A device and method for synchronously measuring static and dynamic vertical displacement of a structure

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device and method for synchronously measuring the static and dynamic vertical displacement of a structure, comprising: a test end container, a reference point container, a connecting pipe, a fluid medium, a displacement meter, an inertial mass block, and a pressure sensor. The test end container and the reference point container are connected via a connecting pipe, the connecting pipe being provided with a valve. The inertial mass block is disposed within the test end container, and the upper and lower ends of the inertial mass block are both connected to the test end container via elastic elements. The test end container and the reference point container are filled with a fluid medium configured to make the gravity and buoyancy of the inertial mass block equivalent. The displacement meter is configured to measure and obtain the vertical displacement of the inertial mass block. The pressure sensor is used to measure the pressure difference caused by the height difference of the fluid medium within the test end container and the reference point container at both ends of the connecting pipe. The present invention has significant advantages such as fast and efficient installation and deployment, a good structural form and adaptability to natural environments, and good economic efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of structural displacement monitoring / measurement, and more particularly to a device and method for synchronously measuring static and dynamic vertical displacement of a structure. Background Art

[0002] The vertical deflection of a bridge can be divided into two parts: static deflection and dynamic deflection. They are not only related to the safety, reliability and traffic comfort of the bridge, but also directly affect the operation and maintenance management decisions of the bridge. They are the most important parameters in bridge health monitoring and routine inspections. (1) Static deflection can directly reflect the vertical overall stiffness of the main beam. Through long-term continuous monitoring or regular measurement of static deflection, the bearing capacity of the bridge under different loads can be evaluated. Potential safety hazards (such as structural damage, fatigue cracks, etc.) can also be discovered in time, providing an important basis for the safe use and operation and maintenance management (maintenance, repair or reinforcement, etc.) of the bridge, and avoiding the occurrence of safety accidents. At the same time, the correctness and rationality of the design theory can be verified by comparing the measured value of static deflection with the design value, and experience can be accumulated for subsequent bridge design. (2) Dynamic deflection reflects the dynamic deformation of the bridge beam under the action of operational loads (such as vehicles, wind, earthquakes, crowds, etc.). It is the most intuitive parameter for evaluating the stiffness of the main beam, evaluating the operating status of the beam, and identifying beam damage. Dynamic deflection testing can reveal a bridge's true dynamic characteristics (such as impact coefficient, natural frequency, and damping ratio), and can be used to assess its structural stability and safety under dynamic loads. This is crucial for daily bridge operation and maintenance, enabling timely detection and treatment of bridge defects and extending their service life. Bridge vertical deflection is a key consideration throughout all stages of bridge design, construction, and operation and maintenance. Therefore, accurately and efficiently measuring bridge vertical deflection has significant engineering value and socioeconomic benefits.

[0003] Currently, bridge vertical deflection is primarily measured using direct and indirect methods. Direct measurement methods include the Beidou system and GPS used for extra-large span bridges, and graphical methods and table displacement meters used for small and medium span bridges. The commonly used accelerometer method and inclinometer method are indirect measurement methods. The measurement accuracy of these existing methods is unrelated to the dynamic deflection of structures like bridges. The accuracy of the equipment is fixed upon production, making it inadequate for the varying accuracy requirements for large and small displacements. Satellite-based measurement technology and equipment require unobstructed access to the measurement point, resulting in low vertical displacement accuracy, complex technology, and high cost. These methods are unsuitable for the large-scale dynamic deflection testing of small and medium span bridges. Graphical methods use image acquisition equipment with high power consumption and are not resilient to the adverse effects of rain, snow, fog, and foundation vibration. Furthermore, issues such as lens contamination and inherent safety protection are difficult to effectively address during long-term monitoring, and high-quality lenses are not cost-effective. Table displacement meters offer high accuracy and are cost-effective, but they require a fixed reference point during testing, significantly limiting their applicability. Traditional optical levels and total stations (including measuring robots) are incapable of dynamic displacement measurement. Furthermore, increasing the distance between the measuring point and the reference point necessitates station rotation, reducing measurement efficiency. Indirect measurement methods obtain deflection values ​​through complex mathematical operations after acquiring the values ​​of other physical quantities. These methods, however, are difficult to accurately account for inherent data errors and the actual boundary conditions during data processing. These methods are subject to significant empirical constraints, resulting in suboptimal accuracy. The interconnected tube deflection measurement method and equipment, commonly used in health monitoring, are only suitable for static or quasi-static deflection measurements (with structural frequencies below 0.3 Hz). Microwave radar, a recently emerging method, is still in the research stage and is susceptible to interference from the atmosphere, rain, and snow (resulting in rapid signal attenuation). Its practical value is limited, as are its high power consumption and high cost. Furthermore, inertial displacement meters, well-known to engineers, are theoretically mature, but the equipment is bulky and has yet to be effectively applied in actual bridge projects.

[0004] To ensure the structural safety of such a large number of bridges, transportation authorities have issued guidance on the establishment of bridge safety monitoring systems, also known as health monitoring systems, and have established corresponding standards. Related projects are rapidly underway. Accurately, quickly, and cost-effectively determining vertical beam deflections, particularly adapting the span-dependence of dynamic deflection accuracy to meet varying measurement accuracy requirements, presents a pressing technical challenge. The design and manufacture of the corresponding testing equipment presents another significant challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0005] An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages which will be described hereinafter.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for directly testing the dynamic deflection of the main beam that can adapt to different span bridges with different vertical dynamic deflection accuracy requirements, while realizing the monitoring / measurement of 0.1mm vertical static deflection, and having the significant advantages of fast and efficient installation and layout, better structural form and adaptability to the natural environment, and good economy.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve this technical problem is: a synchronous measurement device for static and dynamic vertical displacement of a structure, comprising: a test end container, a reference point container, a connecting pipe, a fluid medium, a displacement meter, an inertial mass block, and a pressure sensor;

[0008] The test end container and the reference point container are connected by a connecting pipe with a valve. The inertial mass block is disposed in the test end container. The upper and lower ends of the inertial mass block are connected to the test end container via elastic elements. The test end container and the reference point container are filled with a fluid medium. The fluid medium is configured to make the gravity and buoyancy of the inertial mass block equivalent. The displacement meter is configured to measure and obtain the vertical displacement value of the inertial mass block. The pressure sensor is used to measure the pressure difference caused by the height difference of the fluid medium in the test end container and the reference point container at both ends of the connecting pipe.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention, the pressure sensor is a pneumatic pressure sensor or a hydraulic pressure sensor.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, it further includes a data processing and transmission module and a test result display;

[0011] Wherein, the displacement meter, pressure sensor and test result display are electrically connected to the data processing and transmission module respectively.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention, the bottom of the test end container is separated into a compartment not connected to the upper space by a bottom plate, and the displacement meter is fixed to the compartment by a positioning assembly;

[0013] The bottom plate is provided with a through hole at the center of the bottom end of the inertial mass block, and a transparent rigid plate is provided directly above the through hole. The rigid plate is sealed and connected to the bottom plate. The laser displacement meter measures the vertical displacement value of the inertial mass block through the through hole.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention, a flow channel is formed on the side of the partition chamber close to the connecting pipe, one end of the flow channel is connected to the connecting pipe, and the other end of the flow channel is connected to the upper space of the test end container. The flow channel is not connected to the partition chamber, and a baffle is provided on the side of the bottom plate close to the flow channel. The baffle is located between the flow channel and the inertial mass block, and the elevation of the top surface of the baffle is equivalent to the elevation of the bottom surface of the inertial mass block.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention, the elastic element at the upper end of the inertial mass block is fixed to the inner wall of the test end container through an upper end plate.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention, the mass block is restricted to move only up and down by a guide device, and a rollable spherical steel ball is provided on the inner side of the guide device in contact with the mass block.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention, the inertial mass block is a hollow structure with a smooth outer surface.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for synchronously measuring the static and dynamic vertical displacements of a structure using the device, including static vertical displacement measurement and dynamic vertical displacement measurement;

[0019] a. The static displacement measurement is specifically as follows: the reference point container is placed at a relatively fixed point (reference point), the test end container is placed at the measuring point, and the valve between them is opened. The pressure difference between the reference point container and the test end container is detected by a pressure sensor, and the pressure difference is converted into a static vertical displacement value;

[0020] b. The dynamic displacement measurement is specifically as follows: the test end container is placed at the measuring point, the axis direction of the spring is vertically parallel to the structure, and the vertical displacement of the inertial mass block measured by the displacement meter is recorded as the vertical dynamic deflection of the bridge.

[0021] When it is necessary to measure the static vertical displacement and the dynamic vertical displacement simultaneously, step a and step b are completed at the same time.

[0022] When only dynamic deflection testing is required, the test end container can be placed at the measuring point after closing the valve, without the need for a reference point; or the connecting pipe and reference point container can be removed after the valve is closed; or the entire device can be placed at the measuring point, regardless of whether the valve is closed.

[0023] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The inertial mass block is a hollow structure with a smooth outer surface. The buoyancy provided by the fluid medium is equivalent to the mass block's gravity. The inertial mass block's external structure and outer surface roughness, together with the fluid medium, provide optimal damping for the inertial mass block, enabling high-precision measurement of vertical dynamic deflection. The semi-enclosed communicating vessel structure improves the applicability of vertical static deflection testing. This enables automated, simultaneous measurement of vertical dynamic and static deflections without line of sight, and the integration, miniaturization, and portability of the measuring device. The adverse effects of various physical obstructions on deflection measurement are eliminated. When only dynamic deflection testing is required, the valve is closed and the test end container is placed at the measuring point (the communicating tube and reference point container can be removed or placed at the measuring point, but this is not required), eliminating the need for a reference point. The present invention directly measures dynamic displacement, avoiding the adverse effects of the complex integral calculations and boundary condition selection of the acceleration method on accuracy. The described technology and device have excellent measurement accuracy, environmental adaptability, and good economic efficiency.

[0024] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be reflected in part from the following description and will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is an elevation view of the synchronous measuring device for static and dynamic vertical displacement of a structure according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical dynamic deflection measurement principle of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Among them, 1-test end container, 2-reference point container, 3-connecting pipe, 4-fluid medium, 5-displacement meter, 6-inertial mass block, 7-pressure sensor, 8-valve, 9-data processing and transmission module, 10-test result display, 11-housing, 12-bottom plate, 13-flow channel, 14-baffle, 15-upper end plate, 16-elastic element, 17-guide device, 18-top limit plate, 19-bottom positioning plate, 20-end cover plate, 21-sealed gas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention is described in detail and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement the present invention based on this description. Before describing the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be noted that the technical solutions and technical features provided in various parts of the present invention, including those described below, may be combined with each other unless they conflict.

[0029] In addition, the embodiments of the present invention described below are generally only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Therefore, based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making any creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0031] The present invention discloses a device and method for measuring the vertical displacement of a structure, relates to the field of monitoring / measuring the vertical displacement of a structure, and is introduced by taking the vertical deflection of a bridge main beam as an example.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a synchronous measurement device for static and dynamic vertical displacement of a structure, comprising: a test end container, a reference point container, a connecting pipe, a fluid medium, a displacement meter, an inertial mass block, and a pressure sensor;

[0033] The test-end container and the reference-point container are connected by a connecting pipe equipped with a valve. In one embodiment, the valve is installed at the end of the connecting pipe proximal to the test-end container. An inertial mass is disposed within the test-end container. The upper and lower ends of the inertial mass are connected to the test-end container via elastic elements, with the height centerline of the inertial mass coinciding with the axes of the elastic elements at its ends. In this embodiment, the elastic elements are springs. Fluid is contained in the test-end container and the reference-point container. The space in the test-end container not containing the fluid contains a sealed gas. The fluid is configured to ensure that the gravity acting on the inertial mass is equivalent to the buoyancy. The shape and surface roughness of the inertial mass, along with the viscosity of the fluid, provide optimal damping for the inertial mass, thereby ensuring accurate vertical dynamic deflection measurement. A displacement meter is configured to measure the vertical displacement of the inertial mass. In this embodiment, the displacement meter is a laser displacement meter. A pressure sensor is used to measure the pressure differential caused by the height difference between the fluid in the test-end container and the reference-point container at either end of the connecting pipe. Specifically, the top of the reference-point container is sealed to form a sealed gas space, or it can be directly sealed with liquid. A through hole is opened in the middle of the top plate of the reference point container and connected to the test end of the pressure sensor 7. A through hole is opened in the middle of the top plate of the test end container and connected to the test end of the pressure sensor 7 for measuring the change of the pressure difference.

[0034] This technical solution may also include the following technical details to better achieve the technical effect: the pressure sensor is a pneumatic pressure sensor or a hydraulic pressure sensor.

[0035] This technical solution may also include the following technical details to better achieve the technical effect: it also includes a data processing and transmission module, a test result display;

[0036] The displacement meter, pressure sensor, and test result display are electrically connected to the data processing and transmission module. Preferably, the pressure sensor, test result display, and data processing and transmission module are integrated above the test end container, and these components are protected by a housing.

[0037] This technical solution may also include the following technical details to better achieve the technical effect: the bottom of the test end container is separated by a bottom plate into a compartment that is not connected to the upper space, and the displacement meter is fixed to the compartment through a positioning assembly, and the positioning assembly includes a top limit plate, a bottom positioning plate and an end cover plate. The top limit plate and the bottom positioning plate limit the movement of the displacement meter in the height direction. The bottom positioning plate and the end cover plate are fixed, and the end cover plate is fixed to the bottom of the compartment, so that the light source emission point of the displacement meter is vertically coaxial with the through hole of the bottom plate during installation;

[0038] The bottom plate is provided with a through hole at the center of the bottom end of the inertial mass block, and a transparent rigid plate is provided directly above the through hole. The rigid plate is sealed and connected to the bottom plate. The laser displacement meter measures the vertical displacement value of the inertial mass block through the through hole.

[0039] This technical solution may also include the following technical details to better achieve the technical effect: a flow channel is formed on the side of the partition chamber close to the connecting pipe, one end of the flow channel is connected to the connecting pipe, and the other end of the flow channel is connected to the upper space of the test end container. The flow channel is not connected to the partition chamber, and a baffle is provided on the side of the bottom plate close to the flow channel. The baffle is located between the flow channel and the inertial mass block, and the elevation of the top surface of the baffle is equivalent to the elevation of the bottom surface of the inertial mass block. The baffle is used to reduce the impact of the flow of the fluid medium between the test end container and the reference point container on the mass block.

[0040] This technical solution may also include the following technical details to better achieve the technical effect: the elastic element at the upper end of the inertial mass block is fixed to the inner wall of the test end container through an upper end plate, and the upper end plate is arranged horizontally; the elastic element at the lower end of the inertial mass block is connected to the bottom plate.

[0041] This technical solution may also include the following technical details to further achieve the technical effect: the mass block is constrained to only vertical movement by a guide device, and a rollable spherical steel ball is disposed on the inner side of the guide device where it contacts the mass block. The upper end plate, elastic element, inertial mass block, and guide device are all submerged in a fluid medium.

[0042] This technical solution may further include the following technical details to better achieve the technical effect: the inertial mass block is a hollow structure with a smooth outer surface.

[0043] In another embodiment, a method using the device for synchronously measuring static and dynamic vertical displacements of a structure includes static vertical displacement measurement and dynamic vertical displacement measurement;

[0044] a. The static displacement measurement specifically comprises: placing a reference point container at a relatively fixed point (reference point), placing a test end container at a test point, and opening a valve between them. A pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure difference between the reference point container and the test end container, and the pressure difference is converted into a static vertical displacement value. In one embodiment, a data processing and transmission module is provided to automatically convert the pressure difference into a static vertical displacement value. The specific conversion formula is: converting the vertical displacement change into a pressure difference change (directly measured by the pressure sensor 7), and calculating the static vertical displacement value based on the principle that pressure is equal to the product of density, gravitational acceleration, and the static vertical displacement value.

[0045] b. The dynamic displacement measurement is specifically as follows: the test end container is placed at the measuring point, the axis direction of the spring is vertically parallel to the structure, and the vertical displacement of the inertial mass block measured by the displacement meter is recorded as the vertical dynamic deflection of the bridge.

[0046] When it is necessary to measure the static vertical displacement and the dynamic vertical displacement simultaneously, step a and step b are completed at the same time.

[0047] When only dynamic deflection testing is required, the test end container can be placed at the measuring point after closing the valve, without the need for a reference point; or the connecting pipe and reference point container can be removed after the valve is closed; or the entire device can be placed at the measuring point, regardless of whether the valve is closed.

[0048] The semi-enclosed connecting vessel structure improves the applicability of vertical static deflection testing, enabling simultaneous, automated measurement of both dynamic and static vertical deflections of bridges without line of sight, and enabling integrated, miniaturized, and portable measuring equipment. This eliminates the adverse effects of physical obstructions on deflection measurement. To test only dynamic deflection, the valve is closed and the test vessel is placed at the measuring point (the connecting pipe and reference point vessel can be removed or placed at the measuring point, regardless of requirement). No reference point is required.

[0049] Its working principle is as follows: The aforementioned test end container, reference point container, connecting pipe, and fluid medium together form a semi-enclosed connecting vessel, which enables real-time measurement of vertical static deflection in multiple scenarios. The upper end plate, elastic element, inertial mass block, guide device, laser displacement meter, and top limit plate, bottom positioning plate, and end cover plate used to position and fix the displacement meter together form a semi-enclosed suspended inertial system, thereby enabling vertical dynamic deflection measurement. These, together with the aforementioned baffle fixed to the top surface of the bottom plate and the valve fixed to the end of the connecting pipe on the side of the bottom plate of the test end container, form a structural vertical displacement monitoring / measurement device.

[0050] Taking bridges as an example, after the parameters of the above device are determined, the smaller the main beam span, the higher its natural frequency and the higher the dynamic deflection test accuracy. The larger the main beam span, the lower its natural frequency and the lower the accuracy requirement for dynamic deflection testing. Specifically, small and medium-span bridges have high stiffness and low vertical dynamic deflection, requiring high-precision measurement equipment. Large and extra-large span bridges have low stiffness and large vertical dynamic deflection, requiring lower accuracy. Therefore, this method and device are highly suitable for measuring vertical dynamic deflection in bridge engineering. When the damping ratio is between 0.6 and 0.7 and the ratio of the main beam natural frequency to the natural frequency of the inertial mass is greater than 3, dynamic displacement measurement errors within 1% are guaranteed. This makes it particularly suitable for measuring vertical dynamic deflection on bridges.

[0051] The principle of vertical dynamic deflection measurement is as follows:

[0052] The center of gravity o of the mass block is the coordinate origin, the upward direction is the positive y direction, the surface of the object to be measured is the reference, the upward direction is the positive y direction. s Direction, establish a coordinate system such as Figure 2 shown.

[0053] g is the acceleration due to gravity; c is the damping coefficient (provided by the pressure transmission medium and related to the shape and surface finish of the inertial mass block), k is the elastic element stiffness: m is the mass of the inertial mass block.

[0054] The differential equation of motion of the inertial mass is:

[0055]

[0056] Assumptions: are the displacement amplitude and vibration frequency of the object to be measured respectively. The relative displacement between the inertial mass block and the displacement to be measured is Through structural design and selection of pressure transmission medium, the gravity of the inertial mass block is made equivalent to the buoyancy it receives, and the comprehensive damping ratio is adjustable.

[0057] Then the above equation of motion can be written as:

[0058]

[0059] Arranged into the form of a second-order non-homogeneous linear differential equation with constant coefficients:

[0060]

[0061] make , then:

[0062]

[0063] Pick is the natural vibration frequency of the inertial mass block in the measurement device.

[0064] The solution (particular solution) of the steady-state vibration equation in the underdamped state is:

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] From this, we can see that as long as the natural frequency is sufficiently lower than the vibration frequency of the object being measured, the laser displacement meter reading (the displacement amplitude of the mass block relative to the object being measured) is the actual displacement amplitude of the object being measured, and the frequency of change is the same. That is:

[0068]

[0069] When taking When the laser displacement meter reading X (i.e. the displacement amplitude of the mass block) is used instead of the displacement amplitude of the object to be measured The error is about 0.39%, and it increases with the frequency ratio. The error continues to decrease with the increase of , and this accuracy can fully meet the engineering requirements.

[0070] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. In other words, the above method and device are also applicable to the monitoring and measurement of vertical displacements of roads, slopes, foundations, building structures, etc. For those skilled in the art, further modifications can be easily realized. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and embodiments shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A synchronous measurement device for static and dynamic vertical displacement of a structure, characterized in that: include: Test end container, reference point container, connecting pipe, liquid, displacement meter, inertial mass block, pressure sensor; The test end container and the reference point container are connected by a connecting pipe, which is provided with a valve. The inertial mass block is disposed in the test end container, and the upper and lower ends of the inertial mass block are connected to the test end container via springs. The test end container and the reference point container are filled with liquid, and the liquid is configured to make the gravity acting on the inertial mass block equivalent to the buoyancy. The displacement meter is configured to measure and obtain the vertical displacement value of the inertial mass block; the pressure sensor is used to measure the pressure difference caused by the height difference of the liquid in the test end container and the reference point container at both ends of the connecting pipe, and convert the pressure difference into a static vertical displacement value. A through hole is opened in the middle of the top plate of the reference point container and connected to the test end of the pressure sensor, and a through hole is opened in the middle of the top plate of the test end container and connected to the test end of the pressure sensor for measuring the change in the pressure difference; The vertical displacement value of the inertial mass block is the vertical dynamic deflection of the bridge. The bottom of the test end container is separated by a bottom plate into a compartment that is not connected to the upper space. The displacement meter is fixed to the compartment via a positioning assembly. The bottom plate is provided with a through hole at the center of the bottom end of the inertial mass block. A transparent rigid plate is provided directly above the through hole. The rigid plate is sealed to the bottom plate. The laser displacement meter measures the vertical displacement value of the inertial mass block through the through hole. A flow channel is formed on one side of the compartment near the connecting pipe, one end of the flow channel is connected to the connecting pipe, and the other end of the flow channel is connected to the upper space of the test end container. The flow channel is not connected to the compartment. A baffle is provided on the side of the bottom plate near the flow channel. The baffle is located between the flow channel and the inertial mass block, and the elevation of the top surface of the baffle is equivalent to the elevation of the bottom surface of the inertial mass block. The center line of the inertial mass block in the height direction coincides with the axes of the springs at both ends of the inertial mass block. The mass block is restricted to move only up and down by a guide device. A rollable spherical steel ball is provided on the inner side of the guide device in contact with the mass block.

2. The synchronous measurement device for static and dynamic vertical displacement of a structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure sensor is a pneumatic pressure sensor or a hydraulic pressure sensor.

3. The synchronous measurement device for static and dynamic vertical displacement of a structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a data processing and transmission module and a test result display; Wherein, the displacement meter, pressure sensor and test result display are electrically connected to the data processing and transmission module respectively.

4. The synchronous measurement device for static and dynamic vertical displacement of a structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic element at the upper end of the inertial mass block is fixed to the inner wall of the test end container through the upper end plate.

5. The synchronous measurement device for static and dynamic vertical displacement of a structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inertial mass block is a hollow structure with a smooth outer surface.

6. A method for synchronously measuring the static and dynamic vertical displacement of a structure using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Including static vertical displacement measurement and dynamic vertical displacement measurement; a. The static displacement measurement is specifically as follows: the reference point container is placed at a relatively fixed point, the test end container is placed at a measuring point, and the valve between them is opened. The pressure difference between the reference point container and the test end container is detected by a pressure sensor, and the pressure difference is converted into a static vertical displacement value; b. The dynamic displacement measurement is specifically as follows: placing the test end container at the measuring point so that the axis of the spring is vertically parallel to the structure, and recording the vertical displacement of the inertial mass block measured by the displacement meter as the vertical dynamic deflection of the bridge; When it is necessary to measure the static vertical displacement and the dynamic vertical displacement simultaneously, step a and step b are completed at the same time.

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