High-fruiting-rate prinsepia utilis royle layering propagation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a layering propagation method for prinsepia utilis royle with a high fruiting rate. The layering propagation method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting well-growing branches; 3) selecting a depression bar with a plurality of root systems growing in a plastic cylinder and the root length of more than or equal to 6cm, cutting off the depression bar from a stock plant, transplanting the depression bar into a seedbed, carrying out shading cultivation, and keeping the soil water content of the seedbed to be 50% or above during the cultivation period. The proportion of flowering and fruiting plants in the first year after planting of prinsepia utilis royle seedlings subjected to layering propagation is larger than 93%, the character of the fruiting plants is basically consistent with that of seed trees, and good technical support is provided for vegetative propagation of prinsepia utilis royle. The survival rate of layering plants bred through the method can be larger than 90%, and large-scale breeding of prinsepia utilis royle is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of thorn fruit propagation, and in particular to a thorn fruit layering propagation method with a high fruit-bearing rate. Background Art

[0002] Prinsepia utilis Royle, also known as green thorn tip, flat-core wood, and oil fruit, is a shrub of the genus Prinsepia in the Rosaceae family. Yunnan Province is rich in wild Prinsepia germplasm resources, which are widely distributed in Lijiang, Diqing, Nujiang, Dali, Chuxiong, Kunming, Zhaotong, Yuxi, Qujing and other prefectures and cities, and are concentrated in the cold mountainous areas of northwest Yunnan with an altitude of 2100-2800m.

[0003] At present, the main method of seed propagation of the prickly ash is to use seeds as the propagation body. Seed propagation is to sow seeds to achieve a large single reproduction amount, but there is a problem of easy mutation, the excellent characteristics of the original variety are not easy to maintain, and the reproduction cycle is long. It takes three years for the prickly ash to bloom and bear fruit after sowing. The reproduction cycle is too long to meet the needs of industrial application.

[0004] Therefore, finding a more effective breeding method is an urgent problem to be solved in the breeding process of green thorn fruit.

[0005] Layering propagation is an important means of plant breeding. Compared with traditional propagation methods, layering propagation technology has the advantages of inheriting the excellent traits of the mother tree and strong resistance to adversity.

[0006] Existing layering propagation is mainly used for the propagation of azalea (e.g., CN202410666563.8), mango tree (e.g., CN202311537705.2), and camphor tree (e.g., CN200910163217.3), but layering propagation has not been applied to the cultivation of green thorn fruit.

[0007] The information disclosed in the background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above technical problems, the present application provides a high-fruiting rate layering propagation method for blackthorn thorn, which is easy to operate and can effectively promote the early flowering and fruiting of blackthorn thorn, shorten the flowering time to within 1 year, improve the propagation efficiency, and thus increase the blackthorn thorn yield to meet the needs of in-depth industrial development and utilization.

[0009] The present application provides a high-fruiting rate green thorn fruit layering propagation method, comprising the following steps:

[0010] 1) Select branches from two-year-old green pruning beetle mother plants that are in good growth condition and free of pests, diseases and mechanical damage as growing branches, and the circumference of the thickest area of ​​the growing branches should be greater than 0.8 cm;

[0011] 2) Ring the branches one week before layering:

[0012] Ringing operation: Set the first ringing cut at a distance of more than 10 cm from the connection between the branch and the mother plant, and then set multiple ringing cuts along the branch at intervals of 35 to 45 cm between any two adjacent ringing cuts. Make two cross-cuts along the cortex of the branch, and peel off the cortex between the two cuts to form a ringing cut; avoid the buds when setting the ringing cut, and choose the branch surface between two adjacent buds to set the ringing cut, and keep the cortex cut smooth;

[0013] After ring barking, evenly spray 3 to 4 times with IBA solution at a concentration of 1100 to 1300 mg·L-1, and each spraying operation lasts for 1 minute;

[0014] Layering operation: put the plastic cylinder on the branch and cover it outside the ring-barking area, fill the gap between the plastic cylinder and the branch with substrate, tie the two ends of the plastic cylinder to seal the layering, and maintain the mother plant for 60 to 70 days normally; the moisture content of the substrate used is 50 to 60%; the substrate is garden soil: sand

[0015] :Soil: humus soil is composed of 1-2:1-2:1-2 in mass ratio;

[0016] 3) Select layering strips that have grown multiple roots in a plastic cylinder and have a root length of ≥ 6 cm, cut them off from the mother plant and transplant them to the seedbed, and cultivate them in the shade. During the cultivation period, keep the soil moisture content of the seedbed above 50%.

[0017] Preferably, the layering operation starts in June to July after the fruits are harvested.

[0018] Preferably, the circumference of the thickest area of ​​the growing branch is 0.8 to 1.5 cm;

[0019] Preferably, the width of the ring-peeling opening is 1.6 to 2.0 cm.

[0020] Preferably, the first ring-barking opening is arranged 10 cm away from the connection position between the growing branch and the mother plant, and then multiple ring-barking openings are arranged along the growing branch with an interval of 40 cm between any two adjacent ring-barking openings.

[0021] Preferably, after ring barking, 1200 mg·L-1 IBA is evenly sprayed three times.

[0022] Preferably, the matrix is ​​composed of garden soil: sand: soil: humus soil in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0023] Preferably, the method further comprises a pinching operation: when the length of the strong branches in the layered plants after transplanting reaches 60 cm, the first pinching is performed, and when the length reaches 80 cm, the second pinching is performed.

[0024] Preferably, the height of the plastic cylinder is 14-16 cm.

[0025] Preferably, the concentration of the IBA solution is 1200 mg·L-1.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this application include:

[0027] 1) The high-fruiting rate layering propagation method of the thorn fruit provided in this application, the proportion of flowering and fruiting plants of the thorn fruit seedlings propagated by layering is greater than 93% in the first year after planting, and the fruit characteristics are basically the same as those of the mother tree, which provides good technical support for the asexual propagation of thorn fruit. The survival rate of the layered plants propagated by this method can be greater than 90%, which is conducive to large-scale propagation of thorn fruit. Compared with the sowing propagation method, this method can bear fruit 2 to 3 years earlier, and the excellent traits of the plants are well maintained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the plastic cylinder used in Example 1 of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a photo of the plastic cylinder used in Example 1 of the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a photo of the plant rooting after the plastic cylinder wrapping structure is removed in step S6 of Example 1 of the present application; Figure 4 This is a photo of the plant fruiting one year after planting in Example 1 of the present application; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited in any way. Any changes or improvements made based on the teachings of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] Example

[0033] Unless otherwise specified, the materials and instruments used in the following examples were obtained from commercial channels; the detection methods used were all existing methods unless otherwise specified.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] S2. Branch selection: select branches from two-year-old green thorn fruit mother plants that are in good growth and free of pests and mechanical damage as green branches. Use a vernier caliper to measure the diameter of the thickest area of ​​the selected branches and calculate the circumference of the position. Select branches with a circumference of 0.8 to 1.5 cm as green branches;

[0036] S3. Ring cutting and processing of branches: Use a clean and sharp knife to ring the branches one week before the layering operation.

[0037] The first ring-barking mouth is set on the living branch 10 cm away from the connection between the living branch and the mother plant, and then a ring-barking mouth is set along the branch every 40 cm, which is the distance between any two adjacent ring-barking mouths; the width of the ring-barking mouth is 1.6 to 2.0 cm.

[0038] The ring-barking structure is made by using a sharp bud grafting knife, which makes two horizontal cuts along the cortex and peels off the cortex between the two cuts to form the ring-barking structure.

[0039] Avoid the buds and select the branch surface between two adjacent buds to make the ring barking incision. Keep the cortical incision smooth to facilitate the formation of callus tissue.

[0040] S4. Growth hormone treatment: After ring barking, spray 1200 mg·L-1 IBA (auxin) evenly three times, and each spraying operation lasts for 1 min.

[0041] S5. Wrapping and tying: After the mother branch base is processed to form multiple ring-barking branches, it is surrounded with a nutrient pot or black plastic film to make a cylinder with a height of 15 cm. The upper and lower ends of the cylinder are tied tightly with fine iron wire. The cylinder is filled with a substrate with a moisture content of 50-60% (the formula of the substrate is: garden soil: sand

[0042] The mass ratio of soil to humus soil is 1:1:1), the ring-barking mouth is buried in the substrate to promote rooting, and the wrapped branches are layering. Figures 1-2 shown.

[0043] S6. Pruning and division: After 60 days of wrapping, randomly select and open the cylinder soil to observe the rooting situation. If a certain number of roots have been formed and the root length is ≥ 6cm, please refer to Figure 3 As can be seen from the picture, there are many thick and long fibrous roots, which shows that this method can achieve effective rooting. Cut the layering strips from the mother plant. When cutting, be careful not to damage the roots. Then transplant the layering strips to the seedbed, cover the seedbed with a shade net, and keep the soil moist during cultivation.

[0044] S7. Pinching: After division, select one strong branch from each layered plant. When the selected branch reaches 60cm in length, pinch it for the first time. When it reaches 80cm, pinch it for the second time. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that this method can achieve fruiting within 1 year of planting.

[0045] Comparative Example 1

[0046] The difference from Example 1 is that the method of sowing seeds is adopted to propagate the prickle fruit. For specific sowing and cultivation methods, refer to the existing methods (such as "Prickle Fruit Seedling Cultivation Technology" by Yang Jianhua et al., "Forestry Practical Technology" (2012.01, 28-29).

[0047] According to the method in Example 1, 100 seedlings of Psoralea thornii fruits were grafted starting from June to July after the fruits were harvested each year; 100 seeds were sown according to the method in Comparative Example 1.

[0048] The fruit seedlings that survived grafting according to the method in Example 1 were colonized in Yangbi, Dali, and the survival rate, flowering rate and fruiting rate of the colonized plants were counted after one year.

[0049] Survival rate = number of surviving plants / total number of established plants*100%;

[0050] Fruiting rate = number of fruiting plants / total number of established plants*100%; fruiting amount is calculated based on the actual harvested amount.

[0051] The result and survival rates are shown in the following table:

[0052] Example 1 Method Comparative Example 1 Method Survival rate (%) 94 67 Result rate (%) 93 0 Result quantity (kg / plant) 0.012 0

[0053] As can be seen from the table above, the method provided by the present application can achieve a fruiting rate of more than 90% within the first year after colonization, while the method provided in comparative example 1 cannot achieve fruiting within one year of reproduction. The method provided by the present application can produce fruit 2 to 3 years earlier than the sowing and breeding method, and the excellent traits of the plant are well maintained.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] The difference from Example 1 is that the perimeter of the thickest area of ​​the selected branch is 0.8 cm. A plurality of ringing openings are arranged on the branch at intervals of 35 cm between any two adjacent ringing openings; the width of the ringing openings is 1.6 cm. After ringing, 1100 mg·L-1 IBA is sprayed evenly three times; the mother plant is maintained normally for 60 days; the moisture content of the substrate used is 60%; the substrate is composed of garden soil: sand: soil: humus soil in a mass ratio of 2:2:2. The height of the plastic cylinder is 14 cm.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] The difference from Example 1 is that the perimeter of the thickest area of ​​the selected branch is 1.5 cm. Multiple ringing openings are arranged on the branch at intervals of 45 cm between any two adjacent ringing openings; the width of the ringing opening is 2.0 cm. After ringing, 1300 mg·L-1 IBA is sprayed evenly 4 times; the mother plant is maintained normally for 70 days; the moisture content of the substrate used is 50%; the substrate is composed of garden soil: sand: soil: humus soil in a mass ratio of 2:1:1. The height of the plastic cylinder is 16 cm.

[0058] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high fruit-bearing rate green thorn fruit layering propagation method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Select branches from two-year-old green pruning beetle mother plants that are in good growth condition and free of pests, diseases and mechanical damage as growing branches, and the circumference of the thickest area of ​​the growing branches should be greater than 0.8 cm; 2) Ring the branches one week before layering: Ringing operation: Set the first ringing cut at a distance of more than 10 cm from the connection between the branch and the mother plant, and then set multiple ringing cuts along the branch at intervals of 35 to 45 cm between any two adjacent ringing cuts. Make two cross-cuts along the cortex of the branch, and peel off the cortex between the two cuts to form a ringing cut; avoid the buds when setting the ringing cut, and choose the branch surface between two adjacent buds to set the ringing cut, and keep the cortex cut smooth; After ring barking, evenly spray 3 to 4 times with IBA solution at a concentration of 1100 to 1300 mg·L-1, and each spraying operation lasts for 1 minute; Layering operation: put a plastic cylinder on the branch and cover it outside the ring-barking area, fill the gap between the plastic cylinder and the branch with substrate, tie the two ends of the plastic cylinder to seal the layering, and maintain the mother plant for 60 to 70 days; the water content of the substrate used is 50 to 60%; the substrate is composed of garden soil: sand: soil: humus soil in a mass ratio of 1 to 2:1 to 2:1 to 2; 3) Select layering strips that have grown multiple roots in a plastic cylinder and have a root length of ≥ 6 cm, cut them off from the mother plant and transplant them to the seedbed, and cultivate them in the shade. During the cultivation period, keep the soil moisture content of the seedbed above 50%.

2. The high fruit-bearing rate black thorn fruit layering propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The layering operation starts in June or July after the fruit is harvested.

3. The high fruit-bearing rate black thorn fruit layering propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circumference of the thickest area of ​​the branch is 0.8 to 1.5 cm.

4. The high fruit-bearing rate black thorn fruit layering propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the ring-peeling mouth is 1.6 to 2.0 cm.

5. The high fruit-bearing rate utilitarian layering method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first ring-barking cut is made 10 cm away from the connection between the growing branch and the mother plant, and then multiple ring-barking cuts are made along the growing branch with an interval of 40 cm between any two adjacent ring-barking cuts.

6. The high fruit-bearing rate black unicorn layering propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After ring barking, spray 1200 mg·L-1 IBA evenly three times.

7. The high fruit-bearing rate utilitarian layering propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The matrix is ​​composed of garden soil: sand: soil: humus in a mass ratio of 1:1:

1.

8. The high fruit-bearing rate utilitarian layering propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes the pinching operation: the first pinching is done when the length of the strong branches in the layered plants after transplanting reaches 60cm, and the second pinching is done when it reaches 80cm.

9. The high fruit-bearing rate utilitarian layering propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the plastic cylinder is 14 to 16 cm.

10. The high fruit-bearing rate utilitarian layering propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of IBA solution is 1200 mg·L-1.

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