Dry-wet cycle device and method for measuring lysimeter of clay slope based on humidity difference

Abstract

The invention discloses a dry-wet cycle device and method for measuring the lysimeter of a clay slope based on humidity difference, and relates to the technical field of climate engineering geology. The device comprises a model box, a rainfall assembly, an evaporation assembly, a measuring assembly and an angle adjusting assembly, wherein a clay slope body placed on an inclined plate is built in the model box; the rainfall assembly and the evaporation assembly are used for simulating real dry-wet alternation conditions of the clay slope; the measuring assembly comprises a cracked clay side slope internal hydrological sensor and an external water flux monitoring system and is used for monitoring the hydrological change condition of the cracked clay side slope; the angle adjusting assembly is arranged at the slope toe position below the inclined plate and used for adjusting the inclination angle of the slope. According to the soil evaporation capacity calculation method based on the humidity difference principle, the actual evaporation capacity of the cracked clay slope can be efficiently and accurately calculated, the defect that the actual evaporation capacity of the slope cannot be measured through a traditional model test is overcome, and the important theoretical value and the actual application prospect are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of climate engineering geology, and more specifically to a dry-wet cycle device and method for measuring the evaporation of a clay slope based on humidity difference. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the global average temperature has continued to rise, and the frequency, intensity, and spatial distribution of various extreme climate events have also increased. Against the backdrop of such environmental changes, long-term droughts and extreme rainfall events have frequently occurred in my country, inducing a series of geological disasters and engineering geological problems in areas where clay soils are widely distributed, such as soil cracking, landslides, soil erosion, and reduced engineering properties.

[0003] At present, the method for studying the hydrological characteristics of clay slopes is more based on field experiments, but such methods have long cycles, complex operations and high operating costs. In extreme weather conditions, there are many influencing factors and it is difficult to maintain the authenticity and effectiveness of the experiment, while indoor experiments can often avoid the interference of these factors.

[0004] In addition, measuring the actual evaporation of soil outdoors has always been a problem. Existing indoor soil evaporation measuring instruments often use weighing instruments to measure soil evaporation. The soil volume that can be measured is limited, and a large number of sensors are required, which is expensive. The installation and use of sensors requires professional technicians and is difficult to operate. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a dry-wet cycle device and method for measuring the evaporation of clay slopes based on humidity difference, so as to solve the technical problems of complex field test operation, high operating cost, difficulty in adjusting the slope angle and inaccurate measurement results in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the first objective of the present invention is to provide a dry-wet cycle device for measuring the evaporation of clay slopes based on humidity difference, comprising a model box, a rainfall component, an evaporation component, a measurement component and an angle adjustment component;

[0007] The interior of the model box is constructed with a clay slope body placed on an inclined plate;

[0008] The angle adjustment component is arranged at the slope foot position below the inclined plate, and is used to adjust different inclination angles of the clay slope body;

[0009] The rainfall component is arranged on the top of the model box and is used to simulate the real rainfall process on the clay slope;

[0010] The evaporation component is arranged near the model box and is used to simulate the sunny day evaporation process of the clay slope body;

[0011] The measuring assembly comprises an internal hydrological monitoring component and an external hydrological monitoring component, which are used to measure the changes in the internal hydrological strips of the clay slope during the soil drying and wetting cycle at a corresponding inclination angle.

[0012] Preferably, the model box includes a model box body with an opening at the upper end and a model cover covering the opening, the model box body includes a bottom plate and a front wall, a rear wall, a left side wall and a right side wall vertically arranged around the bottom plate, and the front wall, the rear wall and the left side wall are all fixedly connected to the bottom plate, one end of the inclined plate is hinged on the bottom plate, and the other end is obliquely connected to the inner wall of the right side wall, and the right side wall is suitable for being movably connected along the front and rear direction of the bottom plate when the inclined plate rotates; an air inlet is provided on the left side wall, and an air outlet is provided on the right side wall.

[0013] Preferably, the angle adjustment assembly includes a first jack component and an angle measuring instrument arranged below the inclined plate and a second jack component horizontally placed at the bottom of the right side wall;

[0014] The first jack component includes a first electric hydraulic jack and a first bottom plate located in the middle of the inclined plate, the bottom end of the first electric hydraulic jack is fixed to the first bottom plate, and the top end of the first electric hydraulic jack is pressed against the bottom of the inclined plate;

[0015] The angle measuring instrument comprises a first cuboid plate and a second cuboid plate whose ends are hinged to each other, and a spring and an inclinometer connected between the first cuboid plate and the second cuboid plate, wherein the first cuboid plate is connected to the bottom end of the inclined plate, the second cuboid plate is horizontally connected to the bottom plate, and the inclinometer is connected to the bottom of the first cuboid plate away from the end where the first cuboid plate and the second cuboid plate are hinged to each other;

[0016] The second jack component includes a second electric hydraulic jack and a second bottom plate located on the side of the right side wall away from the first jack component, the second electric hydraulic jack is placed horizontally and its bottom end is connected to the second bottom plate, and its top end is connected to the right side wall;

[0017] The first electric hydraulic jack is suitable for pressing the inclined plate to rotate the inclined plate to adjust the inclination angle, thereby driving the right side wall to approach the second jack component under the driving action of the second electric hydraulic jack.

[0018] Preferably, the rainfall assembly includes a bracket connected to the inside of the model cover, an atomizing nozzle fixed on the bracket, a first water pipe, a water pump and a water bucket, one end of the first water pipe is connected to the atomizing nozzle, and the other end is connected to the water pump, the water pump is placed in the water bucket, the water pump is suitable for pressurizing the water in the water bucket to pump it into the atomizing nozzle through the first water pipe, and the atomizing nozzle is suitable for adjusting the sprayed water droplets into a mist state and falling onto the soil surface of the clay slope.

[0019] Preferably, the evaporation component includes a warm lamp placed on the bracket and a floor fan located at the air inlet of the left side wall, the warm lamp is suitable for adjusting its own light intensity to control the evaporation intensity of the clay slope, and the floor fan is suitable for supplying air into the model box through the air inlet to accelerate the air flow in the model box.

[0020] Preferably, the measuring component comprises:

[0021] The temperature and humidity detection recorder includes a first temperature and humidity detection recorder bonded above the air inlet of the left side wall and a second temperature and humidity detection recorder bonded at the air outlet of the right side wall, wherein the first temperature and humidity detection recorder is suitable for measuring the initial absolute temperature and absolute humidity of the air blown into the model box from the air inlet by the floor fan, and the second temperature and humidity detection recorder is suitable for measuring the final absolute temperature and absolute humidity of the air blown out from the air outlet of the right side wall after being irradiated by the warm lamp;

[0022] An anemometer, bonded to the air outlet of the right side wall, the anemometer is suitable for measuring the air velocity blown out from the air outlet of the right side wall;

[0023] A moisture content probe, suitable for being buried at a set position of the clay slope;

[0024] A soil water potential suction sensor, suitable for being buried at a set position of the clay slope;

[0025] The data acquisition instrument is electrically connected to the first temperature and humidity detection recorder, the second temperature and humidity detection recorder, the wind speed measuring instrument, the moisture content probe and the soil water potential suction sensor respectively.

[0026] Preferably, the measurement assembly further includes a seepage flow measurement component, and the seepage flow measurement component includes:

[0027] A collecting trough is placed below the left side wall to receive the seepage generated by the rainfall assembly during rainfall;

[0028] A second water delivery pipe, one end of which is connected to the flow hole of the front wall;

[0029] A container, placed below the front wall and below the collecting tank;

[0030] An electronic scale is supported on the bottom of the container to measure the weight of the container.

[0031] Preferably, it also includes a shooting component, and the shooting component includes:

[0032] A time-lapse photography camera, fixed on the bracket, suitable for regularly photographing images of changes in cracks on the soil surface of the clay slope during the experiment;

[0033] A USB camera is fixed at the upper left corner of the front wall, and the USB camera is suitable for photographing images of changes in seepage and runoff readings when the electronic scale weighs during rainfall.

[0034] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the evaporation of a clay slope based on humidity difference, using the dry-wet cycle device for measuring the evaporation of a clay slope based on humidity difference as described above, the method comprising the steps of:

[0035] Step S1: constructing a clay slope body placed on an inclined plate inside the model box, and building a rainfall component, an evaporation component, a measurement component and an angle adjustment component;

[0036] Step S2: adjusting the inclination angle of the inclined plate through the angle adjustment component so that the clay slope is at a set inclination angle;

[0037] Step S3: starting the rainfall component, evaporation component and measurement component to simulate the actual rainfall-evaporation cycle of the clay slope, and measuring and recording the hydrological change data of the clay slope through the measurement component;

[0038] Step S4: calculating the actual evaporation amount and actual evaporation rate of the clay slope based on the hydrological change data of the clay slope at a set angle;

[0039] Step S5: repeat the above steps S2-S4 to measure the hydrological changes of the clay slope during the rainfall-evaporation cycle at other angles.

[0040] Preferably, in step S4, the actual evaporation rate E of the soil a The calculation expression is:

[0041]

[0042] Where: H a-outlet Represents the absolute humidity of the air at the outlet, H a-intlet represents the absolute humidity of the air at the air inlet, Q represents the air flow rate through the model box, ρω represents the density of water, and A represents the evaporation surface area of ​​the soil.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:

[0044] The dry-wet cycle device for measuring the evaporation and infiltration of a clay slope based on humidity difference in the present application is composed of a model box, a rainfall component, an evaporation component, a measurement component, an angle adjustment component and an inclined plate, wherein the model box is used to set up a relatively closed test box, and an inclined plate with an inclined angle is set in the model box, and the inclined plate is used to support the clay slope body. Considering the convenience of adjusting the angle of the inclined plate, one end of the inclined plate is hinged to the bottom of the model box, and the other end is supported on a side wall of the model box at an angle, so as to adjust the inclination angle of the clay slope body; by changing the evaporation intensity through the setting of the evaporation component, it can be used to study the changes in slope evaporation under different climatic conditions, which can help It helps to understand the potential impact of climate change on slope stability, thus providing a scientific basis for adapting to climate change; the angle adjustment component can help experiments related to angle changes, saving a lot of manpower, material and time costs; the device can also simultaneously meet the needs of studying the impact of slope angle on evaporation, helping to understand the flow and evaporation process of water in soils with different slopes, so as to better evaluate the relationship between slope stability and water management, and further optimize soil and water resource management strategies; the automatic measurement of the measurement component can facilitate and quickly calculate functions such as evaporation amount and evaporation rate, improving the accuracy and efficiency of experimental data collection, while also reducing human errors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the external structure of a dry-wet cycle device for measuring the evaporation and seepage of a clay slope based on humidity difference in one direction according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure in another direction of the dry-wet cycle device for measuring the evaporation and infiltration of clay slopes based on humidity difference in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of a dry-wet cycle device for measuring evaporation of a clay slope based on humidity difference in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a dry-wet cycle device for measuring the evaporation and infiltration of a clay slope based on humidity difference in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 It is a left-side structural schematic diagram of a dry-wet cycle device for measuring evaporation and permeability of a clay slope based on humidity difference in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6It is a right-side structural schematic diagram of a dry-wet cycle device for measuring evaporation and permeability of a clay slope based on humidity difference in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a top view of the structure of a dry-wet cycle device for measuring the evaporation and permeability of a clay slope based on humidity difference in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the angle measuring instrument in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the flow of a method for measuring evaporation of a clay slope based on humidity difference in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Description of reference numerals:

[0055] 1-model box; 11-model box body; 111-front wall; 1111-flow hole; 112-rear wall; 113-left side wall; 1131-air inlet; 1132-first seepage hole; 1133-second seepage hole; 114-right side wall; 1141-air outlet; 1142-hole; 115-bottom plate; 12-model cover; 121-wire hole;

[0056] 2-Rainfall assembly; 21-Bracket; 22-Atomizing nozzle; 23-First water pipe; 24-Water pump; 25-Water bucket;

[0057] 3-evaporation component; 31-heating lamp; 32-floor fan;

[0058] 4- measuring component; 41- first temperature and humidity detection recorder; 42- second temperature and humidity detection recorder; 43- wind speed measuring instrument; 44- moisture content probe; 45- soil water potential suction sensor; 46- seepage flow measurement component; 461- second water pipe; 462- container; 4621- first container; 4622- second container; 463- electronic scale; 4631- first electronic scale; 4632- second electronic scale; 464- collecting tank; 47- data acquisition instrument; 471- USB data cable; 48- computer; 49- table;

[0059] 5- Angle adjustment assembly;

[0060] 51-first jack component; 511-first electric hydraulic jack; 512-first base plate;

[0061] 52-second jack component; 521-second electric hydraulic jack; 522-second base plate;

[0062] 53-angle measuring instrument; 531-first rectangular plate; 532-second rectangular plate; 533-spring; 534-inclinometer;

[0063] 6-shooting component; 61-time-lapse camera; 62-USB camera;

[0064] 7- inclined plate; 71- support column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0066] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "include" and "comprises" used herein should be understood as inclusive and open-ended, rather than exclusive. Specifically, when the terms "include" and "comprises" and their synonyms are used in the specification and claims, they mean including the specified features, steps or components. These terms cannot be understood to exclude the existence of other features, steps or components.

[0067] At present, the method for studying the hydrological characteristics of clay slopes is more based on field experiments. This type of method has a long cycle, complex operation and high operating cost. In extreme weather conditions, there are many influencing factors and it is difficult to maintain the authenticity and effectiveness of the experiment. Indoor experiments can often avoid the interference of these factors.

[0068] At the same time, in order to study the development of shrinkage cracks on the soil surface during the dry-wet cycle, a shooting device is needed, but rainfall conditions will cause damage to the shooting device.

[0069] In addition, measuring the actual evaporation of soil outdoors has always been a difficult problem, and this problem can be well solved by some indoor devices.

[0070] Finally, existing indoor soil evaporation measuring instruments often use weighing instruments to measure soil evaporation. The soil volume that can be measured is limited, and a large number of sensors are required, which are expensive. The installation and use of sensors require professional technicians and are difficult to operate.

[0071] To solve the above technical problems, please refer to Figure 1-8As shown, in one embodiment, the present invention provides a dry-wet cycle device for measuring the evaporation and infiltration of a clay slope based on humidity difference, wherein the model test device includes a model box 1, a rainfall component 2, an evaporation component 3, a measurement component 4, an angle adjustment component 5, and an inclined plate 7 tiltedly arranged in the model box 1; a clay slope body placed on the inclined plate 7 is constructed inside the model box 1; the angle adjustment component is arranged at the foot of the slope below the inclined plate 7, and is used to adjust different inclination angles of the clay slope body; the rainfall component 2 is arranged on the top of the model box 1, and is used to simulate the real rainfall process on the clay slope body; the evaporation component 3 is arranged near the model box 1, and is used to simulate the sunny day evaporation process on the clay slope body; the measurement component 4 includes an internal hydrological monitoring component and an external hydrological monitoring component, which are used to measure the hydrological changes of the clay slope body during the dry-wet cycle of the soil body at the corresponding inclination angle.

[0072] Specifically in this embodiment, the dry-wet cycle device for measuring the evaporation and infiltration of a clay slope based on humidity difference consists of a model box 1, a rainfall component 2, an evaporation component 3, a measurement component 4, an angle adjustment component 5 and an inclined plate 7, wherein the model box 1 is used to set up a relatively closed test box, and an inclined plate 7 with an inclined angle is set in the model box 1, and the inclined plate 7 is used to support the clay slope body. Considering the convenience of adjusting the angle of the inclined plate 7, one end of the inclined plate 7 is hinged to the bottom of the model box 1, and the other end is supported on a side wall of the model box 1 at an angle. By changing the evaporation intensity through the setting of the evaporation component 3, it can be used to study the changes in slope evaporation under different climatic conditions, help understand the potential impact of climate change on slope stability, and thus provide a scientific basis for adapting to climate change; the device of the angle adjustment component 5 can help experiments related to angle changes, saving a lot of manpower, material resources and time costs; the device can also simultaneously meet the needs of studying the impact of slope angle on evaporation, help understand the flow and evaporation process of water in soils with different slopes, so as to better evaluate the relationship between slope stability and water management, and further optimize soil and water resource management strategies; the automatic measurement of the measurement component 4 can facilitate and quickly calculate functions such as evaporation amount and evaporation rate, improve the accuracy and efficiency of experimental data collection, and also reduce human errors.

[0073] Therefore, the model test device in the embodiment of the present invention is particularly suitable for the rainfall-evaporation cycle process of indoor soil, and can truly simulate the hydrological changes of the clay slope (clay landslide) during rainfall-evaporation, and through the measurement component 4, it can simultaneously collect data related to soil evaporation, changes in soil surface cracks, internal hydrological changes and external hydrological conditions during the experiment, and combine with numerical simulation software to realize the analysis of the clay slope.

[0074] It should be noted that the slope angles of clay slopes (clay landslides) in nature are various, and the slope angle is an important factor affecting soil landslides. In previous studies, the displacement of certain positions of the slope was monitored for a long time to determine whether the slope would slide, thereby determining the stability of the clay slope (clay landslide). The model test device in the embodiment of the present invention can conduct indoor tests on slopes of a certain soil property at different angles, and the angle at which a landslide will occur can be determined based on the experimental data, thereby greatly shortening the research time and investment cost.

[0075] It can be understood that the clay slope body is a proportionally reduced on-site test device, which can not only reduce the test period but also avoid interference from complex external factors.

[0076] For further information, see Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6, the model box 1 includes a model box body 11 and a model cover 12, wherein the upper end of the model box body 11 has an opening, and the model cover 12 is covered on the opening. Preferably, the model box body 11 includes a bottom plate 115 and a front wall 111, a rear wall 112, a left side wall 113 and a right side wall 114 which are vertically arranged around the bottom plate 115 respectively, and the front wall 111, the rear wall 112 and the left side wall 113 are all fixedly connected to the bottom plate 115, one end of the inclined plate 7 is hinged on the bottom plate 115, and the other end is obliquely connected to the inner wall of the right side wall 114, and the right side wall 114 is suitable for being movably connected along the front and rear direction of the bottom plate 115 when the inclined plate 7 rotates; an air inlet 1131 is provided on the left side wall 113, and an air outlet 1141 is provided on the right side wall to simulate the formation of an air flow environment.

[0077] Specifically in this embodiment, the model box 11 is composed of a bottom plate 115, a front wall 111, a rear wall 112, a left side wall 113, a right side wall 114, and an inclined plate 7. A runoff hole 1111 is opened at the foot of the slope of the front wall 111 of the model box 11 for the outflow and collection of surface runoff; a certain number of small holes (a first seepage hole 1132 and a second seepage hole 1133) are distributed in the lower half of the left side wall 113 of the model box 11, and the first seepage hole 1132 and the second seepage hole 1133 can be used to study the seepage change; a square hole is opened in the middle position of the left side wall 113 as an air inlet 1131 to allow air to flow into the model box 1; a semicircular hole 1142 is opened at the bottom of the right side wall 114 of the model box 11 for the connection of internal lines; a square hole is opened in the middle position of the right side wall 114 as an air outlet 1141 to facilitate the discharge of gas in the box.

[0078] In addition, the right side wall 114 is a movable plate, which is mainly kept stable by the rightward force generated by the inclined plate 7 and the leftward thrust generated by the external jack.

[0079] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the model box 1 is made of a plexiglass plate of sufficient thickness, which not only has the same strength as an ordinary steel plate, but also has the advantage of being convenient for experimental observation.

[0080] For further information, see Figure 1 , 2 As shown in , 3 and 4 , the angle adjustment assembly 5 includes a first jack component 51 and a second jack component 52 , the first jack component 51 and the angle measuring instrument 53 are arranged below the inclined plate 7 , and the second jack component 52 is horizontally placed at the bottom of the right side wall 114 ;

[0081] The first jack component 51 includes a first electric hydraulic jack 511 and a first base plate 512. The first electric hydraulic jack 511 and the first base plate 512 are both located in the middle of the inclined plate 7. The bottom end of the first electric hydraulic jack 511 is vertically fixed on the first base plate 512, and the top end of the first electric hydraulic jack 511 is pressed against the bottom of the inclined plate 7.

[0082] In addition, as a preferred mode of this embodiment, the angle of the inclined plate 7 can be flexibly adjusted according to the experimental requirements, and a pillar 71 of a certain height is connected to its lower part to lengthen the height of the first electric hydraulic jack 511. It can also prevent the first electric hydraulic jack 511 from directly contacting the inclined plate 7 when applying pressure, thereby avoiding damage to the inclined plate 7.

[0083] The angle measuring instrument 53 includes a first rectangular plate 531, a second rectangular plate 532, a spring 533 and an inclinometer 534, wherein the ends of the first rectangular plate 531 and the second rectangular plate 532 are hinged to each other, the spring 533 and the inclinometer 534 are connected between the first rectangular plate 531 and the second rectangular plate 532, the first rectangular plate 531 is connected to the bottom end of the inclined plate 7, the second rectangular plate 532 is horizontally connected to the bottom plate 115, and the inclinometer 534 is connected to the bottom of the first rectangular plate 531 away from the end where the first rectangular plate 531 and the second rectangular plate 532 are hinged to each other;

[0084] The second jack component 52 includes a second electric hydraulic jack 521 and a second bottom plate 522. The second electric hydraulic jack 521 and the second bottom plate 522 are located on a side of the right side wall 114 away from the first jack component 51. The second electric hydraulic jack 521 is placed horizontally and its bottom end is connected to the second bottom plate 522, and its top end is connected to the right side wall 114.

[0085] The first electric hydraulic jack 511 is suitable for vertically pressing on the inclined plate 7 to rotate the inclined plate 7 to adjust the inclination angle, thereby driving the right side wall 114 to approach the second jack component 52 under the driving action of the second electric hydraulic jack 521 .

[0086] Specifically in the specific embodiment of the present invention, the angle adjustment assembly 5 is composed of a first jack component 51, a second jack component 52 and an angle measuring instrument 53, wherein the first jack component 51 is composed of a first base plate 512 and two first electric hydraulic jacks 511, the two first electric hydraulic jacks 511 are respectively fixed on both sides of the first base plate 512 to prevent left and right movement, and the wires of the two first electric hydraulic jacks 511 are connected to an external power supply through the hole 1142 at the bottom of the right side wall 114, so that the angle of the inclined plate 7 can be automatically adjusted through the first jack component 51.

[0087] When the angle of the inclined plate 7 needs to be adjusted, there will often be a certain gap between the inclined plate 7 and the right side wall 114. For this reason, a second jack component 52 is also provided at the outer position of the right side wall 114. A force is applied to the right side wall 114 through the second electric hydraulic jack 521 to push the right side wall 114 to move until it contacts the inclined plate 7.

[0088] The angle measuring instrument 53 is used to measure the angle of the inclined plate 7 in real time. The angle measuring instrument 53 in this embodiment is composed of two rectangular plates, a spring 533 and a high-precision inclinometer 534. The two rectangular plates are connected at one end by a movable hinge, and the spring 533 is installed in the middle of the two rectangular plates. Then, the high-precision inclinometer 534 is bonded to the bottom surface of the upper end of the rectangle to measure the rotation angle of the inclined plate 7 in real time.

[0089] Therefore, when the angle needs to be increased, the first electric hydraulic jack 511 can be controlled by operating the display screen. Under the action of the first electric hydraulic jack 511, the inclined plate 7 is lifted upward. During the lifting process, the upper plate of the angle measuring instrument 53 changes its angle along with the inclined plate 7. We can observe the changes in the readings of the inclinometer 534 bonded to the upper plate through the glass plate. When the required angle is reached, the first electric hydraulic jack 511 stops working.

[0090] As the angle of the inclined plate 7 increases, there will be a gap between the inclined plate 7 and the right side wall 114. At this time, the second electric hydraulic jack 521 horizontally placed at the bottom of the right side wall 114 is started, and when the right side wall 114 contacts the inclined plate 7, the forward movement stops. At this time, the model box 1 is still a closed box.

[0091] For further information, see Figure 1 , 2As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the rainfall component 2 includes a bracket 21, an atomizing nozzle 22, a first water pipe 23, a water pump 24 and a water bucket 25. The bracket 21 is connected to the inside of the model cover 12, the atomizing nozzle 22 is fixed on the bracket 21, one end of the first water pipe 23 is connected to the atomizing nozzle 22, and the other end is connected to the water pump 24. The water pump 24 is placed in the water bucket 25. The water pump 24 is suitable for pressurizing the water in the water bucket 25 to pump it into the atomizing nozzle 22 through the first water pipe 23. The atomizing nozzle 22 is suitable for adjusting the sprayed water droplets into a mist state and falling on the soil surface of the clay slope.

[0092] Specifically in this embodiment, the rainfall component 2 is composed of a bracket 21, an atomizing nozzle 22, a first water pipe 23, a water pump 24 and a bucket 25. When simulating rainfall, the bucket 25 is used to hold water, and the water pump 24 is placed in the bucket 25. When the switch of the water pump 24 is turned on, the water pump 24 pressurizes the water in the bucket 25 along the first water pipe 23 to the atomizing nozzle 22. When the atomizing nozzle 22 is turned on, rainfall can be achieved.

[0093] The water droplets sprayed by the atomizing nozzle 22 are in a mist state, and will not damage the surface of the clay slope soil when falling on it, avoiding interference with the crack data; and the intensity of rainfall can be achieved by adjusting the water pressure and the valves at the inlet and outlet of the atomizing nozzle 22, which is low-cost and easy to operate.

[0094] For further information, see Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the evaporation component 3 includes a warm lamp 31 placed on the bracket 21 and a floor fan 32 located at the air inlet 1131 of the left side wall 113. The warm lamp 31 is suitable for adjusting its own light intensity to control the evaporation intensity of the clay slope, and the floor fan 32 is suitable for supplying air to the model box 1 through the air inlet 1131 to accelerate the air flow in the model box 1.

[0095] Preferably, the evaporation component 3 consists of two warm lamps 31 with adjustable intensity and a floor fan 32. The two warm lamps 31 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the model box 1. By adjusting the intensity of each warm lamp 31, the evaporation intensity can be controlled to simulate different weather and temperatures. The floor fan 32 is used to ventilate the model box 1 and improve the air flow rate.

[0096] For further information, see Figure 1 , 2 As shown in , 3, and 4, the measuring component 4 includes a temperature and humidity detection recorder, a wind speed measuring instrument 43, a moisture content probe 44, a soil water potential suction sensor 45, a seepage flow measurement component 46, and a data acquisition instrument 47, wherein:

[0097] The temperature and humidity detection recorder includes a first temperature and humidity detection recorder 41 and a second temperature and humidity detection recorder 42. The first temperature and humidity detection recorder 41 is bonded above the air inlet 1131 of the left side wall 113, and the second temperature and humidity detection recorder 42 is bonded at the air outlet 1141 of the right side wall 114. The first temperature and humidity detection recorder 41 is suitable for measuring the initial absolute temperature and absolute humidity of the air blown into the model box 1 from the air inlet 1131 by the floor fan 32, and the second temperature and humidity detection recorder 42 is suitable for measuring the final absolute temperature and absolute humidity of the air blown out from the air outlet 1141 of the right side wall 114 after being irradiated by the warm lamp 31.

[0098] The anemometer 43 is bonded to the air outlet 1141 of the right side wall 114, and is suitable for measuring the air flow rate blown out from the air outlet 1141 of the right side wall 114; the moisture content probe 44 is suitable for being buried in the set position of the clay slope body, and the soil water potential suction sensor 45 is suitable for being buried in the set position of the clay slope body, and the wires of the moisture content probe 44 and the soil water potential suction sensor 45 are pulled out of the box through the wire hole 121 of the model cover 12 to connect with the data acquisition instrument 47, so as to facilitate automatic data collection; the data acquisition instrument 47 is electrically connected to the first temperature and humidity detection recorder 41, the second temperature and humidity detection recorder 42, the anemometer 43, the moisture content probe 44 and the soil water potential suction sensor 45 respectively.

[0099] For further information, see Figure 1 , 2 As shown in , 3 and 4, the measuring assembly 4 further includes a seepage flow measuring component 46, and the seepage flow measuring component 46 includes a second water delivery pipe 461, a container 462, an electronic scale 463 and a collection tank 464, wherein:

[0100] The collecting trough 464 is placed below the left side wall 113 to receive the seepage generated by the rainfall assembly 2 during rainfall; one end of the second water pipe 461 is connected to the runoff hole 1111 of the front wall 111; the container 462 is placed below the front wall 111 and below the collecting trough 464; the electronic scale 463 is supported at the bottom of the container 462 to measure the weight of the container 462.

[0101] Specifically, the measuring component 4 is mainly divided into an internal hydrological monitoring device and an external hydrological monitoring device. Among them, the internal hydrological monitoring device is mainly composed of a moisture probe 44 and a soil water potential suction sensor 45. Preferably, the model of the moisture probe 44 in this embodiment is CS655, and the buried position of the moisture probe 44 can be flexibly punched on the model box 11 as needed; the external hydrological monitoring device includes a data acquisition instrument 47, a computer 48, a first electronic scale 4631, a first container 4621, an anemometer 43 and a temperature and humidity detection recorder. The temperature and humidity detection recorder is composed of a first temperature and humidity detection recorder 41 and a second temperature and humidity detection recorder 42. The first temperature and humidity detection recorder 41 is bonded above the air inlet 1131 of the left side wall 113, and the second temperature and humidity detection recorder 42 is bonded at the air outlet 1141 of the right side wall 114, which are used to measure the absolute humidity of the air entering the model box 1 and the absolute humidity of the air blown out.

[0102] During rainfall, the collecting trough 464 is placed under the left side wall 113. The seepage generated during rainfall flows into the collecting trough 464 along the outer wall through the first seepage holes 1132 distributed on the left side wall 113, and then flows into the first container 4621 placed at the front end from the collecting trough 464. Through the readings of the first electronic scale 4631, the seepage changes in different rainfall periods can be recorded and studied, thereby measuring the seepage changes of the clay slope in different rainfall periods.

[0103] At the same time, the rainwater that does not penetrate into the soil during rainfall will flow out of the box from the runoff hole 1111 in the form of runoff, and flow into the second container 4622 through the second water pipe 461 connected to the runoff hole 1111. According to the data changes of the second electronic scale 4632, the changes in the seepage amount and the seepage rate during rainfall can be analyzed.

[0104] For further information, see Figure 1 , 2 As shown in , 3, and 4, the dry-wet cycle device for measuring the evaporation and seepage of a clay slope based on humidity difference also includes a shooting component 6, which includes a time-lapse photography camera 61 and a USB camera 62, wherein the time-lapse photography camera 61 is fixed on the bracket 21, and the time-lapse photography camera 61 is suitable for regularly shooting images of changes in cracks on the soil surface of the clay slope during the experiment; the USB camera 62 is fixed on the upper left corner of the front wall 111, and the USB camera 62 is suitable for shooting images of changes in seepage and runoff readings when the electronic scale 463 is weighing during rainfall.

[0105] Therefore, the time-lapse camera 61 can take pictures at regular intervals and be set according to the time intervals and experimental cycles of the data required; the USB camera 62 is mainly used to capture the reading changes of the electronic scale 463 and the lateral seepage changes of the clay slope during rainfall.

[0106] In addition, for the convenience of operation, a table 49 and a computer 48 are provided on one side of the model test device in the present embodiment. The data acquisition instrument 47 and the computer 48 are placed on the table 49. The data acquisition instrument 47 is connected to the computer 48 via a USB data cable 471. The measurement data can be imported into the computer 48, and the experimental data can be analyzed through matching software, so as to study the changes in the internal hydrological conditions during the dry-wet cycle of clay soil.

[0107] See also Fig. 9 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for measuring the evaporation of a clay slope based on humidity difference, using the dry-wet cycle device for measuring the evaporation of a clay slope based on humidity difference as described above, the method comprises the steps of:

[0108] Step S1: constructing a clay slope body placed on the inclined plate 7 inside the model box 1, and building a rainfall component 2, an evaporation component 3, a measurement component 4 and an angle adjustment component 5;

[0109] Step S2: adjusting the inclination angle of the inclined plate 7 through the angle adjustment component 5 so that the clay slope is at a set inclination angle;

[0110] Step S3: starting the rainfall component 2, the evaporation component 3 and the measurement component 4 to simulate the actual rainfall-evaporation cycle of the clay slope, and measuring and recording the hydrological change data of the clay slope through the measurement component 4;

[0111] Step S4: calculating the actual evaporation amount and actual evaporation rate of the clay slope based on the hydrological change data of the clay slope at a set angle;

[0112] It should be noted that the calculation of the actual evaporation amount of the soil is related to factors such as the air humidity at the air inlet 1131, the air humidity at the air outlet 1141, the wind speed, and the evaporation area.

[0113] Step S5: Repeat the above steps S2-S4 to measure the hydrological changes in the rainfall-evaporation cycle of the clay slope at other angles.

[0114] Therefore, this test method provides a good solution for realizing indoor dry-wet cycle of clay soil, studying internal hydrological changes, and studying runoff and seepage separately. It is simple to operate, does not require too much manpower and material resources, and has broad application prospects.

[0115] Furthermore, in step S4, the calculation expression of the actual evaporation amount M of the soil is:

[0116] M=Q(G a-iutlet -g a-intlet )

[0117] Where: G a-outlet Represents the absolute humidity of the air at the air outlet, in mm / day; H a-intlet Represents the absolute humidity of the air at the air inlet, in Mg / m 3 ; Q represents the air flow rate through the model box, the unit is 1 / s;

[0118] The actual evaporation rate of the soil is E a The calculation expression is:

[0119]

[0120] Where: ω Represents the density of water in Mg / m 3 ; A represents the evaporation surface area of ​​the soil, in m 2 .

[0121] The absolute humidity of the air at the outlet is H a-outlet The calculation expression is:

[0122]

[0123] Where: e a Represents vapor pressure, in Pa; T a represents the air temperature in K; R represents the gas constant (287.04 J·kg-1K-1).

[0124] The vapor pressure e a The calculation expression is:

[0125]

[0126] In the formula, e sat Represents saturated vapor pressure, in Pa; H r Represents the relative humidity of air in %.

[0127] The saturated vapor pressure e sat The calculation expression is:

[0128]

[0129] In the formula, represents a dimensionless constant and t represents time.

[0130] The constant The calculation expression is:

[0131]

[0132] In the above calculation process, substituting equation (5) into equation (4) can obtain the saturated vapor pressure e sat Then, substituting equation (4) into equation (3), we can obtain the vapor pressure e a , then substitute equation (3) into equation (2) to obtain the absolute humidity H at the air outlet: a-outlet Finally, substitute equation (2) into equation (1) to obtain the actual evaporation rate E of the soil: a .

[0133] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dry-wet cycle device for measuring evaporation of clay slopes based on humidity difference, characterized in that: It includes a model box, a rainfall component, an evaporation component, a measurement component and an angle adjustment component; The interior of the model box is constructed with a clay slope body placed on an inclined plate; The angle adjustment component is arranged at the slope foot position below the inclined plate, and is used to adjust different inclination angles of the clay slope body; The rainfall component is arranged on the top of the model box and is used to simulate the real rainfall process on the clay slope; The evaporation component is arranged near the model box and is used to simulate the sunny day evaporation process of the clay slope body; The measuring assembly comprises an internal hydrological monitoring component and an external hydrological monitoring component, which are used to measure the changes in the internal hydrological strips of the clay slope during the soil drying and wetting cycle at a corresponding inclination angle.

2. The dry-wet cycle device for measuring evaporation of clay slope based on humidity difference according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model box includes a model box body with an opening at the upper end and a model cover arranged on the opening, the model box body includes a bottom plate and a front wall, a rear wall, a left side wall and a right side wall vertically arranged around the bottom plate respectively, and the front wall, the rear wall and the left side wall are all fixedly connected to the bottom plate, one end of the inclined plate is hinged on the bottom plate, and the other end is obliquely connected to the inner wall of the right side wall, and the right side wall is suitable for being movably connected along the front and rear direction of the bottom plate when the inclined plate rotates; an air inlet is provided on the left side wall, and an air outlet is provided on the right side wall.

3. The dry-wet cycle device for measuring evaporation of clay slope based on humidity difference according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle adjustment assembly includes a first jack component and an angle measuring instrument disposed below the inclined plate and a second jack component horizontally placed at the bottom of the right side wall; The first jack component includes a first electric hydraulic jack and a first bottom plate located in the middle of the inclined plate, the bottom end of the first electric hydraulic jack is fixed to the first bottom plate, and the top end of the first electric hydraulic jack is pressed against the bottom of the inclined plate; The angle measuring instrument comprises a first cuboid plate and a second cuboid plate whose ends are hinged to each other, and a spring and an inclinometer connected between the first cuboid plate and the second cuboid plate, wherein the first cuboid plate is connected to the bottom end of the inclined plate, the second cuboid plate is horizontally connected to the bottom plate, and the inclinometer is connected to the bottom of the first cuboid plate away from the end where the first cuboid plate and the second cuboid plate are hinged to each other; The second jack component includes a second electric hydraulic jack and a second bottom plate located on the side of the right side wall away from the first jack component, the second electric hydraulic jack is placed horizontally and its bottom end is connected to the second bottom plate, and its top end is connected to the right side wall; The first electric hydraulic jack is suitable for pressing the inclined plate to rotate the inclined plate to adjust the inclination angle, thereby driving the right side wall to approach the second jack component under the driving action of the second electric hydraulic jack.

4. The dry-wet cycle device for measuring evaporation of clay slope based on humidity difference according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rainfall assembly includes a bracket connected to the inside of the model cover, an atomizing nozzle fixed on the bracket, a first water pipe, a water pump and a water bucket. One end of the first water pipe is connected to the atomizing nozzle, and the other end is connected to the water pump. The water pump is placed in the water bucket. The water pump is suitable for pressurizing the water in the water bucket to pump it into the atomizing nozzle through the first water pipe. The atomizing nozzle is suitable for adjusting the sprayed water droplets into a mist state and falling on the soil surface of the clay slope.

5. The dry-wet cycle device for measuring evaporation of clay slope based on humidity difference according to claim 4, characterized in that: The evaporation component includes a warm lamp placed on the bracket and a floor fan located at the air inlet of the left side wall. The warm lamp is suitable for adjusting its own light intensity to control the evaporation intensity of the clay slope, and the floor fan is suitable for supplying air into the model box through the air inlet to accelerate the air flow in the model box.

6. The dry-wet cycle device for measuring evaporation of clay slope based on humidity difference according to claim 5, characterized in that: The measuring assembly comprises: The temperature and humidity detection recorder includes a first temperature and humidity detection recorder bonded above the air inlet of the left side wall and a second temperature and humidity detection recorder bonded at the air outlet of the right side wall, wherein the first temperature and humidity detection recorder is suitable for measuring the initial absolute temperature and absolute humidity of the air blown into the model box from the air inlet by the floor fan, and the second temperature and humidity detection recorder is suitable for measuring the final absolute temperature and absolute humidity of the air blown out from the air outlet of the right side wall after being irradiated by the warm lamp; An anemometer, bonded to the air outlet of the right side wall, the anemometer is suitable for measuring the air velocity blown out from the air outlet of the right side wall; A moisture content probe, suitable for being buried at a set position of the clay slope; A soil water potential suction sensor, suitable for being buried at a set position of the clay slope; The data acquisition instrument is electrically connected to the first temperature and humidity detection recorder, the second temperature and humidity detection recorder, the wind speed measuring instrument, the moisture content probe and the soil water potential suction sensor respectively.

7. The dry-wet cycle device for measuring evaporation of clay slope based on humidity difference according to claim 6, characterized in that: The measurement assembly further includes a seepage flow measurement component, and the seepage flow measurement component includes: A collecting trough is placed below the left side wall to receive the seepage generated by the rainfall assembly during rainfall; A second water delivery pipe, one end of which is connected to the flow hole of the front wall; A container, placed below the front wall and below the collecting tank; An electronic scale is supported on the bottom of the container to measure the weight of the container.

8. The dry-wet cycle device for measuring evaporation of clay slope based on humidity difference according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a shooting component, which includes: A time-lapse photography camera, fixed on the bracket, suitable for regularly photographing images of changes in cracks on the soil surface of the clay slope during the experiment; A USB camera is fixed at the upper left corner of the front wall, and the USB camera is suitable for photographing images of changes in seepage and runoff readings when the electronic scale weighs during rainfall.

9. A method for measuring the evaporation of a clay slope based on humidity difference, using the dry-wet cycle device for measuring the evaporation of a clay slope based on humidity difference as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method comprises the steps of: Step S1: constructing a clay slope body placed on an inclined plate inside the model box, and building a rainfall component, an evaporation component, a measurement component and an angle adjustment component; Step S2: adjusting the inclination angle of the inclined plate through the angle adjustment component so that the clay slope is at a set inclination angle; Step S3: starting the rainfall component, evaporation component and measurement component to simulate the actual rainfall-evaporation cycle of the clay slope, and measuring and recording the hydrological change data of the clay slope through the measurement component; Step S4: calculating the actual evaporation amount and actual evaporation rate of the clay slope based on the hydrological change data of the clay slope at a set angle; Step S5: Repeat the above steps S2-S4 to measure the hydrological changes in the rainfall-evaporation cycle of the clay slope at other angles.

10. The method for measuring evapotranspiration of clay slope based on humidity difference according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S4, the actual evaporation rate E of the soil a The calculation expression is: Where: H a-outlet Represents the absolute humidity of the air at the outlet, H a-intlet represents the absolute humidity of the air at the air inlet, Q represents the air flow rate through the model box, ρ ω represents the density of water, and A represents the evaporation surface area of ​​the soil.

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