Cultivation method for delaying flowering phase of schisandra chinensis and improving yield of schisandra chinensis

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for delaying flowering phase of schisandra chinensis and improving yield of schisandra chinensis and belongs to the technical field of flowering phase control. In order to regulate and control the flowering phase of schisandra chinensis, prevent the growth of schisandra chinensis from being influenced by late frost and further improve the yield of schisandra chinensis, the invention provides a cultivation method for delaying the flowering phase of schisandra chinensis and improving the yield of schisandra chinensis, which specifically comprises the following steps: covering a bed surface at the root of a schisandra chinensis plant with plant fibers from the first ten days of April to the beginning of June; the plant fiber mulch is removed after the last night frost is finished at the beginning of June, and the bed surface of the root of the schisandra chinensis plant is covered with a transparent plastic film from the moment to the middle ten days of July, the flowering phase of the schisandra chinensis can be obviously delayed, the schisandra chinensis is prevented from being affected by the night frost, and the yield of the schisandra chinensis is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of flowering period control, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for delaying the flowering period of Schisandra chinensis and improving the yield of Schisandra chinensis. Background Art

[0002] Schisandra chinensis is a deciduous woody vine of the genus Schisandra in the family Magnoliaceae. Its dried mature fruit is a commonly used tonic Chinese medicine. It was first recorded in Shennong's Herbal Classic and listed as a top-grade medicine. The 2000 edition of the Pharmacopoeia defines the Chinese medicine Schisandra chinensis as the dried mature fruit of Schisandra chinensis, formerly known as northern Schisandra chinensis, and its characteristic ingredient is schisandra alcohol A.

[0003] Schisandra chinensis is mainly produced in the Lesser Khingan Mountains and Changbai Mountain area, and is mainly distributed in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces in the Northeast, followed by Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Shandong, Inner Mongolia and other places. It is also distributed in North Korea, Japan, Russia and other countries. The three provinces in the Northeast have the widest distribution, the largest output and the best quality.

[0004] In high-latitude Schisandra production areas, the area of ​​various types of Schisandra artificial gardens can reach more than 100,000 mu. Schisandra in high-latitude areas usually enters the sap flow period in early April, sprouts from late April to early May, leaves in early May, flower buds differentiate in mid-to-late May, and blooms in early to mid-June. The last late frost in high-latitude production areas is generally from late May to early June, which can cause Schisandra flower buds and buds to fall off, and in severe years, it can reach the point of single plant total failure; at the same time, late frost can also cause severe frost damage to new leaves, new branches, and new shoots, and even cause the entire plant to fall off, and new leaves will grow again after a few days.

[0005] The frost damage caused by late frost is the main reason for the low and unstable yield of Schisandra chinensis plantations in high-latitude areas. However, the difficulty in solving this problem lies in the fact that the Schisandra chinensis production areas in high latitudes are basically forest areas, and the late frost period is in a strict fire prevention and control period, so the traditional smoke reduction frost damage method cannot be applied here. Moreover, the exact date and time of the late frost cannot be determined. Therefore, how to regulate the flowering period of Schisandra chinensis so that its growth is not affected by late frost is of great significance to increasing the yield of Schisandra chinensis. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to regulate the flowering period of Schisandra chinensis, so that the growth of Schisandra chinensis is not affected by late frost, and thus the yield of Schisandra chinensis is increased, the present invention provides a cultivation method for delaying the flowering period of Schisandra chinensis and increasing the yield of Schisandra chinensis, specifically, covering the root bed of Schisandra chinensis plants with plant fibers from early April to early June; removing the plant fiber covering after the last late frost in early June, and covering the root bed of Schisandra chinensis plants with transparent mulch from this time to mid-July. This method can significantly delay the flowering period of Schisandra chinensis and increase the yield of Schisandra chinensis.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems and achieve corresponding technical effects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The first object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method for delaying the flowering period of Schisandra chinensis and increasing the yield of Schisandra chinensis, wherein the cultivation method is to cover the root bed of Schisandra chinensis plants with plant fibers from early April to early June; remove the plant fiber covering after the last late frost in early June, and cover the root bed of Schisandra chinensis plants with a transparent mulch film from this time to mid-July.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the plant fiber is any one of rice straw, wood chips, rice husks and pine needles, or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the plant fiber is rice straw or a combination of rice straw and rice husk or a combination of rice straw and pine needles or a combination of rice straw and wood chips.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the plant fiber covering has a thickness of 5-50 cm.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the plant fiber covering has a thickness of 15 cm to 50 cm.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the plant fiber is straw, 1 m 2 The weight of 5cm thick straw is 10kg; when the plant fiber is rice husk, 1m 2 The weight of a 5cm thick rice husk is 50kg; when the plant fiber is pine needles, 1m 2 The weight of pine needles with a thickness of 5 cm is 20 kg; when the plant fiber is sawdust, 1 m 2 The weight of wood chips with a thickness of 5 cm on an area is 50 kg.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the transparent ground film is 0.015 mm.

[0015] The second object of the present invention is to provide application of the above method in delaying the flowering period of Schisandra chinensis.

[0016] The third object of the present invention is to provide application of the above method in protecting Schisandra chinensis from the effects of night frost.

[0017] The fourth object of the present invention is to provide application of the above method in increasing the yield of Schisandra chinensis.

[0018] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0019] The present invention utilizes heat-insulating materials to control the temperature of the root layer soil in spring, delaying the time for the root layer to rise to an effective temperature, delaying the germination of Schisandra chinensis and the growth and development process of the plant, thereby delaying the differentiation of Schisandra chinensis flower buds and the arrival of the flowering period, and avoiding the falling of flowers and fruits caused by late frost damage. After the late frost, the heat-insulating materials are removed and the ground film is laid to achieve the effect of water retention and temperature increase, thereby promoting the growth and development of Schisandra chinensis, achieving increased production and increased income, and providing a simple, economical and effective prevention method for the reduction in production caused by late frost during the artificial cultivation of Schisandra chinensis. The specific beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] 1. Plant fiber mulch has a simple formula, is cheap, and has readily available materials. It is specifically selected from plant fibers such as straw, sawdust, rice husks, and pine needles.

[0021] 2. Covering the root bed of Schisandra with plant fibers from early to mid-April to the end of the last late frost can insulate, delay the rise in the ground temperature in the root layer, and delay the arrival of flowering, preventing the late frost from causing the flowers and fruits to fall. When the late frost comes, the flowers have not bloomed yet. Adjusting the bed cover according to the end time of the late frost can avoid the damage of late frost to the flowering period of Schisandra, and the yield of Schisandra is increased by more than 50% compared with the treatment without covering. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods. The embodiments described in the present invention are not all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The experimental methods used in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the materials, reagents and instruments used are conventional materials, reagents and instruments in the field unless otherwise specified, and those skilled in the art can obtain them through commercial channels.

[0023] Example 1: A cultivation method for delaying the flowering period of Schisandra chinensis and increasing the yield of Schisandra chinensis

[0024] Test location: Xinglong Forest Farm, Heilongjiang (51°46′00N)

[0025] Experimental period: 2017-2018, early April - harvest

[0026] Experimental method: Cover the root bed of Schisandra chinensis plants with plant fiber from early April to early June; remove the plant fiber covering after the last late frost in early June, and cover the root bed of Schisandra chinensis plants with 0.015mm thick transparent mulch from this time to mid-July, and harvest in mid-September.

[0027] Experimental treatments: (1) no plant fiber covering + no mulch covering; (2) no plant fiber covering + mulch covering; (3) 5 cm thick straw covering + mulch covering; (4) 5 cm thick straw + 5 cm thick rice husk covering + mulch covering; (5) 10 cm thick straw covering + mulch covering; (6) 10 cm thick straw + 5 cm thick rice husk covering + mulch covering; (7) 15 cm thick straw covering + mulch covering; (8) 15 cm thick straw + 5 cm thick rice husk covering + mulch covering.

[0028] Take straw as an example, 1m 2 In terms of area, 5cm thick is about 10kg, and 10cm thick is 20kg.

[0029] Take rice husk as an example, 1m 2 The area is 5cm thick and weighs about 50kg.

[0030] Three replicates were set for each treatment. After the Schisandra chinensis was harvested, the fresh weight was measured. The average yield data and flowering period data for two years are shown in Table 1.

[0031] Table 1 Statistical results of Schisandrae Chinensis yield and flowering period in each treatment

[0032]

[0033] Note: Different letters represent significant differences at the 0.05 level

[0034] As shown in Table 1, in terms of yield, there was no significant difference between treatments 6-8, and there was no significant difference between treatments 5 and 4. The per-acre yield of treatments 6-8 was basically stable at more than 900 kg / acre. That is, from early April to early June, the root bed of Schisandra chinensis plants was covered with plant fibers of 15 cm or more thickness until the last late frost, and after removing the plant fiber covering, it was covered with a transparent mulch with a thickness of 0.015 mm until mid-July. The annual per-acre yield of Schisandra chinensis increased by more than 50% compared with the treatment without plant fiber and mulch covering. In addition, treatments 6-8 can significantly extend the flowering period of Schisandra chinensis.

[0035] Example 2: A cultivation method for delaying the flowering period of Schisandra chinensis and increasing the yield of Schisandra chinensis

[0036] Test location: Qinghe Forest Farm, Heilongjiang (latitude 44°45′11″)

[0037] Trial time: mid-April 2018-2019 - harvest

[0038] Experimental method: Cover the root bed of Schisandra chinensis plants with plant fiber from mid-April to early June; remove the plant fiber covering after the last late frost in early June, and cover the root bed of Schisandra chinensis plants with 0.015mm thick transparent mulch from this time to early July, and harvest in early September.

[0039] Experimental treatments: (1) no plant fiber covering + no mulch covering; (2) no plant fiber covering + mulch covering; (3) 5 cm thick straw covering + mulch covering; (4) 5 cm thick straw + 5 cm thick pine needle covering + mulch covering; (5) 10 cm thick straw covering + mulch covering; (6) 10 cm thick straw + 5 cm thick pine needle covering + mulch covering; (7) 15 cm thick straw covering + mulch covering; (8) 15 cm thick straw + 5 cm thick pine needle covering + mulch covering.

[0040] Take straw as an example, 1m 2 In terms of area, 5cm thick is about 10kg, and 10cm thick is 20kg.

[0041] Taking pine needles as an example, 1m 2 The area is 5cm thick and weighs about 20kg.

[0042] Three replicates were set for each treatment. After the Schisandra chinensis was harvested, the fresh weight was measured. The average yield data and flowering period data for two years are shown in Table 2.

[0043] Table 2 Statistics of Schisandrae Chinensis yield and flowering period in each treatment

[0044]

[0045] Note: Different letters represent significant differences at the 0.05 level.

[0046] As shown in Table 2, in terms of yield, there is a significant difference between treatments 6-8 and treatments 1-5, and the per-acre yield of treatments 6-8 is basically stable at more than 700 kg / acre. That is, from mid-April to early June, the root bed of Schisandra chinensis plants is covered with plant fiber with a thickness of 15 cm or more until the last late frost, and after removing the plant fiber covering, it is covered with a transparent mulch with a thickness of 0.015 mm until early July. The annual per-acre yield of Schisandra chinensis is increased by more than 60% compared with the treatment without plant fiber and mulch covering. In addition, treatments 6-8 can significantly extend the flowering period of Schisandra chinensis.

[0047] Example 3: A cultivation method for delaying the flowering period of Schisandra chinensis and increasing the yield of Schisandra chinensis

[0048] Test location: Longhe Forest Farm, Heilongjiang (latitude 53°17′33″)

[0049] Test time: mid-April 2017-2018 - harvest

[0050] Experimental method: Cover the root bed of Schisandra chinensis plants with plant fiber from mid-April to early June; remove the plant fiber covering after the last late frost in early June, and cover the root bed of Schisandra chinensis plants with 0.015mm thick transparent mulch from this time to mid-July, and harvest in early September.

[0051] Experimental treatments: (1) no plant fiber covering + no mulch covering; (2) no plant fiber covering + mulch covering; (3) 5 cm thick straw covering + mulch covering; (4) 5 cm thick straw + 5 cm thick sawdust covering + mulch covering; (5) 10 cm thick straw covering + mulch covering; (6) 10 cm thick straw + 5 cm sawdust needle covering + mulch covering; (7) 15 cm thick straw covering + mulch covering; (8) 15 cm thick straw + 5 cm thick sawdust covering + mulch covering.

[0052] Take straw as an example, 1m 2 In terms of area, 5cm thick is about 10kg, and 10cm thick is 20kg.

[0053] Take wood chips as an example, 1m 2 The area is 5cm thick and weighs about 50kg.

[0054] Three replicates were set for each treatment. After the Schisandra chinensis was harvested, the fresh weight was measured. The average yield data and flowering period data for two years are shown in Table 3.

[0055] Table 3 Statistics of Schisandrae Chinensis yield and flowering period in each treatment

[0056]

[0057] Note: Different letters represent significant differences at the 0.05 level.

[0058] As shown in Table 3, in terms of yield, the yield difference between treatments 6-8 and 1-5 was significant, and the yield difference between treatments 6-8 was not significant, and the yield per mu was basically stable at more than 700 kg / mu. That is, from mid-April to early June, the root bed of Schisandra plants was covered with plant fiber with a thickness of 15 cm or more until the last late frost, and after removing the plant fiber covering, it was covered with a transparent mulch with a thickness of 0.015 mm until early July. The average annual yield per mu of Schisandra increased by more than 60% compared with the treatment without plant fiber and mulch covering. In addition, treatments 6-8 can significantly extend the flowering period of Schisandra.

[0059] Although the present invention has been disclosed as above in the form of preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Schisandra chinensis, characterized in that: From early April to early June, the root bed of Schisandra plants is covered with plant fiber. After the last late frost in early June, the plant fiber covering is removed, and from this time to mid-July, the root bed of Schisandra plants is covered with transparent mulch.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The plant fiber is any one of rice straw, wood chips, rice husks and pine needles, or a combination of two or more thereof.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plant fiber is rice straw or a combination of rice straw and rice husk or a combination of rice straw and pine needles or a combination of rice straw and wood chips.

4. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The plant fiber covering has a thickness of 5-50 cm.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thickness of the plant fiber covering is 15cm-50cm.

6. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: When the plant fiber is straw, 1m 2 The weight of 5cm thick straw is 10kg; when the plant fiber is rice husk, 1m 2 The weight of a 5cm thick rice husk is 50kg; when the plant fiber is pine needles, 1m 2 The weight of pine needles with a thickness of 5 cm on an area is 20 kg; when the plant fiber is sawdust, 1 m 2 The weight of wood chips with a thickness of 5 cm on an area is 50 kg.

7. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The thickness of the transparent ground film is 0.015 mm.

8. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in delaying the flowering period of Schisandra chinensis.

9. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for protecting Schisandra chinensis from the effects of night frost.

10. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in increasing the yield of Schisandra chinensis.

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