetary gear mechanism, and the other end of the feeding end protection cover 23 is fixedly connected to the web plate 6 close to the planetary gear mechanism. In the spike adjustment mechanism close to the planetary gear mechanism, the worm gear reduction motor 7, the driving gear 8, the adjustment gear 9, the transmission bevel gear 10 and the diameter reducing mechanism are all arranged in the feeding end protection cover 23 to be shielded and protected. The outer circumference of the feeding end protection cover 23 is evenly distributed with a plurality of spiral blades, which form a feed guide plate to facilitate the feeding of the material to the threshing bar 5. One end of the debris discharge end protection cover 24 is fixedly connected to the web 6 away from the planetary gear mechanism, and the other end of the debris discharge end protection cover 24 is arranged close to the inner wall of the casing. In the spike tooth adjustment mechanism away from the planetary gear mechanism, the worm gear reduction motor 7, driving gear 8, adjusting gear 9, transmission bevel gear 10 and reducing mechanism are all arranged in the debris discharge end protection cover 24 to be shielded and protected. A number of inclined blades are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the debris discharge end protection cover 24, which form a debris discharge guide plate to facilitate the discharge of impurities such as platycodon after threshing out of the machine.

[0029] Specifically, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the housing includes an upper housing 1 and a lower housing 2, the inner screen 14 is fixedly connected to the lower housing 2, the upper housing 1 and the lower housing 2 are buckled and detachably connected, and both ends of the upper housing 1 and the lower housing 2 are processed with mutually adapted semicircular grooves, which form a bearing seat, and the main shaft 3 is rotatably arranged therein through a bearing. When a fault occurs, the upper housing 2 can be directly removed for inspection and maintenance of the components inside it, and it can be conveniently cleaned and repaired when there is a serious jam such as straw blockage and deformation of the threshing gear rod.

[0030] Specifically, Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the upper housing 1 is in a hollow semi-cylindrical shape that matches the shape of the inner screen 14. After the upper housing 1 is buckled, the upper housing 1 and the inner screen 14 form a rigid cylindrical barrel structure, which is conducive to the smooth and stable threshing work. A feed port 25 is provided on the upper housing 1, and the feed port 25 is arranged opposite to the aforementioned feeding end protection cover 23. The material to be threshed is put into the device from the upper housing 1. Since the distance between the outer wall of the feeding end protection cover 23 and the inner wall of the shell is relatively small compared to the middle threshing area (the distribution position of the threshing rod 5), the input material can be evenly separated and transported to the direction of the threshing rod 5 under the action of the feed guide plate, so as to ensure the threshing effect.

[0031] Specifically, Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a debris discharge port 26 is provided at the bottom of one end of the lower casing 2 close to the debris discharge end protective cover 24. During the threshing process, the material continuously moves toward the debris discharge end protective cover 24 under the action of the feed guide plate. Finally, impurities such as platycodon after threshing can be conveniently discharged from the debris discharge port 26 under the action of the debris discharge guide plate.

[0032] Specifically, Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, a cylinder 27 is provided at the bottom of the lower housing 2, the cylinder 27 is parallel to the main shaft 3, the upper side of the cylinder 27 is connected to the inside of the lower housing 2, a material receiving port 29 is provided at the lower side of the cylinder 27, an auger 28 is rotatably provided in the cylinder 27, and the material receiving port 29 is provided at one end of the auger 28 away from the feeding end protection cover 23. During the threshing process, the threshed seed grain products fall into the cylinder 27 at the bottom of the lower housing 2 through the threshing hole under the action of their own weight, and the seeds can be transported to the material receiving port 29 for discharge by rotating the auger 28 for easy collection.

[0033] Specifically, Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, the threshing motor 30, belt A31 and belt B32 are also included. A driving pulley is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the threshing motor 30, an intermediate pulley is fixedly sleeved on one end of the auger 28, and the driving pulley and the intermediate pulley are connected by belt A31. One end of the main shaft 3 extends out of the housing and is fixedly sleeved with a driven pulley, and the intermediate pulley and the driven pulley are connected by belt B32. When the threshing motor 30 rotates, the auger 28 can be driven to rotate through the belt A31, and the main shaft 3 can be driven to rotate through the belt B32, thereby realizing the threshing operation and the seed grain collection to be carried out synchronously.

[0034] The following are the relevant dimensions and selection parameters of a specific embodiment: The feeding end protection cover 23 is made of stainless steel, with diameters of 250mm and 200mm at both ends respectively. The feed guide plate arranged thereon is 3mm thick and 30mm high to ensure that the crops can quickly reach the threshing section (the area where the threshing rod 5 is located) after entering the threshing device. The impurity removal end protection cover 24 is a stainless steel shell with a diameter of 250mm, and is provided with four sections of impurity removal guide plates, which can better remove impurities from the machine. The width plate 6 is composed of two aluminum alloy plates with a diameter of 250mm and a thickness of 10mm, which are light in weight and high in strength.

[0035] The threshing rod 5 is divided into two types. One type has 17 cylindrical threshing teeth with a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 30 mm arranged on the surface. The spacing between the threshing teeth is 30 mm. The threshing teeth are connected to a steel pipe with a length of 496.5 mm, an outer diameter of 20 mm, and a thickness of 3 mm. The other type has 16 threshing teeth of the same size arranged on the surface. The arrangement of the threshing teeth here just corresponds to the gap between the threshing teeth of the previous type. The threshing teeth are connected to the steel pipe of the same size. A total of 4 threshing rods 5 are set, and the two types are arranged alternately to ensure the threshing effect.

[0036] Transmission bevel gear 10 module 2, number of teeth 34, tooth top height coefficient 1, pitch circle diameter 68mm, pressure angle 20°, tooth top circle diameter 70mm, inner hole diameter 37mm, driven bevel gear 13 module 2, number of teeth 17, tooth top height coefficient 1, pitch circle diameter 24mm, The pressure angle is 20°, the diameter of the tooth top circle is 26mm, and the inner hole diameter is 6mm. The diameter of the screw rod 11 is 6mm, the lead is 25mm, and the pitch is 1mm. The slider 12 slides 1mm for each rotation of the screw rod 11. All the connecting parts used for connection are made of aluminum alloy, which is light in weight and has high strength.

[0037] The worm gear reducer motor 7 uses a 4058GW31ZY permanent magnet DC worm gear reducer motor. The drive gear 8 has a module of 2, a number of teeth of 18, a tooth thickness of 15mm, a tooth top circle of 40mm, and an inner hole diameter of 8mm. The adjustment gear 9 has a module of 2, a number of teeth of 34, a tooth thickness of 10mm, a tooth top circle of 72mm, and an inner hole diameter of 33mm.

[0038] The inner screen 14 and the outer screen 15 are made of stainless steel, 720mm long and 5mm thick, the inner radius of the inner screen 14 is 170mm, the outer radius is 175mm, the inner radius of the outer screen 15 is 175.5mm, and the outer radius is 180.5mm. The size of the sieve hole is 20mm long and 10mm wide. The two layers of sieves are connected by a number of spherical rollers with a diameter of 5mm. The combined sieve can achieve an adjustable range of threshing hole length from 10mm to 20mm.

[0039] In the planetary gear mechanism, the tooth thickness is 10 mm, the number of teeth of the sun gear 17 is 34, the number of teeth of the planetary gear is 68, the number of external teeth of the ring gear 19 is 160, and the number of internal teeth is 148.

[0040] The auger 28 is made of stainless steel, and the blade diameter is 60 mm, which can well transport the seeds to the receiving port 29.

[0041] The threshing motor 30 is a three-phase asynchronous motor, model B3-H6-90, powered by 220 voltage. Belt A31 and belt B32 are both V-belts, and the driving pulley, the intermediate pulley, and the driven pulley are made of cast iron, and the transmission ratio of the three is 1; 2; 2.

[0042] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, and should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be modified within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or the technology or knowledge of the relevant field. The changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art shall not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and shall be within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional threshing device, comprising a housing, wherein a main shaft is rotatably arranged in the housing, characterized in that: The shell is also provided with a spike assembly, a screen assembly, a hollow shaft and a planetary gear mechanism; The spike assembly includes a spike adjustment mechanism and a plurality of threshing rods. The spike tooth adjustment mechanism includes a web plate, a worm gear reduction motor, a driving gear, an adjustment gear, a transmission bevel gear and a plurality of diameter reducing mechanisms. The web plate is fixedly sleeved on the main shaft, and a plurality of diameter reducing mechanisms are evenly distributed on the web plate. The worm gear reduction motor is fixedly mounted on the web plate, the driving gear is fixedly sleeved on the output end of the worm gear reduction motor, the adjusting gear is rotatably sleeved on the main shaft, and the driving gear is meshed with the adjusting gear. The diameter-changing mechanism comprises a screw rod, a slider and a driven bevel gear, wherein the screw rod is rotatably mounted on the web plate, the slider is threadedly connected to the screw rod, the slider is slidably connected to the web plate and can slide radially along the web plate, a driven bevel gear is fixedly sleeved at the end of the screw rod, the transmission bevel gear is coaxially fixedly connected to the adjusting gear, and the driven bevel gear is meshed with the transmission bevel gear, The worm gear reduction motor, driving gear, adjusting gear, transmission bevel gear and diameter reducing mechanism are all arranged on one side of the web plate, the threshing rod is arranged on the other side of the web plate, and one end of a plurality of the threshing rods is fixedly connected to a plurality of the sliding blocks respectively; The screen assembly comprises an inner screen, an outer screen and an arc-shaped rack, the cross sections of the inner screen and the outer screen are both arc-shaped, the inner screen and the outer screen are sequentially arranged below the spike tooth assembly, the inner screen, the outer screen and the main shaft are arranged concentrically, the inner screen is fixedly connected to the shell, the inner wall of the outer screen is close to and slidably connected to the outer wall of the inner screen, the inner screen and the outer screen are respectively processed with a plurality of mutually adapted sieve holes, one end of the arc-shaped rack is fixedly connected to the outer screen, and the inner side of the arc-shaped rack is processed with a tooth portion; The hollow shaft is rotatably sleeved on the main shaft, one end of the hollow shaft is fixedly connected to the adjusting gear, the sun gear of the planetary gear mechanism is fixedly sleeved on the other end of the hollow shaft, the planet carrier of the planetary gear mechanism is rotatably connected to the housing, and the outer side of the gear ring of the planetary gear mechanism is processed with an external tooth surface, and the external tooth surface is meshed with the tooth portion.

2. A multifunctional threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a screen locking screw and a planet carrier locking screw, the screen locking screw is threadedly connected to the shell, one end of the screen locking screw passes through the shell and can be pressed against the outer side of the arc-shaped rack; a brake disc is provided at the end of the planet carrier away from the hollow shaft, a reaction plate is fixedly connected to the shell, the planet carrier locking screw is threadedly connected to the reaction plate, one end of the planet carrier locking screw passes through the reaction plate and can press the brake disc against the planet carrier and the shell.

3. A multifunctional threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spike tooth assembly comprises two spike tooth adjustment mechanisms, which are symmetrically arranged, and the two worm gear reduction motors are respectively arranged on both sides of the main shaft.

4. A multifunctional threshing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spike assembly also includes a feeding end protection cover and a debris removal end protection cover; One end of the feeding end protection cover is arranged close to the planetary gear mechanism, and the other end of the feeding end protection cover is fixedly connected to the web plate close to the planetary gear mechanism. In the spike tooth adjustment mechanism close to the planetary gear mechanism, the worm gear reduction motor, the driving gear, the adjustment gear, the transmission bevel gear and the diameter reducing mechanism are all arranged in the feeding end protection cover, and a plurality of spiral blades are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the feeding end protection cover; One end of the waste discharge end protection cover is fixedly connected to the web plate away from the planetary gear mechanism, and the other end of the waste discharge end protection cover is arranged close to the inner wall of the casing. In the spike tooth adjustment mechanism away from the planetary gear mechanism, the worm gear reduction motor, the driving gear, the adjustment gear, the transmission bevel gear and the diameter reducing mechanism are all arranged in the waste discharge end protection cover, and a plurality of inclined blades are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the waste discharge end protection cover.

5. A multifunctional threshing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The shell includes an upper shell and a lower shell, the inner screen is fixedly connected to the lower shell, the upper shell and the lower shell are buckled and detachably connected, both ends of the upper shell and the lower shell are processed with mutually matching semicircular grooves, and the main shaft is rotatably arranged in the semicircular groove through a bearing.

6. A multifunctional threshing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper casing is in the shape of a hollow semi-cylinder that matches the shape of the inner screen. A feed port is provided on the upper casing, and the feed port is arranged opposite to the feeding end protective cover.

7. A multifunctional threshing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of one end of the lower housing close to the impurity discharge end protection cover is provided with an impurity discharge port.

8. A multifunctional threshing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A cylinder is provided at the bottom end of the lower casing, the cylinder is parallel to the main shaft, the upper side of the cylinder is connected to the interior of the lower casing, a material receiving port is provided on the lower side of the cylinder, an auger is rotatably provided in the cylinder, and the material receiving port is provided at one end of the auger away from the feeding end protective cover.

9. A multifunctional threshing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a threshing motor, a belt A and a belt B. A driving pulley is fixedly provided on the output shaft of the threshing motor, an intermediate pulley is fixedly provided on one end of the auger, the driving pulley is connected to the intermediate pulley through the belt A, one end of the main shaft extends out of the shell and is fixedly provided with a driven pulley, and the intermediate pulley is connected to the driven pulley through the belt B.

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