A combined active and passive source geological exploration method and system for shield tunnels

Abstract

The present invention discloses a combined active and passive source geological detection method and system for shield tunnels, comprising: acquiring active source seismic wave reflection signals and passive source acoustic wave reflection signals; according to the active source seismic wave reflection signals, adopting the combined P-wave and S-wave imaging principle to obtain the active source geological detection imaging result; according to the passive source acoustic wave reflection signals, adopting the dispersion extraction - S-wave velocity inversion method that combines spatial autocorrelation and semi-wavelength model to obtain the passive source geological detection imaging result; taking the active source geological detection imaging result as the main and the passive source geological detection imaging result as the auxiliary, and combining the adaptive adjustment coefficient between the two to obtain the bad geological risk level of the area to be measured. Introducing the strong energy and wide frequency band shield tunneling vibration noise as the passive detection source to improve the detection depth and resolution and provide support for accurate geological imaging.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration, and particularly to a combined active and passive source geological exploration method and system for shield tunnels. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this part merely provide background technical information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] A large number of tunnel construction projects use shield tunneling machines for construction. The problem of disaster prevention and control in shield tunnel construction has attracted more and more attention. Especially in the construction of rail transit represented by urban subways, facing adverse geological conditions such as undulating bedrock surfaces, karsts, boulders, and uneven hardness, it will bring disaster risks such as sudden water inrush, ground instability, machine damage, and surface collapse during shield tunneling. It will affect the construction progress at least, cause major engineering accidents at worst, and sometimes even cause huge economic losses and casualties. Therefore, finding out the adverse geological conditions in front of the shield construction tunnel can effectively avoid geological disasters and ensure the safe construction of shield tunnels, which is of great significance.

[0004] With the increase of tunnel burial depth, the complexity of terrain, and the limitation of surface exploration technology, the geological problems encountered in tunnel construction are becoming more and more complex, and the potential safety hazards are also more diverse. The traditional exploration methods that solely use artificial instantaneous seismic sources or ambient noise sources as exploration sources are difficult to balance the exploration depth and resolution, thus affecting the accuracy of geological exploration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a combined active and passive source geological exploration method and system for shield tunnels, introducing the shield tunneling vibration noise with strong energy and wide frequency band as the passive exploration source, mainly based on the imaging results of active source geological exploration and supplemented by the imaging results of passive source geological exploration, to improve the exploration depth and resolution and provide support for accurate geological imaging.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a combined active and passive source geological exploration method for shield tunnels, including:

[0008] Obtaining active source seismic wave reflection signals and passive source acoustic wave reflection signals; wherein, the active source seismic wave reflection signals are seismic wave signals excited after the excitation device carried on the shield machine hammers the shield body to contact the surrounding rock; the passive source acoustic wave reflection signals are acoustic wave signals generated during the tunneling process of the shield cutter head;

[0009] According to the active source seismic wave reflection signals, using the combined P-wave and S-wave imaging principle, obtaining the active source geological exploration imaging results;

[0010] Based on the passive-source acoustic wave reflection signal, a dispersion extraction and shear-wave velocity inversion method that combines spatial autocorrelation and the half-wavelength model is used to obtain the passive-source geological detection imaging result;

[0011] Taking the active-source geological detection imaging result as the main, and the passive-source geological detection imaging result as the supplement, and combining the adaptive adjustment coefficient between the two, the bad geological risk level of the area to be measured is obtained.

[0012] As an alternative implementation method, the process of obtaining the active-source geological detection imaging result includes:

[0013] After performing wide-band and wide apparent velocity filtering through F-K transform, refined parameter re-filtering is carried out through the linear Radon transform method to extract the reflected waves of the complex wave field;

[0014] After giving the true stacking velocity, the average amplitude energy and the average amplitude take the maximum value, and the three-dimensional space wave velocity is analyzed through the average amplitude energy and the average amplitude;

[0015] The Kirchhoff depth migration method is used for detection imaging processing, that is, for fixed seismic source excitation points and signal receiving points, the seismic wave propagation distance is obtained according to the wave velocity of the surrounding rock and the seismic wave propagation time.

[0016] As an alternative implementation method, the process of obtaining the passive-source geological detection imaging result includes:

[0017] Perform time-sharing Fourier transform on the passive-source acoustic wave reflection signal, construct a spatial autocorrelation equation, and thus construct a dispersion curve model;

[0018] Obtain the half-wavelength model from the half-wave field theory and solve for the shear-wave velocity;

[0019] The detection space range and grid meshing method are adopted, and it is assumed that each grid node is a reflection point. Based on the position relationship among the seismic source point, the receiving point, and the emitting point and the given wave velocity of the surrounding rock, the travel time under the propagation path is obtained. According to the travel time between the seismic source point and the receiving point, the corresponding instantaneous amplitude value is obtained, and the instantaneous amplitudes at the same grid node are superimposed. If the reflection point is the position of the real interface, the amplitude will appear at the maximum value.

[0020] As an alternative implementation method, three-component geophones are arranged on the shield body of the shield machine to collect the active-source seismic wave reflection signal. The three-component geophones are connected to the active-source demodulator through a wired connection method, used to send the active-source seismic wave reflection signal to the demodulator, and upload the relevant results to the cloud through a data network connection for joint calculation.

[0021] As an alternative embodiment, passive source sensors are linearly arranged along the shield tunneling direction for collecting passive source acoustic wave reflection signals. The passive source sensors are connected to a passive source demodulator through a wired connection, for sending the passive source acoustic wave reflection signals to the demodulator, and uploading relevant results to the cloud through a data network connection for joint calculation.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a combined active and passive source geological exploration system for shield tunnels, including:

[0023] An acquisition module configured to acquire active source seismic wave reflection signals and passive source acoustic wave reflection signals; wherein, the active source seismic wave reflection signals are seismic wave signals excited after a hammering device mounted on the shield machine hammers the shield body to contact the surrounding rock; the passive source acoustic wave reflection signals are acoustic wave signals generated during the tunneling process of the shield cutterhead.

[0024] An active source exploration module configured to obtain an active source geological exploration imaging result according to the active source seismic wave reflection signals by using the combined longitudinal and transverse wave imaging principle.

[0025] A passive source exploration module configured to obtain a passive source geological exploration imaging result according to the passive source acoustic wave reflection signals by using a frequency dispersion extraction - shear wave velocity inversion method that combines spatial autocorrelation and semi - wavelength model.

[0026] A joint exploration module configured to take the active source geological exploration imaging result as the main and the passive source geological exploration imaging result as the auxiliary, and combine the adaptive adjustment coefficient between the two to obtain the bad geological risk level of the area to be measured.

[0027] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a combined active and passive source geological exploration system for shield tunnels, including: a hammering device and three - component geophones mounted on the shield machine, passive source sensors arranged along the shield tunneling direction, an active source demodulator connected to the three - component geophones through a wired connection, a passive source demodulator connected to the passive source sensors through a wired connection, and a combined active and passive source joint operation cloud connected to the active source demodulator and the passive source demodulator through a data network.

[0028] The three - component geophones are used for collecting seismic wave signals excited after the hammering device hammers the shield body to contact the surrounding rock and sending them to the active source demodulator.

[0029] The passive source sensors are used for collecting acoustic wave signals generated during the tunneling process of the shield cutterhead and sending them to the passive source demodulator.

[0030] The active source demodulator is used for obtaining an active source exploration result according to the seismic wave signals by using the method described in the first aspect.

[0031] The passive source described above is used to obtain the passive source detection result according to the acoustic wave signal by using the method described in the first aspect;

[0032] The combined operation cloud of the main and passive sources described above obtains the bad geological risk level of the area to be measured according to the main and passive source detection results by using the method described in the first aspect.

[0033] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and computer instructions stored on the memory and running on the processor. When the computer instructions are run by the processor, the method described in the first aspect is completed.

[0034] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer instructions. When the computer instructions are executed by the processor, the method described in the first aspect is completed.

[0035] In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a computer program product, including a computer program. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the method described in the first aspect is implemented.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0037] The present invention proposes a combined main and passive source geological detection method and system for shield tunnels, introducing the shield tunneling vibration noise with strong energy and wide frequency band as the passive detection source, obtaining the active source geological detection imaging result according to the active source seismic wave reflection signal, and obtaining the passive source geological detection imaging result according to the passive source acoustic wave reflection signal. Taking the active source geological detection imaging result as the main and the passive source geological detection imaging result as the auxiliary, it improves the detection depth and resolution of geological prediction and quickly and accurately obtains the bad geological information in front of the shield construction.

[0038] The present invention proposes a combined main and passive source geological detection method and system for shield tunnels. Geological prediction is carried out synchronously with the construction of the shield tunneling machine, without the need for the shield tunneling machine to stop for cooperation and without specifically occupying the working time of the shield tunneling. It is beneficial to give full play to the working efficiency of the shield tunneling machine, has good adaptability to shield tunnel construction, and reduces the influence of factors such as metal in the tunnel on data collection.

[0039] The advantages of the additional aspects of the present invention will be partially given in the following description, partially will become obvious from the following description, or will be understood through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] The specification drawings forming a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 1Flow chart of the combined active and passive source geological detection method for shield tunnels provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 Structural diagram of the combined active and passive source geological detection method for shield tunnels provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0043] Wherein: 1. Shield body; 2. Three-component geophone; 3. Wired connection; 4. Active source demodulator; 5. Excitation hammering equipment; 6. Shield cutter head; 7. Ground; 8. Passive source sensor; 9. Passive source demodulator; 10. Data network connection; 11. Combined active and passive source operation cloud. Detailed implementation manners

[0044] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0045] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are all exemplary and are intended to provide further descriptions of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs.

[0046] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific implementation manners and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless otherwise clearly specified in the context, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those clearly listed steps or units, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or are inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0047] In the case of no conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0048] Embodiment 1

[0049] As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment provides a combined active and passive source geological detection method for shield tunnels, including:

[0050] Obtain the active source seismic wave reflection signal and the passive source acoustic wave reflection signal; wherein, the active source seismic wave reflection signal is the seismic wave signal excited after the hammering of the shield body contacting the surrounding rock by the excitation device carried on the shield machine; the passive source acoustic wave reflection signal is the acoustic wave signal generated during the tunneling process of the shield cutter head;

[0051] According to the active source seismic wave reflection signal, adopt the combined P-wave and S-wave imaging principle to obtain the active source geological detection imaging result;

[0052] According to the passive-source acoustic wave reflection signal, a dispersion extraction and shear wave velocity inversion method that combines spatial autocorrelation and the half-wavelength model is used to obtain the passive-source geological exploration imaging result;

[0053] Taking the active-source geological exploration imaging result as the main, and the passive-source geological exploration imaging result as the supplement, and combining the adaptive adjustment coefficient between the two, the bad geological risk level of the area to be measured is obtained.

[0054] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 shown, an active-source shield cutterhead 6 is carried on the shield body 1 of the shield machine, and the excitation hammering equipment 5 hammers the shield body 1 in contact with the surrounding rock to efficiently excite seismic wave signals; three-component geophones 2 are arranged behind the excitation hammering equipment 5 on the shield body 1 to collect the seismic wave signals reflected by the front reflecting surface, and the three-component geophones 2 are connected to the active-source demodulator 4 by a wired connection 3 to send the active-source seismic wave reflection signal to the active-source demodulator 4. According to the elastic wave reflection method, adverse geological conditions such as faults and karst caves are inversely predicted, and the processing results are transmitted to the main and passive-source joint operation cloud 11 through the data network connection 10 for subsequent main and passive-source joint prediction.

[0055] The specific process of active-source geological exploration imaging is as follows: When the segments of the shield machine are assembled, the on-board excitation hammering device hammers the segments to efficiently excite seismic wave signals and propagate in all directions in the form of spherical waves. According to the Huygens-Fresnel principle and Fermat's principle, when there is an interface between two different solid media in the acoustic wave propagation path, the wave propagation will undergo refraction, reflection, and wave mode conversion. The three-component geophones behind receive the elastic waves reflected by the geological surface. After data preprocessing and waveform processing, according to the combined imaging principle of longitudinal and transverse waves, complex wavefield reflection wave extraction and three-dimensional space wave velocity analysis are carried out, and finally the active-source geological exploration imaging result is obtained by using the Kirchhoff integral method for migration imaging.

[0056] The specific inversion process is as follows:

[0057] (1-1) Data preprocessing: Realize the quality evaluation, bad trace excision, editing correction, and effective data interception (determined according to the detection distance) of the data, so that the subsequent signal processing is focused and efficient, and parameterize the layout of the observation system.

[0058] (1-2) Seismic data waveform processing: Use an improved Butterworth band-pass filtering method to process the seismic wave reflection signal, and its transfer function expression is shown in Equation (1);

[0059] (1)

[0060] Among them, H1P ( u , v) refers to the D -th order improved Butterworth low-pass filter with a cut-off frequency of n ; D ( u , v) is the distance from the point ( u , v) to the center of the frequency rectangle (M / 2, N / 2); D is the cut-off frequency; n is the improved order

[0061] (1 - 3) Extraction of reflected waves in complex wave fields: A complex wave field refers to a situation in practical applications where the effective signal in the collected signal is masked by various useless signals due to various on-site interferences. The single filtering methods of F-K filtering and 𝜏-p filtering have certain limitations. Wave field separation and noise reduction are key steps in signal processing. Therefore, the present invention proposes a combined F-K and 𝜏-p filtering method. 1) First, wide-band and wide apparent velocity filtering are achieved through F-K transformation to eliminate part of the downward waves with strong energy and filter out high- and low-frequency noise signals at the same time; 2) Secondly, refined parameter re-filtering is performed through linear Radon transform to truly achieve the extraction and denoising of the effective wave field.

[0062] (1 - 4) Three-dimensional wave velocity analysis: The diffraction scanning stacking velocity analysis method is used to analyze the wave number, mainly through the joint determination of two parameters, the average amplitude energy and the average amplitude, that is, given the true stacking velocity, the average amplitude energy or the amplitude will reach a maximum value;

[0063] The specific process of the diffraction scanning stacking velocity analysis method is as follows:

[0064] The first step: Determine the velocity scanning range. Based on the seismic data after first arrival picking and earthquake time base correction, obtain the direct wave velocity, use it as a reference for the wave velocity scanning range, and combine engineering geological data and actual geological conditions.

[0065] The second step: Define the detection space range in front of the shield tunnel excavation face. Generally speaking, the advanced detection range is about 30 - 50 m in depth, and it should also include the space where the observation system is located behind the excavation face (about 20 m). Refine the grid profile of this space range. It is found in practice that the grid size is generally defined as about 0.5 - 2 m to meet the accuracy requirements.

[0066] The third step: Calculate the seismic-detection travel time parameter table. Based on the given wave velocity range and step size, calculate the seismic-detection travel time corresponding to each time node, that is, the travel time corresponding to the scanning velocity can be obtained for each node:

[0067] (2)

[0068] In the formula:S 1. S 2 are the distances between the node, the seismic source, and the sensor respectively; v 0 is the initial velocity; ∆ v is the velocity step; t ( i ) is the travel time corresponding to the current scanning velocity.

[0069] Step 4: Generate the seismic records corresponding to each time node. Assign amplitudes to each grid node. However, considering the discreteness of the seismic trace records in actual detection, not every travel time has a corresponding amplitude value. The Lagrange interpolation method is used to obtain the amplitude value at this node.

[0070] Step 5: Superimpose the amplitude values corresponding to each diffraction section. If the scanning velocity is equal to the stacking velocity, record points with similar waveforms can be found on different seismic records. After coherent superposition processing, an amplitude extreme value can be obtained. Calculate the amplitude extreme value corresponding to each node according to the process to determine the stacking velocity parameter.

[0071] (1 - 5) Detection imaging: For a certain reflection point, it and the two foci of the seismic source point and the receiving point jointly form an ellipse with a fixed length of r. If the pre-given wave velocity is the true surrounding rock wave velocity, then distribute the amplitude values corresponding to the travel time to the elliptical trajectory. Then, comprehensively consider factors such as propagation distance, reflection angle, and phase transformation, and correct the amplitude for tilt, length, and phase. Finally, redistribute the amplitude to the ellipse again. This is the whole process of Kirchhoff integral method migration imaging, and the specific implementation path is as follows:

[0072] Step 1: Use the same detection space range and grid meshing method as velocity analysis, and assume that each grid node is a reflection point;

[0073] Step 2: Based on the positional relationship among the seismic source point, the receiving point, and the emitting point and the given surrounding rock wave velocity, the travel time of this propagation path can be obtained;

[0074] Step 3: Find the corresponding instantaneous amplitude value according to the travel time between the seismic source point and the receiving point, and superimpose the instantaneous amplitudes at the same grid node. If this reflection point is the position of the true interface, the amplitude will show a maximum value. Conversely, the superimposed amplitudes will approach zero.

[0075] Step 4: Connect the amplitude extreme values of each point, interpolate and fit to draw the amplitude profile. Based on the geology of the excitation point, the geological change of the front reflection point relative to the excitation point can be known. When it is a positive number, it is the same geology, and when it is a negative number, it is relatively loose geology.

[0076] In this embodiment, as Figure 2As shown in the figure, passive source sensors 8 are linearly arranged on the ground 7 along the shield tunneling direction. During the tunneling process of the shield machine, the shield cutterhead 7 generates a large amount of broadband acoustic wave signals that propagate in all directions. The passive source sensors 8 arranged on the ground along the shield tunneling direction receive the broadband signals reflected by the shield tunneling noise as the passive source. There is a wired connection 3 between the passive source sensors 8 and the passive source demodulator 9, which is used to send the passive source acoustic wave reflection signals to the passive source demodulator 9 to invert and predict adverse geological conditions such as boulders and hard-soft interfaces, and transmit the processing results to the main and passive source joint operation cloud 11 through the data network connection 10 for subsequent main and passive source joint prediction.

[0077] The specific process of passive source geological exploration imaging is as follows: When the shield is tunneling, the cutterhead tools work to generate powerful acoustic wave signals that propagate in the form of spherical waves in all directions. Based on the seismic wave data received by the passive source sensors, an adverse geological inversion method that combines spatial autocorrelation and half-wavelength model is used to realize passive source geological prediction imaging of the shield tunnel.

[0078] The specific process is as follows:

[0079] (2-1) The implementation methods of processes such as data preprocessing and waveform processing are the same as those of the aforementioned active source, and will not be repeated here.

[0080] (2-2) Dispersion curve extraction: Perform time-frequency Fourier transform on the processed random noise signal, extract data of each frequency, and calculate the spatial autocorrelation coefficient between sensors based on this. After azimuth averaging, the spatial autocorrelation coefficient under this layout form is obtained. The obtained spatial autocorrelation coefficient is fitted with the first-kind first-order Bessel function of the first kind to obtain the phase velocity at each frequency, and the resulting curve is the dispersion curve;

[0081] (2-3) Shear wave velocity inversion: Perform multi-modal surface wave joint inversion based on mode identification on the extracted dispersion curve to obtain the one-dimensional velocity curve of the measuring point. This part mainly includes two stages: The first stage is to establish an initial model and perform inversion calculation using the extracted fundamental mode dispersion curve; The second stage uses the inversion result of the fundamental mode as the updated initial model, and adds the dispersion curves of each mode to the inversion process for optimization fitting.

[0082] (2-4) Inversion imaging: Repeat steps (2) and (3) for each measuring point to obtain the inversion results of all measuring points, and interpolate and fit to draw the shear wave velocity profile, so as to obtain the geological body information within the scope of engineering investigation and realize fine exploration of the urban complex environment.

[0083] Qualitative interpretation of geological conditions can be carried out according to the changes in the dispersion curve; at a certain point, the part with a lower phase velocity indicates that the geology is more fractured and the rock mass is softer, while the part with a higher phase velocity indicates that the geology is more intact and the rock mass has a higher strength. A larger change in the phase velocity indicates that there may be a soft interlayer or boulder body at that location.

[0084] In this embodiment, the process of combined active and passive source geological exploration includes: taking the imaging result of active source geological exploration as the main, and the imaging result of passive source geological exploration as the supplement, combining geological exploration data, comprehensively considering the results of active and passive source geological exploration, and finally determining the risk level of adverse geology in the area to be measured, improving the detection depth and resolution, and providing support for accurate geological imaging.

[0085] Embodiment 2

[0086] This embodiment provides a combined active and passive source geological exploration system for shield tunnels, including:

[0087] An acquisition module, configured to acquire active source seismic wave reflection signals and passive source acoustic wave reflection signals; wherein, the active source seismic wave reflection signals are seismic wave signals excited after the excitation device mounted on the shield machine hammers the shield body to contact the surrounding rock; the passive source acoustic wave reflection signals are acoustic wave signals generated during the tunneling process of the shield cutter head;

[0088] An active source detection module, configured to obtain an active source geological exploration imaging result according to the active source seismic wave reflection signals by using the combined P-wave and S-wave imaging principle;

[0089] A passive source detection module, configured to obtain a passive source geological exploration imaging result according to the passive source acoustic wave reflection signals by using a dispersion extraction - S-wave velocity inversion method that combines spatial autocorrelation and semi-wavelength model;

[0090] A combined detection module, configured to take the active source geological exploration imaging result as the main, and the passive source geological exploration imaging result as the supplement, and combine the adaptive adjustment coefficient between the two to obtain the risk level of adverse geology in the area to be measured.

[0091] It should be noted here that the above modules correspond to the steps described in Embodiment 1, and the examples and application scenarios implemented by the above modules and the corresponding steps are the same, but are not limited to the content disclosed in the above Embodiment 1. It should be noted that the above modules, as part of the system, can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions.

[0092] In more embodiments, there is also provided:

[0093] A combined active and passive source geological detection system for shield tunnels, comprising: an excitation device and a three-component geophone mounted on a shield machine, passive source sensors arranged along the shield tunneling direction, an active source demodulator connected to the three-component geophone by wire, a passive source demodulator connected to the passive source sensors by wire, and a combined active and passive source operation cloud connected to the active source demodulator and the passive source demodulator through a data network;

[0094] The three-component geophone is used to collect seismic wave signals excited after the excitation device hammers the shield body to contact the surrounding rock, and send them to the active source demodulator;

[0095] The passive source sensors are used to collect acoustic wave signals generated during the tunneling process of the shield cutterhead, and send them to the passive source demodulator;

[0096] The active source demodulator is used to obtain the active source detection result according to the seismic wave signals by using the method described in Embodiment 1. Specifically, the active source demodulator is used to preliminarily process the seismic wave signals collected by the three-component geophone, and upload the processing results to the cloud through the data network connection for joint calculation;

[0097] The passive source is used to obtain the passive source detection result according to the acoustic wave signals by using the method described in Embodiment 1. Specifically, the passive source demodulator is used to preliminarily process the passive source acoustic wave signals collected by the passive source sensors, and upload the processing results to the cloud through the data network connection for joint calculation;

[0098] The combined active and passive source operation cloud obtains the bad geological risk level of the area to be measured according to the active and passive source detection results by using the method described in Embodiment 1. Specifically, the combined active and passive source operation cloud receives the processing results from the active source demodulator and the passive source demodulator, and combines the adaptive adjustment coefficients of the two to obtain the bad geological risk level of the area to be measured.

[0099] In more embodiments, there is also provided:

[0100] An electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and computer instructions stored on the memory and running on the processor. When the computer instructions are run by the processor, the method described in Embodiment 1 is completed. For the sake of brevity, it will not be elaborated here.

[0101] It should be understood that in this embodiment, the processor may be a central processing unit CPU, and the processor may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors DSP, application-specific integrated circuits ASIC, off-the-shelf programmable gate arrays FPGA, or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc.

[0102] The memory may include a read-only memory and a random access memory, and provide instructions and data to the processor. A part of the memory may also include a non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory may also store information about the device type.

[0103] A computer-readable storage medium for storing computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the method described in Embodiment 1.

[0104] The method in Embodiment 1 can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor. The software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the art, such as a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, etc. This storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and combines its hardware to complete the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.

[0105] A computer program product, including a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in Embodiment 1.

[0106] The present invention also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as instructions included in program modules, which are executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor to perform the process / method as described above. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, etc. that perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. In various embodiments, the functions of program modules can be combined or divided as needed. The machine-executable instructions for program modules can be executed locally or within a distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules can be located in local and remote storage media.

[0107] The computer program code for implementing the method of the present invention can be written in one or more programming languages. These computer program codes can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing devices, such that when the program codes are executed by the computer or other programmable data processing devices, the functions / operations specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram are implemented. The program codes can be executed entirely on the computer, partially on the computer, as an independent software package, partially on the computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server.

[0108] In the context of the present invention, the computer program code or related data can be carried by any suitable carrier so that the device, apparatus or processor can perform the various processes and operations described above. Examples of carriers include signals, computer-readable media, and the like. Examples of signals can include electrical, optical, radio, acoustic or other forms of propagated signals, such as carrier waves, infrared signals, etc.

[0109] Those of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with this embodiment can be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed in a hardware or software manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of this application.

[0110] Although the specific implementation manners of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not a limitation to the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that, based on the technical solution of the present invention, various modifications or deformations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative efforts are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined active and passive source geological exploration method for shield tunnels, characterized in that, Including: Obtaining an active-source seismic wave reflection signal and a passive-source acoustic wave reflection signal; wherein, the active-source seismic wave reflection signal is a seismic wave signal excited after a hammering device mounted on a shield machine hammers the shield body to contact the surrounding rock, and the passive-source acoustic wave reflection signal is an acoustic wave signal generated by a shield cutterhead during tunneling; According to the active-source seismic wave reflection signal, using the combined P-wave and S-wave imaging principle to obtain an active-source geological exploration imaging result; According to the passive-source acoustic wave reflection signal, using a dispersion extraction-S-wave velocity inversion method that combines spatial autocorrelation and the half-wavelength model to obtain a passive-source geological exploration imaging result. The process includes: Performing time-sharing Fourier transform on the passive-source acoustic wave reflection signal, constructing a spatial autocorrelation equation, and thus constructing a dispersion curve model; Obtaining a half-wavelength model from the half-wave field theory and solving for the S-wave velocity; Adopting a detection spatial range and grid meshing method, assuming that each grid node is a reflection point, based on the positional relationship among the source point, the receiving point, and the emitting point and the given wave velocity of the surrounding rock, obtaining the travel time along the propagation path, obtaining the corresponding instantaneous amplitude value according to the travel time between the source point and the receiving point, and performing superposition processing on the instantaneous amplitudes at the same grid node. If the reflection point is the real interface position, the amplitude will show a maximum value; Taking the active-source geological exploration imaging result as the main and the passive-source geological exploration imaging result as the supplement, and combining the adaptive adjustment coefficient between the two to obtain the bad geological risk level of the area to be measured.

2. The combined active and passive source geological detection method for shield tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that The process of obtaining the active-source geological exploration imaging result includes: After performing wide-band and wide apparent velocity filtering through F-K transform, performing re-filtering of refined parameters through the linear Radon transform method to extract the reflected wave of the complex wave field; After giving the true stacking velocity, the average amplitude energy and the average amplitude take the maximum value, and the three-dimensional space wave velocity is analyzed through the average amplitude energy and the average amplitude; Adopting the Kirchhoff depth migration method for detection imaging processing, that is, for a fixed source excitation point and signal receiving point, obtaining the seismic wave propagation distance according to the wave velocity of the surrounding rock and the seismic wave propagation time.

3. The combined active and passive source geological exploration method for shield tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that Arranging three-component geophones on the shield body of the shield machine for collecting active-source seismic wave reflection signals. The three-component geophones are connected to an active-source demodulator through a wired connection method, used to send the active-source seismic wave reflection signals to the demodulator, and uploading the relevant results to the cloud through a data network connection for joint calculation.

4. The combined active and passive source geological exploration method for shield tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that Linearly arranging passive-source sensors along the shield tunneling direction for collecting passive-source acoustic wave reflection signals. The passive-source sensors are connected to a passive-source demodulator through a wired connection method, used to send the passive-source acoustic wave reflection signals to the demodulator, and uploading the relevant results to the cloud through a data network connection for joint calculation.

5. A combined active and passive source geological exploration system for shield tunnels, characterized in that, Including: An acquisition module configured to acquire an active-source seismic wave reflection signal and a passive-source acoustic wave reflection signal; wherein, the active-source seismic wave reflection signal is a seismic wave signal excited after a hammering device mounted on a shield machine hammers the shield body to contact the surrounding rock; the passive-source acoustic wave reflection signal is an acoustic wave signal generated by a shield cutterhead during tunneling; The active source detection module is configured to obtain the active source geological detection imaging result according to the active source seismic wave reflection signal by using the combined P-wave and S-wave imaging principle; The passive source detection module is configured to obtain the passive source geological detection imaging result according to the passive source acoustic wave reflection signal by using the dispersion extraction-S-wave velocity inversion method that combines spatial autocorrelation and semi-wavelength model. The process includes: Performing time-sharing Fourier transform on the passive source acoustic wave reflection signal, constructing a spatial autocorrelation equation, and thus constructing a dispersion curve model; Obtaining the semi-wavelength model from the semi-wave field theory and solving for the S-wave velocity; Adopting a detection space range and grid meshing method, assuming that each grid node is a reflection point, based on the positional relationship among the source point, receiving point, and emitting point and the given surrounding rock wave velocity, obtaining the travel time along the propagation path, obtaining the corresponding instantaneous amplitude value according to the travel time between the source point and the receiving point, and performing superposition processing on the instantaneous amplitudes at the same grid node. If the reflection point is the real interface position, the amplitude will show a maximum value; The joint detection module is configured to take the active source geological detection imaging result as the main and the passive source geological detection imaging result as the auxiliary, and combine the adaptive adjustment coefficient between the two to obtain the bad geological risk level of the area to be measured.

6. A combined active and passive source geological detection system for shield tunnels, characterized in that, Including: An excitation device and a three-component geophone mounted on the shield machine, passive source sensors arranged along the shield tunneling direction, an active source demodulator connected to the three-component geophone by wire, a passive source demodulator connected to the passive source sensors by wire, and a main and passive source joint operation cloud connected to the active source demodulator and the passive source demodulator through a data network; The three-component geophone is used to collect the seismic wave signal excited after the excitation device hammers the shield body in contact with the surrounding rock and send it to the active source demodulator; The passive source sensors are used to collect the acoustic wave signals generated during the tunneling process of the shield cutter head and send them to the passive source demodulator; The active source demodulator is used to obtain the active source detection result according to the seismic wave signal by using the method described in any one of claims 1-4; The passive source is used to obtain the passive source detection result according to the acoustic wave signal by using the method described in any one of claims 1-4; The main and passive source joint operation cloud obtains the bad geological risk level of the area to be measured according to the main and passive source detection results by using the method described in claims 1-4.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, Including a memory, a processor, and computer instructions stored on the memory and running on the processor. When the computer instructions are run by the processor, the method described in any one of claims 1-4 is completed.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, For storing computer instructions, when the computer instructions are executed by the processor, the method described in any one of claims 1-4 is completed.

9. A computer program product, characterized in that, Including a computer program, when the computer program is executed by the processor, the method described in any one of claims 1-4 is implemented.

Images