Energy storage container

Abstract

An energy storage container belongs to the field of energy storage equipment. The energy storage container comprises a container body, and a plurality of battery packs and a constant-temperature air cooling system which are arranged in the container body; the battery pack comprises a bottom plate, a phase-change gravity heat pipe type upper cover and a battery module, the bottom plate and the phase-change gravity heat pipe type upper cover form a battery box containing the battery module, the phase-change gravity heat pipe type upper cover is filled with a phase-change working medium, and the phase-change gravity heat pipe type upper cover is in contact with the top surface of the battery module to dissipate heat; the constant-temperature air cooling system comprises an air conditioner, and the air conditioner is used for keeping air in the container body at a proper temperature so as to exchange heat with the phase change working medium. Wherein the phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover completely covers the upper surface of the battery module, the effect of rapid and uniform heat dissipation can be achieved, the whole process does not need to be driven by an external pump, and the high energy efficiency ratio is achieved. The energy storage container has lower energy consumption, and the energy efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of energy storage equipment, and in particular to an energy storage container. Background Art

[0002] An energy storage container is an energy storage device that integrates multiple energy storage battery packs. It has the characteristics of high integration, small footprint, and good scalability. Among them, the energy storage cell, as a component unit of the energy storage battery pack, is prone to high temperature during operation. The cooling system is needed to cool the energy storage cell to ensure stable operation of the energy storage cell.

[0003] The existing cooling systems of energy storage containers are mainly divided into air cooling systems and liquid cooling systems. These two cooling systems have their own characteristics, but both have limitations.

[0004] The air cooling system achieves cooling by sucking hot air out of the battery pack and using air convection to remove the heat generated by the battery cells. The advantages of this method are simple structure and low cost. However, due to the poor thermal conductivity of air, the temperature uniformity between the battery cells is not high, that is, the temperature distribution of the battery cells is not uniform. In a high temperature environment, this uneven temperature distribution may cause local overheating of the battery cell, affecting its performance and life.

[0005] The liquid cooling system installs a liquid cooling plate at the bottom of the battery pack and uses the coolant to circulate inside the liquid cooling plate to remove the heat generated by the battery cells. This method has the advantages of high heat dissipation efficiency and precise temperature control. However, the coolant delivery pipeline is prone to bursting when the ambient temperature is extreme, which not only affects the heat dissipation effect, but also may cause damage to the battery pack. In addition, scale is easily accumulated inside the liquid cooling plate, which not only affects the heat conduction efficiency, but also may clog the pipeline. In addition, there is often condensation on the outside of the liquid cooling plate, which may penetrate into electrical components and cause a short circuit.

[0006] In addition, both the air cooling system and the liquid cooling system need to continue to run when the battery cells are charging and discharging in the energy storage container, which undoubtedly increases the auxiliary power consumption of the energy storage container, reduces its energy efficiency ratio, and becomes one of the important factors limiting its performance improvement. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of this, the purpose of the present application is to provide an energy storage container to solve at least one of the above technical problems.

[0008] The present application provides an energy storage container, comprising a container body, a plurality of battery packs arranged in the container body, and a constant temperature air cooling system; the battery pack comprises a bottom plate, a phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover, and a battery module, the bottom plate and the phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover constitute a battery box accommodating the battery module, the interior of the phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover is filled with a phase change working fluid, and the phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover is in contact with the top surface of the battery module to dissipate heat; the constant temperature air cooling system comprises an air conditioner, and the air conditioner is used to keep the air inside the container body at a suitable temperature for heat exchange with the phase change working fluid.

[0009] In some optional embodiments, the phase change gravity heat pipe upper cover includes: an upper cover body, which is provided with an evaporation chamber and a accommodating cavity arranged and separated in the up and down directions, the evaporation chamber is used to contact the battery module, and the accommodating cavity is used to accommodate the battery module; a heat exchanger, which is used for heat exchange between the phase change working fluid and the air inside the container body, and the heat exchanger is located higher than the evaporation chamber in the vertical direction; a plurality of gas delivery pipes connecting the evaporation chamber and the heat exchanger, which are used to guide the phase change working fluid vaporized into a gaseous state in the evaporation chamber to the heat exchanger; and a plurality of liquid reflux pipes connecting the evaporation chamber and the heat exchanger, which are used to guide the phase change working fluid condensed into a liquid state in the heat exchanger to the evaporation chamber; wherein the evaporation chamber, the heat exchanger, the plurality of gas delivery pipes, and the plurality of liquid reflux pipes are connected to form a circulation loop filled with the phase change working fluid, constituting a phase change gravity heat pipe.

[0010] In some optional embodiments, a plurality of battery packs stacked in the height direction constitute a battery cluster, and there are a plurality of battery clusters in total, which are arranged in multiple rows and columns along the length and width directions of the container body; the constant temperature air cooling system also includes an air duct, which is composed of a narrow gap area between two adjacent columns of battery clusters, a heat exchanger of a phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover of the battery pack is arranged in the air duct, and the air conditioner blows air toward the air duct.

[0011] In some optional embodiments, the phase change gravity heat pipe upper cover also includes: a first valve, arranged on the circulation loop, for use when evacuating the inside of the circulation loop; a second valve, arranged on the circulation loop, for use when inputting the phase change working fluid into the circulation loop.

[0012] In some optional embodiments, multiple gas delivery pipes are distributed along the width direction of the upper cover body, each gas delivery pipe includes a connected gas delivery main pipe and multiple gas delivery branch pipes, the gas delivery main pipe extends along the length direction of the upper cover body, one end of the gas delivery main pipe is bent on the inner side or the outer side of the heat exchanger and then guided to the top of the heat exchanger, and the multiple gas delivery branch pipes are distributed along the extension direction of the gas delivery main pipe and are connected to the top of the evaporation chamber.

[0013] In some optional embodiments, multiple liquid return pipes are distributed along the width direction of the upper cover body, each liquid return pipe includes a connected liquid return main pipe and multiple liquid return branch pipes, the liquid return main pipe is U-shaped and extends along the length direction of the upper cover body, both ports of the liquid return main pipe are connected to the bottom of the heat exchanger, and the multiple liquid return branch pipes are distributed along the extension direction of the liquid return main pipe and are connected to the top of the evaporation chamber.

[0014] In some optional embodiments, a pipeline chamber is further provided in the upper cover body. The pipeline chamber is arranged above the evaporation chamber and separated from the evaporation chamber. A plurality of gas delivery pipes and a plurality of liquid reflux pipes are arranged in the pipeline chamber.

[0015] In some optional embodiments, the battery pack also includes a thermally conductive insulating sheet, which is arranged on a surface adjacent to the evaporation chamber in the accommodating cavity and contacts the top surface of the battery module. The thermally conductive insulating sheet is used to transfer the heat generated by the battery module to the phase change medium in the evaporation chamber.

[0016] In some optional embodiments, the bottom plate of the battery pack is a liquid-cooled bottom plate; the energy storage container also includes a liquid cooling system arranged in the container body, the liquid cooling system includes liquid cooling pipelines, a liquid cooling unit, a coolant, and liquid cooling bottom plates of multiple battery packs, and the liquid cooling pipelines, the liquid cooling unit, and the liquid cooling bottom plates of multiple battery packs are connected to form a liquid cooling circulation loop filled with coolant.

[0017] In some optional embodiments, the liquid cooling circuit includes a secondary water inlet pipe, a primary water inlet pipe, a secondary water outlet pipe, and a primary water outlet pipe. A plurality of battery packs stacked in the height direction form a battery cluster. There are multiple battery clusters in total. The water inlets of the liquid cooling base plates of all battery packs in each battery cluster share a secondary water inlet pipe, all secondary water inlet pipes are connected to the primary water inlet pipe, the primary water inlet pipe is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid cooling unit, the water outlets of the liquid cooling base plates of all battery packs in each battery cluster share a secondary water outlet pipe, all secondary water outlet pipes are connected to the primary water outlet pipe, and the primary water outlet pipe is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid cooling unit.

[0018] Based on the above technical solution, the energy storage container provided by this application realizes the heat dissipation function of the battery modules in each battery pack through the internally arranged constant temperature air cooling system and the phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover of each battery pack. Among them, the battery pack adopts a phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover, which has better heat dissipation performance. The phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover fully covers the upper surface of the battery module, especially the position prone to uneven heat dissipation - the battery cells at the ends of the length direction of the battery pack, which can achieve the effect of fast and uniform heat dissipation, and the whole process does not require external pump drive, achieving a high energy efficiency ratio.

[0019] The constant temperature air cooling system and the phase change gravity heat pipe upper cover of each battery pack can also be used in combination with a liquid cooling system using a liquid cooling base plate to achieve the heat dissipation function, so that the energy storage container provided by the present application can maintain a stable heat dissipation effect at different ambient temperatures, compared with the energy storage container using a pure air cooling or liquid cooling system, and has lower energy consumption and improved energy efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an energy storage container provided for this application.

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a container body provided in this application.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage container provided in this application after the container body is hidden.

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic top view of an energy storage container provided in the present application with the container body hidden.

[0026] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack provided in this application.

[0027] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack provided in the present application when viewed from an upward perspective.

[0028] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an exploded view of a battery pack provided in this application.

[0029] Fig. 9 A perspective schematic diagram of a phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover of a battery pack provided in the present application.

[0030] Fig.10 A schematic cross-sectional view of a phase change gravity heat pipe upper cover provided in the present application at the upper cover body.

[0031] Fig.11 A schematic cross-sectional view of a phase change gravity heat pipe upper cover at a heat exchanger provided in the present application.

[0032] Fig.12 This is a schematic top view of each heat exchanger in an air duct provided in the present application.

[0033] Fig.13 This is a front view schematic diagram of each heat exchanger in an air duct provided in the present application.

[0034] Figure numerals: 100, energy storage container; 10, container body; 11, column; 20, battery pack; 21, liquid cooling bottom plate; 211, water inlet; 212, water outlet; 22, phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover; 221, upper cover body; 2211, accommodating cavity; 2212, evaporation chamber; 2213, pipeline chamber; 222, heat exchanger; 2221, heat exchanger shell; 2222, fin; 223, gas delivery pipe; 2231, gas delivery main pipe; 2232, gas delivery branch pipe pipe; 224, liquid reflux pipe; 2241, liquid reflux main pipe; 2242, liquid reflux branch pipe; 225, first valve; 226, second valve; 23, battery module; 24, thermal insulation sheet; 25, electrical components; 30, liquid cooling system; 31, liquid cooling pipeline; 311, secondary water inlet pipeline; 312, primary water inlet pipeline; 313, secondary water outlet pipeline; 314, primary water outlet pipeline; 32, liquid cooling unit; 40, constant temperature air cooling system; 41, air conditioning; 42, air duct. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the description of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0036] In the description of this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "setting", "installation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be that two elements are internally connected. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0037] The terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "center", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "vertical", "horizontal", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientation or position relationship commonly placed when the product of the application is used. They are only for the convenience of description and simplified description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0038] The terms “first”, “second”, “third”, etc. are merely used to distinguish elements of similar nature, and do not indicate or imply relative importance or a particular order, unless expressly specified and limited otherwise.

[0039] The terms "comprises," "includes," "has," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0040] The term "plurality" means more than two (including two).

[0041] The term "and / or" is merely a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three possible relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.

[0042] The terms "one embodiment", "as an example", "in one implementation", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example may be included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. Schematic representations of such terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor are they independent or alternative embodiments that are mutually exclusive with other embodiments. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined in a suitable manner.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of an energy storage container 100 provided in this application. Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of a container body 10 provided in this application. Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage container 100 provided in the present application after the container body 10 is hidden.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides an energy storage container 100, including a container body 10 and a plurality of battery packs 20, a liquid cooling system 30 and a constant temperature air cooling system 40 arranged in the container body 10.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, the container body 10 is in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and a door (not shown in the figure) is provided on the side of the container body 10. Multiple doors can be provided, and illustratively, doors are provided on both sides of the length direction of the container body 10.

[0046] The interior of the container body 10 may be provided with a plurality of columns 11 arranged in a rectangular array, and these columns 11 may enable the internal space of the container body 10 to be reasonably divided and utilized, and facilitate the layout and management of the battery packs 20. Exemplarily, a plurality of columns 11 arranged along the length direction of the container body 10 are a column, and a plurality of columns 11 arranged along the width direction of the container body 10 are a row, and a plurality of battery packs 20 may be stacked along the height direction between every two rows of columns 11. Since the two sides of these battery packs 20 along the length direction of the container body 10 are blocked by the columns 11, their positions in this direction are relatively fixed, and two adjacent rows of battery packs 20 are separated from each other by the columns 11, which improves the safety in terms of fire prevention and anti-collision.

[0047] The arrangement of the plurality of battery packs 20 is exemplarily as follows Figure 3 As shown, eight battery packs 20 stacked and electrically connected in the height direction form a battery cluster, and there are 12 battery clusters in total. The 12 battery clusters are arranged in 6 rows and 2 columns along the length and width directions of the container body 10. It should be noted that in this embodiment, several battery clusters arranged in the length direction of the container body 10 form a column, and several battery clusters arranged in the width direction of the container body 10 form a row. It can be understood that in other embodiments, several battery clusters arranged in the width direction of the container body 10 may also form a column, and several battery clusters arranged in the length direction of the container body 10 may also form a row.

[0048] In order to facilitate the layout of the liquid cooling pipeline 31 of the liquid cooling system 30, the water inlet and outlet of the battery pack 20 in each row of two battery clusters are located on the side close to the outside of the container body 10. The positions of the water inlet 211 and the water outlet 212 of the liquid cooling bottom plate 21 can be seen in FIG. Figure 4 .

[0049] The liquid cooling system 30 includes a liquid cooling pipeline 31, a liquid cooling unit 32, a coolant, and a liquid cooling base plate 21 of multiple battery packs 20. The water inlet 211 and the water outlet 212 of the liquid cooling base plate 21 of each battery pack 20 are connected to the liquid cooling unit 32 through the liquid cooling pipeline 31 to form a liquid cooling circulation loop, and the coolant is filled in the liquid cooling circulation loop as a working medium. When working, the liquid cooling unit 32 transports the coolant to circulate through the liquid cooling base plate 21, taking away the heat generated by the battery module of the battery pack 20. Among them, the liquid cooling unit 32 cools the coolant flowing into it before it flows out. For example, for lithium iron phosphate batteries with an operating temperature range of 25°C to 35°C, the liquid cooling unit 32 can cool the incoming coolant to about 20°C before flowing out.

[0050] The arrangement of the liquid cooling pipeline 31 is exemplarily as follows Figure 3 As shown, the liquid cooling pipeline 31 includes a secondary water inlet pipeline 311, a primary water inlet pipeline 312, a secondary water outlet pipeline 313, and a primary water outlet pipeline 314. The primary water inlet pipeline 312 and the primary water outlet pipeline 314 are both annular or U-shaped, and are arranged side by side at the bottom of the container body 10. In this embodiment, the primary water inlet pipeline 312 is arranged on the inner side of the primary water outlet pipeline 314, closer to the battery cluster than the primary water outlet pipeline 314. The water inlets 211 of the liquid cooling base plates 21 of all battery packs 20 of each battery cluster share a secondary water inlet pipeline 311, and all secondary water inlet pipelines 311 are connected to the primary water inlet pipeline 312, and the primary water inlet pipeline 312 is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid cooling unit 32. The water outlets 212 of the liquid cooling base plate 21 of the battery pack 20 of each battery cluster share a secondary water outlet pipeline 313, and all the secondary water outlet pipelines 313 are connected to the primary water outlet pipeline 314, and the primary water outlet pipeline 314 is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid cooling unit 32. The connection between the water inlet 211 of the liquid cooling base plate 21 and the secondary water inlet pipeline 311 and the connection between the water outlet 212 and the secondary water outlet pipeline 313 can be seen in Figure 4 .

[0051] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the liquid cooling unit 32 can be arranged inside the container body 10 and located at one end along the length direction of the container body 10 to facilitate the layout and connection of the liquid cooling pipeline 31.

[0052] Figure 5 This is a top view schematic diagram of an energy storage container 100 provided in the present application with the container body 10 hidden.

[0053] The constant temperature air cooling system 40 includes an air conditioner 41 and an air duct 42. Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, the air conditioner 41 is arranged inside the container body 10 and is located in the middle position of one end along the length direction of the container body 10, and is located above the liquid cooling unit 32, and the air outlet of the air conditioner 41 faces the air duct 42 formed by the narrow gap area between the two rows of battery clusters. When working, the air conditioner 41 blows air to the air duct 42 and maintains the temperature at a constant temperature, such as 25°C. The purpose of setting up the constant temperature air cooling system 40 is to centrally arrange the heat exchangers 222 of the phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover 22 of each battery pack 20 in the air duct 42, and by centrally supplying air to these heat exchangers 222, the phase change working fluid inside each heat exchanger 222 is heat exchanged with the constant temperature air. For a detailed description of the structure of the battery pack 20, please see below.

[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack 20 provided in this application. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack 20 provided in the present application when viewed from above. Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an exploded view of a battery pack 20 provided in the present application.

[0055] like Figures 6 to 8 As shown, each battery pack 20 includes a liquid cooling base plate 21 , a phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover 22 , a battery module 23 , a thermally conductive insulating sheet 24 , and an electrical component 25 .

[0056] A water inlet 211 and a water outlet 212 are provided on the side surface of one end in the length direction of the liquid cooling bottom plate 21. The liquid cooling bottom plate 21 and the phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover 22 together form a battery box, in which a battery module 23, a heat conductive insulation sheet 24 and an electrical component 25 are arranged. Among them, the phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover 22 is the technical focus, which is described in detail below.

[0057] Fig. 9 A perspective schematic diagram of a phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover 22 of a battery pack 20 provided in the present application.

[0058] The phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover 22 uses a phase change gravity heat pipe to dissipate heat from the battery module 23. Fig. 9 As shown, the phase change gravity heat pipe upper cover 22 includes an upper cover body 221 , a heat exchanger 222 , a plurality of gas delivery pipes 223 , a plurality of liquid reflux pipes 224 , a phase change working medium, a first valve 225 , and a second valve 226 .

[0059] Among them, the upper cover body 221 is provided with an evaporation chamber 2212 and a receiving chamber 2211 arranged in the up-down direction and separated from each other. The evaporation chamber 2212 is for the internal phase change medium to absorb the heat of the battery module 23 and vaporize, and the receiving chamber 2211 is used to accommodate the battery module 23. A heat exchanger 222 is arranged on the outside of the upper cover body 221, and the position of the heat exchanger 222 in the vertical direction is higher than the evaporation chamber 2212. The evaporation chamber 2212 and the heat exchanger 222 are connected through a plurality of gas delivery pipes 223 and a plurality of liquid return pipes 224, and a circulation loop is formed. The interior of the circulation loop is filled with phase change medium, thereby forming a phase change gravity heat pipe. The first valve 225 and the second valve 226 are both arranged on the circulation loop. The first valve 225 is used when the interior of the circulation loop is evacuated, and the second valve 226 is used when the phase change medium is input into the circulation loop. The following is a detailed description of each part.

[0060] The upper cover body 221 and the liquid cooling bottom plate 21 together form a battery box. Both the upper cover body 221 and the liquid cooling bottom plate 21 are provided with mounting holes (not shown in the figure) for passing fasteners to connect with each other.

[0061] The evaporation chamber 2212 of the upper cover body 221 is the core area where the phase change medium absorbs the heat of the battery module 23 and vaporizes. It needs to be arranged close to or in contact with the battery module 23 to ensure that the heat of the battery module 23 can be effectively transferred to the phase change medium in the evaporation chamber 2212. The evaporation chamber 2212 also needs to be arranged at a lower position in the circulation loop to facilitate the natural reflux of the liquid phase change medium. The side wall of the accommodating cavity 2211 may be provided with a through hole for arranging an integrated panel and / or an inspection cover for the electrical component 25.

[0062] For example, Fig. 9 As shown, the cross-sections of the evaporation chamber 2212 and the accommodating chamber 2211 are both rectangular and of the same size, and the height of the evaporation chamber 2212 is significantly smaller than the height of the accommodating chamber 2211. This design allows the evaporation chamber 2212 to fully and evenly cover the upper surface of each battery module 23, so that the phase change medium in the evaporation chamber 2212 can more quickly absorb the heat generated by the battery module 23 and vaporize, achieving the effect of rapid and uniform heat dissipation, and the gaseous phase change medium can more easily enter the gas delivery pipe 223, thereby improving the heat conduction efficiency. This design can also make the size of the upper cover body 221 more compact in the height direction.

[0063] The upper cover body 221 may also be provided with a pipeline chamber 2213 for arranging a plurality of gas delivery pipes 223 and a plurality of liquid return pipes 224. Fig. 9As shown, the pipeline chamber 2213 is arranged above the evaporation chamber 2212 and separated from the evaporation chamber 2212, and a plurality of gas delivery pipes 223 and a plurality of liquid return pipes 224 are fixedly arranged in the pipeline chamber 2213. By centrally arranging a plurality of gas delivery pipes 223 and a plurality of liquid return pipes 224 in the pipeline chamber 2213, not only can the space occupation be reduced, but also the necessary protection can be provided for the gas delivery pipes 223 and the liquid return pipes 224 to prevent them from being affected by external impact, vibration or corrosion, and at the same time, it helps to ensure the stability of the flow of the phase change working medium.

[0064] Fig.10 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover 22 provided in the present application at the upper cover body 221 .

[0065] The gas delivery pipe 223 is used to guide the phase change working medium vaporized into gaseous state in the evaporation chamber 2212 to the heat exchanger 222. For example, Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, a plurality of gas delivery pipes 223 are distributed in the pipeline chamber 2213 along the width direction of the upper cover body 221 at equal intervals, and each gas delivery pipe 223 includes a gas delivery main pipe 2231 and a plurality of gas delivery branch pipes 2232 .

[0066] The gas delivery main pipe 2231 extends along the length direction of the upper cover body 221, one end of the gas delivery main pipe 2231 passes through the outer side of the upper cover body 221 and is connected to the heat exchanger 222, and multiple gas delivery branch pipes 2232 are evenly spaced along the extension direction of the gas delivery main pipe 2231. Each gas delivery branch pipe 2232 is arranged in the vertical direction, and the two ends of each gas delivery branch pipe 2232 are respectively connected to the bottom of the gas delivery main pipe 2231 and the top of the evaporation chamber 2212.

[0067] The structure of the gas delivery pipe 223 itself and the overall arrangement of the plurality of gas delivery pipes 223 can ensure that the gaseous phase change medium in the evaporation chamber 2212 is uniformly and quickly delivered to the heat exchanger 222, thereby avoiding local overheating or overcooling and improving the heat transfer efficiency. The gas delivery branch pipe 2232 arranged in the vertical direction also reduces the fluctuation and resistance of the gas when it rises, thereby improving the stability and reliability of gas delivery.

[0068] In order to prevent liquid phase-change medium from entering the gas delivery pipe 223 and gaseous phase-change medium from entering the liquid return pipe 224 , one end of the gas delivery main pipe 2231 can be bent inside or outside the heat exchanger 222 and then guided to the top of the heat exchanger 222 . Fig. 9 and Fig.10As shown, one end of the gas delivery main pipe 2231 is bent on the inner side of the heat exchanger 222 and then guided to the top of the heat exchanger 222. Compared with being set on the outer side of the heat exchanger 222, this structure can reduce the risk of leakage and make the appearance of the heat exchanger 222 appear simpler.

[0069] The liquid return pipe 224 is used to guide the phase change medium condensed into liquid in the heat exchanger 222 to the evaporation chamber 2212. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, a plurality of liquid reflux pipes 224 are evenly spaced in the pipeline chamber 2213 along the width direction of the upper cover body 221 , and each liquid reflux pipe 224 includes a liquid reflux main pipe 2241 and a plurality of liquid reflux branch pipes 2242 .

[0070] The liquid return main pipe 2241 is U-shaped, which is placed flat inside the upper cover body 221 and extends along the length direction of the upper cover body 221. Both ports of the liquid return main pipe 2241 pass through the outer side of the upper cover body 221 and are connected to the heat exchanger 222. A plurality of liquid return branch pipes 2242 are evenly spaced along the extension direction of the liquid return main pipe 2241, and each liquid return branch pipe 2242 is arranged in the vertical direction. The two ends of each liquid return branch pipe 2242 are respectively connected to the bottom of the liquid return main pipe 2241 and the top of the evaporation chamber 2212. Among them, the position of the liquid return main pipe 2241 in the vertical direction is lower than the gas delivery main pipe 2231, and both ports thereof are connected to the bottom of the side of the heat exchanger 222. This structure allows the liquid return pipe 224 to be filled with the refluxed liquid phase change medium, and prevents the gaseous phase change medium from entering the liquid return pipe 224.

[0071] The structure of the liquid return pipe 224 itself and the overall arrangement of the plurality of liquid return pipes 224 can allow the liquid phase-change medium in the heat exchanger 222 to flow back to the evaporation chamber 2212 evenly and quickly from the bottom, and can allow the phase-change medium to evenly cover the entire evaporation chamber 2212, thereby avoiding retention and accumulation and improving the efficiency and stability of liquid reflux. The U-shaped liquid return main pipe 2241 not only increases the number of ports for the return of the liquid phase-change medium at the bottom of the heat exchanger 222, but also can reduce the fluctuation and impact of the liquid to a certain extent, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the liquid reflux.

[0072] In order to make the overall arrangement of the multiple gas delivery pipes 223 and the multiple liquid return pipes 224 more compact, as shown in FIG. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, multiple gas delivery pipes 223 are arranged corresponding to multiple liquid return pipes 224 respectively, and each gas delivery pipe 223 is set in the gap between two mutually parallel sections of the corresponding liquid return main pipe 2241 and arranged in the vertical direction. This arrangement structure significantly improves space utilization.

[0073] Fig.11 A schematic cross-sectional view of a phase change gravity heat pipe upper cover 22 at a heat exchanger 222 provided in the present application.

[0074] The heat exchanger 222 is used to convert the gaseous phase-change medium into a liquid state by exchanging heat with the external air. Fig. 9 and Fig.11 As shown, the heat exchanger 222 includes a heat exchanger housing 2221 and a plurality of fins 2222 disposed in the heat exchanger housing 2221 .

[0075] The length of the heat exchanger shell 2221 is the same as the width of the upper cover body 221, so that the overall structure of the phase change gravity heat pipe upper cover 22 is compact and the space occupied is reduced. At the same time, this design also facilitates the connection between the heat exchanger shell 2221 and multiple gas delivery pipes 223 and multiple liquid return pipes 224, thereby improving the integration. The bottom of the heat exchanger shell 2221 is located higher than the evaporation chamber 2212 in the vertical direction, so that the liquid phase change medium naturally flows to the bottom of the heat exchanger shell 2221 under the action of gravity, and flows back to the evaporation chamber 2212 through the liquid return pipe 224. This natural circulation method does not require additional power equipment, thereby reducing energy consumption and operating costs.

[0076] A plurality of fins 2222 are evenly spaced in the length direction of the heat exchanger housing 2221, each fin 2222 is approximately rectangular and arranged in the vertical direction, and a gap is left between the edge of the fin 2222 and the inner wall of the heat exchanger housing 2221, so that the spaces between the plurality of fins 2222 are interconnected. The fins 2222 of this shape and layout increase the heat exchange area, contribute to the uniform distribution and rapid transfer of heat, so that the heat of the phase change medium can be transferred to the external air more quickly, thereby accelerating the transformation process of the phase change medium from gas to liquid, and improving the heat transfer efficiency.

[0077] The first valve 225 is used to evacuate the inside of the circulation loop, and the second valve 226 is used to input the phase change medium into the circulation loop. Before the phase change medium is filled into the circulation loop through the second valve 226, the inside of the circulation loop needs to be evacuated in advance through the first valve 225 and an external vacuum pump.

[0078] For example, Fig. 9As shown, the first valve 225 and the second valve 226 are both arranged on an end face of the heat exchanger housing 2221 in the longitudinal direction. Among them, the first valve 225 is located higher than the second valve 226 in the vertical direction. During the vacuuming process, since the first valve 225 is located at a higher position, the air inside the circulation loop can be more easily pumped out, thereby speeding up the vacuuming. When the vacuuming is completed, when the phase change medium is filled through the second valve 226, since the second valve 226 is located at a lower position, it can be ensured that the phase change medium is filled from a lower position, further reducing the presence of residual air inside the circulation loop.

[0079] The phase change medium can be Freon or other existing refrigerants. The height of the filled phase change medium must be above the two ports of the liquid return pipe 2241, that is, the evaporation chamber 2212 and the plurality of liquid return pipes 224 must be filled, so as to ensure efficient and stable operation of the phase change gravity heat pipe.

[0080] The various components of the phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover 22 can be connected into one, which can reduce the number of connection points, reduce the risk of leakage and failure, and improve stability and reliability. At the same time, the compact structure can reduce the impact of external factors such as vibration and impact, and enhance durability.

[0081] The heat-conducting insulating sheet 24 is arranged on the surface of the evaporation chamber 2212 in the accommodating cavity 2211 and is in direct contact with the upper surface of the energy storage cell of the battery module 23 and the aluminum bar. The heat-conducting insulating sheet 24 is used to transfer the heat generated by the battery module 23 to the phase change medium in the evaporation chamber 2212. The heat-conducting insulating sheet 24 can be fixed on the surface of the evaporation chamber 2212 in the accommodating cavity 2211 by bonding.

[0082] The working principle of the phase-change gravity heat pipe upper cover 22 is as follows: after the evaporation chamber 2212 of the upper cover body 221 receives the heat of each battery module 23 transmitted by the heat-conducting insulating sheet 24, the liquid phase-change medium inside absorbs the heat and evaporates and boils, and quickly changes from liquid to gas. Since the volume of the gas phase-change medium is larger than that of the liquid phase-change medium, the pressure in the evaporation chamber 2212 increases, causing the gas phase-change medium to rise and enter the gas delivery pipe 223, and enter the heat exchanger 222 through the gas delivery pipe 223. In the heat exchanger 222, the gas phase-change medium exchanges heat with the constant temperature air in the air duct 42 through a large number of fins 2222 to release heat, and then changes back to liquid, and flows to the bottom of the heat exchanger 222. Since the heat exchanger 222 is vertically positioned higher than the evaporation chamber 2212 and the liquid return pipe 224 is connected to the bottom of the heat exchanger 222, the liquid phase change medium flows back to the evaporation chamber 2212 through the liquid return pipe 224 under the action of gravity, and continues to participate in phase change heat dissipation to form a cycle.

[0083] The heat dissipation working mode of the entire energy storage container 100 can be: in spring and autumn weather (ambient temperature is about 20°C), only the constant temperature air cooling system 40 can cooperate with the phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover 22 of each battery pack 20 to dissipate heat. The phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover 22 of each battery pack 20 can achieve zero power consumption and efficient heat dissipation. At the same time, the temperature of the refluxed phase change working fluid is not very low, and the condensation caused is also less than that of the liquid cooling bottom plate 21.

[0084] When the temperature is low in winter, only the liquid cooling system 30 can be operated to dissipate heat. It is worth noting that before charging and discharging the battery cells, the battery cells need to be preheated to reach a suitable operating temperature range. Since the temperature is low in winter, the battery cell temperature is low, and the heat generated is relatively small, the phase change working medium in the phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover 22 is more in liquid state, rather than frequently undergoing gas-liquid phase change. At this time, the phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover 22 is more in standby state.

[0085] When the temperature is high in summer, due to the high initial temperature, the phase change medium in the phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover 22 of each battery pack 20 may have been close to or exceeded its phase change temperature, and the heat absorption threshold becomes smaller. The constant temperature air cooling system 40 alone in conjunction with the phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover 22 cannot effectively dissipate heat. At this time, the liquid cooling system 30 needs to work to dissipate heat for the battery module 23.

[0086] Since the air duct 42 is arrayed with heat exchangers 222 and has a certain wind resistance, in order to make the cold air blown out by the air conditioner 41 flow more evenly in the air duct 42, it is necessary to optimize the shape of each heat exchanger 222 to reduce the wind resistance and make the air volume more uniform, which is beneficial to heat dissipation.

[0087] Specifically, the Fluent software is used to establish a model based on the shape of the original heat exchanger 222 for calculation, and the flow rate and pressure inside the air duct 42 under this shape are calculated. According to the calculation results, the adjoint solver algorithm is selected, and the shape modification of the heat exchanger 222 is guided according to the calculation results of the adjoint solver algorithm, so as to obtain the shape of the heat exchanger 222 that makes the air volume in the air duct 42 uniform, thereby achieving the goal of optimizing the shape of the heat exchanger 222. For an example of optimizing the shape of the heat exchanger 222 in the embodiment of the present application, see Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the top view of each heat exchanger in the air duct and Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the front view of each heat exchanger in the air duct.

[0088] Among them, Fluent software is a general software widely used in the field of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It has powerful simulation capabilities and can simulate physical and chemical processes in many fields, from incompressible to compressible, laminar flow and turbulent flow, heat transfer and phase change, chemical reaction and combustion, multiphase flow and particle flow, rotating machinery, dynamic grid, aerodynamic noise, material processing, fuel cells, etc. Fluent software is widely used in energy, resources, aviation, aerospace, chemical industry, environmental protection, water conservancy, automobile, machinery, electronics, shipbuilding, metallurgy, construction, materials and biology.

[0089] The adjoint solver algorithm is a specialized mathematical tool that provides detailed sensitivity data on the performance of a fluid system under specific boundary conditions. It allows a series of behaviors to be automatically executed during the design iteration process, such as auto-save, animation output, and other execution commands. The core of this algorithm is to stop the calculation when the iterative process reaches a convergence criterion or reaches a maximum number of iterations.

[0090] The adjoint solver algorithm consists of the following steps: 1. Flow field calculation: Taking Fluent software as an example, the flow field of the original model is calculated by Fluent software to obtain basic flow field information, such as flow velocity, pressure, etc.

[0091] 2. Define observations: Users need to define scalar quantities of interest, i.e., observations, which will be used to evaluate the effects of design iterations.

[0092] 3. Define adjoint solver control, monitoring, and convergence criteria: Set the control parameters, monitoring items, and convergence criteria of the adjoint solver to ensure the stability and effectiveness of the iterative process.

[0093] 4. Solution: Fluent software will perform the adjoint solution process to calculate the derivatives of the observed quantity with respect to all inputs, i.e., sensitivity data.

[0094] 5. Post-processing: Post-process the solution results, analyze the sensitivity data, and use it to guide design modifications, such as the shape of the heat exchanger 222 in the embodiment of the present application.

[0095] 6. Calculate design changes and modify geometry: Based on sensitivity data, Fluent software calculates design changes and automatically modifies geometry for the next iteration.

[0096] 7. Iterative optimization: Repeat the above steps until all observations reach the convergence criterion or the maximum number of iterations is reached, then stop the calculation.

[0097] In summary, the energy storage container 100 provided in the present application realizes the heat dissipation function of the battery modules 23 in each battery pack 20 by combining the internally arranged liquid cooling system 30, the constant temperature air cooling system 40, the liquid cooling base plate 21 of each battery pack 20 and the phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover 22.

[0098] The battery pack 20 uses a combination of a liquid cooling base plate 21 and a phase-change gravity heat pipe upper cover 22, which has better heat dissipation performance. The phase-change gravity heat pipe upper cover 22 fully covers the upper surface of the battery module 23, especially the position prone to uneven heat dissipation - the battery cells at the ends of the length direction of the battery pack 20, which can achieve the effect of fast and uniform heat dissipation, and the whole process does not require external pump drive, achieving a high energy efficiency ratio.

[0099] Compared with energy storage containers that use pure air cooling or liquid cooling systems, the energy storage container 100 provided in the present application can maintain a stable heat dissipation effect under different ambient temperatures by combining and switching the liquid cooling system 30 and the constant temperature air cooling system 40, and has lower energy consumption and improved energy efficiency.

[0100] In addition, the present application also provides a method for estimating the filling amount of a phase-change working fluid in a phase-change gravity heat pipe type upper cover for an energy storage battery pack, comprising: S1. Estimate the heat generated by the batteries in the energy storage battery pack.

[0101] The total heat Q generated by the battery in the energy storage battery pack is divided into four parts, namely the reaction heat Q r , Joule heat Q j , polarization heat Q p and side reaction heat Q s , so the total heat Q can be determined according to formula (1) as: (1) According to the principles of thermodynamics, the heat generated by the chemical reaction of the battery is the reaction heat Q r , can be obtained from the change in Gibbs free energy, see formula (2) (2) Among them, △G is the change in Gibbs free energy, in kJ / mol; △H is the enthalpy change, in kJ / mol; T is the temperature of the battery during charging and discharging; △S is the entropy change, in kJ / (mol·K).

[0102] The relationship between the change in Gibbs free energy △G and the change in entropy △S is shown in formula (3): (3) in, It represents the rate of change of Gibbs free energy △G with the temperature T during battery charging and discharging.

[0103] During the battery charging and discharging process, the change in Gibbs free energy △G is equal to the electrical energy, see formula (4): (4) Where n is the number of moles of transferred electrons; F is the Faraday constant, which is 96484.5 C / mol; and E is the electromotive force.

[0104] Heat of reaction Q r Substituting the difference between the corresponding enthalpy change △H and the Gibbs free energy change △G into formulas (3) and (4), we can obtain formula (5): (5) Joule heat Q j is the heat generated by the internal resistance of the battery, polarization heat Q p It can be regarded as the heat generated by polarization internal resistance, and the side reaction heat Q s The heat is small and can be ignored. Therefore, the Joule heat Q j and polarization heat Q p The total heat is calculated as follows: (6) Where I is the battery charging and discharging current, R j is the internal resistance of the battery, R p is the polarization internal resistance, and t is the charging and discharging time.

[0105] Substituting formulas (5) and (6) into formula (1), we can obtain the total heat Q generated by the battery, as shown in formula (7): (7) Continuing with step S1, the difference between the estimated heat generated by the battery and the heat generated by the battery at the maximum operating temperature is calculated to obtain the heat that needs to be absorbed by the phase change working fluid.

[0106] Since the total heat generated by the battery will be absorbed by the battery itself, the macroscopic manifestation is the rise in battery temperature. Batteries have a stable and normal operating temperature range. Therefore, for the phase change gravity heat pipe cover used for heat dissipation of energy storage battery packs, the phase change working fluid inside needs to absorb the part of the heat that exceeds the maximum operating temperature when the battery is working. Taking lithium iron phosphate batteries as an example, their operating temperature range is 25℃~35℃, and the phase change working fluid needs to absorb the heat generated when the lithium iron phosphate battery exceeds 35℃ when working. Therefore, the heat that the phase change working fluid needs to absorb The calculation of is shown in formula (8): (8) Among them, Q T is the heat generated by the battery at the maximum operating temperature, c is the average specific heat capacity of the battery, m is the total weight of the battery, and T0 is the initial temperature of the battery when it is not charged or discharged.

[0107] Continuing with step S1, estimating the heat absorbed by the phase-change working fluid during the phase-change process.

[0108] The heat absorbed by the phase change medium during the phase change process can be divided into heat transferred by heat conduction and heat transferred by latent heat. Ignoring the heat loss in the heat conduction between the battery cell and the phase change medium, the heat absorbed by the phase change medium is Q g The calculation of is shown in formula (9): (9) Among them, Q0 is the heat absorbed by the phase change working fluid and transferred by heat conduction, Q H is the heat absorbed by the phase change medium and transferred by latent heat, T0 is the initial temperature, T B is the boiling point of the phase change medium, is the specific heat capacity of the phase change medium, is the mass of the phase change medium, △H vap It is the latent heat of vaporization of the phase change fluid.

[0109] Since the phase change gravity heat pipe cooling system is a dynamic equilibrium process during normal operation, the latent heat of vaporization of the phase change medium △H vap It can be calculated by the integrated form of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The integrated form of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation is shown in formula (10). The calculated latent heat of vaporization of the phase change working fluid △H vap See formula (11): (10) (11) Among them, P B The phase change medium is at T B P0 is the pressure of the phase change fluid at T0, and R is the ideal gas constant.

[0110] S2. According to the heat required to be absorbed by the phase change working fluid calculated in step S1 and the estimated heat absorbed by the phase change working fluid during the phase change process, the mass of the phase change working fluid that needs to be filled in the phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover is calculated to be used in the numerical design of the pipeline of the phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover.

[0111] The specific process is as follows: Combining formulas (8), (9) and (11), we get the heat transfer performance formula (12) of the phase change gravity heat pipe upper cover: (12) Then, the mass of the phase change fluid to be filled is calculated , see formula (13): (13) The mass of the phase change fluid to be filled is obtained according to formula (13): , which can be used in the numerical design of pipelines for phase change gravity heat pipe upper cover.

[0112] Taking the numerical design of the liquid return pipe in the phase change gravity heat pipe upper cover as an example, Fig. 9 It can be seen that the number of liquid return pipes 224 in the phase change gravity heat pipe upper cover 22 is 9, and the number of liquid return branch pipes 2242 of each liquid return pipe 224 is 15. If the liquid phase change medium in the heat exchanger 222 is to flow evenly into the evaporation chamber 2212, the flow rate and the opening diameter of a single liquid return pipe 224 need to be calculated to ensure that in normal operation, phase change medium flows out of the outlets of all liquid return branch pipes 2242, thereby achieving a uniform heat dissipation effect.

[0113] Therefore, the volume V of each liquid return pipe 224 is U The formula (14) must be satisfied: (14) Among them, V E is the total volume of the phase-changing medium in the heat exchanger 222, is the density of the phase change fluid.

[0114] The mass flow rate Q inside each liquid return pipe 224 is as follows: (15) Wherein, L is the length of the liquid return main pipe 2241, the length of the liquid return branch pipe 2242 can be ignored, and v is the flow rate of the phase change medium, which can be obtained by the Bernoulli equation.

[0115] The mass flow rate Q at the outlet of each liquid reflux branch 2242 outlet , see formula (16): (16) Wherein, S is the cross-sectional area at the outlet of the liquid return branch pipe 2242.

[0116] Since each liquid return pipe 224 is guaranteed to be filled with phase-change working fluid, formula (17) can be obtained: (17) According to the above formula, the length and inlet area of ​​the liquid reflux main pipe 2241, the outlet area of ​​the liquid reflux branch pipe 2242, etc. can be calculated.

[0117] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the field can easily think of various changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An energy storage container, characterized in that: It includes a container body, and a plurality of battery packs and a constant temperature air cooling system arranged in the container body; The battery pack includes a bottom plate, a phase-change gravity heat pipe type upper cover, and a battery module. The bottom plate and the phase-change gravity heat pipe type upper cover form a battery box containing the battery module. The interior of the phase-change gravity heat pipe type upper cover is filled with a phase-change working medium. The phase-change gravity heat pipe type upper cover contacts the top surface of the battery module to dissipate heat. The constant temperature air cooling system includes an air conditioner, which is used to keep the air inside the container body at a suitable temperature to perform heat exchange with the phase change working medium; Wherein, the phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover comprises: An upper cover body, wherein an evaporation chamber and a receiving cavity are arranged in an up-down direction and separated from each other, wherein the evaporation chamber is used to contact the battery module, and the receiving cavity is used to receive the battery module; A heat exchanger, used for heat exchange between the phase-change working medium and the air inside the container body, wherein the heat exchanger is located higher than the evaporation chamber in the vertical direction; a plurality of gas delivery pipes, connecting the evaporation chamber and the heat exchanger, and used for guiding the phase change working medium vaporized into gaseous state in the evaporation chamber to the heat exchanger; and A plurality of liquid return pipes, connecting the evaporation chamber and the heat exchanger, and used for guiding the phase change working medium condensed into liquid in the heat exchanger to the evaporation chamber; The evaporation chamber, the heat exchanger, the plurality of gas delivery pipes, and the plurality of liquid reflux pipes are interconnected to form a circulation loop filled with the phase-change working medium, thereby constituting a phase-change gravity heat pipe.

2. The energy storage container according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of battery packs stacked in the height direction is a battery cluster, and there are a plurality of battery clusters in total. The plurality of battery clusters are arranged in a plurality of rows and columns along the length and width direction of the container body; The constant temperature air cooling system also includes an air duct, The air duct is formed by the narrow gap area between two adjacent rows of the battery clusters, and the heat exchanger of the phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover of the battery pack is arranged in the air duct. The air conditioner discharges air toward the air duct.

3. The energy storage container according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change gravity heat pipe type upper cover also includes: A first valve, disposed on the circulation loop, for use when evacuating the interior of the circulation loop; The second valve is arranged on the circulation loop. It is used when the phase change working medium is input into the circulation loop.

4. The energy storage container according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of gas delivery pipes are distributed along the width direction of the upper cover body, and each of the gas delivery pipes includes a gas delivery main pipe and a plurality of gas delivery branch pipes connected to each other. The gas delivery main pipe extends along the length direction of the upper cover body, and one end of the gas delivery main pipe is bent at the inner side or the outer side of the heat exchanger and then directed to the top of the heat exchanger. The plurality of gas delivery branch pipes are distributed along the extension direction of the gas delivery main pipe and are communicated with the top of the evaporation chamber.

5. The energy storage container according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of liquid return pipes are distributed along the width direction of the upper cover body, and each of the liquid return pipes comprises a liquid return main pipe and a plurality of liquid return branch pipes connected to each other. The liquid return pipe is U-shaped and extends along the length direction of the upper cover body. Both ports of the liquid return pipe are connected to the bottom of the heat exchanger. The plurality of liquid reflux branch pipes are distributed along the extension direction of the liquid reflux main pipe and are communicated with the top of the evaporation chamber.

6. The energy storage container according to claim 1, 4 or 5, characterized in that: A pipeline chamber is also provided in the upper cover body. The pipeline chamber is arranged above the evaporation chamber and separated from the evaporation chamber. A plurality of the gas delivery pipes and a plurality of the liquid reflux pipes are arranged in the pipeline chamber.

7. The energy storage container according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery pack also includes a thermally conductive insulating sheet, which is arranged on a surface of the accommodating cavity adjacent to the evaporation chamber and in contact with the top surface of the battery module. The thermally conductive insulating sheet is used to transfer the heat generated by the battery module to the phase change working medium in the evaporation chamber.

8. The energy storage container according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and 7, characterized in that: The bottom plate of the battery pack is a liquid-cooled bottom plate; The energy storage container also includes a liquid cooling system disposed in the container body. The liquid cooling system includes a liquid cooling pipeline, a liquid cooling unit, a coolant, and the liquid cooling base plates of the plurality of battery packs. The liquid cooling pipeline, the liquid cooling unit, and the liquid cooling base plates of the plurality of battery packs are connected to form a liquid cooling circulation loop filled with the coolant.

9. The energy storage container according to claim 8, characterized in that: The liquid cooling pipeline includes a secondary water inlet pipeline, a primary water inlet pipeline, a secondary water outlet pipeline, and a primary water outlet pipeline. A plurality of the battery packs stacked in the height direction is a battery cluster, and there are a plurality of the battery clusters in total. The water inlets of the liquid cooling bottom plates of all the battery packs of each battery cluster share one secondary water inlet pipeline, all the secondary water inlet pipelines are connected to the primary water inlet pipeline, and the primary water inlet pipeline is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid cooling unit. The water outlets of the liquid cooling base plates of all the battery packs of each battery cluster share one secondary water outlet pipeline, all the secondary water outlet pipelines are connected to the primary water outlet pipeline, and the primary water outlet pipeline is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid cooling unit.

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