A tail shield brushing device and a shield tunneling machine comprising the same

Abstract

The application provides a shield tail brush device and a shield tunneling machine comprising the same, and belongs to the technical field of shield tunneling machines; the shield tail brush device comprises multiple pieces of shield tail brushes arranged at intervals, a steel plate bundle arranged on one side of the shield tail brushes, a wear detection assembly, and a sealing structure arranged between two adjacent pieces of shield tail brushes; the multiple pieces of shield tail brushes are connected with a shield tunneling machine body, the steel plate bundle is connected with the shield tunneling machine body, and the wear detection assembly is provided with multiple pieces of wear detection assemblies corresponding to the multiple pieces of shield tail brushes; the sealing structure comprises a grease cavity and a pressure detection assembly arranged in the grease cavity; and the pressure detection assembly is used for detecting the grease pressure in the grease cavity in real time. By arranging the wear detection assembly, the wear of the shield tail brush can be monitored in real time, the shield tail brush can play the maximum role in construction, the replacement frequency is reduced, and the construction cost is saved; meanwhile, by arranging the pressure detection assembly in the grease cavity, the oil pressure in the grease cavity of the shield tail brush can be monitored in real time, and the abnormal wear of the shield tail brush caused by excessively low oil pressure can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel boring machine technology, and relates to a tail brush device and a tunnel boring machine containing the same. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of shield tunneling technology, the challenges faced in shield tunnel construction are also constantly increasing. Currently, shield tunneling is moving towards larger diameters, longer distances, and higher environmental pressures, making the potential risks during construction considerable. The tail seal system is one of the key systems ensuring the safe excavation of the shield machine, and the sealing capability of the tail seal brush determines whether the tail seal system can function reliably. However, since the tail brush is a component that is replaced periodically, wear is one of the main causes of tail seal brush failure. Wear and collapse are relatively easy to occur during shield tunneling, especially when grease injection is insufficient, the shield's attitude deviates from the set route, or the tunnel makes small turns. In these cases, the tail brush often experiences rapid wear or permanent deformation failure. If the damaged tail brush is not detected in time, minor issues such as water and grout leakage may occur, affecting construction safety and progress; major issues may lead to soil collapse, or even serious accidents such as machine destruction and loss of life.

[0003] Therefore, how to provide a new type of shield tail brush to improve sealing performance and ensure construction safety is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention relates to a shield tail brush device capable of real-time monitoring of grease chamber pressure and shield tail brush wear, and a tunnel boring machine comprising the device.

[0005] The present invention provides a tail brush device, which is disposed at the tail of the main body of a tunnel boring machine. It includes multiple tail brushes arranged at intervals, a steel plate bundle disposed on one side of the tail brush, a wear detection component for detecting the wear of the tail brush, and a sealing structure disposed between two adjacent tail brushes.

[0006] The multiple tail brushes are all connected to the main body of the tunnel boring machine, the steel plate bundle is connected to the main body of the tunnel boring machine, and the wear detection component is provided with multiple components that correspond one-to-one with the multiple tail brushes. The single wear detection component is installed on a single tail brush.

[0007] The sealing structure includes a grease chamber and a pressure detection component disposed within the grease chamber, the pressure detection component being used to detect the grease pressure within the grease chamber in real time.

[0008] Furthermore, the shield tail brush includes a cover plate, a base plate, a spring plate assembly, and an intermediate bristle layer;

[0009] The base plate is installed on the main body of the tunnel boring machine;

[0010] One end of the cover plate is connected to the base plate, and the other end is bent to wrap around the spring plate assembly and fixed to the outside of the spring plate assembly;

[0011] The spring plate assembly is disposed on the base plate, and the spring plate assembly includes a first layer spring bending plate, a second layer spring bending plate, an intermediate layer spring bending plate and a bottom layer spring bending plate that are stacked on top of each other in a direction from near the base plate to away from the base plate.

[0012] The intermediate bristle layer is disposed between the second layer of spring bending plate and the bottom layer of spring bending plate;

[0013] The wear detection component is disposed between the first layer of spring bending plate and the second layer of spring bending plate and is fixedly connected to the second layer of spring bending plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the first layer of spring bending plate includes a first horizontal section and a first inclined section integrally formed;

[0015] The second layer of spring bending plate includes a second horizontal section and a second inclined section integrally formed;

[0016] The intermediate layer spring bending plate includes an integrally formed third horizontal section and a third inclined section;

[0017] The bottom spring bending plate includes a fourth horizontal section and a fourth inclined section integrally formed;

[0018] The first horizontal section is connected to the bottom plate, and the second, third and fourth horizontal sections are stacked on the first horizontal section in sequence, with the cover plate disposed on the fourth horizontal section;

[0019] The first inclined segment, the second inclined segment, the third inclined segment, and the fourth inclined segment are stacked sequentially, and the lengths of the first inclined segment, the second inclined segment, the third inclined segment, and the fourth inclined segment are arranged in ascending order.

[0020] Furthermore, the outer surface of the intermediate brush layer is provided with a plurality of brushes made of steel wire.

[0021] Furthermore, the wear detection component includes a control circuit, a first detection element, a second detection element, a first connection circuit, and a second connection circuit;

[0022] The first detection element and the second detection element are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction, and the vertical height of the first detection element is lower than the vertical height of the second detection element;

[0023] The first connection circuit connects the first detection element to the control circuit, and the second connection circuit connects the second detection element to the control circuit.

[0024] Furthermore, the shield tail brush includes a first shield tail brush, a second shield tail brush, a third shield tail brush, and a fourth shield tail brush arranged sequentially at intervals between each other;

[0025] The grease chamber is configured as an annular structure, and the grease chamber includes a first annular grease chamber disposed between the first shield tail brush and the second shield tail brush, a second annular grease chamber disposed between the second shield tail brush and the third shield tail brush, a third annular grease chamber disposed between the third shield tail brush and the fourth shield tail brush, and a fourth annular grease chamber disposed between the fourth shield tail brush and the steel plate bundle.

[0026] The pressure detection assembly includes a first pressure sensor disposed in a first annular grease chamber, a second pressure sensor disposed in a second annular grease chamber, a third pressure sensor disposed in a third annular grease chamber, and a fourth pressure sensor disposed in a fourth annular grease chamber.

[0027] Furthermore, the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the third pressure sensor, and the fourth pressure sensor are each provided in four parts;

[0028] The four first pressure sensors are respectively set on the central axis node of the cross-section of the first annular grease chamber;

[0029] The four second pressure sensors are all set at a 45° angle to the central axis of the cross-section of the second annular grease chamber;

[0030] The four third pressure sensors are all set at a 30° angle to the vertical center axis of the cross-section of the third annular grease chamber;

[0031] The four fourth pressure sensors are all set at a 30° angle to the horizontal central axis of the cross-section of the fourth annular grease chamber.

[0032] Furthermore, the steel plate bundle is configured as a hook structure; and the steel plate bundle includes a bottom spring bending plate, a top spring bending plate, a pressure plate, and a bottom plate.

[0033] The steel plate bundle bottom plate is fixedly connected to the main body of the tunnel boring machine. From bottom to top, the steel plate bundle bottom plate is provided with a steel wire bundle layer, a top spring bending plate of the steel plate bundle, and a steel plate bundle pressure plate. The steel plate bundle bottom plate, the steel wire bundle layer, the top spring bending plate of the steel plate bundle, and the steel plate bundle pressure plate are fixedly connected to each other.

[0034] Furthermore, the tail brush device also includes a grease pipe and a polyurethane emergency injection pipe located at the tail of the tunnel boring machine body.

[0035] The grease tube connects the grease chamber to an external grease pump and is used to pump grease into the grease chamber.

[0036] The polyurethane emergency injection pipe connects the grease chamber to an external polyurethane pump and is used to pump polyurethane into the grease chamber when leakage of slurry and / or liquid occurs.

[0037] The present invention also provides a tunnel boring machine, including a tunnel boring machine body and a tail brush device as described above.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] The shield tail brush device provided by this invention, by setting a wear detection component, can monitor the wear of the shield tail brush in real time, so that the shield tail brush can play its maximum role in construction, reduce the replacement frequency, and save construction costs; at the same time, by setting a pressure detection component in the grease chamber, the oil pressure in the grease chamber of the shield tail brush can be monitored in real time, avoiding the abnormal wear of the shield tail brush caused by excessively low oil pressure.

[0040] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, the present invention has other objectives, features, and advantages. The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the figures. Attached Figure Description

[0041] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0042] Figure 1 This is a partial structural cross-sectional schematic diagram of a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of the grease pipe and the polyurethane emergency injection pipe;

[0044] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the layout of the medium pressure detection component;

[0045] Figure 4(a) is Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the location of the first pressure sensor in the middle;

[0046] Figure 4(b) is Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the placement of the second pressure sensor.

[0047] Figure 4(c) is Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the placement of the third pressure sensor in the middle.

[0048] Figure 4(d) is Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the location of the fourth pressure sensor in the middle.

[0049] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the tail brush of the first shield in the middle;

[0050] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of a portion of section I;

[0051] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the wear detection component;

[0052] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the steel plate bundle.

[0053] in:

[0054] 01. Shield Machine Main Body; 1. First Tail Brush; 1.1. Cover Plate; 1.2. Base Plate; 1.3. Intermediate Spring-Bent Plate; 1.4. Bottom Spring-Bent Plate; 1.5. Intermediate Brush Filament Layer; 1.6. First Spring-Bent Plate; 1.7. Second Spring-Bent Plate; 1.8. Wear Detection Components; 1.8.1. First Detection Element; 1.8.2. Second Detection Element; 1.8.3. First Connection Circuit; 1.8.4. Second Connection Circuit; 1.8.5. Wiring Terminal; 2. Second Tail Brush; 3. Third Tail Brush 4. Fourth shield tail brush; 5. Steel plate bundle; 5.1. Bottom spring bending plate of steel plate bundle; 5.2. Top spring bending plate of steel plate bundle; 5.3. Steel plate bundle pressure plate; 5.4. Bottom plate of steel plate bundle; 5.5. Stud; 6. Segment; 7. Pressure detection assembly; 7.1. First pressure sensor; 7.2. Second pressure sensor; 7.3. Third pressure sensor; 7.4. Fourth pressure sensor; 8. Grease polyurethane injection structure; 8.1. Grease pipe; 8.2. Emergency polyurethane injection pipe; 9. Grease chamber; 10. Seal stop plate. Detailed Implementation

[0055] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention clearer and easier to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the accompanying drawings of the present invention are all in a simplified form and use non-precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clearly assist in illustrating the implementation of the present invention; the "several" mentioned in the present invention are not limited to the specific number shown in the examples in the accompanying drawings; the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "front," "middle," "rear," "left," "right," "up," "down," "top," "bottom," and "center" mentioned in the present invention are all based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, nor should they be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0056] Example:

[0057] See Figures 1 to 3As shown, the present invention provides a tunnel boring machine, including a tunnel boring machine body 01 and a tail brush device, a steel plate bundle 5 and a grout stop plate 10 disposed on the tunnel boring machine body 01.

[0058] The tail brush device is located at the tail of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) body 01, and includes a first tail brush 1, a second tail brush 2, a third tail brush 3, a fourth tail brush 4, a steel plate bundle 5, and a sealing structure. The first tail brush 1, the second tail brush 2, the third tail brush 3, the fourth tail brush 4, and the steel plate bundle 5 are arranged alternately. The first tail brush 1 and the second tail brush 2 are detachably connected to the TBM body 01, and both the first tail brush 1 and the second tail brush 2 are in close contact with the outer wall of the lined tunnel segment 6. The third tail brush 3 and the fourth tail brush 4 are... All tail brushes 4 are welded to the main body 01 of the tunnel boring machine, and the third tail brush 3 and the fourth tail brush 4 are in close contact with the outer wall of the lined segment 6. The sealing structure includes an annular grease chamber 9 for sealing by injecting grease. The annular grease chamber 9 includes a first annular grease chamber located between the first tail brush 1 and the second tail brush 2, a second annular grease chamber located between the second tail brush 2 and the third tail brush 3, a third annular grease chamber located between the third tail brush 3 and the fourth tail brush 4, and a fourth annular grease chamber located between the fourth tail brush 4 and the steel plate bundle 5.

[0059] The steel plate bundle 5 is located at the tail of the shield machine body 01, and the steel plate bundle 5 is located on the side of the fourth shield tail brush 4 away from the third shield tail brush 3.

[0060] The grout stop plate 10 is located at the tail of the shield machine body 01, and the grout stop plate 10 is located on the side of the steel plate bundle 5 away from the fourth shield tail brush 4.

[0061] Preferably, the first shield tail brush 1, the second shield tail brush 2, the third shield tail brush 3, the fourth shield tail brush 4, and the steel plate bundle 5 are all configured as annular structures.

[0062] Furthermore, a first pressure sensor 7.1 is provided in the first annular grease chamber. The first pressure sensor 7.1 detects the oil pressure in the first annular grease chamber to determine whether grease needs to be pumped in to replenish its pressure threshold.

[0063] A second pressure sensor 7.2 is installed in the second annular grease chamber. The second pressure sensor 7.2 detects the oil pressure in the second annular grease chamber to determine whether grease needs to be pumped in to replenish its pressure threshold.

[0064] A third pressure sensor 7.3 is installed in the third annular grease chamber. The third pressure sensor 7.3 detects the oil pressure in the third annular grease chamber to determine whether grease needs to be pumped in to replenish its pressure threshold.

[0065] A fourth pressure sensor 7.4 is installed in the fourth annular grease chamber. The fourth pressure sensor 7.4 detects the oil pressure in the fourth annular grease chamber to determine whether grease needs to be pumped in to replenish its pressure threshold.

[0066] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a grease-polyurethane injection structure 8 is also provided at the tail of the shield machine body 01. The grease-polyurethane injection structure 8 includes a grease pipe 8.1 and a polyurethane emergency injection pipe 8.2. The grease pipe 8.1 is used to pump an appropriate amount of grease to compensate for the pressure threshold after monitoring the grease pressure. The polyurethane emergency injection pipe 8.2 is used to inject polyurethane in a timely manner to ensure construction safety when safety problems such as grout leakage or liquid leakage occur in the project.

[0067] As a further embodiment of the present invention, see Figures 4(a) to 4(d) As shown, there are four pressure sensors: the first pressure sensor 7.1, the second pressure sensor 7.2, the third pressure sensor 7.3, and the fourth pressure sensor 7.4. The four first pressure sensors 7.1 are respectively set on the central axis node of the cross-section of the first annular grease chamber. The four second pressure sensors 7.2 are all set at a 45° angle to the central axis of the cross-section of the second annular grease chamber. The four third pressure sensors 7.3 are all set at a 30° angle to the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the third annular grease chamber. The four fourth pressure sensors 7.4 are all set at a 30° angle to the horizontal central axis of the cross-section of the fourth annular grease chamber.

[0068] As a further embodiment of the present invention, see Figures 5 to 7 As shown, the structures of the first shield tail brush 1, the second shield tail brush 2, the third shield tail brush 3, and the fourth shield tail brush 4 are all identical. Taking the first shield tail brush 1 as an example, it includes a cover plate 1.1, a base plate 1.2, a spring plate assembly, an intermediate brush bristle layer 1.5, and a wear detection assembly 1.8;

[0069] The base plate 1.2 is installed on the shield machine body 01;

[0070] One end of the cover plate 1.1 is connected to the base plate 1.2, and the other end is bent to wrap around the spring plate assembly and fixed to the outside of the spring plate assembly;

[0071] The spring plate assembly is disposed on the base plate 1.2, and the spring plate assembly includes a first layer spring bending plate 1.6, a second layer spring bending plate 1.7, an intermediate layer spring bending plate 1.3 and a bottom layer spring bending plate 1.4 arranged in sequence and stacked on top of each other.

[0072] The intermediate bristle layer 1.5 is disposed between the second spring bending plate 1.7 and the bottom spring bending plate 1.4;

[0073] The wear detection component 1.8 is used to detect the real-time wear of the first shield tail brush 1, and the wear detection component 1.8 is disposed between the first layer spring bending plate 1.6 and the second layer spring bending plate 1.7 and is fixedly connected to the second layer spring bending plate 1.7.

[0074] Preferably, the cover plate 1.1 includes a vertical plate and a horizontal plate connected to each other. The end of the vertical plate away from the horizontal plate is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 1.2, and the inner side of the horizontal plate is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the first layer spring bending plate 1.6.

[0075] Preferably, the distance between the wear detection component 1.8 and the end of the second layer spring bending plate 1.7 needs to be adapted to local conditions and leave an appropriate margin to ensure that even after the wear detection component 1.8 is worn or damaged, the tunnel boring machine can still safely excavate more than 100 meters to find a more suitable place to safely replace the tail brush.

[0076] Preferably, the wear detection component 1.8 can be connected to an external signal processing system via an electrical signal, or via other connection methods such as an optical signal, depending on the actual situation.

[0077] Preferably, the wear detection assembly 1.8 includes a control circuit, a first detection element 1.8.1, a second detection element 1.8.2, a first connection circuit 1.8.3, a second connection circuit 1.8.4, and a connector 1.8.5; the first detection element 1.8.1 and the second detection element 1.8.2 are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction, and the vertical height of the first detection element 1.8.1 is lower than the vertical height of the second detection element 1.8.2 (that is, the distance between the end of the first detection element 1.8.1 extending to the extension end of the second layer spring bending plate 1.7 and the cover plate 1.1 is less than the distance between the end of the second detection element 1.8.2 extending to the extension end of the second layer spring bending plate 1.7 and the cover plate 1.1); the first connection circuit 1.8.3 connects the first detection element 1.8.1 and the control circuit, the second connection circuit 1.8.4 connects the second detection element 1.8.2 and the control circuit, and the connector 1.8.5 is used to connect the control circuit to the control center of the tunnel boring machine body 01.

[0078] When the wear detection assembly 1.8 detects the wear caused by the first layer of spring bending plate 1.6 in contact with the tube segment 6, the first detection element 1.8.1 and the second detection element 1.8.2 inside the wear detection assembly 1.8 are protected by the first layer of spring bending plate 1.6 and therefore will not be worn. That is, the first connection circuit 1.8.3 and the second connection circuit 1.8.4 remain intact and maintain normal association with the external signal processing system.

[0079] As time goes by, when the first layer of spring bending plate 1.6 wears down to the point where it can no longer protect the wear detection component 1.8, the tube 6 will wear down the second detection element 1.8.2. When the second detection element 1.8.2 wears down to a certain extent, the second connection circuit 1.8.4 will be in an open circuit state and will not be able to send electrical signals to the external signal processing system. At this time, only the first connection circuit 1.8.3 can work normally. At the same time, the wear detection component 1.8 will set a corresponding warning signal to indicate that the wear detection component 1.8 has been partially worn, but can still be used.

[0080] When the tube segment 6 continues to wear down the second layer of spring bending plate 1.7, the first detection element 1.8.1 will wear down after a certain degree of wear, which will cause the first connection circuit 1.8.3 to be in an open circuit state and unable to send electrical signals to the external signal processing system. At this time, the wear detection component 1.8 completely loses its function, which indicates that the shield tail brush needs to be replaced.

[0081] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" in the first detection element 1.8.1 and the second detection element 1.8.2, the first connecting circuit 1.8.3 and the second connecting circuit 1.8.4, the first layer spring bending plate 1.6 and the second layer spring bending plate 1.7 mentioned in this application are only used to distinguish the different positions and do not indicate any order.

[0082] Furthermore, the tunnel boring machine also includes a remote information transmission device and an external signal processing system. The external signal processing system is simultaneously connected to the first pressure sensor 7.1, the second pressure sensor 7.2, the third pressure sensor 7.3, and the fourth pressure sensor 7.4 via signal connection. The remote information transmission device is connected to the wear detection component of the tail brush via a signal receiving line. The outer periphery of the signal receiving line is wrapped with an insulating protective layer, and the signal receiving line is in contact with the inner wall of the tail of the tunnel boring machine body 01.

[0083] Preferably, the external signal processing system also includes an alarm indication system. During operation, the tail brush device is first installed on the main body of the tunnel boring machine (TBM). During TBM operation, the spring plate assembly and intermediate brush layer deform under the pressure of the tunnel lining segments, causing wear on the upper bending plate or intermediate brush layer that directly contacts the segments. When the wear detection component is not worn down to a certain extent, it can transmit signals normally. However, when the wear detection component is worn to a certain degree, it can no longer transmit signals. Simultaneously, the alarm indication system will sound an alarm on the terminal control panel, and a red light will illuminate on the tail brush that cannot transmit signals. This indicates that the wear of the tail brush has reached a threshold and needs to be replaced. This prevents the tail brush from working for less than its actual service life, saving unnecessary replacement costs and improving construction efficiency. Meanwhile, due to the compression of the tunnel segments, a closed grease chamber is formed between the shield tail brush device and the tunnel segments. Since the grease chamber pressure detection component is located inside the closed grease chamber, it is easier to accurately judge the pressure inside the grease chamber. When the oil pressure in the grease chamber is lower than a certain threshold, an alarm will be triggered on the terminal control panel, and the automatic grease injection mode will be activated to ensure that the grease pressure required by the shield tail brush device is reached. This avoids excessive wear of the shield tail brush due to low oil pressure, thereby reducing the number of times the shield tail brush needs to be replaced to a certain extent.

[0084] As a further embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 8 As shown, the steel plate bundle 5 is configured with a hook structure, which can better protect the fourth shield tail brush 4 and the fourth pressure sensor 7.4, thereby improving the overall sealing performance.

[0085] Preferably, the steel plate bundle 5 includes a bottom spring bending plate 5.1, a top spring bending plate 5.2, a pressure plate 5.3, and a bottom plate 5.4.

[0086] The steel plate bundle bottom plate 5.4 is fixedly connected to the shield machine body 01. From bottom to top, the steel plate bundle bottom plate 5.4 is provided with a steel wire bundle layer, a top steel plate bundle spring bending plate 5.2 and a steel plate bundle pressure plate 5.3. The steel plate bundle bottom plate 5.4, the steel wire bundle layer, the top steel plate bundle spring bending plate 5.2 and the steel plate bundle pressure plate 5.3 are fixedly connected to each other by bolts 5.5.

[0087] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tail brush device, disposed at the tail of the main body (01) of a tunnel boring machine, characterized in that, It includes multiple shield tail brushes spaced apart from each other, a steel plate bundle (5) disposed on one side of the shield tail brush, a wear detection assembly (1.8) for detecting the wear of the shield tail brush, and a sealing structure disposed between two adjacent shield tail brushes. All of the aforementioned tail brushes are connected to the shield machine body (01), the steel plate bundle (5) is connected to the shield machine body (01), and the wear detection component (1.8) is provided with multiple components corresponding to the aforementioned tail brushes. A single wear detection component (1.8) is installed on a single tail brush. The sealing structure includes a grease chamber (9) and a pressure detection component (7) disposed in the grease chamber (9). The pressure detection component (7) is used to detect the grease pressure in the grease chamber (9) in real time. The wear detection assembly (1.8) includes a control circuit, a first detection element (1.8.1), a second detection element (1.8.2), a first connection circuit (1.8.3), and a second connection circuit (1.8.4). The first detection element (1.8.1) and the second detection element (1.8.2) are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction, and the vertical height of the first detection element (1.8.1) is lower than the vertical height of the second detection element (1.8.2); The first connection circuit (1.8.3) connects the first detection element (1.8.1) to the control circuit, and the second connection circuit (1.8.4) connects the second detection element (1.8.2) to the control circuit; The shield tail brush includes a first shield tail brush (1), a second shield tail brush (2), a third shield tail brush (3) and a fourth shield tail brush (4) arranged sequentially at intervals. The grease chamber (9) is configured as an annular structure, and the grease chamber (9) includes a first annular grease chamber disposed between the first shield tail brush (1) and the second shield tail brush (2), a second annular grease chamber disposed between the second shield tail brush (2) and the third shield tail brush (3), a third annular grease chamber disposed between the third shield tail brush (3) and the fourth shield tail brush (4), and a fourth annular grease chamber disposed between the fourth shield tail brush (4) and the steel plate bundle (5); The pressure detection assembly (7) includes a first pressure sensor (7.1) disposed in a first annular grease chamber, a second pressure sensor (7.2) disposed in a second annular grease chamber, a third pressure sensor (7.3) disposed in a third annular grease chamber, and a fourth pressure sensor (7.4) disposed in a fourth annular grease chamber. The first pressure sensor (7.1), the second pressure sensor (7.2), the third pressure sensor (7.3), and the fourth pressure sensor (7.4) are each provided in four parts; Four first pressure sensors (7.1) are respectively set on the central axis node of the cross-section of the first annular grease chamber; The four second pressure sensors (7.2) are all set at a 45° angle to the central axis of the cross-section of the second annular grease chamber; The four third pressure sensors (7.3) are all set at a 30° angle to the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the third annular grease chamber; The four fourth pressure sensors (7.4) are all set at a 30° angle to the horizontal central axis of the cross-section of the fourth annular grease chamber.

2. The shield tail brush device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shield tail brush includes a cover plate (1.1), a base plate (1.2), a spring plate assembly, and an intermediate bristle layer (1.5). The base plate (1.2) is installed on the main body (01) of the tunnel boring machine; One end of the cover plate (1.1) is connected to the base plate (1.2), and the other end is bent to wrap around the spring plate assembly and fixed to the outside of the spring plate assembly; The spring plate assembly is disposed on the base plate (1.2), and the spring plate assembly includes a first layer spring bending plate (1.6), a second layer spring bending plate (1.7), an intermediate layer spring bending plate (1.3), and a bottom layer spring bending plate (1.4) that are stacked on top of each other in a direction from near the base plate (1.2) to away from the base plate (1.2). The intermediate bristle layer (1.5) is disposed between the second spring bending plate (1.7) and the bottom spring bending plate (1.4); The wear detection component (1.8) is disposed between the first layer spring bending plate (1.6) and the second layer spring bending plate (1.7) and is fixedly connected to the second layer spring bending plate (1.7).

3. The shield tail brush device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first layer of spring bending plate (1.6) includes a first horizontal section and a first inclined section integrally formed; The second layer of spring bending plate (1.7) includes a second horizontal section and a second inclined section integrally formed; The intermediate layer spring bending plate (1.3) includes a third horizontal section and a third inclined section integrally formed; The bottom spring bending plate (1.4) includes a fourth horizontal section and a fourth inclined section integrally formed; The first horizontal section is connected to the base plate (1.2), and the second, third and fourth horizontal sections are stacked on the first horizontal section in sequence. The cover plate (1.1) is set on the fourth horizontal section. The first inclined segment, the second inclined segment, the third inclined segment, and the fourth inclined segment are stacked sequentially, and the lengths of the first inclined segment, the second inclined segment, the third inclined segment, and the fourth inclined segment are arranged in ascending order.

4. The shield tail brush device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer surface of the intermediate bristle layer (1.5) is provided with several brushes made of steel wire.

5. The shield tail brush device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The steel plate bundle (5) is configured with a hook structure; and the steel plate bundle (5) includes a bottom spring bending plate (5.1), a top spring bending plate (5.2), a pressure plate (5.3), and a bottom plate (5.4). The steel plate bundle bottom plate (5.4) is fixedly connected to the shield machine body (01). From bottom to top, the steel plate bundle bottom plate (5.4) is provided with a steel wire bundle layer, a steel plate bundle top spring bending plate (5.2) and a steel plate bundle pressure plate (5.3). The steel plate bundle bottom plate (5.4), the steel wire bundle layer, the steel plate bundle top spring bending plate (5.2) and the steel plate bundle pressure plate (5.3) are fixedly connected to each other.

6. The shield tail brush device according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a grease pipe (8.1) and a polyurethane emergency injection pipe (8.2) located at the tail end of the shield machine body (01). The grease pipe (8.1) connects the grease chamber (9) and an external grease pump, and is used to pump grease into the grease chamber (9); The polyurethane emergency injection pipe (8.2) connects the grease chamber (9) and an external polyurethane pump, and is used to pump polyurethane into the grease chamber (9) when slurry and / or liquid leakage occurs.

7. A tunnel boring machine, characterized in that, It includes the main body of the tunnel boring machine and the tail brush device as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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