Short-time efficient cooling and heat storage integrated device

Abstract

The short-time efficient cooling and heat storage integrated device comprises a latent heat storage module, a heat sink working medium loop is arranged in the latent heat storage module, and the heat sink working medium loop comprises a fish mouth flow guide section, a latent heat storage section and a Tesla valve section which are connected in sequence. According to the device, liquid can be supplemented in time through the arrangement of the fish mouth flow guide section, nucleate boiling is ensured, rapid heat absorption is achieved, efficient heat transfer performance is maintained, heat transfer can be accelerated through the arrangement of the latent heat storage section and the high mass transfer and heat exchange capacity of the latent heat storage section, and it is ensured that heat conversion is completed within a short time; by arranging the Tesla valve section, efficient one-way flowing of a working medium can be ensured, and system overheating caused by heat accumulation is avoided; through a large amount of heat absorption process of the phase change material, the temperature rise of the electronic chip is effectively reduced, it is ensured that the system completes cooling and heat packaging in a short time, heat damage is prevented, efficient cooling and heat storage functions are combined, and high-power heat generated by a heat source in a short time can be dissipated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of thermal management of hypersonic vehicles, and more specifically to a short-time high-efficiency cooling and heat storage integrated device. Background Art

[0002] Due to their extremely high speed and flexibility, hypersonic missiles place extremely high demands on the real-time response, path planning, and dynamic adjustment of the system, and the realization of these functions cannot be separated from the support of high-performance electronic chips. However, high performance is also accompanied by high power consumption, which in turn leads to a large amount of heat generation, which poses a challenge to the stable operation of electronic chips. First of all, hypersonic missiles need to process a large amount of data in real time, including sensor data, navigation information, environmental parameters, etc. Electronic chips process this data at high speed and provide accurate decisions to ensure that the missile can accurately hit the target during high-speed flight. This efficient computing power will inevitably bring huge power consumption. When the electronic chip is working, the power loss is dissipated in the form of heat, which puts strict requirements on the temperature management inside the missile. If the heat cannot be effectively dissipated, the chip temperature will be too high, which will lead to performance degradation and even failure, seriously affecting the mission execution of the missile. Therefore, the heat dissipation problem has become an important challenge that must be overcome when designing these chips.

[0003] The introduction of phase change materials provides a solution for internal thermal management of chips. Phase change materials have high energy storage density and nearly constant phase change temperature. When the heat generated by the electronic chip is working, it is transferred to the phase change material, which absorbs a large amount of heat from the phase change process, thereby "sealing" the heat. This heat absorption process occurs within a stable temperature range, effectively preventing a sharp rise in temperature. As a result, a low and stable operating temperature can be maintained when the chip is under high heat load. Compared with traditional heat dissipation technology, this not only improves the efficiency of thermal management, but also achieves a more compact design, reducing additional cooling devices and system complexity. Integrating phase change materials into chip packaging can provide strong heat absorption capabilities in a limited space. In this way, the heat resistance and performance of the chip are improved without adding additional burden.

[0004] Although phase change materials have advantages such as small temperature fluctuations and large heat storage capacity during the heat storage process, their low thermal conductivity makes heat transfer slower inside them, limiting their ability to quickly respond to changes in heat load.

[0005] The patent document with publication number CN112414193A increases the heat conduction area by means of built-in fins, but its built-in fins are simple conventional technology and the increase in its thermal conductivity is limited; the patent document with publication number CN102777874A increases the heat transfer coefficient by preparing a composite phase change material, but the composite phase change material may experience stratification, aggregation or phase separation during long-term use, affecting its heat transfer performance and service life; the patent document with publication number CN110686545A uses magnetic particles to stir and drive the liquid phase change material for forced convection, but the magnetic particles may aggregate during use, which will lead to a decrease in the convection effect and may block the heat transfer channel.

[0006] Therefore, based on the thermal control problem of the internal chip of the hypersonic missile and combining the advantage of the large heat capacity of the phase change material, how to design a short-time and high-efficiency cooling-heat storage integrated device with high cooling efficiency, large heat sink capacity, fast response speed, compact size and high reliability is the technical problem to be solved by the present invention. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to dissipate the high-power heat generated by a heat source in a short time.

[0008] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical means: a short-time and efficient cooling and heat storage integrated device, including a latent heat storage module, a heat sink working fluid circuit is arranged in the latent heat storage module, and the heat sink working fluid circuit includes a fish mouth guide section, a latent heat storage section, and a Tesla valve section connected in sequence, the fish mouth guide section is used to remove the attached air film near the wall of the working fluid flow channel and maintain nucleate boiling, the latent heat storage section can drive the mass transfer of the working fluid in the heat sink working fluid circuit, the Tesla valve section is used to drive the working fluid to be unidirectionally conducted, the heat sink working fluid circuit is connected to a heat source through the fish mouth guide section, and the outer side of the latent heat storage section is coated with a phase change material.

[0009] The setting of the fish-mouth guide section can ensure timely fluid replenishment to ensure nucleate boiling to achieve rapid heat absorption and maintain efficient heat transfer performance; the setting of the latent heat storage section, its high mass transfer and heat exchange capacity can accelerate heat transfer to ensure that heat conversion is completed in a short time; the setting of the Tesla valve section can ensure efficient unidirectional flow of the working fluid to avoid heat accumulation and overheating of the system; the large-scale heat absorption process of the phase change material can effectively reduce the temperature rise of the electronic chip, ensuring that the system completes cooling and heat packaging in a short time to prevent thermal damage; combined with efficient cooling and heat storage functions, it can dissipate the high-power heat generated by the heat source in a short time.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the outer side of the fish mouth guide section is coated with a heat spreader and is connected to a heat source via the heat spreader.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, the heat source includes an electronic chip, and the latent heat storage module and the electronic chip are both placed at the head of the projectile.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the fish-mouth guide section is provided with a first fish-mouth guide portion and a second fish-mouth guide portion which are spaced apart from each other, the first fish-mouth guide portion includes at least two parallel arranged fish-mouth shaped blocks, the second fish-mouth guide portion includes at least one fish-mouth shaped block, and the fish-mouth shaped blocks of the first fish-mouth guide portion and the fish-mouth shaped blocks of the second fish-mouth guide portion are staggered.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the Tesla valve section includes a plurality of Tesla valve microchannels that are equally spaced and distributed, and the plurality of Tesla valve microchannels are arranged side by side.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the latent heat storage module and the electronic chip are covered with an insulating shell on the outside.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the latent heat storage section includes a primary channel, a secondary channel, a tertiary channel, and a quaternary channel. The latent heat storage section is distributed in a stack with its axis at the center. The working fluid is injected from the primary channel, enters the secondary channel after diversion, and then enters the tertiary channel after diversion. The tertiary channel enters the fourth channel after diversion. The latent heat storage section is symmetrically distributed with the fourth channel as the axis.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the latent heat storage module includes a latent heat storage tank, and the latent heat storage section and the phase change material are both located in the latent heat storage tank.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, it also includes a controller, and the latent heat storage module also includes a working fluid flow meter and a pressure detection gauge. The working fluid flow meter and the pressure detection gauge are both connected to the heat sink working fluid circuit, and the working fluid flow meter is located downstream of the pressure detection gauge. The controller is electrically or communicatively connected to the working fluid flow meter, the pressure detection gauge, the fish mouth diversion section, the latent heat storage section, and the Tesla valve section.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, the heat sink working fluid circuit is further connected to a liquid reservoir and a centrifugal pump, the liquid reservoir is located upstream of the centrifugal pump, and the centrifugal pump is located upstream of the pressure detection gauge.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] (1) In the present invention, the fish-mouth guide section is provided to replenish the liquid in time, ensure nucleate boiling to achieve rapid heat absorption and maintain efficient heat transfer performance. The latent heat storage section is provided, and its high mass transfer and heat exchange capacity can accelerate heat transfer and ensure that heat conversion is completed in a short time. The Tesla valve section is provided to ensure efficient unidirectional flow of the working fluid and avoid heat accumulation leading to system overheating. The large amount of heat absorption process of the phase change material can effectively reduce the temperature rise of the electronic chip, ensure that the system completes cooling and heat packaging in a short time, and prevent thermal damage. It combines efficient cooling and heat storage functions and can dissipate the high-power heat generated by the heat source in a short time.

[0021] (2) In the present invention, the fish-mouth-shaped baffle in the fish-mouth guide section can induce turbulence, eddy current and shear flow, peel off the attached air film from the wall, promote the redistribution of liquid on the heating wall, avoid local overheating or drying, effectively deal with the instability of flow boiling, avoid large fluctuations in heat transfer efficiency, and maintain efficient and stable heat transfer effect.

[0022] (3) In the present invention, the Tesla valve section is set up so that the working fluid can flow freely in one direction, but will generate significant resistance in the opposite direction. This design reduces the energy loss caused by fluid backflow and ensures the unidirectional flow of the working fluid under high pressure and variable gravity environment. Especially in the extreme dive environment of hypersonic missiles, the backflow of steam bubbles in the loop system may cause the working fluid flow to be blocked or form cavitation. The reverse flow often brings additional pressure fluctuations and flow instability, resulting in uneven cooling and local hot spots. The Tesla valve, through a unique flow channel design, causes the fluid to be diverted and blocked in the flow channel, thereby greatly increasing the flow resistance and significantly improving the unidirectional flow performance of the fluid.

[0023] (4) In the present invention, by setting up a multi-stage channel of the latent heat storage section, the fluid is ensured to be evenly distributed in the system, thereby preventing overheating caused by local heat accumulation; at the same time, an optimized fluid flow path is provided, avoiding fluid retention and dead zone phenomena during the flow process, significantly improving the heat transfer and mass transfer speed in the system, thereby enhancing the overall heat dissipation efficiency.

[0024] (5) In the present invention, the latent heat storage section of the multi-stage branch structure is combined with the pump-driven two-phase flow and phase change heat storage technology to improve the fluid flow efficiency and heat transfer efficiency. Among them, the pump-driven two-phase flow system utilizes the latent heat of the working fluid phase change, which greatly improves the heat transfer and heat dissipation efficiency. Compared with the traditional single-phase liquid cooling system, it has obvious advantages and can also achieve efficient and stable heat sink effects under variable gravity environments and instantaneous high heat flux density. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the projectile head provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a latent heat storage module provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the latent heat storage section structure provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the latent heat storage section provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the latent heat storage section structure provided in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fish mouth guide section provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the morphology design of the fish-mouth-shaped stopper provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the morphology design of the fish-mouth-shaped stopper provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the morphology design of the fish-mouth-shaped stopper provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the morphology design of the fish-mouth-shaped stopper provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the forward downstream structure of a Tesla valve section provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of a Tesla valve section reverse flow blocking structure provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure numbers: 1. projectile; 2. electronic chip; 3. latent heat storage module; 31. heat sink working fluid circuit; 311. fish mouth diversion section; 312. latent heat storage section; 313. centrifugal pump; 314. Tesla valve section; 315. working fluid; 32. liquid reservoir; 33. latent heat storage tank; 34. pressure detection gauge; 35. working fluid flow meter; 36. insulated shell; 4. heat spreader; 41. bubbles; 42. bubble stripping zone; 43. shear flow. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , a short-time and efficient cooling and heat storage integrated device, including a missile body 1, an electronic chip 2, a latent heat storage module 3, and a heat spreader 4. The electronic chip 2 is installed at the head of the missile body 1 and is used to process missile information data. The latent heat storage module 3 is located in the missile body 1 and is used to seal the power consumption heat generated by the electronic chip 2. The latent heat storage module 3 includes a heat sink working fluid circuit 31, and the heat sink working fluid circuit 31 is used for efficient heat dissipation of the electronic chip 2 in a variable gravity environment. A heat spreader 4 is provided on the outside of the heat sink working fluid circuit 31, and the heat of the electronic chip 2 is conducted to the heat sink working fluid circuit 31 of the latent heat storage module 3 through the heat spreader 4, and can reduce thermal stress and local overheating.

[0041] The electronic chip 2 provides functions of intelligent processing and acceleration, navigation and guidance, intelligent cognition and confrontation, independent thinking and decision-making, and information processing and transmission. While providing these functions, the electronic chip 2 will also generate a large amount of heat; if this heat cannot be effectively dissipated, the operating temperature of the electronic chip 2 will rise rapidly, seriously affecting its performance and service life; in order to solve this problem, the combination of the heat spreader 4 and the latent heat storage module 3 provides an efficient thermal management solution.

[0042] As a medium for heat dissipation, the heat spreader 4 is usually very thin in structure design and has high thermal conductivity. It can quickly absorb and conduct the heat generated by the high-performance electronic chip 2. The working principle of the heat spreader 4 is based on the vacuum environment and capillary structure inside it. The vacuum environment and capillary structure are the same as the vacuum environment and capillary structure in the announcement number CN112815750A, and they will not be repeated here. The heat spreader 4 is usually filled with a certain amount of heat-conducting liquid. When the heat source (such as a processor or other electronic components) emits heat, the heat is transferred to the heat-conducting liquid through the plate, causing the liquid to evaporate rapidly at the heat source position, and the vapor generated by the evaporation will diffuse into the entire cavity of the heat spreader 4; when the vapor comes into contact with the cooling area far away from the heat source, the vapor will condense into liquid and release latent heat. The liquid flows back to the evaporation area near the heat source through the capillary structure, thus completing a cycle. Since the vapor chamber 4 relies on the evaporation and condensation process of the liquid for heat transfer, it has efficient and uniform heat dissipation performance. Compared with traditional pure copper or aluminum heat sinks, the vapor chamber 4 can diffuse heat from the high heat flux density area more quickly, thereby significantly improving the heat dissipation efficiency. The vapor chamber 4 transfers heat from the electronic chip 2 to a larger surface area, thereby alleviating the problem of local heat concentration and improving the overall heat dissipation efficiency. After the heat is absorbed by the vapor chamber 4, the heat will be conducted to the latent heat storage module 3. The latent heat storage module 3 uses phase change materials to absorb and store thermal energy. When the phase change material reaches its phase change temperature, it will absorb a large amount of thermal energy, and this stage process is called "latent heat". Compared with sensible heat, the latent heat process can store a large amount of thermal energy at a relatively constant temperature, so it is very suitable for thermal management. The latent heat storage module 3 absorbs the heat conducted by the vapor chamber 4, causing the phase change material to undergo a phase change process, and uses the latent heat absorption effect to store and manage thermal energy. This can not only stabilize the operating temperature of the electronic chip 2, but also balance the heat transfer and dissipation rates when the chip performance requirements fluctuate greatly; as the phase change material completes the phase change, it can maintain the temperature of the high-performance electronic chip 2 within a safe range for a period of time, thereby greatly improving the chip's operating efficiency and service life.

[0043] See also Figure 2 The heat sink working fluid circuit 31 realizes mass transfer, heat exchange, fluid transportation and unidirectional conduction through a multi-section structural design. The heat sink working fluid circuit 31 has a built-in working fluid 315. The heat sink working fluid circuit 31 includes a fish mouth guide section 311, a latent heat storage section 312, a centrifugal pump 313, and a Tesla valve section 314 connected in sequence. The fish mouth guide section 311 is used to destroy the attached air film near the wall of the working fluid flow channel to achieve timely fluid replenishment and maintain nucleate boiling. The latent heat storage section 312 is used to accelerate the mass transfer, heat exchange and transportation of the working fluid 315. The centrifugal pump 313 is used for fluid transportation of the circulating working fluid 315. The Tesla valve section 314 is used for the unidirectional conduction of the working fluid 315 fluid to avoid vapor phase reflux.

[0044] See also Figure 6 The fish-mouth guide section 311 has k fish-mouth-shaped blocks built in, where k is a real number greater than or equal to 1; Figure 7-10 , the morphology of the fish mouth block is obtained by parameterizing the equation:

[0045]

[0046] Among them, t is an angle parameter, and its value range is 0≤t<2π, a is a parameter that determines the horizontal expansion of the morphology and is a positive real number, b is a parameter that determines the vertical expansion of the morphology and is a positive real number, and w is a scaling factor that determines the size of the morphology and is a positive real number. The attached air film in the traditional flow channel will hinder the flow of liquid and reduce the heat exchange efficiency. The fish mouth guide section 311 can generate turbulence by designing a specific geometric shape, such as a fish mouth-shaped opening and a guide channel, so that the attached air film is broken and the contact area between the fluid and the wall is increased; this design can significantly improve the redistribution ability of the liquid on the heating wall, ensure the uniformity and continuity of the liquid film on the wall, and thus enhance the evaporation effect.

[0047] See also Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 The fish-mouth-shaped baffle plays an important role in the industrial field with its unique morphological characteristics. Its shape is smooth and the bottom width is relatively wide, gradually converging to the top and forming a sharp corner. This design is not only beautiful, but also functional; for example, the fish-mouth dike of Dujiangyan cleverly separates the river water, dividing the river water into two, flowing to the inner river and the outer river respectively, ensuring the agricultural irrigation and flood control functions of the Dujiangyan irrigation area; in fluid mechanics, the fish-mouth-shaped baffle induces turbulence, eddy current and shear flow through its unique structure. These flow changes effectively peel off the air film attached to the wall, thereby causing the liquid to redistribute on the heated wall surface. This process has a significant effect on improving heat transfer efficiency and optimizing fluid flow, making the fish-mouth-shaped baffle show irreplaceable advantages in practical applications. The curved and narrow parts of the baffle will significantly interfere with the smooth flow of the fluid. This interference can produce a local irregular velocity field, thereby inducing turbulence; the emergence of this turbulence means that the particles in the fluid will experience rapid and unpredictable movement, resulting in drastic changes in the velocity and pressure of the fluid at different locations.

[0048] The fish-mouth guide section 311 is provided with a first fish-mouth guide portion and a second fish-mouth guide portion which are spaced apart. The first fish-mouth guide portion includes at least two fish-mouth-shaped blocks arranged in parallel, and the second fish-mouth guide portion includes at least one fish-mouth-shaped block. The fish-mouth-shaped block of the first fish-mouth guide portion and the fish-mouth-shaped block of the second fish-mouth guide portion are staggered. In this embodiment, the first fish-mouth guide portion includes two fish-mouth-shaped blocks arranged in parallel, and the second fish-mouth guide portion includes one fish-mouth-shaped block.

[0049] When the fluid passes through the surface of the fish-mouth-shaped block, a small-scale vortex structure, namely an eddy current, is formed. The eddy current is generated when the motion trajectory of the fluid on the block surface separates and reunites. This vortex-like structure not only brings about complex flow phenomena, but also has a profound impact on the energy distribution and momentum transfer of the overall flow field.

[0050] The shape characteristics of the fish-mouth-shaped block cause the velocity gradient to increase significantly when the fluid flows over its edge and surface, thereby causing the formation of shear flow 43. The shear flow 43 is caused by the different relative movement speeds between the fluid layers. This phenomenon enhances the friction and mixing effects of the fluid. As a result, various micro-scale flow structures, such as micro-vortices and turbulence, are excited in the overall flow field, further complicating the flow situation. These flow characteristics can peel off the air film attached to the wall, thereby causing the liquid to redistribute on the heated wall surface, avoiding local overheating or drying up. In this way, the instability of flow boiling can be effectively dealt with, large fluctuations in heat transfer efficiency can be avoided, and efficient and stable heat transfer effects can be maintained. In this embodiment, the bubbles 41 are bubbles in the coolant.

[0051] The gas film attached to the heating surface can significantly affect the heat transfer efficiency; nucleate boiling is a relatively stable form of liquid boiling, which occurs on the surface of the liquid or the heater surface; when the liquid is heated to its boiling point, heat is transferred through conduction and convection, causing bubbles in the liquid to form on the solid surface and quickly detach from the surface. These bubbles take away a large amount of heat, significantly improving the heat transfer efficiency and forming an efficient heat transfer mechanism; in contrast, film boiling is manifested as a continuous vapor film formed by the liquid on the heated surface; when the temperature rises further and exceeds the critical value, the liquid cannot directly contact the heating surface, but boils under the isolation of the vapor film; the vapor film will significantly reduce the heat transfer efficiency because the thermal conductivity of vapor is much lower than that of liquid;

[0052] Although the temperature of the heated surface is higher, the heat is transferred slowly to the liquid mainly by conduction, which forms a less efficient heat transfer mode and has a different effect on the overall characteristics of the boiling phenomenon. In order to ensure an effective heat transfer process, the gas film attached to the wall must be peeled off to restore and maintain nucleate boiling. The purpose of this operation is to break the heat transfer barrier caused by film boiling and restore the system to a more efficient heat transfer state. See Figure 6 By removing the air film, the heat transfer coefficient can be significantly improved while reducing superheat, which is a key step to ensure stable and efficient operation of the system.

[0053] To help understand the design of the fish mouth stopper morphology, see Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10, the schematic diagram of the morphology generation of the fish-mouth-shaped stopper, the specific instructions for morphology drawing in the M file in MATLAB are as follows:

[0054] t=0:0.02:2*pi;

[0055] a=10;

[0056] b = 10;

[0057] w = 0.1;

[0058] x=w*a*cos(t).*cos(t);

[0059] y=w*a*a*(cos(t).^3).*sin(t) / b;

[0060] plot(x,y);

[0061] Figure 7 a=10, b=10, w=0.1, Figure 8 a=5, b=10, w=0.1, Fig. 9 a=10, b=5, w=0.1, Fig.10 a=10, b=10, w=0.2;

[0062] Under the initial parameter conditions, Figure 7 Setting a = 10, b = 10, w = 0.1 forms a standard fish-mouth block, and the generated topography fully demonstrates the characteristics of balanced symmetry; next, by adjusting the parameter a to observe the changes, Figure 8 In the example, a is reduced to 5 while other parameters remain unchanged. This change causes the shape to shrink horizontally, and the resulting fish-mouth-shaped block appears narrower and longer. Then, the effect is analyzed by adjusting parameter b. Fig. 9 In the example, the parameter is set to b = 5. This adjustment makes the morphology larger in the vertical direction. By adjusting the parameter w, Fig.10 In the figure, the parameter is configured as w = 0.2, and the entire topography image has a doubling expansion, showing a fish-mouth-shaped block with a significantly increased magnification.

[0063] The latent heat storage module 3 also includes a liquid reservoir 32 connected to the heat sink working fluid circuit 31 and a latent heat storage tank 33 arranged on the outside of the latent heat storage section 312. The liquid reservoir 32 is used to store liquid and stabilize the system pressure to ensure smooth operation of the circuit and prevent pressure fluctuations. The latent heat storage tank 33 contains a phase change material, which is coated on the outside of the latent heat storage section 312. The latent heat storage section 312 transfers the heat transferred from the electronic chip 2 to the phase change material, and uses the phase change material to absorb a large amount of heat during the latent heat phase change process, thereby realizing heat storage and packaging, reducing the power consumption and heat energy of the electronic chip 2, and preventing the circuit board from being damaged by high temperature.

[0064] The latent heat storage section 312 is a bionic hierarchical structure that imitates the flow channel network in animals and plants. The bionic hierarchical structure has self-similarity, and usually gradually decreases from the trunk to the twigs along with the branch structure, and the radius of the next-level branch pipe and the radius of the trunk pipe satisfy the biological Murray law:

[0065]

[0066] Where i is the number of hierarchical levels and is an integer greater than or equal to 0, N i+1 The number of branch pipes that are divided from a single trunk pipeline into the next-level branch pipeline and is a positive integer greater than 2;

[0067] The length of a single branch pipe and the separation angle of each branch pipe in the next level are L i+1 =L i S i+1 and θ i+1 =2π / N i+1 , where L i is the length of the i-th branch pipe, S i+1 is the length scale factor and is a positive real number greater than 1; the ratio of the length scale factor S i+1 / S i is a positive real number greater than or equal to 1; the ratio of the number of branch pipes is N i+1 / N i is a positive real number greater than or equal to 1.

[0068] The multi-level branching hierarchical structure can provide an efficient fluid transport path, so that heat energy and matter can be quickly distributed and transferred within the system, enhancing the uniformity and controllability of fluid flow and improving the overall heat and mass transfer efficiency of the system.

[0069] In another embodiment, see Figure 3 The latent heat storage section 312 adopts a four-level structure. In each level, N 1 =2 and S 1 =1.4, N 2 =2 and S 2 =1.5, N 3 =2 and S 3 =1.6, N 4 =2 and S 4 =1.7; It should be noted that the ratio of the length scale factor S i+1 / S i is a positive real number greater than or equal to 1, but the total length L of the latent heat storage section 312 0 (1+S 1 +S 1 S 2 +S1 S 2 S 3 +S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4 ) To meet the size limit of the latent heat storage module 3 shell, a reasonable length ratio factor (S 1 S 1… S i ), just scale down L 0 The size limit of the shell can always be met. The latent heat storage section 312 includes a primary channel, a secondary channel, a tertiary channel, and a quaternary channel. The latent heat storage section is distributed in a pile with its axis in between. The working fluid is injected from the primary channel, enters the secondary channel after diversion, enters the tertiary channel after diversion, and enters the quaternary channel after diversion. The latent heat storage section is symmetrically distributed with the quaternary channel as the axis; by using the branching ratio law of the bionic structure, the size and separation angle of each branch pipeline can be accurately controlled in the design stage, thereby regulating the flow path and flow characteristics of the fluid. This controllability is an efficient structure formed by long-term evolution in nature. Through bionic design, artificial systems can achieve efficient operation similar to natural systems.

[0070] See also Figure 4 , whose sizes are schematic and not drawn to scale, the bionics hierarchy adopts a three-level structure, in each level, N 1 =N 2 =N 3 =4, S 1 =1, S 2 =1, S 3 =2.

[0071] See also Fig.11 , Fig.12 , the Tesla valve section 314 is composed of h Tesla valve microchannels that are equally spaced, where h is an integer greater than or equal to 1; in this embodiment, h is taken as 3 as an example; the Tesla valve section 314 microchannel allows the fluid to flow freely in a certain direction through the geometric design of the flow channel; and generates significant resistance in the opposite direction. This is because the asymmetric channel structure in the valve will cause turbulence, diversion and backflow, which significantly increases the flow resistance of the fluid, thereby effectively preventing reverse backflow;

[0072] The difference between the forward and reverse flow resistance of the Tesla valve can be up to 200 times, which can achieve the one-way flow characteristics of the fluid and can effectively avoid vapor phase backflow; see Fig.11As shown in the figure, when the fluid enters the system from the forward direction, although it will encounter two diversion points in the initial stage, due to the special geometric structure of the system, most of the fluid chooses to continue flowing along the thicker straight pipe, and only a small part of the fluid will choose to bypass the upper curved channel. These two diversion points will cause a small amount of fluid to be directed into the bypass channel. However, since the bends of these bypass channels are designed asymmetrically, most of the fluid still tends to choose a straight path with less resistance and a shorter path. As the fluid continues to flow forward in the system, they will encounter a teardrop-shaped structure in the opposite direction of the first diversion point. This design allows the fluid that bypasses the first bend to continue along the straight pipe without having to bypass again. This geometric layout facilitates the reunion of the previously diverted fluid after passing through the second diversion point, almost forming a straight flow path without too much obstruction. This design optimizes the overall fluid flow efficiency to a certain extent, allowing the fluid to minimize energy loss and resistance when flowing forward.

[0073] See also Fig.12 , due to the fixed geometric structure, diversion will still occur, but the diverted fluid will pass through a series of different pipe structures. The design of these structures makes the fluid that goes around the bend from above face a semi-circular wall during the process of moving forward. After the fluid hits this semi-circular wall, the energy will be significantly lost. This energy loss significantly reduces the movement speed of the fluid and changes the momentum and flow direction of the fluid to some extent. In the process of further advancement, these fluids that have experienced energy loss merge with other fluids after the first diversion. When these two fluids meet, due to their different momentum and direction, further energy loss will occur. When two fluids in opposite directions collide with each other, the kinetic energy is converted into heat energy and other forms of energy dissipation, thereby further reducing the overall kinetic energy of the fluid; this process will occur many times, and each round of energy loss will gradually reduce the remaining effective fluid volume, and finally achieve reverse flow resistance.

[0074] During the operation of the missile, especially when encountering overweight and weightlessness, the thermal management system in the missile often faces higher technical challenges. During the high heat flux flow boiling process, steam bubbles will form on the heating surface, and if these bubbles cannot be separated in time, an air film will form between the liquid and the solid surface; this air film has a lower thermal conductivity than the liquid, which will reduce the heat exchange efficiency, cause local overheating, and significantly affect the cooling effect. Especially in the extreme dive environment of hypersonic missiles, the flow situation in the system becomes more complicated. Due to acceleration and other dynamic factors, the steam bubbles in the loop system are easy to flow back, causing reverse annular flow. This phenomenon may cause the flow of working fluid 315 to be blocked or cavitation to form, which will bring additional pressure fluctuations and flow instability, resulting in uneven cooling and the formation of local hot spots. The unstable cooling effect is very unfavorable for the stable operation of hypersonic missiles. In order to solve this problem, the Tesla valve design is adopted. Through the unique flow channel structure, the fluid is diverted and blocked in the flow channel, thereby greatly increasing the flow resistance and significantly improving the unidirectional flow performance of the working fluid 315 fluid, so that the cooling system can still maintain stable and efficient functions under extreme environments;

[0075] For example, the planar vein fin channel disclosed in patent publication number CN117015191A has a number of channels that are limited by geometric constraints on the plane and are difficult to achieve multi-level branches and complex networks like three-dimensional structures. At the same time, the coolant loses weight during a short dive of the missile, and the shrink-expand structure in the microchannel heat sink has limited ability to block reflux or even completely fail. If the reflux cannot be suppressed, the coolant cannot be replenished in time, causing the heat sink channel to dry up, and the temperature of the power-consuming device will rise rapidly, causing the electronic chip to be destroyed; it is obvious that the patent document does not fundamentally solve the problem of flow boiling instability in the heat sink channel.

[0076] See also Figure 2The heat sink working fluid circuit 31 is also provided with a pressure detection gauge 34 for real-time monitoring of pressure changes in the heat sink working fluid circuit 31 and providing feedback signals, and a working fluid flow meter 35 for monitoring flow in order to control and adjust the system; the pressure detection gauge 34 and the working fluid flow meter 35 are both electrically or communicatively connected to the control unit, and the pressure detection gauge 34 is used to monitor the pressure changes in the heat sink working fluid circuit 31 in real time. Once any abnormal pressure is detected, the pressure detection gauge 34 will immediately notify the system control unit through a feedback signal. Such real-time monitoring and feedback mechanism can prevent and correct potential problems in a timely manner, thereby maintaining Safe and stable operation of the system; the working fluid flow meter 35 is used to monitor the working fluid flow in the heat sink working fluid circuit 31. Accurate monitoring of the flow rate can not only grasp the operating status of the system, but also provide a reliable data basis for further control and adjustment. The data of the working fluid flow meter 35 can help the control system adjust the working fluid flow rate, thereby optimizing the cooling effect and energy efficiency; it should be noted that the working fluid flow meter 35 is located downstream of the pressure detection gauge 34, and the controller is electrically or communicatively connected to the working fluid flow meter 35, the pressure detection gauge 34, the fish mouth diversion section 311, the latent heat storage section 312, and the Tesla valve section 314.

[0077] See also Figure 2 The outside of the short-time and efficient cooling-heat storage integrated device is wrapped with an insulating shell 36 that blocks heat flow transfer. The insulating shell 36 is made of an insulating material with a thermal conductivity of no more than 0.1W / (m·K), including but not limited to phenolic foam plastics, polyurethane foam plastics, aluminum-plated polyester film and aluminum-plated polyimide film; in this embodiment, the insulating shell 36 takes aluminum-plated polyimide film as an example, and the insulating shell 36 can effectively reduce the impact of the external environment on the internal temperature of the device, thereby improving its cooling and heat storage efficiency, ensuring that the device can maintain a stable internal temperature during operation, and helping to improve its energy utilization and overall performance; through this insulation treatment, the device can maintain a high working efficiency under various environmental conditions to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

[0078] See also Figure 2 The outer surface of the fish mouth guide section 311 is coated with a heat plate 4, the inlet end of the fish mouth guide section 311 is connected to the outlet end of the Tesla valve section 314, and the inlet end of the Tesla valve section 314 is connected to the outlet end of the centrifugal pump 313; the outer surface of the fish mouth guide section 311 is coated with a heat plate 4, which provides a uniform temperature distribution for the system and further optimizes the flow performance of the fluid; the inlet end of the fish mouth guide section 311 is connected to the outlet end of the Tesla valve section 314 through a pipeline to ensure that the fluid can smoothly flow from the Tesla valve section 314 to the fish mouth guide section 311. The inlet end of the Tesla valve section 314 is connected to the outlet end of the centrifugal pump 313. This design enables the centrifugal pump 313 to provide continuous power to efficiently push the fluid into the Tesla valve section 314, and then enter the fish mouth guide section 311 in turn.

[0079] It should be noted that the working fluid 315 is a heat transfer fluid with a phase change temperature of x degrees Celsius, where x is a real number greater than or equal to 30 and less than or equal to 60, and the heat transfer fluid includes but is not limited to R-141b, R-601, R-113 and R-407C. In this embodiment, R-141b is used as an example of a heat transfer fluid, and the working fluid 315 refers to a medium used to transfer energy and matter in a thermal system. In different thermal cycles, the selection and characteristics of the working fluid 315 directly affect the efficiency and performance of the system; in a short-time and efficient cooling and heat storage integrated device, when the heat source provides heat, the working fluid 315 absorbs heat and begins to vaporize, forming a state where gas and liquid coexist; because the phase change process of the working fluid 315 needs to absorb a large amount of latent heat, efficient heat transfer can be achieved under a small temperature difference.

[0080] The phase change material is a solid-solid phase change material with a phase change temperature of y degrees Celsius, y is a real number greater than or equal to x and less than or equal to 85, and the solid-solid phase change material includes but is not limited to polyols and polymers; polyols include but are not limited to trimethylolethane, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propylene glycol, etc., and polymers include but are not limited to CDA / PEG4000 and HB-PUPCM. In this embodiment, HB-PUPCM is used as an example of the solid-solid phase change material; by accommodating the phase change material in a specific latent heat storage tank 33, and configuring a latent heat storage section 31 inside the package 2. This design can effectively transfer the heat from the electronic chip 2 to the phase change material; the phase change material can absorb a large amount of heat during its latent heat phase change process, thereby realizing heat storage; solid-solid phase change energy storage depends on the mutual transformation of substances between different crystal structures. Some solid materials will have different crystal phases under different temperature conditions. The transformation between these crystal phases is accompanied by the absorption or release of heat. When the solid-solid phase change material is heated to a certain temperature, it will transform from a low-temperature crystal phase to a high-temperature crystal phase and absorb a large amount of heat at the same time; solid-solid phase change materials have multiple advantages in practical applications.

[0081] They do not involve liquid circulation, thus avoiding potential leakage problems and helping to improve system reliability; solid-state phase change materials have smaller volume changes, and more compact and integrated packaging structures can be designed compared to solid-liquid phase change materials.

[0082] The flow rate range of the centrifugal pump 313 is 0 to 5.5 mL / s, the head range is 0 to 15.5 m, the driving power range is 0 to 14.5 W, and the vibration value range of the centrifugal pump 313 when working is 0 to 45.5 mg.

[0083] The liquid reservoir 32 is connected to the front end of the inlet of the centrifugal pump 313. The volume of the liquid reservoir 32 is 0.5~0.9L. In this embodiment, the volume of the liquid reservoir 32 is 0.7L as an example; the liquid reservoir 32 can play a role in stabilizing pressure. During the two-phase flow process, due to changes in the physical properties of the fluid and external conditions, the pressure and flow of the fluid often fluctuate, and these fluctuations will directly affect the stable operation of the system; and the liquid reservoir 32 can buffer the fluctuations in pressure and flow by storing part of the fluid and releasing or absorbing the fluid when needed. This buffering effect ensures that the pump and other equipment can operate smoothly and reduces the failure rate of the equipment; the liquid reservoir 32 is located upstream of the centrifugal pump 313, and the centrifugal pump 313 is located upstream of the pressure detection gauge 34.

[0084] In most two-phase flow applications, the working fluid 315 being transported is usually a mixture of liquid and gas, and the pump needs a certain amount of working fluid 315 from the reservoir 32 to maintain its transport capacity and efficiency; the reservoir 32 continuously and uninterruptedly provides the required working fluid 315 to the system, so that the pump and other components of the system can work in the best operating state; the reservoir 32 also plays a role in gas-liquid separation. The working fluid in the two-phase flow system often exhibits a coexistence state of liquid and gas, and the centrifugal pump 313 often cannot directly transport these coexisting phases. Among them, the liquid working fluid 315 plays a decisive role in the transport efficiency of most pump-driven systems. Therefore, the reservoir 32 needs to have accurate and efficient gas-liquid separation capabilities. The reservoir 32 can effectively collect the liquid working fluid 315 and send it into the centrifugal pump 313. Especially under conditions with large load changes, the reservoir 32 can flexibly respond to changes in system demand by adjusting the outflow rate of the liquid and the separation efficiency of the gas, avoiding the impact on system performance caused by instantaneous flow fluctuations.

[0085] Working principle: When the electronic chip 2 is working, the heat generated is first transferred to the latent heat storage module 3 through the heat spreader 4. The heat spreader 4 plays a role in evenly distributing heat, reducing thermal stress and local overheating. The heat then enters the heat sink working fluid circuit 31 in the latent heat storage module 3; as the temperature rises, the working fluid 315 boils and evaporates in the fish mouth guide section 311. The fish mouth guide section 311 destroys the attached air film near the wall of the working fluid flow channel through its special design, so that the liquid can effectively contact the heated wall surface, maintain nucleate boiling, and thus improve the heat exchange efficiency. The gas and liquid phases of the working fluid 315 carry out mass transfer and heat exchange in the latent heat storage section 312. The latent heat storage section 312 adopts a bionic hierarchical structure to ensure efficient transport and uniform distribution of the fluid, so that the heat can be quickly transmitted to the phase change material in the phase change material heat storage tank 33; the phase change material undergoes a phase change after absorbing a certain amount of heat, and uses the characteristic of absorbing a large amount of heat during the phase change process to seal up the power consumption heat energy generated by the electronic chip 2, thereby reducing the temperature of the electronic chip 2 and ensuring its normal operation; then, when the heat carried by the working fluid 315 is completely transferred, it will cool into liquid and re-enter the circulation system through the centrifugal pump 313; the centrifugal pump 313 provides a driving force for fluid transportation, so that the working fluid 315 circulates efficiently in the loop; when the liquid working fluid 315 is in the Tesla valve section 314, the asymmetric channel structure of the Tesla valve prevents the reverse flow of the working fluid 315, ensuring the unidirectional flow characteristics and stability of the system. The liquid reservoir 32 not only stores the liquid working fluid 315, but also stabilizes the system pressure, ensures the smooth operation of the heat sink working fluid circuit 31, and prevents pressure fluctuations. During the entire cooling-heat storage process, the pressure detection gauge 34 and the working fluid flow meter 35 monitor the pressure and flow changes of the heat sink working fluid circuit 31 in real time, and provide necessary feedback signals so that the system can make timely adjustments and controls.

[0086] Example 2

[0087] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the latent heat storage section 312 adopts a four-level structure. In each level, N 1 =4,N 2 =5,N 3 =6, N 4 =7, S 1 =1.2,S 2 =1.3,S 3 =1.4,S 4 =1.5.

[0088] Alternatively, the three-dimensional latent heat storage section 312 may be N i+1 / N i =4, S i+1 / S i =1 / 0.618; the ratio of the number of branch pipes to N i+1 / Ni =4, that is, the number of branch pipes in the next level is 4 times that of the previous level. This branch ratio is preferred because it can balance the relationship between the number of pipes and the length of pipes while ensuring the fluid transportation efficiency, avoiding excessive complexity, ensuring effective fluid transmission and heat exchange paths, and maximizing the heat exchange surface area; and the ratio of the length scale factor uses the golden ratio 1 / 0.618. The golden ratio has been widely used in nature and can make the system have a beautiful structure and stable performance. The branch length and number of this ratio can optimize heat and mass transfer while making the system structure have high stability and reliability.

[0089] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. Short-time high-efficiency cooling and heat storage integrated device, characterized in that: It comprises a latent heat storage module, in which a heat sink working fluid circuit is arranged, and the heat sink working fluid circuit comprises a fish-mouth guide section, a latent heat storage section, and a Tesla valve section which are connected in sequence, the fish-mouth guide section is used to remove the attached air film on the wall near the working fluid flow channel and maintain nucleate boiling, the latent heat storage section can drive the mass transfer of the working fluid in the heat sink working fluid circuit, the Tesla valve section is used to drive the working fluid to be unidirectionally conducted, the heat sink working fluid circuit is connected to a heat source through the fish-mouth guide section, and the outer side of the latent heat storage section is coated with a phase change material.

2. The short-time high-efficiency cooling and heat storage integrated device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer side of the fish mouth guide section is covered with a heat spreader and is connected to a heat source through the heat spreader.

3. The short-time high-efficiency cooling and heat storage integrated device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heat source includes an electronic chip, and the latent heat storage module and the electronic chip are both placed at the head of the projectile.

4. The short-time high-efficiency cooling and heat storage integrated device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fish-mouth guide section is provided with a first fish-mouth guide portion and a second fish-mouth guide portion which are spaced apart from each other. The first fish-mouth guide portion includes at least two fish-mouth-shaped blocks which are arranged in parallel, and the second fish-mouth guide portion includes at least one fish-mouth-shaped block. The fish-mouth-shaped blocks of the first fish-mouth guide portion and the fish-mouth-shaped blocks of the second fish-mouth guide portion are staggered.

5. The short-time high-efficiency cooling and heat storage integrated device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The Tesla valve section includes a plurality of Tesla valve microchannels that are equally spaced and distributed, and the plurality of Tesla valve microchannels are arranged side by side.

6. The short-time high-efficiency cooling and heat storage integrated device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The latent heat storage module and the electronic chip are covered with an insulating shell on the outside.

7. The short-time high-efficiency cooling and heat storage integrated device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The latent heat storage section comprises a primary channel, a secondary channel, a tertiary channel and a quaternary channel. The latent heat storage section is distributed in a stack with its axis thereof. The working fluid is injected from the primary channel, enters the secondary channel after diversion, enters the tertiary channel after diversion again, and enters the fourth channel after diversion in the third channel. The latent heat storage section is symmetrically distributed with the fourth channel as the axis.

8. The short-time high-efficiency cooling and heat storage integrated device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The latent heat storage module comprises a latent heat storage tank, and the latent heat storage section and the phase change material are both located in the latent heat storage tank.

9. The short-time high-efficiency cooling and heat storage integrated device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a controller, and the latent heat storage module also includes a working fluid flow meter and a pressure detection gauge. The working fluid flow meter and the pressure detection gauge are both connected to the heat sink working fluid circuit, and the working fluid flow meter is located downstream of the pressure detection gauge. The controller is electrically or communicatively connected to the working fluid flow meter, the pressure detection gauge, the fish mouth diversion section, the latent heat storage section, and the Tesla valve section.

10. The short-time high-efficiency cooling and heat storage integrated device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The heat sink working medium circuit is also connected with a liquid reservoir and a centrifugal pump. The liquid reservoir is located upstream of the centrifugal pump, and the centrifugal pump is located upstream of the pressure detection gauge.

Images