Long piece machining tool and tool driving method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a long piece machining cutter and a cutter driving method.The long piece machining cutter comprises a cutter assembly and a main shaft assembly, the main shaft assembly comprises a main shaft piece and a guide rail piece, the cutter assembly comprises a cutter head piece, and the cutter head piece is installed on the main shaft piece in a sliding mode and provided with cutters arranged circumferentially at intervals. A plurality of cutters are arranged on the cutter head part, under the condition that a long part is machined, cutting stress can be shared when each cutter cuts a workpiece, the cutting stability of the cutters is effectively improved, elastic vibration deformation is reduced, the function of turning an inner hole of the workpiece is achieved, under the condition that the appearance structure of the long part is machined, the cutters can be clamped again without stopping machining, and the machining efficiency is improved. The function of turning the outer surface of a workpiece is achieved, the function of milling the outer surface of the workpiece can also be achieved, the whole long workpiece can be machined through single-time clamping without disassembling, assembling and aligning again and adjusting the position of the tool for several times, the machining precision, the coaxial precision and the machining efficiency of long workpiece machining are effectively improved, and a user can use the tool conveniently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a long piece machining tool and a tool driving method. Background Art

[0002] Long workpiece processing generally refers to the workpiece processing technology in which the ratio of the length of the workpiece to the outer diameter of the workpiece is large (the ratio is generally greater than 6), such as long shafts, long parts, long rods, long tubes, etc. The processing process usually requires high processing accuracy and surface quality. However, due to the large length span, long workpiece processing is prone to workpiece vibration or tool vibration during processing, thereby affecting the processing quality. Ensuring the processing accuracy and surface quality of long workpiece processing is a difficult problem in the processing field.

[0003] There are two conventional processing methods for workpiece cutting. One is that a rotating tool processes a stationary workpiece, and the other is that a rotating workpiece is processed by a stationary tool. The existing processing methods have the following disadvantages that are not convenient for users: 1. The existing processing method is limited by the size of machine tool guides, clamping tool holders and processing tools, resulting in limited length and diameter of long parts processing. When processing long parts, different lengths of tools need to be replaced for workpiece structures of different depths or lengths, especially for non-continuous and long parts with different diameters that have high coaxiality requirements (such as hole structures, groove structures, section structures, etc.). During the processing process, the tool needs to be adjusted multiple times to achieve the desired effect. Frequent disassembly and replacement of tools leads to low processing efficiency. Disassembly and replacement of tools will directly affect the processing accuracy. After replacing the tool, it needs to be re-aligned, which consumes tool alignment time.

[0004] 2. Traditional tools used for long-piece processing are generally fixed on the tool holder by mechanical means. The clamped tool is similar to a cantilever arm structure. When the workpiece or the tool is rotating at high speed, only the tip or the blade is in contact with the workpiece. In the cutting state, the blade or the handle is prone to slight elastic vibration deformation, which directly affects the processing accuracy and produces huge processing noise.

[0005] 3. Since the tool is fixed to the tool holder mechanically, the cutting force between the tool and the workpiece is not easy to control during the machining process. When the feed rate is large, the tool wear will be aggravated. Although a wider blade can improve machining efficiency, it will also increase the chip force and cause a slight elastic vibration deformation, which will have an adverse effect on the machine tool and the tool, and directly affect the machining accuracy. Tool wear and replacement will also affect the machining efficiency. Since only the tip or blade contacts the workpiece, the blade body is usually not worn or damaged, and the overall tool replacement cost is high.

[0006] In view of the above shortcomings, we need to develop a long piece processing tool and tool driving method to meet the needs of the majority of users. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned existing processing methods, there are problems such as limited processing stroke length or depth, different length tools need to be replaced for long pieces processing structures at different length positions, low processing efficiency caused by frequent tool replacement, and the processing accuracy will be affected after tool replacement. After tool replacement, re-positioning is required, elastic vibration deformation of the tool directly affects the processing accuracy, the overall tool replacement cost is high, and the tool needs to be adjusted multiple times for complex long pieces processing structures. The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: A long piece processing tool comprises a tool assembly and a spindle assembly for mounting the tool assembly, wherein the spindle assembly comprises a spindle member for supporting and moving the tool assembly, and the spindle member has a guide rail member for limiting the moving direction of the tool assembly; The tool assembly includes a cutter disc component for processing long pieces. The cutter disc component is installed on the main shaft component and can slide along the guide rail direction of the guide rail component. The cutter disc component has at least three retractable cutters, and the cutters are arranged at intervals around the circumference of the rotation axis of the main shaft component.

[0008] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, in order to improve the positioning accuracy of the tool extension, facilitate limiting the tool extension position, and improve the processing accuracy of long pieces, the tool disc has a tool disc cylinder for installing the tool, and the tool is installed in the tool disc cylinder to form a cylinder inner cavity that can accommodate liquid or gas, and the tool can be directional and movable along the internal cavity wall of the cylinder inner cavity, and a blade limiter for limiting the extension distance of the tool is installed in the cylinder inner cavity, and the cylinder inner cavity is connected to the outside world through a tool disc pipeline interface.

[0009] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, as a technical solution for realizing the automated displacement of the cutter disc, the installation difficulty and debugging difficulty of the control part are reduced, the control cost is reduced, the driving structure is simplified, and the activity efficiency and movement accuracy of the cutter disc are improved. The spindle part has a piston cavity for installing a magnetic piston inside, and a magnetic part is installed at a position of the cutter disc near the spindle part. The magnetic piston and the magnetic part form a magnetic coupling, and when the magnetic piston moves along the piston cavity, the cutter disc is driven by the magnetic part.

[0010] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, in order to avoid affecting the pipeline connection when the main shaft rotates and reduce the torque effect on the hose when the main shaft rotates, the main shaft is installed with a pipeline integration ring, and the pipeline integration ring has a movable ring and a stationary ring. The movable ring is movably connected to the main shaft, and the stationary ring is tightly connected to the main shaft. There is an annular pipeline for liquid or gas circulation between the stationary ring and the movable ring, the external driving device is connected to the annular pipeline through the movable ring, and the cutter head is connected to the annular pipeline through the stationary ring.

[0011] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, in order to improve the positioning accuracy of the cutter disc part relative to the main shaft part, enhance the axis calibration accuracy when the tool rotates, improve the processing accuracy of long parts, and simplify the difficulty of repeated positioning, a positioning cylinder body is installed at a position of the cutter disc part close to the main shaft part, and the positioning cylinder body is installed with a positioning pin that can be extended toward the guide rail part, and the guide rail part is provided with a positioning hole for the positioning pin to extend into, and a plurality of the positioning holes are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the guide rail part, and the positioning cylinder body is connected to the outside world through the cutter disc pipeline interface.

[0012] In order to realize automated long piece processing and improve the long piece processing accuracy and long piece processing efficiency, a tool driving method is provided, which is applied to a machine tool equipped with a long piece processing tool, the machine tool comprising a control system capable of controlling the movement or positioning of a cutter head, controlling the extension and retraction of the tool, and controlling the rotation of a spindle head or a workpiece, the method comprising: the control system can control the cutter head to be in a moving state or a positioning state, in which the cutter head moves to a processing position along a guide rail in the moving state, and in which the cutter head is limited to a position on the guide rail in the positioning state; the control system can control the spindle motor to drive the spindle head to rotate, or control the spindle motor to drive the workpiece to rotate; the control system can control the tool to be in an extended state, in which the tool is extended relative to the cutter head toward the workpiece in the extended state, and the feed amount is controlled by the control system, and the tool contacts the workpiece surface to perform cutting processing on the workpiece; the control system can control the tool to be in a retracted state, in which the tool is retracted relative to the cutter head toward a direction away from the workpiece in the retracted state, and the retraction amount is controlled by the control system, and the tool is separated from the workpiece surface to complete a single cutting processing.

[0013] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, in order to better realize automated long piece processing, improve the long piece processing accuracy and long piece processing efficiency, reduce the installation difficulty and debugging difficulty of the control part, reduce the control cost, simplify the drive structure, and improve the tool disc movement efficiency and activity accuracy, the method includes: the control system can use one of mechanical transmission, magnetic coupling transmission, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive to control the movement or positioning of the tool disc, control the extension and retraction of the tool, and control the rotation of the spindle or workpiece.

[0014] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, in order to better realize automated long piece processing, improve the long piece processing accuracy and long piece processing efficiency, reduce the installation difficulty and debugging difficulty of the control part, reduce the control cost, simplify the drive structure, and improve the activity efficiency and activity accuracy of the cutter disc, the spindle part has a piston cavity for installing a magnetic piston, and the cutter disc part has a magnetic part for magnetically coupling the magnetic piston, and the piston cavity is connected to the pneumatic device of the control system. The method includes: the moving state is that the control system controls the pneumatic device to drive the magnetic piston to move along the piston cavity through changes in air pressure and uses magnetic coupling to drive the cutter disc part to move.

[0015] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, in order to better realize automated long piece processing, improve the long piece processing accuracy and long piece processing efficiency, reduce the installation difficulty and debugging difficulty of the control part, reduce the control cost, simplify the drive structure, and improve the activity efficiency and activity accuracy of the cutter disc, the cutter disc has a retractable locating pin and a locating cylinder for installing the locating pin, the spindle has a locating hole for the locating pin to extend into, and the locating cylinder is connected to the hydraulic device of the control system. The method includes: the positioning state is that the control system controls the hydraulic device to drive the locating pin to extend into the locating hole through oil pressure changes to limit the position of the cutter disc relative to the spindle.

[0016] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, in order to better realize automated long piece processing, improve the long piece processing accuracy and long piece processing efficiency, reduce the installation difficulty and debugging difficulty of the control part, reduce the control cost, simplify the drive structure, and improve the activity efficiency and activity accuracy of the cutter disc, the cutter disc has a cutter disc cylinder for installing the tool, and the cutter disc cylinder is connected to the hydraulic device of the control system, and the method comprises: the extended state is that the control system controls the hydraulic device to drive the tool to move in a direction away from the center of the cutter disc through oil pressure changes; the retracted state is that the control system controls the hydraulic device to drive the tool to move in a direction close to the center of the cutter disc through oil pressure changes.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention is provided with at least three retractable cutting tools at intervals on the circumference of the cutter head. When processing the inner hole structure of a long workpiece, each cutting tool can share the cutting force when cutting the workpiece. Compared with the cutting force of a single cutting tool, the cutting stability of the cutting tool is effectively improved, the elastic vibration deformation caused by cutting is reduced, and the cutting accuracy of the long workpiece is guaranteed. When cutting, the principle of self-determining the center of a circle by three points can be used to ensure the coincidence accuracy of the cutting rotation line and the spindle rotation line, and the phenomenon of tool letting go during the cutting process can be reduced. For the processing of different apertures, a plurality of cutting tools with different tool lengths can be used to realize the function of turning the inner hole of the workpiece; when processing long workpieces, In the case of a special external structure (i.e. the workpiece rotates but the tool does not move), after a single tool is worn during the cutting process, it can be replaced by another tool by rotating the spindle to continue cutting. The tool can be re-clamped without stopping the processing, thereby realizing the function of turning the outer surface of the workpiece. In another processing situation (i.e. the tool rotates but the workpiece does not move), multiple tools rotate around the spindle to form rotary cutting, thereby realizing the function of milling the outer surface of the workpiece. There is no need to frequently replace the tool, to disassemble and align it, or to adjust the tool position in batches. The entire long piece processing can be completed with a single clamping, which effectively improves the processing accuracy, coaxial accuracy and processing efficiency of long piece processing, and is convenient for users to use.

[0018] 2. The present invention can implement cutting by hydraulically driven telescopic method. The telescopic movement of the tool is affected by the flexible support of the hydraulic device, which can absorb part of the mechanical vibration and reduce the damage to the tool when subjected to abnormal processing force, thereby reducing the elastic vibration deformation caused by the cutting process, improving processing accuracy and reducing production costs.

[0019] 3. In the present invention, multiple cutter discs can be installed on the main shaft, and multiple cutter discs can be used to process the same workpiece position, or to process different workpiece positions, so as to realize processing of the same processing position or different processing positions. Processing and forming can be completed with a single clamping, effectively ensuring the overall coaxiality requirements of the long structure, and avoiding errors such as tool changing and tool setting caused by repeated adjustment and disassembly of the tool, as well as the influence of the reference error on the final processing error.

[0020] 4. The two ends of the spindle component in the length direction of the present invention are respectively installed on the machine tool. Both ends of the spindle component have the support effect of external force to form a simply supported beam structure. Compared with the cantilever beam structure of the existing tool clamping, both ends of the spindle component are supported by force, which provides a solid foundation for anti-seismic and shock-absorbing for long piece processing. When actually cutting the inner hole structure, the principle of self-determining the center of a circle by three points can be used to form a balanced force on the circumferential direction of the cutter disc, thereby further improving the overall anti-seismic and shock-absorbing stability effect.

[0021] 5. The present invention adopts a magnetic piston inside the main shaft to drive the cutter disc to move axially along the main shaft, and controls the movement of the magnetic piston through a pneumatic device. There is no need for a large number of driving structures to extend into the workpiece, which simplifies the driving method of the tool movement and solves the problem of adjusting the workpiece position or replacing the tool due to the size of the workpiece during the processing of long pieces. The pneumatic principle and magnetic coupling are used to realize the remote movement of the tool, reduce physical connections, and reduce the complexity of the structural design. It can adapt to the processing of different workpiece depths or different workpiece apertures.

[0022] 6. The present invention adopts a pipeline integrated ring on the main shaft to optimize the stability of the pipeline connection. The pipeline integrated ring is divided into two parts, a movable ring and a stationary ring. The movable ring is used to reduce the rotational force distortion effect of the main shaft on the external hose of the main shaft when the main shaft rotates at high speed, thereby avoiding bending, twisting, clogging and entanglement of the hose due to the influence of rotation. The stationary ring is installed on the main shaft to ensure the connection stability of the main shaft to the external hose of the main shaft when the main shaft rotates at high speed, thereby avoiding the situation that the hose cannot keep up with the rotation speed of the cutter disc or the rotation is not synchronized, thereby improving the connection stability of the internal and external hoses and facilitating smooth and stable connection of the pipelines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a long piece processing tool of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is the second structural schematic diagram of a long piece processing tool of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Magnified view of CC cutaway.

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 2 D magnified view.

[0027] Figure 5 for Figure 3 E magnified view.

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 3 F magnified view.

[0029] Figure 7 The third schematic diagram of the tool of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 The fourth schematic diagram of the tool of the present invention.

[0031] Fig. 9 This is the fifth structural schematic diagram of a long piece processing tool and control system of the present invention.

[0032] Fig.10It is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a long workpiece processing tool and a control system of the present invention.

[0033] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the steps of the tool driving method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Embodiment 1: like Figures 1 to 8 The long piece processing tool shown in the figure includes a tool assembly 200 and a spindle assembly 100 for installing the tool assembly 200. The spindle assembly 100 includes a spindle member 11 for supporting and moving the tool assembly 200. The spindle member 11 has a guide rail member 111 for limiting the directional movement of the tool assembly 200 (the guide rail member 111 is integrally formed on the outer side of the spindle member 11). The spindle member 11 is a main spindle body for installing the tool assembly 200 and performing rotary cutting processing. The main spindle body is cylindrical in shape so as to be better installed on a machine tool. Taking the processing of the inner hole structure as an example, after the spindle member 11 and the tool assembly 200 are inserted into the inner hole structure inside the workpiece, the spindle member 11 is installed on the machine tool, and the machine tool drives the spindle member 11 to rotate and drive the tool assembly 200 to perform the processing steps. The guide rail member 111 is a sliding linear guide rail arranged on the outer surface of the spindle member 11 to limit the directional movement of the tool assembly 200. When in use, the machine tool drives the tool assembly 200 to move forward or backward along the guide rail member 111 toward the axial direction of the spindle member 11, and a sliding connection is adopted between the tool assembly 200 and the guide rail member 111; More specifically, the tool assembly 200 includes a cutter disc 201 for processing long pieces. The cutter disc 201 is installed on the outer wall of the main shaft 11 and is slidably connected with the guide rail 111. The tool body 21 of the cutter disc 201 is provided with a guide rail limit opening that matches the outer contour of the guide rail 111. The main shaft 11 can be provided with more than two mutually parallel guide rails 111. The tool body 21 is provided with a corresponding number of guide rail limit openings at the positions corresponding to the guide rails 111, so that the sliding of the cutter disc 201 is more stable and the supporting force of the main shaft 11 is more stable. When in use, the machine tool (which can adopt one of the methods such as mechanical transmission, magnetic coupling transmission, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive) drives the cutter disc 201 to slide forward or backward along the extension direction of the guide rail 111 relative to the main shaft 11, thereby realizing the flexibility of processing the cutter disc 201.

[0036] More specifically, the cutter disc 201 has at least three retractable tools 24, which are arranged at intervals around the circumference of the rotation axis of the spindle member 11. The machine tool (which can adopt one of the following methods, such as mechanical transmission, magnetic coupling transmission, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive) drives each tool 24 to uniformly extend and retract, so that the tool 24 can move and extend from the cutter disc 201 toward the surface of the workpiece. When the part of the tool 24 used for cutting contacts the surface of the workpiece, it is driven by the machine tool to push into the workpiece and perform cutting processing on the surface of the workpiece. After the processing is completed, the machine tool drives the tools 24 to uniformly retract toward the center of the cutter disc 201. Finally, the machine tool drives the cutter disc 201 to move and withdraw to a position close to the outside world of the workpiece. After disassembling the spindle assembly 100 and the tool assembly 200, the workpiece can be disassembled or replaced to prepare for the processing of the next workpiece.

[0037] As another embodiment of Example 1, when processing the outer surface structure of a long workpiece (i.e., the workpiece is stationary and the tool rotates), the spindle member 11 can be installed on the machine tool at a position close to the workpiece, so that the guide rail member 111 of the spindle member 11 is parallel to the surface of the workpiece, and the machine tool drives the spindle member 11 to rotate to drive the tool assembly 200 to perform the processing step.

[0038] As another embodiment of Example 1, when processing the outer surface structure of a long workpiece (i.e., the tool does not move while the workpiece rotates), the spindle member 11 can be installed on the machine tool at a position close to the workpiece, so that the guide rail member 111 of the spindle member 11 is parallel to the surface of the workpiece, and the machine tool drives the tool assembly 200 to move and perform the processing steps.

[0039] As another embodiment 101 of embodiment 1, Figures 1 to 8 A long piece processing tool is shown, and the tool assembly 200 includes a plurality of cutter discs 201 installed on a spindle member 11, and each cutter disc 201 is installed with at least three retractable cutters 24. After the cutter 24 is extended to the maximum stroke, the rotary cutting outer diameter of the tool tip 241 is the maximum processing outer diameter. The maximum processing outer diameter of each cutter disc 201 of this embodiment is the same. The structure with the same maximum processing outer diameter can unify the cutting depth of the processing position. Compared with a single cutter disc 201, multiple cutter discs 201 with the same maximum processing outer diameter can simultaneously process hole structures at multiple different positions, thereby accelerating the cutting speed and improving the cutting efficiency. Moreover, in the process of processing the hole structure, the three cutter discs simultaneously contact the workpiece for cutting, which is more stable than cutting with a single cutter disc 201, and is convenient for users to use.

[0040] As another embodiment 102 of embodiment 1, Fig.10A long piece processing tool is shown, and the tool assembly 200 includes a plurality of cutter discs 201 mounted on a spindle member 11, and each cutter disc 201 is installed with at least three retractable cutters 24. After the cutter 24 is extended to the maximum stroke, the rotary cutting outer diameter of the tool tip 241 is the maximum processing outer diameter. The maximum processing outer diameter of each cutter disc 201 of this embodiment is different. Compared with a single cutter disc 201, a plurality of cutter discs 201 with different maximum processing outer diameters can simultaneously process a plurality of inner hole structures or outer surface structures with different axial diameters and different positions, and can be applied to more complex long piece processing. The processing can be completed with a single clamping without disassembling the tool and the workpiece, effectively ensuring the coaxiality of the long piece structure, accelerating the cutting speed, improving the cutting efficiency, providing processing accuracy, and facilitating user use.

[0041] As another embodiment 103 of embodiment 1, Figure 2 A long piece processing tool is shown, the spindle member 11 of this embodiment can adopt a detachable split structure, and the spindle member 11 can be divided into at least two split shaft segments. More specifically, taking the two-segment split shaft segment as an example, the spindle member 11 is divided into a first shaft segment A and a second shaft segment B, and each independent shaft segment has a shaft segment connecting portion for connecting to each other and a machine tool connecting portion for connecting to a machine tool; More specifically, the end of the first shaft segment A close to the second shaft segment B is the first connecting portion 11.1, the end of the first shaft segment A away from the second shaft segment B is the machine tool connecting portion, the end of the second shaft segment B close to the first shaft segment A is the second connecting portion 11.2, and the end of the second shaft segment B away from the first shaft segment A is the machine tool connecting portion. Taking the processing of the inner hole structure as an example, the first connecting portion 11.1 of the first shaft segment A extends from one side of the inner hole structure of the long piece, and the second connecting portion 11.2 of the second shaft segment B extends from the other side of the inner hole structure of the long piece. The first connecting portion 11.1 and the second connecting portion 11.2 are connected in a detachable manner (one of the connection methods, such as threaded connection, snap connection, magnetic connection, friction plug-in connection, etc., can be used) so that the first shaft segment A and the second shaft segment B form a complete and stable main shaft component 11 to facilitate subsequent processing. When processing the outer surface structure, the first shaft segment A and the second shaft segment B can be directly connected in a detachable manner outside the workpiece.

[0042] As another embodiment 104 of embodiment 1, Figure 1 to Figure 2A long piece processing tool is shown in the figure. The spindle member 11 of this embodiment is respectively provided with a first spindle support member 14 and a second spindle support member 15 at both side ends thereof installed on a machine tool. The spindle support members are used as transfer members between the spindle member 11 and the machine tool. One of the first spindle support member 14 and the second spindle support member 15 is installed on a power output device of the machine tool, and the other of the first spindle support member 14 and the second spindle support member 15 is installed on a spindle clamping mechanism of the machine tool. By transferring and installing the first spindle support member 14 and the second spindle support member 15 on the machine tool, it is convenient for the machine tool to better clamp and drive the spindle member 11, and the first spindle support member 14 and the second spindle support member 15 can also be used. Part 15 adjusts the overlap between the center axis of the spindle component 11 and the machining axis of the inner hole structure of the workpiece, so that the installation of the spindle assembly meets the coaxiality requirement of the workpiece machining, improves the machining accuracy and clamping accuracy, and the machine tool clamps the first spindle support component 14 and the second spindle support component 15 during clamping to avoid the machine tool directly clamping the spindle component 11 to cause clamping loss or clamping deformation of the spindle component 11, thereby improving the durability of the spindle component 11. The spindle component 11 can also be adapted to machine tools with different clamping structures by replacing the first spindle support component 14 and the second spindle support component 15, thereby improving the practical adaptability of the spindle assembly 100, reducing the installation difficulty of the spindle component 11, and improving the clamping efficiency of the spindle component 11.

[0043] As another embodiment 105 of embodiment 1, the main shaft member 11 is installed with a guide member 111 for limiting the moving direction of the tool assembly 200. The guide member 111 of this embodiment is installed on the outer side of the main shaft member 11 (not shown) by fasteners (such as screws, bolts, etc.), so that the guide member 111 is detachable and convenient for users to replace it regularly to ensure the sliding accuracy of the cutter disc member 201, and also convenient for users to adjust the installation position of the guide member 111.

[0044] Embodiment 2: Based on any of the above embodiments, Figure 3 and Figure 5The cutter disc 201 shown in the figure has a cutter disc cylinder 23 for installing a cutter 24. The middle part of the cutter disc cylinder 23 has a hollow through-going cylinder inner cavity 231. The cutter 24 is installed in the cylinder inner cavity 231. A movable change space that can accommodate liquid or gas is formed between the cutter 24 and the cylinder inner cavity 231. The movable change space is connected to the cutter disc pipeline interface 211 located on the outer surface of the cutter disc 201 through the internal pipeline structure of the cutter disc 201. The external drive device can be connected to the cylinder inner cavity 231 through the cutter disc pipeline interface 211, which is convenient for The tool 24 is extended or retracted by injecting liquid or gas through pressure. The tool 24 includes a tip portion 241 and a blade portion 242. The tip portion 241 is used to contact and cut the surface material of the workpiece, and the blade portion 242 is used for the tool 24 to be extended or retracted in a directional manner. The blade portion 242 and the cylinder body 231 are connected by a matching sliding connection. When in use, the blade portion 242 is driven by a machine tool (which can be driven by mechanical transmission, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive) to extend and retract the tool 24 to achieve a telescopic effect of the tool.

[0045] More specifically, a blade stopper 25 for limiting the extension distance of the tool 24 is installed in the cylinder cavity 231 of the cutter head cylinder 23. When the tool 24 is extended, it is driven by the machine tool and moves to the position where the blade portion 242 touches the blade stopper 25 and then stops extending. The extension distance of the tool 24 is limited by the blade stopper 25, and the maximum outer diameter of the tool tip portion 241 can be limited. That is, the final workpiece processing structure is determined by the blade stopper 25. The user can adjust the blade stopper 25 installed in the cylinder cavity 231 according to the actual processing position. The position of 31, for long structures with different processing positions, the user can adjust the positions of the blade limiters 25 corresponding to the processing positions of the multiple tool discs 201 respectively. Taking the processing of the inner hole structure as an example, the extension distance of the tool 24 is limited by the blade limiter 25, and there is no need to manually pause the processing to extend into the long structure for measurement. The final processing and forming can be completed according to the positioning of the blade limiter 25, thereby improving the processing efficiency, simplifying the processing and proofreading steps, avoiding the difficulty of users entering the interior to measure and calibrate the processing dimensions during the processing of the inner hole of the long piece, and facilitating user use.

[0046] As another embodiment 201 of embodiment 2, Figures 7 and 8 A long piece processing tool is shown, in which the tip portion 241 of this embodiment can be detachably connected to the blade body portion 242, and the tip portion 241 becomes an individual part independent of the blade body portion 242. The volume of the tip portion 241 is smaller than that of the blade body portion 242. On this basis, the tip portion 241 can be made of a hard material suitable for machining (such as cemented carbide or hard ceramics), and the blade body portion 242 only needs to be made of a material that meets the requirements of good rigidity, good strength and good shock resistance, thereby reducing the use of hard materials, reducing the production and maintenance costs of the tool 24, and thus reducing the production cost; More specifically, the blade tip portion 241 can be detachably connected to the blade body portion 242 by using a fastener 243 (such as a buckle, a reverse buckle, a screw, a bolt, a screw, etc.), the blade tip portion 241 is provided with a blade tip limiting hole 2411 for the fastener 243 to pass through, the blade tip limiting hole 2411 adopts a hollow through-hole structure, the blade body portion 242 is provided with a blade body fastening hole 2421 corresponding to the position of the blade tip limiting hole 2411, and the inner wall of the fastening hole 2421 adopts a fastening structure (such as a buckle, a reverse buckle, a reverse buckle or a thread, etc.) that cooperates with the fastener 243, so that the user can conveniently disassemble, install and replace the tool 24 when maintaining it; More specifically, if Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the blade tip portion 241 can be mounted on the top of the blade body portion 242 (i.e. Figure 7 242, or mounted on the side of the blade body portion 242 (i.e. Figure 8 The user can select different installation structures and installation positions according to actual processing needs. Preferably, the following are selected: Figure 8 The installation structure shown has better cutting force resistance and cutting vibration resistance, reduces elastic vibration deformation generated during the cutting process, and is beneficial to improving cutting processing accuracy.

[0047] As another embodiment 202 of the embodiment 201, the blade body portion 242 has a blade tip limiting structure (not shown) for limiting the installation position of the blade tip portion 241. The blade tip limiting structure is used for contacting the lateral contact surface of the blade tip portion 241, and is inclined from the bottom toward the outside relative to the blade tip installation plane where the blade body fastening hole 2421 is located, which can better limit the installation position of the blade tip portion 241.

[0048] Embodiment 3: Based on any of the above embodiments, Figures 1 to 3A long piece processing tool shown in the figure has a piston cavity 113 for installing a magnetic piston 12 inside the spindle part 11. The magnetic piston 12 is a piston component with magnetic force. The outer diameter of the magnetic piston 12 is slidably connected with the piston cavity 113. A magnetic part 22 is installed at a position of the cutter head part 201 close to the spindle part 11. The magnetic part 22 is also a magnetic fixing part with magnetic force. The magnetic part 22 is fixedly linked to the position of the cutter head part 201 close to the spindle part 11. The magnetic piston 12 and the magnetic part 22 form a magnetic coupling. The magnetic coupling achieves mutual magnetic adsorption by using different magnetic poles. The spindle part 11 of this embodiment can be made of non-magnetic material to avoid affecting the magnetic coupling effect between the magnetic part 22 and the magnetic piston 12. When the magnetic part 22 and the magnetic piston 12 approach each other and enter the magnetic influence range of each other, the magnetic adsorption force of magnetic opposite poles is used to form a magnetic coupling. When the magnetic piston 12 moves, the magnetic coupling is used to drive the cutter head part 201 through the magnetic part 22 to achieve the movement of the cutter head part 201.

[0049] More specifically, the present embodiment uses an external drive device to drive the movement of the magnetic piston 12 in the piston chamber 113. The external drive device can be a pneumatic device 300 (one of the devices such as an air pressure pump and an air pressure cylinder can be used) or a hydraulic device 400 (one of the devices such as a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic cylinder can be used). The pneumatic device 300 is a gas drive device that uses compressed gas and air pressure difference to change the gas flow direction to implement directional drive. The hydraulic device 400 is a liquid drive device that uses hydraulic oil and oil pressure difference to change the liquid flow direction to implement directional drive. When gas or liquid is input into the piston chamber 113, the effect of air pressure or oil pressure is used to push the magnetic piston 12 to move in the piston chamber 113. Taking air pressure drive as an example, when in use, the pneumatic device 300 is connected to the piston chamber 113 through the air pipe 31, and the cutter head 201 is installed. The magnetic piston 12 is installed in the piston cavity 113 inside the main shaft part 11 on the guide rail part 111 outside the main shaft part 11, and the cutter head part 201 is installed at a position close to the magnetic piston 12, so that the magnetic piston 12 and the magnetic part 22 form a magnetic coupling, and the pneumatic device 300 can connect different piston cavities 113 from both ends of the main shaft part 11 through the air pipe 31 (after the magnetic piston 12 is installed in the piston cavity 113, a first piston cavity and a second piston cavity that are not connected on both sides of the main shaft part 11 are formed), and the gas in the piston cavity 113 is input or extracted by the pneumatic device 300, and the magnetic piston 12 is driven to move axially along the piston cavity 113 toward the main shaft part 11 by the gas and air pressure. When the magnetic piston 12 moves, the magnetic coupling is used to drive the cutter head part 201 through the magnetic part 22 to realize movement on the guide rail part 111, and the hydraulic drive is the same.

[0050] Embodiment 4: On the basis of any of the above embodiments, in order to further enhance the precision positioning and processing stability of the cutter head 201 on the spindle 11, as Figures 1 to 3 as well as Figure 6 and Fig. 9 A long piece processing tool shown in the figure has a positioning cylinder body 26 installed at a position of the tool disc 201 near the main shaft part 11, and the positioning cylinder body 26 is installed with a positioning pin 261 which can be extended toward the guide rail part 111. The guide rail part 111 is provided with a positioning hole 112 for the positioning pin 261 to extend into. The end of the positioning pin 261 near the positioning hole 112 adopts a conical pin head, and the positioning hole 112 adopts a conical hole cavity that cooperates with the conical pin head. The self-centering effect of the cone is utilized to improve the positioning accuracy. A plurality of positioning holes 112 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the guide rail part 111, and the positioning cylinder body 26 is connected to the outside world through the tool disc pipeline interface 211.

[0051] More specifically, the present embodiment uses an external driving device to drive the positioning pin 261 to move in the positioning cylinder 26. The external driving device can be a pneumatic device 300 (which can be a pneumatic pump, a pneumatic cylinder, etc.) or a hydraulic device 400 (which can be a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic cylinder, etc.). The pneumatic device 300 is a gas driving device that uses compressed gas and gas pressure difference to change the gas flow direction to implement directional drive. The hydraulic device 400 is a liquid driving device that uses hydraulic oil and oil pressure difference to change the liquid flow direction to implement directional drive. When gas or liquid is input into the positioning cylinder 26, the effect of gas pressure or oil pressure is used to push the positioning pin 261 to move in the positioning cylinder 26, and the hydraulic pressure is used to drive the positioning pin 261 to move in the positioning cylinder 26. Taking the hydraulic drive as an example, when the cutter disc 201 stops moving and enters the positioning state, the hydraulic device 400 outputs hydraulic oil through the cutter disc pipeline interface 211 into the positioning cylinder 26, and uses oil pressure to push the positioning pin 261 into the positioning hole 112 to limit the position of the cutter disc 201 on the spindle 11. The same is true for the pneumatic drive. On this basis, multiple positioning pins 261 are used to extend into the positioning holes 112 respectively, which can further enhance the processing stability of the cutter disc 201. Positioning through more than three positioning pins 261 can also utilize the principle of three-point self-centering to improve the coincidence and coaxiality of the center axis of the cutter disc 201 and the center axis of the spindle 11, which helps the stability and accuracy of subsequent long piece processing.

[0052] Embodiment 5: On the basis of any of the above embodiments, in order to solve the problem that the hose of the external drive device is easily entangled with the main shaft 11, the workpiece 700 and the cutter head 201, resulting in a processing accident, as shown in FIG. Figures 1 to 4 as well as Fig. 9A long piece processing tool shown in the figure, the main shaft part 11 is installed with a pipeline integration ring 13 for connecting the hose of the external driving device and the cutter head part 201, the hose can be an air pipe 31 or an oil pipe 41, the pipeline integration ring 13 has a movable ring 131 and a stationary ring 132, the movable ring 131 is movably connected to the main shaft part 11, the stationary ring 132 is tightly connected to the main shaft part 11, the movable ring 131 can flexibly rotate relative to the main shaft part 11, the movable ring 131 and the main shaft part 11 are connected by rollers (one of the structures such as needle rollers and ball rollers can be used) to reduce friction and realize movable connection, the stationary ring 132 is tightly connected to the surface of the main shaft part 11 (interference fit or snap fit), so that when the main shaft part 11 rotates, it can drive the stationary ring 132 to rotate synchronously; More specifically, an annular pipeline 133 for liquid or gas circulation is provided between the stationary ring 132 and the movable ring 131, a hose of the external drive device is connected to the annular oil pipe input port G of the movable ring 131, a hose of the cutter head 201 is connected to the annular oil pipe output port H of the stationary ring 132, the annular oil pipe input port G and the annular oil pipe output port H are respectively connected to the annular pipeline 133, and taking hydraulic drive as an example, when in use, the hydraulic oil of the hydraulic device 400 enters the annular pipeline 133 from the annular oil pipe input port G via the oil pipe 41, and then enters the annular pipeline 133 from the annular pipeline 133 via the annular oil pipe output port H and the oil pipe 41. Entering into the cutter disc 201, the pipeline is connected, and the reverse reflux of hydraulic oil is similar. When the main shaft 11 rotates, the movable ring 131 uses the roller to move relative to the main shaft 11, so that the oil pipe 41 connected to the hydraulic device 400 is not affected by the rotation and caused by twisting and entanglement. The stationary ring 132 keeps rotating synchronously with the main shaft 11, so that the oil pipe 41 connected to the cutter disc 201 can be stationary relative to the main shaft 11 and the cutter disc 201. The pneumatic drive is similar, and is not affected by the rotation and caused by twisting and entanglement, thereby realizing flexible connection of the pipeline during rotation, which is convenient for users.

[0053] Embodiment 6: like Figures 1 to 11 The tool driving method shown is applied to a machine tool equipped with a long workpiece processing tool, the machine tool includes a control system capable of controlling the movement or positioning of the cutter head 201, controlling the extension and retraction of the tool 24, and controlling the rotation of the spindle 11 or the workpiece, and the method includes: S1. The control system can control the cutter head 201 to be in a moving state or a positioning state. In the moving state, the cutter head 201 moves to a processing position along the guide rail 111. In the positioning state, the cutter head 201 is limited to a position on the guide rail 111. S2, the control system can control the spindle motor 600 to drive the spindle member 11 to rotate, or control the spindle motor 600 to drive the workpiece to rotate; S3, the control system can control the tool 24 to be in an extended state, in which the tool 24 is extended relative to the cutter head 201 toward the workpiece and the feed rate is controlled by the control system, and the tool 24 contacts the surface of the workpiece to perform cutting processing on the workpiece; S4. The control system can control the tool 24 to be in a retracted state. In the retracted state, the tool 24 is retracted relative to the cutter head 201 in a direction away from the workpiece and the retraction amount is controlled by the control system. The tool 24 is separated from the workpiece surface to complete a single cutting process.

[0054] More specifically, in order to better automatically control the operations of cutting, cutting depth, feed movement, retract movement, idle movement, etc. during the long piece processing, the control system of the machine tool includes a control module 500 with logical operation capability for controlling each motion unit (such as movement, chip removal, measurement, workpiece loading and unloading clamping, etc.), and the control module 500 is managed and controlled by a control unit 51 (which can be a computer, PLC or single-chip microcomputer) to uniformly manage and control the operation or start and stop of the devices and equipment in the long piece processing, so as to realize the automated production of the long piece processing, and a display unit 52 (which can be a display screen or a touch screen) can also be added to intuitively display the processing status; Before processing, the control module 500 (which may adopt one of the following methods, such as mechanical transmission, magnetic coupling transmission, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive) controls the movement or positioning of the cutter head 201, controls the extension and retraction of the cutter 24, and controls the rotation of the spindle 11 or the workpiece. Taking the spindle motor 600 driving the spindle 11 to rotate as an example, the control module 500 controls the spindle motor 600 to drive the spindle 11 to rotate through the output end (or in one of the following methods, such as belt drive or gear drive), and the control module 500 (which may adopt one of the following methods, such as mechanical transmission, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive) controls the cutter 24 to extend in a direction away from the center of the cutter head 201 (i.e., in an extended state). When the cutter 24 contacts the surface of the long structure, it is driven by the rotation of the spindle 11 to rotate and perform cutting processing on the workpiece. After the processing is completed, the control module 500 controls the cutter 24 to separate from the workpiece and retract it to the cutter head 201. The control module 500 drives the cutter head 201 to the next processing position again until all the processing positions of the long structure are processed.

[0055] More specifically, after the processing is completed, the control module 500 executes a retract instruction, controls the tool 24 to retract the cutter disc component 201 (i.e., it is in a retracted state), controls the spindle motor 600 to stop the rotation of the spindle component 11, and controls the cutter disc component 201 to move toward the workpiece close to the outside world (i.e., it is in a moving state). After the cutter disc component 201 moves to the initial position along the guide rail component 111, the processing is completed. The user can remove the spindle component 11 to smoothly remove the processed workpiece 700 from the machine tool, or replace the workpiece 700 and reinstall the unprocessed workpiece to prepare for the next long piece processing.

[0056] As another embodiment 601 of embodiment 6, the spindle motor 600 of this embodiment is used to drive the workpiece 700 to rotate. At this time, the long piece processing tool is firmly installed on the machine tool. The control module 500 controls the spindle motor 600 to drive the workpiece 700 to rotate through the output end (or by belt drive, gear drive, etc.), and the control module 500 controls the long piece processing tool to move or feed to process the workpiece 700.

[0057] As another embodiment 602 of embodiment 6, the main shaft component 11 of this embodiment has a piston cavity 113 for installing the magnetic piston 12, and the cutter disc component 201 has a magnetic component 22 for magnetically coupling the magnetic piston 12. The piston cavity 113 is connected to the pneumatic device 300 of the control system, and the method includes: the moving state is that the control system controls the pneumatic device 300 to drive the magnetic piston 12 to move along the piston cavity 113 through air pressure changes and uses magnetic coupling to drive the cutter disc component 201 to move. Air pressure is used to drive the movement of the magnetic piston 12. There is no need to worry about oil leakage during use, and the environment is guaranteed to be clean. The purchase cost of the pneumatic device 300 is lower than that of the hydraulic device 400, and the medium input into the piston cavity 113 of the pneumatic device 300 is gas. The gas is light in weight. Compared with the hydraulic drive method, it can reduce the load of the main shaft component 11, and facilitate more flexible and efficient movement.

[0058] As another embodiment 603 of embodiment 602, this embodiment can also use hydraulic drive to move the magnetic piston 12, thereby improving the driving force in use, and can drive a magnetic piston 12 and a cutter head 201 with a larger volume or heavier weight. Since the compression coefficient of hydraulic oil is smaller than that of gas, the movement accuracy of hydraulic drive is higher than that of pneumatic drive, and the transmission is more stable.

[0059] As another embodiment 604 of embodiment 6, the cutter disc component 201 of this embodiment has a retractable positioning pin 261 and a positioning cylinder body 26 for installing the positioning pin 261, the main shaft component 11 has a positioning hole 112 for the positioning pin 261 to extend into, and the positioning cylinder body 26 is connected to the hydraulic device 400 of the control system. The method includes: the positioning state is that the control system controls the hydraulic device 400 to drive the positioning pin 261 to extend into the positioning hole 112 through oil pressure changes to limit the position of the cutter disc component 201 relative to the main shaft component 11. This embodiment uses hydraulic drive to move the positioning pin 261 to improve the driving force during use. Since the compression coefficient of the hydraulic oil is smaller than the compression coefficient of the gas, the positioning pin 261 can be firmly pressed to extend, so that the positioning pin 261 will not easily loosen the positioning hole 112.

[0060] As another embodiment 605 of embodiment 604, this embodiment may also use pneumatic drive to move the positioning pin 261. The response efficiency and moving speed of pneumatic drive are higher than those of hydraulic drive, and the positioning pin 261 can be quickly extended or retracted, thereby improving the efficiency of the locked position and the unlocked position.

[0061] As another embodiment 606 of embodiment 6, the cutter disc 201 of this embodiment has a cutter disc cylinder 23 for installing a tool 24, and the cutter disc cylinder 23 is connected to the hydraulic device 400 of the control system, and the method includes: the extended state is that the control system controls the hydraulic device 400 to drive the tool 24 to move in a direction away from the center of the cutter disc 201 through oil pressure changes; the retracted state is that the control system controls the hydraulic device 400 to drive the tool 24 to move in a direction close to the center of the cutter disc 201 through oil pressure changes. This embodiment adopts hydraulic drive to move the tool 24, and implements cutting by hydraulic drive extension and retraction. The extension and retraction of the tool 24 is affected by the flexible support of the hydraulic oil, which can absorb part of the mechanical vibration. When subjected to abnormal processing force, it can reduce damage to the tool 24, reduce the elastic vibration deformation caused by the cutting process, and reduce production costs. At the same time, the driving force of the hydraulic drive is larger and more stable than that of the pneumatic drive, which can improve the processing accuracy.

[0062] As another embodiment 607 of embodiment 606, this embodiment can also use pneumatic pressure to drive the movement of the tool 24. The gas is also a flexible support, and the compression coefficient of the gas is larger than the compression coefficient of the liquid, and can withstand more mechanical vibrations. In addition, the purchase cost of the pneumatic device 300 is lower than the purchase cost of the hydraulic device 400, and it can be suitable for rough processing of long parts or processing of workpieces made of soft materials.

[0063] Embodiment 7: like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the specific implementation method of processing the inner hole structure of a long piece is as follows: In this embodiment, more than two cutter discs 201 are installed on the outside of the main shaft 11, and each cutter disc 201 is connected to each other by an oil pipe 41. In addition, more than two magnetic pistons 12 are installed on the inside of the main shaft 11, and each magnetic piston 12 is precisely separated by a positioning partition 121.

[0064] Assembly step a: During assembly, the magnetic piston 12 is installed into the piston cavity 113 of the main shaft 11, and the cutter head 201 is installed at the position of the guide rail 111 of the main shaft 11 corresponding to the magnetic piston 12, so that each guide rail 111 is installed correspondingly to the guide rail 111 installation opening of the cutter head body 21, and the extension direction of the positioning pin 261 is toward the side of the guide rail 111 having the positioning hole 112, and the pipeline integrated ring 13 is installed on the outer surface of the main shaft 11, and the hydraulic device 400 is connected to the pipeline integrated ring 13 through the oil pipe 41, and the pipeline integrated ring 13 is connected to the pipeline integrated ring 13 through the oil pipe 41. The tube 41 is connected to the cutter disc 201, and then the first spindle support 14 is installed at one end of the first shaft section A away from the first connecting part 11.1, and the second spindle support 15 is installed at one end of the second shaft section B away from the second connecting part 11.2. One of the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the pneumatic device 300 is connected to the cavity opening of the piston chamber 113 of the first shaft section A away from the first connecting part 11.1 through the air pipe 31, and the other air inlet end and the air outlet end of the pneumatic device 300 is connected to the cavity opening of the piston chamber 113 of the second shaft section B away from the second connecting part 11.2 through the air pipe 31.

[0065] Assembly step b: Before processing, first clamp the workpiece 700 with a long structure on the machine tool fixture, extend one end of the first shaft segment A with the first connecting portion 11.1 from one side of the workpiece 700 into the inner hole structure of the long piece, and then extend one end of the second shaft segment B with the second connecting portion 11.2 from the other side of the workpiece 700 into the inner hole structure of the long piece, the first connecting portion 11.1 and the second connecting portion 11.2 are matched and connected so that the first shaft segment A and the second shaft segment B form a complete spindle component 11, one of the first spindle support component 14 and the second spindle support component 15 is limitedly connected to the spindle motor 600 so that the output end of the spindle motor 600 can drive the spindle component 11 to rotate, and the other of the first spindle support component 14 and the second spindle support component 15 is limitedly connected to the machine tool so that the spindle component 11 is coaxial with the workpiece 700, or the position of the spindle support component on the machine tool is adjusted so that the spindle component 11 is coaxial with the workpiece 700.

[0066] Assembly step c: The control module 500 is electrically connected to the pneumatic device 300, the hydraulic device 400 and the spindle motor 600 respectively to centrally control the orderly operation of each motion module, and check whether all air pipes 31 and oil pipes 41 are tightly connected and unobstructed to avoid accidents such as air leakage and oil leakage during processing.

[0067] Processing step d: During processing, the control unit 51 controls the pneumatic device 300 to start and output compressed gas to be input into one piston chamber 113 through the air pipe 31, and at the same time controls the pneumatic device 300 to reflux the compressed gas in the other piston chamber 113, so that the magnetic piston 12 moves along the cavity wall of the piston chamber 113 toward the processing forward direction, that is, the direction of extending into the inner hole structure of the long piece. Under the action of magnetic coupling between the magnetic piston 12 and the magnetic member 22, the magnetic piston 12 drives the cutter head member 201 to move linearly along the guide rail member 111. When the cutter head member 201 moves to the preset position, the control unit 51 controls the pneumatic device 300 to stop and starts the hydraulic device 400; The control unit 51 controls the hydraulic device 400 to output hydraulic oil and flows to the pipeline integrated ring 13 through the oil pipe 41. The hydraulic oil enters the annular pipeline 133 from the input port of the ring oil pipe 41 of the stationary ring 132, and then flows from the annular pipeline 133 to the cutter head 201 through the output port of the ring oil pipe 41 of the movable ring 131. The hydraulic oil enters the positioning cylinder 26 from the cutter head pipeline interface 211. The positioning pin 261 is pushed out toward the guide rail member 111 and extends into the positioning hole 112 under the action of the oil pressure of the hydraulic oil, so that the cutter head 201 is connected with the guide rail member 111 to realize the positioning of the tool 24. The control unit 51 controls the spindle motor 600 to start, and the output end of the spindle motor 600 drives the spindle member 11 to rotate, and the spindle member 11 drives the cutter head member 201 and the movable ring 131 to rotate. When the movable ring 131 rotates, the stationary ring 132 can slide circumferentially relative to the spindle member 11 through the roller 134, so as to prevent the oil pipe 41 between the stationary ring 132 and the hydraulic device 400 from being twisted and damaged due to the rotation of the stationary ring 132, thereby affecting the pipeline transportation; when the cutter head member 201 rotates, the tool 24 rotates circumferentially around the central axis of the spindle member 11; The control unit 51 controls the hydraulic device 400 to output hydraulic oil and flows to the cutter disc pipeline interface 211 through the pipeline of the pipeline integrated ring 13. The hydraulic oil enters the cutter disc cylinder body 23 from the cutter disc pipeline interface 211. The blade portion 242 of the tool 24 is pushed outward along the inner cavity of the cutter disc cylinder body 23 under the oil pressure of the hydraulic oil, so that the tip portion 241 contacts the surface of the long structure of the workpiece 700. The tool 24 is pushed out and cuts into the workpiece 700 by the continuous pressure of the oil pressure. The tip portion 241 continuously cuts the surface material of the long structure to realize the inner hole structure processing. Until the blade portion 242 touches the limiter of the cutter disc cylinder body 23, the tool 24 stops extending. At this time, the hole structure is processed in place. The control unit 51 controls the hydraulic device 400 to reflux the hydraulic oil in the reverse direction, so that the tool 24 separates from the workpiece 700 and moves back toward the center of the cutter disc 201 until the blade body 242 touches the bottom of the inner cavity of the cutter disc cylinder 23 close to the center of the cutter disc 201 and stops. At this time, the tool 24 is retracted into place, and the control unit 51 controls the hydraulic device 400 to reflux the hydraulic oil in the reverse direction, so that the positioning pin 261 is retracted in the direction away from the positioning hole 112.

[0068] Processing step e: the control unit 51 controls the pneumatic device 300 to start and output compressed gas to one piston chamber 113 through the air pipe 31, and at the same time controls the pneumatic device 300 to reflux the compressed gas in the other piston chamber 113, so that the magnetic piston 12 moves along the cavity wall of the piston chamber 113 toward the processing direction. Under the action of magnetic coupling between the magnetic piston 12 and the magnetic part 22, the magnetic piston 12 drives the cutter head part 201 to move linearly along the guide rail part 111 to the next processing position, and repeats step a until the inner hole structure of the workpiece 700 is processed.

[0069] Tool retraction step f: After the long piece processing is completed, the control unit 51 controls the spindle motor 600 to stop, and the control unit 51 controls the hydraulic device 400 to reflux the hydraulic oil in the reverse direction, so that the tool 24 is retracted into the cutter head cylinder 23, and the positioning pin 261 is retracted into the positioning cylinder 26. The control unit 51 controls the pneumatic device 300 to start and drive the magnetic piston 12 to move along the cavity wall of the piston cavity 113 toward the direction away from the center of the workpiece 700. After the magnetic piston 12 drives the cutter head 201 to move to the entrance of the inner hole structure of the long piece, the first shaft section A and the second shaft section B can be disassembled and separated. After the spindle part 11 and the cutter head 201 are taken out, the workpiece 700 can be smoothly removed from the machine tool fixture, or replaced with the next workpiece 700 to be processed for clamping. Repeat the above steps b to e until the processing is completed.

[0070] The above examples are only used to further illustrate the technical content of the present invention, so that readers can understand it more easily, but they do not mean that the implementation of the present invention is limited to this. Any technical extension or re-creation made according to the present invention is protected by the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the claims.

Claims

1. A long piece processing tool, characterized in that: It comprises a tool assembly (200) and a spindle assembly (100) for mounting the tool assembly (200), the spindle assembly (100) comprising a spindle component (11) for supporting and moving the tool assembly (200), the spindle component (11) having a guide rail component (111) for limiting the moving direction of the tool assembly (200); The tool assembly (200) comprises a cutter disc component (201) for processing long pieces, the cutter disc component (201) being mounted on the spindle component (11) and being able to slide along the guide rail direction of the guide rail component (111), the cutter disc component (201) having at least three retractable cutters (24), the cutters (24) being arranged at intervals around the circumference of the rotation axis of the spindle component (11).

2. A long piece processing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter disc component (201) comprises a cutter disc cylinder body (23) for mounting the cutter (24); after the cutter (24) is mounted in the cutter disc cylinder body (23), a cylinder inner cavity (231) capable of containing liquid or gas is formed; the cutter (24) can be movably arranged along the inner cavity wall of the cylinder inner cavity (231); a blade stopper (25) for limiting the extension distance of the cutter (24) is mounted in the cylinder inner cavity (231); and the cylinder inner cavity (231) is connected to the outside world via a cutter disc pipeline interface (211).

3. The long piece processing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main shaft component (11) has a piston cavity (113) inside for installing a magnetic piston (12); a magnetic component (22) is installed on the cutter disc component (201) at a position close to the main shaft component (11); the magnetic piston (12) and the magnetic component (22) form a magnetic coupling; when the magnetic piston (12) moves along the piston cavity (113), the cutter disc component (201) is driven by the magnetic component (22).

4. The long piece processing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main shaft component (11) is installed with a pipeline integration ring (13), and the pipeline integration ring (13) has a movable ring (131) and a stationary ring (132). The movable ring (131) is movably connected to the main shaft component (11), and the stationary ring (132) is tightly connected to the main shaft component (11). An annular pipeline (133) for liquid or gas circulation is provided between the stationary ring (132) and the movable ring (131). An external drive device is connected to the annular pipeline (133) through the movable ring (131), and the cutter head component (201) is connected to the annular pipeline (133) through the stationary ring (132).

5. The long piece processing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A positioning cylinder (26) is installed at a position of the cutter disc component (201) close to the main shaft component (11); a positioning pin (261) is installed on the positioning cylinder (26) and can be extended toward the guide rail component (111); the guide rail component (111) is provided with a positioning hole (112) for the positioning pin (261) to extend into; a plurality of the positioning holes (112) are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the guide rail component (111); and the positioning cylinder (26) is connected to the outside through a cutter disc pipeline interface (211).

6. A tool driving method, applied to a machine tool equipped with the long piece processing tool, the machine tool comprising a control system capable of controlling the movement or positioning of a cutter head (201), controlling the extension and retraction of a tool (24), and controlling the rotation of a spindle (11) or a workpiece, characterized in that: The method comprises: The control system can control the cutter disc member (201) to be in a moving state or a positioning state. In the moving state, the cutter disc member (201) moves along the guide rail member (111) to a processing position. In the positioning state, the cutter disc member (201) is restricted to a position on the guide rail member (111). The control system can control the spindle motor (600) to drive the spindle member (11) to rotate, or control the spindle motor (600) to drive the workpiece to rotate; The control system can control the tool (24) to be in an extended state, in which the tool (24) is extended relative to the cutter head (201) in a direction toward the workpiece and the feed rate is controlled by the control system, and the tool (24) contacts the surface of the workpiece to perform cutting processing on the workpiece; The control system can control the tool (24) to be in a retracted state, in which the tool (24) is retracted relative to the cutter head (201) in a direction away from the workpiece and the retraction amount is controlled by the control system, so that the tool (24) is separated from the workpiece surface to complete a single cutting process.

7. The tool driving method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises: The control system can use one of mechanical transmission, magnetic coupling transmission, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive to respectively control the movement or positioning of the cutter head (201), control the extension and retraction of the cutter (24), and control the rotation of the spindle (11) or the workpiece.

8. The tool driving method according to claim 1, wherein the spindle member (11) has a piston cavity (113) for installing a magnetic piston (12), the cutter head member (201) has a magnetic member (22) for magnetically coupling the magnetic piston (12), and the piston cavity (113) is connected to the pneumatic device (300) of the control system, characterized in that: The method comprises: The moving state is that the control system controls the pneumatic device (300) to drive the magnetic piston (12) to move along the piston cavity (113) through air pressure changes and drives the cutter head (201) to move by using magnetic coupling.

9. The tool driving method according to claim 1, wherein the cutter disc member (201) has a retractable positioning pin (261) and a positioning cylinder (26) for mounting the positioning pin (261), the spindle member (11) has a positioning hole (112) for the positioning pin (261) to extend into, and the positioning cylinder (26) is connected to the hydraulic device (400) of the control system, characterized in that: The method comprises: The positioning state is that the control system controls the hydraulic device (400) to drive the positioning pin (261) to extend into the positioning hole (112) through oil pressure changes to limit the position of the cutter head component (201) relative to the main shaft component (11).

10. The tool driving method according to claim 1, wherein the tool disc member (201) has a tool disc cylinder (23) for mounting the tool (24), and the tool disc cylinder (23) is connected to a hydraulic device (400) of the control system, characterized in that: The method comprises: The extended state is when the control system controls the hydraulic device (400) to drive the tool (24) to move in a direction away from the center of the cutter disc (201) through oil pressure changes; The retracted state is when the control system controls the hydraulic device (400) to drive the cutter (24) to move in a direction close to the center of the cutter disc (201) through oil pressure changes.

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