Ship hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell thermal management system using seawater cooling and operation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a ship hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell thermal management system using seawater cooling and an operation method, and relates to the field of ship energy and power devices. The device mainly comprises a pipeline, a valve, a filtering device, a heat exchanger, a cooling water tank, an electric heater, a water pump, a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen storage device and the like, and is composed of a hydrogen fuel cell stack cooling unit, a cooling water circulating unit and a seawater cooling unit. The cooling water circulation unit couples the hydrogen fuel cell stack cooling unit with the seawater cooling unit, the seawater cooling unit cools cooling water to generate low-temperature cooling water, and the low-temperature cooling water flows into the hydrogen fuel cell stack cooling unit to cool the hydrogen fuel cell; the discharged high-temperature cooling water preheats cathode reaction gas through an air heat exchanger, exchanges heat with low-temperature cooling water flowing into a hydrogen fuel cell stack cooling unit, and finally exchanges heat with cooling seawater, so that gradient utilization of waste heat in reaction products and cyclic regeneration utilization of the cooling water are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a thermal management system for a marine hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell using seawater cooling and an operating method thereof, and relates to the field of marine energy and power devices. Background Art

[0002] The thermal management system of hydrogen fueled proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) ships is one of the key technologies to ensure the efficient and stable operation of fuel cell systems. As a clean and efficient energy conversion technology, the application of PEMFC in the field of ships has attracted widespread attention, especially in the context of pursuing zero emissions and sustainable development. However, the thermal management of PEMFC systems faces multiple challenges, including how to effectively control the operating temperature, how to deal with the generated heat, and how to ensure the cold start performance of the system. At present, the thermal management technology of PEMFC mainly includes air cooling, liquid cooling and phase change cooling. Among them, liquid cooling is widely used in systems with higher power due to its high cooling efficiency. However, the traditional water-cooled PEMFC thermal management system has problems such as large temperature fluctuations, long adjustment time and slow response speed. Therefore, designing an efficient thermal management system that can adapt to the unique operating environment of ships is of great significance to ensure the safe and efficient operation of hydrogen fuel cells on ships.

[0003] At present, the thermal management system in this field cannot solve the above problems well. Patent CN 117360752A relates to a thermal management system and control method of a ship composite energy power system. The system realizes precise thermal management of the ship power system by integrating seawater heat exchange circuit, internal combustion engine thermal management circuit, hydrogen fuel cell thermal management circuit and power battery and accessories thermal management circuit. The invention optimizes the heat dissipation effect by independently adjusting the flow of coolant in each circuit, and effectively utilizes the waste heat of the internal combustion engine to improve the energy utilization rate of the system. Although the system has significant advantages in heat dissipation efficiency and energy utilization, and a low-temperature cold start mode is designed, it may still be difficult for the system to quickly reach a suitable operating temperature under extreme low temperature conditions. For example, patent CN 115832523 A discloses an electric ship power battery energy thermal management system, which utilizes external environmental water resources, and realizes precise control of the power battery temperature through efficient water-cooled heat exchangers and intelligent flow regulation. The system is particularly suitable for working conditions in different seasons, including summer cooling, spring and autumn transition, and winter heating, showing excellent environmental adaptability and energy efficiency. However, the performance of the system may be affected by the temperature of the external water source, and low temperature environments may require the use of special antifreeze fluids and measures to enhance system reliability.

[0004] Taking into account the characteristics of energy saving economy and seasonal changeability, the present invention designs a thermal management system and operation method of a marine hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell using seawater cooling, which relates to the field of marine energy and power devices. The present invention mainly includes pipelines, valves, filtering devices, heat exchangers, cooling water tanks, electric heaters, water pumps, fuel cell stacks, hydrogen storage devices and other devices, and consists of three parts: a hydrogen fuel cell stack cooling unit, a cooling water circulation unit, and a seawater cooling unit. The cooling water circulation unit couples the hydrogen fuel cell stack cooling unit with the seawater cooling unit. The seawater cooling unit generates low-temperature cooling water after cooling the cooling water. The low-temperature cooling water flows into the hydrogen fuel cell stack cooling unit to cool the hydrogen fuel cell. The discharged high-temperature cooling water preheats the cathode reaction gas through an air heat exchanger, and then exchanges heat with the low-temperature cooling water flowing into the hydrogen fuel cell stack cooling unit, and finally exchanges heat with the cooling seawater to achieve the gradient utilization of waste heat in the reaction product and the recycling and regeneration of cooling water. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the defects in the background technology and provide a thermal management system and operation method of a marine hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell using seawater cooling.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] It consists of three parts: hydrogen fuel cell stack cooling unit, cooling water circulation unit and seawater cooling unit;

[0008] The hydrogen fuel cell stack cooling unit is composed of an air heat exchange device 13, a hydrogen fuel cell stack 14, a first hydrogen storage device 16, a second hydrogen storage device 17, a sixth valve 1806, and a seventh valve 1807; the air heat exchange device 13 is composed of an air heat exchanger 1301, an air filter 1302, an air inlet 1303, and an air outlet 1304; wherein the air inlet 1303 is connected to the air filter 1302, the air filter 1302 is connected to the air heat exchanger 1301, the air heat exchanger 1301 is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell stack 14, the hydrogen fuel cell stack 14 is respectively connected to the sixth valve 1806 and the seventh valve 1807, the sixth valve 1806 is connected to the air outlet 1304, the seventh valve 1807 is connected to the first hydrogen storage device 16 and the second hydrogen storage device 17, and the first hydrogen storage device 16 and the second hydrogen storage device 17 have the same structure and function;

[0009] The cooling water circulation unit is composed of a first seawater heat exchanger 702, a second seawater heat exchanger 802, a cooling water tank 9, a water pump 10, an air heat exchanger 1301, a hydrogen fuel cell stack 14, a cooling water heat exchanger 15, and a fifth valve 1805; the cooling water tank 9 is composed of a cooling water tank body 901 and a heater 902; the first seawater heat exchanger 702 is connected to the second seawater heat exchanger 802, the second seawater heat exchanger 802 is connected to the cooling water tank body 901, the cooling water tank body 901 is connected to the heater 902, the heater 902 is connected to the water pump 10, the water pump 10 is connected to the cooling water heat exchanger 15, the cooling water heat exchanger 15 is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell stack 14, the hydrogen fuel cell stack 14 is connected to the air heat exchanger 1301, and the air heat exchanger 1301 is connected to the fifth valve 1805;

[0010] The seawater cooling unit is composed of a first seawater inlet 1, a second seawater inlet 2, a first valve 1801, a second valve 1802, a first primary filter 3, a second primary filter 4, a first high-efficiency filter 5, a second high-efficiency filter 6, a first seawater heat exchange device 7, a second seawater heat exchange device 8, a third valve 1803, a fourth valve 1804, a first seawater outlet 11, and a second seawater outlet 12; the first seawater heat exchange device 7 is composed of a first seawater tank 701 and a first seawater heat exchanger 702, and the second seawater heat exchange device 8 is composed of a second seawater tank 801 and a second seawater heat exchanger 802; the first seawater inlet 1 is connected to the first valve 1801, the first valve 1801 is connected to the first primary filter 3, the second seawater inlet 2 is connected to the second valve 1802, the second valve 1802 is connected to the second primary filter 4, the first primary filter 3 is connected to the first high-efficiency filter 5, the second primary filter 4 is connected to the third valve 1803, the fourth valve 1804, the first seawater outlet 11, and the second seawater outlet 12; The first high-efficiency filter 5 is connected to the first seawater heat exchange device 7, the second high-efficiency filter 6 is connected to the second seawater heat exchange device 8, the first seawater tank 701 is connected to the third valve 1803, the third valve 1803 is connected to the first seawater heat exchanger 702, the second seawater tank 801 is connected to the fourth valve 1804, the fourth valve 1804 is connected to the second seawater heat exchanger 802 and the second seawater heat exchange device 8, the first seawater tank 701 is connected to the first seawater outlet 11, the second seawater tank 801 is connected to the second seawater outlet 12, the first seawater inlet 1 and the second seawater inlet 2 have the same structure and function, the first primary filter 3 and the second primary filter 4 have the same structure and function, the first high-efficiency filter 5 and the second high-efficiency filter 6 have the same structure and function, the first seawater heat exchange device 7 and the second seawater heat exchange device 8 have the same structure and function, the first seawater outlet 11 and the second seawater outlet 12 have the same structure and function.

[0011] Furthermore, the air heat exchanger 1301 in the air heat exchange device 13 uses a plate heat exchanger, the air filter 1302 uses a multi-stage filter, the first-stage gas-liquid separator is used to separate water, the second-stage hydrophobic filter further separates small droplets containing salt, and the third stage is used for salt mist filtration, and the air inlet 1303 and the air outlet 1304 use titanium alloy pipes;

[0012] Furthermore, the hydrogen fuel cell stack 14 uses a PEMFC proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the internal cooling flow channel adopts a bionic spider web flow channel, and the entire battery stack is wrapped with a phase change material to ensure the battery temperature uniformity and cooling effect;

[0013] Furthermore, the first hydrogen storage device 16 and the second hydrogen storage device 17 use compressed hydrogen storage tanks to compress the hydrogen under high pressure and store it in steel cylinders;

[0014] Furthermore, the sixth valve 1806 uses a pressure reducing valve, and the seventh valve 1807 uses a buffer valve;

[0015] Furthermore, the first seawater inlet 1, the second seawater inlet, the first seawater outlet 11, and the second seawater outlet 12 are titanium alloy pipes;

[0016] Furthermore, the first primary filter 3 and the second primary filter 4 use ceramic filter membranes, the body material is SUS16 / CS material, and the epoxy anti-corrosion coating is applied externally, and the inner lining is NYLON / PTFE anti-corrosion material;

[0017] Furthermore, the first high-efficiency filter 5 and the second high-efficiency filter 6 adopt a multi-layer mesh filter element structure, and the interior is a single-chamber structure without a partition;

[0018] Furthermore, the first seawater tank 701 in the first seawater heat exchange device 7 is made of titanium alloy, the first seawater heat exchanger 702 uses a plate heat exchanger, and the second seawater heat exchange device 8 has the same material and structure as the first seawater heat exchange device 7;

[0019] Further, the first valve 1801, the second valve 1802, the third valve 1803, and the fourth valve 1804 use butterfly valves;

[0020] Furthermore, the cooling water tank body 901 in the cooling water tank 9 is made of titanium alloy, and the heater 902 is heated by a resistance wire;

[0021] Furthermore, the water pump 10 uses an electric water pump;

[0022] Furthermore, the cooling water heat exchanger 15 uses a plate heat exchanger;

[0023] Furthermore, the fifth valve 1805 uses a liquid level regulating valve.

[0024] Furthermore, a marine hydrogen fuel PEMFC thermal management system and operation method using seawater cooling includes the following process:

[0025] It includes gas reaction process, seawater cooling process and cooling water circulation process;

[0026] Gas reaction process: In the air heat exchange device 13, sea air passes through the air inlet 1303 and enters the air heat exchanger 1301 for preheating. At the same time, after cooling the high-temperature cooling water, it passes through the air filter 1302 for multi-stage filtration to become cathode gas that can undergo electrochemical reaction, and enters the hydrogen fuel cell stack 14. At the same time, the hydrogen in the first hydrogen storage device 16 and the second hydrogen storage device 17 is used as anode gas and then depressurized by the seventh valve 1807 to enter the hydrogen fuel cell stack 14, where it undergoes electrochemical reaction with the air. The reaction tail gas is discharged from the air outlet 1304 through the sixth valve 1806.

[0027] Seawater cooling process: seawater enters the pipeline from the first seawater inlet 1 and the second seawater inlet 2, passes through the first primary filter 3 and the second primary filter 4 to filter out coarse impurities, and then passes through the first high-efficiency filter 5 and the second high-efficiency filter 6 to filter into pure seawater that can be used for refrigeration. After the high-temperature cooling water flowing out of the cooling water heat exchanger 15 is cooled by the first seawater heat exchange device 7 and the second seawater heat exchange device 8, it is discharged from the first seawater outlet 11 and the second seawater outlet 12; wherein the seawater passes through the first valve 1801 and is filtered from the first seawater inlet 1, and the seawater inside is stored in the first seawater tank 701, and is fully heat-exchanged with the cooling water through the first seawater heat exchanger 702, and is discharged from the first seawater outlet 11 through the third valve 1803; the seawater passes through the second valve 1802 and is filtered from the second seawater inlet 2, and the seawater inside is stored in the second seawater tank 801, and is fully heat-exchanged with the cooling water through the second seawater heat exchanger 802, and is discharged from the second seawater outlet 12 through the fourth valve 1804;

[0028] Cooling water circulation process: In spring and summer, the low-temperature cooling water in the cooling water tank 9 is stored in the cooling water tank body 901. The low-temperature cooling water enters the cooling water heat exchanger 15 under the action of the water pump 10 to exchange heat with the high-temperature cooling water discharged from the air heat exchanger 1301 to make the temperature more uniform. Then it flows into the hydrogen fuel cell stack 14 to dissipate heat for the battery. In this process, the temperature of the low-temperature cooling water rises to become high-temperature cooling water and is discharged from the hydrogen fuel cell stack 14. The air is preheated through the air heat exchanger 1301, and the heat dissipation of the high-temperature cooling water is realized at the same time. Then, it passes through the fifth valve 1805 to exchange heat with the low-temperature cooling water in the cooling water heat exchanger 15 for further cooling. Finally, it exchanges heat with seawater in the first seawater heat exchanger 702 to form low-temperature cooling water again, and enters the cooling water tank body 901, and the cycle repeats; in autumn and winter Before the electrochemical reaction starts, the low-temperature cooling water in the cooling water tank 9 is stored in the cooling water tank body 901. The low-temperature cooling water starts to circulate in the cooling water circulation unit under the action of the water pump 10, and is preheated through the first seawater heat exchanger 702 and the second seawater heat exchanger 802. The preheated cooling water enters the cooling water tank 9. After the electrochemical reaction starts, the seawater cooling unit is closed, and the low-temperature cooling water enters the hydrogen fuel cell stack 14 after passing through the heater 902. In this process, the temperature of the low-temperature cooling water increases and becomes high-temperature cooling water to be discharged from the hydrogen fuel cell stack 14. The air is preheated through the air heat exchanger 1301, and then the air is further heated by exchanging heat with the low-temperature cooling water in the cooling water heat exchanger 15 through the fifth valve 1805, and finally enters the cooling water tank body 901, and the cycle repeats.

[0029] Furthermore, during the seawater cooling process, pure seawater is extracted from the first seawater tank 701 and the second seawater tank 801 for humidifying the proton exchange membrane in the hydrogen fuel cell stack 14 to improve the power generation efficiency;

[0030] Furthermore, during the cooling water circulation process, the cooling water flow rate is changed by adjusting the fifth valve 1805 to maintain the temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell within the optimal operating range of 60-80°C.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] The cooling water circulation unit used in the present invention recovers the high-temperature cooling water produced by the hydrogen fuel cell stack by dissipating heat, heats the cathode reaction gas, and fully utilizes the heat exchange between the high-temperature cooling water and the low-temperature cooling water to ensure the uniformity of the water temperature and the battery insulation requirements in winter, thereby realizing the cascade recovery and utilization of waste heat;

[0033] The cooling water circulation unit used in the present invention adopts a closed flow channel to achieve the recycling of cooling water;

[0034] The seawater cooling unit adopted in the present invention utilizes seawater for efficient heat exchange, reduces the system's dependence on external cooling resources, and improves energy utilization efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 1 The reference numerals in the figure are as follows: 1. first seawater inlet, 2. second seawater inlet, 3. first primary filter, 4. second primary filter, 5. first high-efficiency filter, 6. second high-efficiency filter, 7. first seawater heat exchange device, 8. second seawater heat exchange device, 9. cooling water tank, 10. water pump, 11. first seawater outlet, 12. second seawater outlet, 13. air heat exchange device, 14. hydrogen fuel cell stack, 15. cooling water heat exchanger, 16. first hydrogen storage device, 17. second hydrogen storage device.

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the application of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 The label names in are: 1. first seawater inlet, 2. second seawater inlet, 3. first primary filter, 4. second primary filter, 5. first high-efficiency filter, 6. second high-efficiency filter, 701. first seawater tank, 702. first seawater heat exchanger, 801. second seawater tank, 802. second seawater heat exchanger, 901. cooling water tank, 902. heater, 10. water pump, 11. first seawater outlet, 12. second seawater outlet, 1301. air heat exchanger, 1302. air filter, 1303. air inlet, 1304. air outlet, 14. hydrogen fuel cell stack, 15. cooling water heat exchanger, 16. first hydrogen storage device, 17. second hydrogen storage device, 1801. first valve, 1802. second valve, 1803. third valve, 1804. fourth valve, 1805. fifth valve, 1806. sixth valve, 1807. seventh valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a thermal management system and operation method of a marine hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell using seawater cooling is mainly composed of three parts: a hydrogen fuel cell stack cooling unit, a cooling water circulation unit, and a seawater cooling unit. The main components include a first seawater inlet 1, a second seawater inlet 2, a first primary filter 3, a second primary filter 4, a first high-efficiency filter 5, a second high-efficiency filter 6, a first seawater heat exchange device 7, a seawater tank 701, a seawater heat exchanger 702, a second seawater heat exchange device 8, a second seawater tank 801, a second seawater heat exchanger 802, a cooling water tank 9, a cooling water tank body 901, a heater 902, a water pump 10, a first seawater outlet 11, a second seawater outlet 12, an air heat exchange device 13, an air heat exchanger 1301, an air filter 1302, an air inlet 1303, an air outlet 1304, a hydrogen fuel cell stack 14, a cooling water heat exchanger 15, a first hydrogen storage device 1 6. The second hydrogen storage device 17, the first valve 1801, the second valve 1802, the third valve 1803, the fourth valve 1804, the fifth valve 1805, the sixth valve 1806, and the seventh valve 1807, wherein the first seawater inlet 1 and the second seawater inlet 2 have the same structure and function, the first primary filter 3 and the second primary filter 4 have the same structure and function, the first high-efficiency filter 5 and the second high-efficiency filter 6 have the same structure and function, the first seawater heat exchange device 7 and the second seawater heat exchange device 8 have the same structure and function, the first seawater outlet 11 and the second seawater outlet 12 have the same structure and function, and the first hydrogen storage device 16 and the second hydrogen storage device 17 have the same structure and function;

[0041] The system couples the hydrogen fuel cell stack cooling unit with the seawater cooling unit by using a cooling water circulation unit. The seawater cooling unit generates low-temperature cooling water after cooling the cooling water. The low-temperature cooling water flows into the hydrogen fuel cell stack cooling unit under the action of a water pump 10 to cool the hydrogen fuel cell and generate high-temperature cooling water. The discharged high-temperature cooling water preheats the cathode reaction gas through an air heat exchanger 1301, and then exchanges heat with the low-temperature cooling water flowing into the hydrogen fuel cell stack cooling unit through a cooling water heat exchanger 15. Finally, it exchanges heat with the cooling seawater through a first seawater heat exchanger 702 and a second seawater heat exchanger 802, thereby realizing the gradient utilization of waste heat in the reaction products and the recycling and regeneration of cooling water.

[0042] In summer, the temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 14 is relatively high during operation, and the heat generated by the electrochemical reaction needs to be discharged in time. The system is mainly based on cooling water circulation. After the electrochemical reaction starts, the water pump 10 starts working, and the low-temperature cooling water enters the cooling channel to cool the fuel cell stack 10 and then flows through the air heat exchanger 1301. After being cooled by the cold air, it enters the water outlet pipe. The high-temperature cooling water in the water outlet pipe flows through the cooling water heat exchanger 15 to exchange heat with the low-temperature cooling water, further cooling the high-temperature cooling water. Seawater passes through the primary filter 3-4 and the high-efficiency filter 5-6 and enters the seawater tank 701-801. The cooled seawater passes through the seawater heat exchanger 702-802 to cool the high-temperature cooling water. The cooled cooling water enters the cooling water tank 9 and continues to circulate.

[0043] In winter, the temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is low before operation, and the temperature is even lower during operation. The temperature of the cathode reaction gas is low, so it needs to be preheated in time for heating. The system mainly circulates hot water. Before the electrochemical reaction starts, the water pump 10 starts to run, and the seawater passes through the primary filter 3-4 and the high-efficiency filter 5-6 and enters the seawater tank 701-801. The cooling seawater passes through the seawater heat exchanger 702-802 to preheat the cooling water, and the preheated cooling water enters the cooling water tank 9. After the electrochemical reaction starts, the seawater cooling unit is turned off, and the low-temperature cooling water enters the cooling channel after passing through the heater 902. After being heated by the hydrogen fuel cell stack 14, it flows through the air heat exchanger 1301, and enters the water outlet pipe after being preheated by the cold air. The high-temperature cooling water in the water outlet pipe flows through the cooling water heat exchanger 15 to exchange heat with the low-temperature cooling water. After the cooling water inlet temperature is maintained at a higher temperature, the high-temperature cooling water enters the cooling water tank 9 and continues to circulate.

Claims

1. A marine hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell thermal management system using seawater cooling, characterized in that: The system consists of three parts: hydrogen fuel cell stack cooling unit, cooling water circulation unit, and seawater cooling unit; The hydrogen fuel cell stack cooling unit is composed of an air heat exchange device (13), a hydrogen fuel cell stack (14), a first hydrogen storage device (16), a second hydrogen storage device (17), a sixth valve (1806), and a seventh valve (1807); the air heat exchange device (13) is composed of an air heat exchanger (1301), an air filter (1302), an air inlet (1303), and an air outlet (1304); The air inlet (1303) is connected to the air filter (1302), the air filter (1302) is connected to the air heat exchanger (1301), the air heat exchanger (1301) is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell stack (14), the hydrogen fuel cell stack (14) is respectively connected to the sixth valve (1806) and the seventh valve (1807), the sixth valve (1806) is connected to the air outlet (1304), the seventh valve (1807) is connected to the first hydrogen storage device (16) and the second hydrogen storage device (17), and the first hydrogen storage device (16) and the second hydrogen storage device (17) have the same structure and function; The cooling water circulation unit is composed of a first seawater heat exchanger (702), a second seawater heat exchanger (802), a cooling water tank (9), a water pump (10), an air heat exchanger (1301), a hydrogen fuel cell stack (14), a cooling water heat exchanger (15), and a fifth valve (1805); the cooling water tank (9) is composed of a cooling water tank body (901) and a heater (902); The first seawater heat exchanger (702) is connected to the second seawater heat exchanger (802), the second seawater heat exchanger (802) is connected to the cooling water tank (901), the cooling water tank (901) is connected to the heater (902), the heater (902) is connected to the water pump (10), the water pump (10) is connected to the cooling water heat exchanger (15), the cooling water heat exchanger (15) is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell stack (14), the hydrogen fuel cell stack (14) is connected to the air heat exchanger (1301), and the air heat exchanger (1301) is connected to the fifth valve (1805); The seawater cooling unit is composed of a first seawater inlet (1), a second seawater inlet (2), a first valve (1801), a second valve (1802), a first primary filter (3), a second primary filter (4), a first high-efficiency filter (5), a second high-efficiency filter (6), a first seawater heat exchange device (7), a second seawater heat exchange device (8), a third valve (1803), a fourth valve (1804), a first seawater outlet (11), and a second seawater outlet (12); the first seawater heat exchange device (7) is composed of a first seawater tank (701) and a first seawater heat exchanger (702), and the second seawater heat exchange device (8) is composed of a second seawater tank (801) and a second seawater heat exchanger (802); The first seawater inlet (1) is connected to the first valve (1801), the first valve (1801) is connected to the first primary filter (3), the second seawater inlet (2) is connected to the second valve (1802), the second valve (1802) is connected to the second primary filter (4), the first primary filter (3) is connected to the first high-efficiency filter (5), the second primary filter (4) is connected to the second high-efficiency filter (6), the first high-efficiency filter (5) is connected to the first seawater heat exchange device (7), the second high-efficiency filter (6) is connected to the second seawater heat exchange device (8), the first seawater tank (701) is connected to the third valve (1803), the third valve (1803) is connected to the first seawater heat exchanger (702), the second seawater tank (801) is connected to the third valve (1803), and the third valve (1803) is connected to the first seawater heat exchanger (702), the second seawater tank (801) is connected to the third valve (1803). The fourth valve (1804) is connected to the second seawater heat exchanger (802) and the second seawater heat exchange device (8); the first seawater tank (701) is connected to the first seawater outlet (11); the second seawater tank (801) is connected to the second seawater outlet (12); the first seawater inlet (1) and the second seawater inlet (2) have the same structure and function; the first primary filter (3) and the second primary filter (4) have the same structure and function; the first high-efficiency filter (5) and the second high-efficiency filter (6) have the same structure and function; the first seawater heat exchange device (7) and the second seawater heat exchange device (8) have the same structure and function; the first seawater outlet (11) and the second seawater outlet (12) have the same structure and function.

2. A marine hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell thermal management system using seawater cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air heat exchanger (1301) in the air heat exchange device (13) uses a plate heat exchanger, the air filter (1302) uses a multi-stage filter, the first-stage gas-liquid separator is used to separate water, the second-stage hydrophobic filter further separates small droplets containing salt, and the third stage is used for salt mist filtration, and the air inlet (1303) and the air outlet (1304) use titanium alloy pipes; The hydrogen fuel cell stack (14) uses PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) and the internal cooling flow channel adopts a bionic spider web flow channel. The entire battery stack is wrapped with phase change material to ensure battery temperature uniformity and cooling effect; The first hydrogen storage device (16) and the second hydrogen storage device (17) use compressed hydrogen storage tanks to compress hydrogen under high pressure and store it in steel cylinders; The sixth valve (1806) uses a pressure reducing valve, and the seventh valve (1807) uses a buffer valve.

3. A marine hydrogen fuel PEMFC thermal management system using seawater cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first seawater inlet (1), the second seawater inlet, the first seawater outlet (11), and the second seawater outlet (12) are titanium alloy pipes; The first primary filter (3) and the second primary filter (4) use ceramic filter membranes, the body material is SUS16 / CS material, and the outer surface is coated with epoxy anti-corrosion coating, and the inner lining is NYLON / PTFE anti-corrosion material; The first high-efficiency filter (5) and the second high-efficiency filter (6) adopt a multi-layer mesh filter element structure, and the interior is a single-chamber structure without a partition; The first seawater tank (701) in the first seawater heat exchange device (7) is made of titanium alloy, the first seawater heat exchanger (702) uses a plate heat exchanger, and the second seawater heat exchange device (8) is made of the same material and structure as the first seawater heat exchange device (7); The first valve (1801), the second valve (1802), the third valve (1803) and the fourth valve (1804) are butterfly valves.

4. A marine hydrogen fuel PEMFC thermal management system using seawater cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling water tank body (901) in the cooling water tank (9) is made of titanium alloy, and the heater (902) is heated by a resistance wire; The water pump (10) uses an electric water pump; The cooling water heat exchanger (15) uses a plate heat exchanger; The fifth valve (1805) uses a liquid level regulating valve.

5. The method for operating a thermal management system for a marine hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell using seawater cooling according to claim 1 is characterized in that The process includes the following: It includes gas reaction process, seawater cooling process and cooling water circulation process; Gas reaction process: In the air heat exchange device (13), sea air passes through the air inlet (1303) and enters the air heat exchanger (1301) for preheating. At the same time, after cooling the high-temperature cooling water, it passes through the air filter (1302) for multi-stage filtration to become cathode gas that can produce electrochemical reactions, and then enters the hydrogen fuel cell stack (14). At the same time, the hydrogen in the first hydrogen storage device (16) and the second hydrogen storage device (17) is used as anode gas and then reduced in pressure through the seventh valve (1807) to enter the hydrogen fuel cell stack (14), where it undergoes an electrochemical reaction with the air. The reaction tail gas passes through the sixth valve (1806) and is discharged from the air outlet (1304); Seawater cooling process: seawater enters the pipeline from the first seawater inlet (1) and the second seawater inlet (2), passes through the first primary filter (3) and the second primary filter (4) to filter out coarse impurities, then passes through the first high-efficiency filter (5) and the second high-efficiency filter (6) to filter into pure seawater that can be used for refrigeration, passes through the first seawater heat exchange device (7) and the second seawater heat exchange device (8) to refrigerate the high-temperature cooling water flowing out of the cooling water heat exchanger (15), and then is discharged from the first seawater outlet (11) and the second seawater outlet (12); wherein the seawater from the first seawater inlet After the seawater passes through the first valve (1801) and is filtered, the seawater inside is stored in the first seawater tank (701), fully exchanges heat with cooling water through the first seawater heat exchanger (702), and is discharged from the first seawater outlet (11) through the third valve (1803); after the seawater passes through the second valve (1802) and is filtered from the second seawater inlet (2), the seawater inside is stored in the second seawater tank (801), fully exchanges heat with cooling water through the second seawater heat exchanger (802), and is discharged from the second seawater outlet (12) through the fourth valve (1804); Cooling water circulation process: in spring and summer, low-temperature cooling water in the cooling water tank (9) is stored in the cooling water tank body (901). The low-temperature cooling water enters the cooling water heat exchanger (15) under the action of the water pump (10) to exchange heat with the high-temperature cooling water discharged from the air heat exchanger (1301) to make the temperature more uniform. The low-temperature cooling water then flows into the hydrogen fuel cell stack (14) to dissipate heat from the battery. During this process, the temperature of the low-temperature cooling water increases to become high-temperature cooling water and is discharged from the hydrogen fuel cell stack (14). The air is preheated through the air heat exchanger (1301) and the heat dissipation of the high-temperature cooling water is achieved at the same time. The low-temperature cooling water then passes through the fifth valve (1805) to exchange heat with the low-temperature cooling water in the cooling water heat exchanger (15) for further cooling. Finally, the low-temperature cooling water is exchanged with seawater in the first seawater heat exchanger (702) to form low-temperature cooling water again and enter the cooling water tank body (901) to repeat the cycle. In autumn and winter, before the electrochemical reaction starts, the low-temperature cooling water in the cooling water tank (9) is stored in the cooling water tank body (901). The low-temperature cooling water starts to circulate in the cooling water circulation unit under the action of the water pump (10), and is preheated through the first seawater heat exchanger (702) and the second seawater heat exchanger (802). The preheated cooling water enters the cooling water tank (9). After the electrochemical reaction starts, the seawater cooling unit is closed, and the low-temperature cooling water enters the hydrogen fuel cell stack (14) after passing through the heater (902). During this process, the temperature of the low-temperature cooling water increases to become high-temperature cooling water and is discharged from the hydrogen fuel cell stack (14). The air is preheated through the air heat exchanger (1301), and then the low-temperature cooling water is further heated by exchanging heat with the low-temperature cooling water in the cooling water heat exchanger (15) through the fifth valve (1805). Finally, the low-temperature cooling water enters the cooling water tank body (901), and the cycle repeats.

6. The method for operating a thermal management system for a marine hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell using seawater cooling according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the seawater cooling process, pure seawater is extracted from the first seawater tank (701) and the second seawater tank (801) to humidify the proton exchange membrane in the hydrogen fuel cell stack (14), thereby improving power generation efficiency.

7. The method for operating a thermal management system for a marine hydrogen fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell using seawater cooling according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the cooling water circulation process, the cooling water flow rate is changed by adjusting the fifth valve (1805) to maintain the temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell within the optimal operating range of 60-80°C.

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