Method for promoting branching of central trunk of apple tree

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for promoting branching of a central trunk of an apple tree in the field of fruit tree cultivation, which comprises the following steps: step 1, according to regional climate, branching is carried out when a central trunk bud of an apple sapling in early spring is selected; step 2, selecting a bud at the middle-upper part of the central trunk, and cutting off phloem and a small amount of xylem of the apple sapling by using a cutter to form a bud notching opening at the upper side of the bud; 3, a shaping bag is prepared, the two ends of the shaping bag are open, and an inclined supporting frame is arranged in the shaping bag; sleeving one end of a shaping bag at the bud at the middle upper part of the central trunk through a first fixing rope, propping one end, close to the bud, of the shaping bag against the bud carving opening, bundling one end, far away from the bud, of the shaping bag through a second fixing rope, and smearing gum on the upper surface of the shaping bag; 4, when the top tips on the central trunks of the apple saplings grow to 3-5 cm, the shaping bags are removed. By the adoption of the technical scheme, branching of the central trunk can be promoted through multiple ways, and the included angle between the branch and the trunk is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a method for promoting the growth of branches from the central trunk of an apple tree. Background Art

[0002] Common tree shapes for dwarfing and densely planted apples include slender spindles and tall spindles. Their main characteristics are that the central trunk is upright, with many main branches, no stratification, no side branches on the main branches, and the fruits are directly grown on the central trunk or main branches. Therefore, promoting the growth of branches from the central trunk and increasing the number of main branches are the key tasks of apple tree management. Therefore, a method for promoting the growth of branches from the central trunk of apple trees is needed.

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, patent publication number CN107223519B discloses a method for promoting the growth of branches from the central trunk of an apple tree, comprising the following steps: step 1, planting apple seedlings; step 2, stem setting of apple seedlings: after the seedlings are planted, stem setting is performed at 1.0-1.2 m above the base of the apple seedlings; step 3, treatment of the central trunk to promote branching: step 3.1, bagging of the central trunk: bagging is performed 1-2 weeks before the apple tree sprouts, a cylindrical plastic bag with openings at both ends is placed along the top of the central trunk of the apple tree to the middle and upper part of the central trunk of the apple tree, and the top and bottom ends of the plastic bag are tied tightly; step 3.2, ventilation holes are made in the plastic bag: ventilation holes are made in a circle at intervals of 10 cm along the radial direction of the plastic bag, and the aperture of the ventilation holes is expanded as the buds sprout until they are completely removed; step 3.3, removal of the plastic bag: when the top tip on the central trunk of the apple tree grows to 2.5-3.5 cm, the plastic bag is untied to completely separate it from the central trunk of the apple tree.

[0004] The above method of promoting branching from the central trunk of an apple tree promotes branching by bagging the central trunk of the apple tree to keep it moisturized, warm and shaded. However, the plastic bag constrains the angle of the branches, making the angle between the branches and the trunk smaller, making the three-dimensional structure of the fruit tree worse, and reducing ventilation and light transmittance. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem in the prior art that plastic bags restrict the angle of branches, make the angle between branches and the main trunk smaller, make the three-dimensional structure of the fruit tree worse, and reduce ventilation and light transmittance, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for promoting branching from the central trunk of apple trees, which can promote branching from the central trunk through multiple ways and increase the angle between the branches and the main trunk.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: A method for promoting the growth of branches from the central trunk of an apple tree comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: According to the local climate, choose the early spring when the central trunk of the apple saplings begins to produce diamond-shaped or triangular buds for branching;

[0008] Step 2: Select the bud in the middle and upper part of the central trunk, prepare a knife 0.3 to 0.5 cm above the bud, sterilize the knife, use the knife to cut the cortical sieve tube and a few xylem vessels of the apple seedling to form a bud opening on the upper side of the bud, and spray the whole plant with fungicide after the bud opening is completed;

[0009] Step 3, prepare a shaping bag, the shaping bag has openings at both ends, and an inclined support frame is arranged inside the shaping bag; one end of the shaping bag is set at the bud body in the middle and upper part of the central trunk through a first fixed rope loop, the end of the shaping bag close to the bud body is against the bud opening, and the end of the shaping bag away from the bud body is tied with a second fixed rope, the colder the climate in the area, the tighter the tie, and gum is applied on the upper surface of the shaping bag;

[0010] Step 4: When the top of the central trunk of the apple seedling grows to 3 to 5 cm, remove the shaping bag.

[0011] The following beneficial effects were achieved by adopting the above scheme: the buds were selected to grow when the spores were first formed in the central trunk. If the buds were grown too early, they would be easily dehydrated and dried, while if the buds were grown too late, the buds would be inhibited. The buds in the middle and upper part of the central trunk were selected, and the sieve tubes and a few xylem vessels of the apple seedling cortex were cut off with a knife to prevent the upward transmission of nutrients, so that the nutrients were accumulated in the buds. At the same time, the buds around the bud mouths were scratched to stimulate the buds to grow faster.

[0012] After putting on the shaping bag, the function of the shaping bag is to protect the bud, so that the bud can grow in a more suitable temperature and humidity, while reducing the risk of the bud being dried out. In addition, by adjusting the extension angle of the bud, the gum will adhere to the shaping bag, which can increase the weight of the upper surface of the shaping bag, making it more difficult for the bud to lift the shaping bag. At the same time, part of the gum will flow into the bud carving mouth. The gum can reduce the risk of infection at the bud carving mouth and accelerate the healing of the bud carving mouth.

[0013] Compared with the existing technology, the combination of bud carving and bagging further promotes branching; at the same time, the opening of the shaping bag away from the bud body can be adjusted according to the climate. The bud body also contains chlorophyll that can carry out photosynthesis, and is not prone to frostbite in warm areas. The user can adjust the size of the opening to adjust the warmth and light; the shaping bag can also adjust the branching angle to a certain extent, and the appropriate branch angle can ensure that the branch has sufficient growth space, good light and support; the gum can reduce the risk of infection at the carved bud mouth and accelerate the healing of the carved bud mouth, while adding weight to the upper surface of the shaping bag to increase the shaping effect.

[0014] Furthermore, in step one, select robust apple saplings with a central trunk height higher than 1.2 m and a central trunk thickness greater than 1 cm for branching.

[0015] Beneficial effects: Bud carving has certain requirements on the health of seedlings. Weak seedlings may become further weakened due to bud carving. Therefore, choosing strong apple seedlings can reduce the loss of seedlings caused by germination.

[0016] Furthermore, in step 2, the cortical sieve tubes and a small number of xylem vessels of the apple seedlings are cut off and then cleaned and disinfected.

[0017] Beneficial effects: Cutting off the cortical sieve tubes and a few xylem vessels of apple seedlings may cause wound infection, leading to disease. Cleaning and disinfecting after cutting can reduce the probability of wound infection.

[0018] Furthermore, in step two, apply branching hormone on the bud cut and the bud body.

[0019] Beneficial effects: Branching factor can promote cell division and further improve the branching effect.

[0020] Furthermore, in step 2, the bud below the middle and upper part is cut off, and gum is applied to the cut.

[0021] Beneficial effect: By cutting off the buds below the upper and middle parts, the nutrients absorbed by the buds in the lower and middle parts can be reduced, so that the nutrients are more concentrated on the buds in the upper and middle parts, thereby promoting further growth of the buds in the upper and middle parts.

[0022] Furthermore, the support frame is made of wooden material, the shaping bag is made of paper material, and the angle formed by the support frame and the central stem is 45° to 60°.

[0023] Beneficial effects: The support frame and the shaping bag are made of degradable materials, which can reduce pollution to the environment. The angle formed by the support frame and the central trunk is 45° to 60°, which can obtain a more comprehensive growth space, light and support force.

[0024] Furthermore, in step three, a vent is opened on the shaping bag after bundling, and the vent is opened on the leeward side of the shaping bag.

[0025] Beneficial effects: The vents can enhance the air circulation in the shaping bag and ensure the gas consumed by the photosynthesis and respiration of the buds. The vents are opened on the leeward side of the shaping bag to reduce the entry of dust, impurities and germs into the shaping bag and reduce the probability of the buds being frozen and broken by the wind.

[0026] Furthermore, in step four, the apple seedlings are fertilized regularly, and organic fertilizers or compound fertilizers with a high nitrogen content are selected.

[0027] Beneficial effects: The nutrients absorbed by apple seedlings also affect branching. The use of organic fertilizers or compound fertilizers with high nitrogen content can further promote branching. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown:

[0032] A method for promoting the growth of branches from the central trunk of an apple tree comprises the following steps:

[0033] Step 1: According to the local climate, choose the early spring when the central trunk of the apple saplings begins to produce diamond-shaped or triangular buds for branching;

[0034] Step 2: Select the bud in the middle and upper part of the central trunk, prepare a knife 0.3 to 0.5 cm above the bud, sterilize the knife, use the knife to cut the cortical sieve tube and a few xylem vessels of the apple seedling to form a bud opening on the upper side of the bud, and spray the whole plant with fungicide after the bud opening is completed;

[0035] Step 3, prepare a shaping bag, the shaping bag has openings at both ends, and an inclined support frame is bonded and fixed inside the shaping bag; one end of the shaping bag is set at the bud body in the middle and upper part of the central trunk through a first fixed rope loop, the end of the shaping bag close to the bud body is against the bud opening, and the end of the shaping bag away from the bud body is tied through a second fixed rope. The colder the climate in the area, the tighter the tie, and gum is applied to the upper surface of the shaping bag;

[0036] Step 4: When the top of the central trunk of the apple seedling grows to 3 to 5 cm, remove the shaping bag.

[0037] The specific implementation process is as follows: Choose to start branching when the central trunk is just beginning to germinate. Too early will easily cause water loss and drying, while too late will inhibit germination. Select the buds in the middle and upper part of the central trunk, use a knife to cut off the cortical sieve tubes and a few xylem vessels of the apple seedlings to prevent the upward transmission of nutrients, accumulate nutrients at the buds, and at the same time, make scratches to stimulate, so that the buds around the bud mouth can branch faster.

[0038] After the shaping bag is put on, the role of the shaping bag is to protect the buds, so that the buds can grow in a more suitable temperature and humidity, while reducing the risk of the buds being dried out. In addition, by adjusting the extension angle of the buds, the gum will adhere to the shaping bag, which can increase the weight of the upper surface of the shaping bag, making it more difficult for the buds to lift the shaping bag. At the same time, part of the gum will flow into the bud cutout, which can reduce the risk of infection at the bud cutout and accelerate the healing of the bud cutout. The support frame can provide support for the shaping bag during the bud germination period, thereby providing protection for the buds in the early stage, and after the buds branch out, the branching angle is limited so that the branches can grow at a certain angle.

[0039] The invention combines bud carving with bagging to further promote branching; at the same time, the opening of the shaping bag away from the bud body can be adjusted according to the climate. The bud body also contains chlorophyll that can carry out photosynthesis, and is not prone to frostbite in warm areas. The user can adjust the size of the opening to adjust the warmth and light. The shaping bag can also adjust the branching angle to a certain extent. The appropriate branch angle can ensure that the branch has sufficient growth space, good light and support. The gum can reduce the risk of infection at the carved bud mouth and accelerate the healing of the carved bud mouth, while adding weight to the upper surface of the shaping bag to increase the shaping effect.

[0040] Embodiment 2

[0041] The difference from the above embodiment is that in step 1, strong apple seedlings with a central trunk height higher than 1.2 m and a central trunk thickness greater than 1 cm are selected for branching.

[0042] The specific implementation process is as follows: Bud carving has certain requirements on the health of seedlings. Weak seedlings may become further weakened due to seedling carving. Therefore, choosing strong apple seedlings can reduce the loss of seedlings caused by germination.

[0043] Embodiment 3

[0044] The difference from the above embodiment is that in step 2, cleaning and disinfection are performed after the cortical sieve tubes and a small amount of xylem vessels of the apple seedlings are cut off.

[0045] The specific implementation process is as follows: Cutting off the cortical sieve tubes and a few xylem vessels of apple seedlings may cause wound infection, which may lead to disease. Cleaning and disinfection after cutting can reduce the probability of wound infection.

[0046] Embodiment 4

[0047] The difference from the above embodiment is that in step 2, a branching agent is applied on the bud cutout and the bud body.

[0048] The specific implementation process is as follows: the branching factor can promote cell division and further improve the branching effect.

[0049] Embodiment 5

[0050] The difference from the above embodiment is that in step 2, the bud below the middle and upper part is cut off, and gum is applied on the cut.

[0051] The specific implementation process is as follows: by cutting off the buds below the middle and upper parts, the nutrients absorbed by the buds in the middle and lower parts can be reduced, so that the nutrients are more concentrated on the buds in the middle and upper parts, thereby promoting further growth of the buds in the middle and upper parts.

[0052] Embodiment 6

[0053] The difference from the above embodiment is that the support frame is made of wooden material, the shaping bag is made of paper material, and the angle formed by the support frame and the central stem is 45° to 60°.

[0054] The specific implementation process is as follows: the support frame and the shaping bag are made of degradable materials, which can reduce pollution to the environment. The angle formed by the support frame and the central trunk is 45° to 60°, which can obtain a more comprehensive growth space, light and support force.

[0055] Embodiment 7

[0056] The difference from the above embodiment is that in step three, a vent is opened on the shaping bag after bundling, and the vent is opened on the leeward side of the shaping bag.

[0057] The specific implementation process is as follows: The vents can enhance the air circulation in the shaping bag to ensure the gas consumed by the photosynthesis and respiration of the buds. The vents are opened on the leeward side of the shaping bag to reduce the entry of dust, impurities and germs into the shaping bag and reduce the probability of the buds being frozen and broken by the wind.

[0058] Embodiment 8

[0059] The difference from the above embodiment is that in step 4, the apple seedlings are fertilized regularly, and organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer with a high nitrogen content is selected.

[0060] The specific implementation process is as follows: The nutrients absorbed by the apple seedlings also have an impact on branching. The use of organic fertilizers or compound fertilizers with higher nitrogen content can further promote branching.

[0061] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention. The common sense such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field know all the common technical knowledge in the technical field of the invention before the application date or priority date, can know all the existing technologies in the field, and have the ability to apply the conventional experimental means before that date. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field can improve and implement this scheme in combination with their own abilities under the enlightenment given by this application. Some typical known structures or known methods should not become obstacles for ordinary technicians in the relevant field to implement this application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for promoting the growth of branches from the central trunk of an apple tree, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step 1: According to the regional climate, choose the early spring when the central stem of the apple seedlings begins to sprout branches; Step 2: Select the bud in the middle and upper part of the central trunk, prepare a knife 0.3 to 0.5 cm above the bud, sterilize the knife, use the knife to cut the cortical sieve tube and a few xylem vessels of the apple seedling to form a bud opening on the upper side of the bud, and spray the whole plant with fungicide after the bud opening is completed; Step 3, prepare a shaping bag, the shaping bag has openings at both ends, and an inclined support frame is arranged inside the shaping bag; one end of the shaping bag is set at the bud body in the middle and upper part of the central trunk through a first fixed rope loop, the end of the shaping bag close to the bud body is against the bud opening, and the end of the shaping bag away from the bud body is tied with a second fixed rope, the colder the climate in the area, the tighter the tie, and gum is applied on the upper surface of the shaping bag; Step 4: When the top of the central trunk of the apple seedling grows to 3 to 5 cm, remove the shaping bag.

2. The method for promoting the growth of branches from the central trunk of an apple tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, select strong apple saplings with a central trunk height higher than 1.2m and a central trunk thickness greater than 1cm for branching.

3. The method for promoting the growth of branches from the central trunk of an apple tree according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 2, the cortical sieve tubes and a small number of xylem vessels of the apple seedlings are cut off and then cleaned and disinfected.

4. The method for promoting the growth of branches from the central trunk of an apple tree according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 2, apply branching hormone on the bud cut and bud body.

5. The method for promoting the growth of branches from the central trunk of an apple tree according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 2, the buds below the middle and upper parts are cut off, and gum is applied to the cuts.

6. The method for promoting the growth of branches from the central trunk of an apple tree according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support frame is made of wooden material, the shaping bag is made of paper material, and the angle formed by the support frame and the central stem is 45° to 60°.

7. The method for promoting the growth of branches from the central trunk of an apple tree according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step three, after bundling, a vent is opened on the shaping bag, and the vent is opened on the leeward side of the shaping bag.

8. The method for promoting the growth of branches from the central trunk of an apple tree according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step four, fertilize the apple seedlings regularly, and choose organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer with high nitrogen content.

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