Liquid metal based polarized reconfigurable broadband cross-dipole antenna

Abstract

The application discloses a liquid metal-based polarized reconfigurable broadband cross-dipole antenna, which comprises a cross-dipole, a parasitic patch structure and a metal reflection cavity structure, the cross-dipole is loaded with four first fluid channels, by filling liquid metal into different first fluid channels of the four first fluid channels, left-handed circular polarization or right-handed circular polarization of the broadband cross-dipole antenna can be realized, the parasitic patch structure and the cross-dipole produce coupling, so that the current path on the cross-dipole is lengthened, a new resonance point is excited to widen the bandwidth, the metal reflection cavity structure has eight second fluid channels, after filling liquid metal into the eight second fluid channels, a vertical reflection plate is formed, and a coupling effect is produced with the cross-dipole; the advantage is that polarization reconfiguration is realized, and the broadband and high gain are large.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a cross-dipole antenna, in particular to a liquid metal-based polarization reconfigurable wideband cross-dipole antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of modern wireless communication, the performance of the antenna as a key technology directly affects the communication efficiency and reliability of the entire wireless communication system. With the vigorous development of wireless communication technology, higher performance requirements are put forward for the antenna, especially wideband and multifunction. Under this background, wideband circularly polarized antennas have become the focus of research due to their advantages in polarization matching and multipath effects.

[0003] Cross-dipole antennas have become an ideal choice for wideband circularly polarized antenna design due to their good circular polarization performance. Through the clever design of a quarter-wavelength phase delay line and antenna structure, cross-dipole antennas can produce stable circularly polarized waves at multiple frequency bands. The original cross-dipole antenna is proposed in the document "Baik JW, Lee KJ, Yoon WS, et al. Circularly Polarised Printed Crossed Dipole Antennas with Broadband Axial Ratio [J]. Electronics Letters, 2008, 44(13): 785-786." This cross-dipole antenna achieves circular polarization through a pair of orthogonally placed dipoles. However, its axial ratio bandwidth is only 15.6%, the bandwidth is narrow, and it has fixed performance and structure, which is relatively limited in the increasingly dynamic communication environment. Therefore, in order to expand the circular polarization bandwidth of the cross-dipole antenna and improve the antenna performance, researchers have proposed a series of design schemes and structural improvements.

[0004] Currently, there are three main ways to expand the circular polarization bandwidth of cross-dipole antennas: adding parasitic elements to the design of cross-dipole antennas, using wideband planar dipole structures, and combining improved dipole and parasitic element technology in antenna design. However, the cross-dipole antennas realized by the above three methods can only achieve wideband circular polarization, cannot achieve polarization reconfiguration, and have low gain.

[0005] In addition, there are some studies on single-parameter reconfigurable crossed-dipole antennas that utilize the switching state of PIN diodes to realize polarization, frequency, and directional pattern. In the document "J. Row, Y. Wei. Wideband Reconfigurable Crossed-Dipole Antenna With Quad-Polarization Diversity[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2018, 66(4): 2090-2094.", a crossed-dipole antenna is proposed, which can realize polarization reconfiguration through a feed network, but has a narrow bandwidth and low gain. SUMMARY

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a liquid metal-based polarization reconfigurable wideband crossed-dipole antenna with a large bandwidth and high gain while realizing polarization reconfiguration.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present application to solve the above technical problem is: a liquid metal-based polarization reconfigurable wideband crossed-dipole antenna, comprising a crossed-dipole, a parasitic patch structure, and a metal reflection cavity structure, the crossed-dipole is loaded with four first fluid channels, by filling liquid metal into different first fluid channels of the four first fluid channels, left-handed circular polarization or right-handed circular polarization of the wideband crossed-dipole antenna can be realized, the parasitic patch structure is used to produce coupling with the crossed-dipole, so as to lengthen the current path on the crossed-dipole, thereby exciting new resonance points to widen the bandwidth, the metal reflection cavity structure has eight second fluid channels, after filling liquid metal into the eight second fluid channels, a vertical reflection plate is formed, which produces a coupling effect with the crossed-dipole, so as to make the bandwidth of the wideband crossed-dipole antenna deviate to a lower frequency band, expand the impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth of the wideband crossed-dipole antenna, and improve the directional radiation capability of the wideband crossed-dipole antenna, thereby significantly improving the gain performance of the wideband crossed-dipole antenna.

[0008] The liquid metal-based polarizable reconfigurable broadband cross-dipole antenna further includes a first dielectric substrate, the first dielectric substrate is cuboid-shaped, the length direction of the first dielectric substrate is taken as the left-right direction, the width direction is taken as the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is taken as the up-down direction, the length of the first dielectric substrate is equal to the width thereof; a straight line where the center line of the first dielectric substrate in the up-down direction is located is taken as a first center line, a plane that makes the first dielectric substrate front-back symmetric is taken as a first symmetric plane, and a plane that makes the first dielectric substrate left-right symmetric is taken as a second symmetric plane; the cross-dipole includes four metal radiation patches, two circular ring-shaped metal sheets and four metal connecting sheets, the four metal radiation patches are respectively taken as a first radiation patch, a second radiation patch, a third radiation patch and a fourth radiation patch, the two circular ring-shaped metal sheets are respectively taken as a first circular ring sheet and a second circular ring sheet, and the four metal connecting sheets are respectively taken as a first connecting sheet, a second connecting sheet, a third connecting sheet and a fourth connecting sheet; the first circular ring sheet is attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the center of the first circular ring sheet is located on the first center line, the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch are both attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and if the first radiation patch is rotated 90° in the clockwise direction about the first center line, the first radiation patch will completely coincide with the second radiation patch; the first radiation patch includes an isosceles trapezoidal metal patch and two metal filling sheets, the upper base and the lower base of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch both extend in the front-back direction, and the upper base is located at the right side of the lower base, the upper base of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is circumscribed with the outer circumference of the first circular ring sheet, the two metal filling sheets are located between the upper base of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch and the first circular ring sheet, and are distributed on the front-back two sides at the tangent positions of the upper base of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch and the first circular ring sheet, if the two waists of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch extend to the first circular ring sheet and intersect with the first circular ring sheet, at this time, the extension sections of the two waists of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch, the upper base of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch and the outer circumference of the first circular ring sheet will enclose two regions, and the two metal filling sheets are located in the two regions one by one and completely fill the two regions.The first radiation patch is symmetrical about the front and back with respect to the first symmetry plane, the second radiation patch is symmetrical about the left and right with respect to the second symmetry plane, one of the two sides of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch of the first radiation patch located in the front side of the first symmetry plane is called the front side, one of the two sides of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch of the second radiation patch located in the left side of the second symmetry plane is called the left side, if the front side of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch of the first radiation patch extends to the direction of the first circular ring patch and intersects with the first circular ring patch, the intersection is called the first intersection, if the left side of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch of the second radiation patch extends to the direction of the first circular ring patch and intersects with the first circular ring patch, the intersection is called the second intersection, a part of the first circular ring patch from the first intersection to the second intersection in the clockwise direction is cut off to form a first notch; the third radiation patch and the fourth radiation patch are attached to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, if the first radiation patch is rotated 180 degrees in the clockwise direction with the first center line as the axis and then mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, it will completely coincide with the third radiation patch, if the third radiation patch is rotated 90 degrees in the clockwise direction with the first center line as the axis, it will completely coincide with the fourth radiation patch; the second circular ring patch is attached to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, if the first circular ring patch is mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, it will completely coincide with the second circular ring patch, a second notch is opened on the second circular ring patch, if the first notch is rotated 180 degrees in the clockwise direction with the first center line as the axis and then mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, it will completely coincide with the second notch; the first connecting patch and the second connecting patch are both attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate and located inside the first circular ring patch, the first connecting patch is a square and its center coincides with the center of the first circular ring patch, adjacent two sides of the first connecting patch extend in the left-right direction and the front-back direction respectively, the side length of the first connecting patch is equal to the upper base length of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch of the first radiation patch, the second connecting patch is located on the left side of the first connecting patch, if both of the two opposite sides of the first connecting patch extending in the left-right direction are extended to the left side to intersect with the first circular ring patch, at this time, the extension lines of the two opposite sides of the first connecting patch extending in the left-right direction, the inner circumference of the first circular ring patch and the left side of the first connecting patch will enclose an area, the second connecting patch is located inside the area and completely fills the area.The third connecting piece and the fourth connecting piece are attached to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate. If the first connecting piece is mapped onto the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, it will be completely coincident with the third connecting piece. If the second connecting piece is rotated 180° in the clockwise direction about the first center line and then mapped onto the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, it will be completely coincident with the fourth connecting piece.

[0009] The parasitic patch structure includes three groups of metal patches, which are referred to as the first group of metal patches, the second group of metal patches and the third group of metal patches; the first group of metal patches includes eight metal patches in the shape of isosceles trapezoid, which are referred to as the first patch, the second patch, the third patch, the fourth patch, the fifth patch, the sixth patch, the seventh patch and the eighth patch; the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch are attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, the fifth patch, the sixth patch, the seventh patch and the eighth patch are attached to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate; the first patch is located on the left side of the first radiating patch, and both the upper base and the lower base of the first patch extend in the front-rear direction; the lower base of the first patch is located on the right side of the upper base; the first patch has a distance between the upper base and the left end surface of the first dielectric substrate; the first patch is front-rear symmetric about the first symmetry plane; if the first patch is rotated 90° clockwise about the first center line, it will coincide with the second patch completely; if the first patch is rotated 180° clockwise about the first center line, it will coincide with the third patch completely; if the first patch is rotated 270° clockwise about the first center line, it will coincide with the fourth patch completely; if the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch are all mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, they will coincide with the fifth patch, the sixth patch, the seventh patch and the eighth patch one by one.The second set of metal patches includes eight metal patches each in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, which are referred to as a ninth patch, a tenth patch, an eleventh patch, a twelfth patch, a thirteenth patch, a fourteenth patch, a fifteenth patch, and a sixteenth patch. The ninth patch, the tenth patch, the eleventh patch, and the twelfth patch are attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the thirteenth patch, the fourteenth patch, the fifteenth patch, and the sixteenth patch are attached to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate. The ninth patch is located between the first radiating patch and the second radiating patch and does not contact either of them. The ninth patch is symmetrical about the plane of the diagonal surface formed by the left front corner to the right rear corner of the first dielectric substrate. The upper base of the ninth patch is closer to the first circular ring patch than its lower base. If the ninth patch is rotated 90° clockwise about the first center line, it will coincide completely with the tenth patch. If the ninth patch is rotated 180° clockwise about the first center line, it will coincide completely with the eleventh patch. If the ninth patch is rotated 270° clockwise about the first center line, it will coincide completely with the twelfth patch. If the ninth patch, the tenth patch, the eleventh patch, and the twelfth patch are all mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, they will coincide one-to-one with the thirteenth patch, the fourteenth patch, the fifteenth patch, and the sixteenth patch, respectively.The third group of metal patches includes eight rectangular metal patches, which are referred to as the seventeenth patch, the eighteenth patch, the nineteenth patch, the twentieth patch, the twenty-first patch, the twenty-second patch, the twenty-third patch and the twenty-fourth patch respectively. The seventeenth patch, the eighteenth patch, the nineteenth patch and the twentieth patch are attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the twenty-first patch, the twenty-second patch, the twenty-third patch and the twenty-fourth patch are attached to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate. The seventeenth patch is located outside the ninth patch and has one edge completely coinciding with the lower bottom of the ninth patch. The seventeenth patch is symmetric about the plane of the diagonal surface formed by the left front corner to the right rear corner of the first dielectric substrate. If the seventeenth patch is rotated 90° clockwise about the first center line, it will completely coincide with the eighteenth patch. If the seventeenth patch is rotated 180° clockwise about the first center line, it will completely coincide with the nineteenth patch. If the seventeenth patch is rotated 270° clockwise about the first center line, it will completely coincide with the twentieth patch. If the seventeenth patch, the eighteenth patch, the nineteenth patch and the twentieth patch are all mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, they will coincide with the twenty-first patch, the twenty-second patch, the twenty-third patch and the twenty-fourth patch respectively.

[0010] The metal reflection cavity structure comprises a metal reflection wall, four first metal reflection plates and four second metal reflection plates. The metal reflection wall is formed by opening a cuboid cavity through the metal cuboid block in the up-down direction. The metal cuboid block is called the first metal cuboid block. The length direction of the first metal cuboid block is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, the thickness direction is along the up-down direction, and the length is equal to the width. The length direction of the cuboid cavity is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, the thickness direction is along the up-down direction, and the length is equal to the width. The center line of the cuboid cavity in the up-down direction coincides with the center line of the first metal cuboid block in the up-down direction. The length of the cuboid cavity is less than the length of the first metal cuboid block. The thickness of the cuboid cavity is equal to the thickness of the first metal cuboid block. The first metal cuboid block is located below the first dielectric substrate. The center line of the first metal cuboid block in the up-down direction coincides with the first center line. The length of the first dielectric substrate is less than the length of the cuboid cavity. The width of the first dielectric substrate is less than the width of the cuboid cavity.The shape of each first metal reflecting plate is a cuboid, and the length direction is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction. The length of each first metal reflecting plate is equal to its width, and the thickness of each first metal reflecting plate is smaller than the thickness of the cuboid chamber, and twice the length of each first metal reflecting plate is smaller than the length of the cuboid chamber. The four first metal reflecting plates are fixedly arranged inside the cuboid chamber. The front end surface of the first first metal reflecting plate is located on the same plane as the front end surface of the cuboid chamber, the left end surface of the first first metal reflecting plate is located on the same plane as the left end surface of the cuboid chamber, and the lower end surface of the first first metal reflecting plate is located on the same plane as the lower end surface of the cuboid chamber. The first first metal reflecting plate and the second first metal reflecting plate are left-right symmetrical about the second symmetry plane, the second first metal reflecting plate and the third first metal reflecting plate are front-back symmetrical about the first symmetry plane, and the first first metal reflecting plate and the fourth first metal reflecting plate are front-back symmetrical about the first symmetry plane. The shape of each second metal reflecting plate is a cuboid, and the four second metal reflecting plates are fixedly arranged inside the cuboid chamber. The first second metal reflecting plate is located between the first first metal reflecting plate and the second first metal reflecting plate. The length direction of the first second metal reflecting plate is along the front-back direction, the width direction of the first second metal reflecting plate is along the left-right direction, and the thickness direction of the first second metal reflecting plate is along the up-down direction. The front end surface of the first second metal reflecting plate is located on the same plane as the front end surface of the cuboid chamber, the rear end surface of the first second metal reflecting plate is located on the same plane as the rear end surface of the first first metal reflecting plate, the upper end surface of the first second metal reflecting plate is located on the same plane as the upper end surface of the first first metal reflecting plate, and the lower end surface of the first second metal reflecting plate is located on the same plane as the lower end surface of the first first metal reflecting plate. The first second metal reflecting plate is left-right symmetrical about the second symmetry plane, and the width of the first second metal reflecting plate and twice the length of the first first metal reflecting plate are smaller than the length of the cuboid chamber. If the first second metal reflecting plate is rotated clockwise by 90 degrees around the first center line, it will completely coincide with the second second metal reflecting plate. If the first second metal reflecting plate is rotated counterclockwise by 90 degrees around the first center line, it will completely coincide with the fourth second metal reflecting plate. The first second metal reflecting plate and the third second metal reflecting plate are front-back symmetrical about the first symmetry plane.The gap between the first block of the first metal reflecting plate and the first block of the second metal reflecting plate is fixedly provided with a first second fluid channel, and the first second fluid channel is realized by opening a cavity for filling liquid metal in a cuboid block of Watershed material, which is referred to as a first cuboid block. The length direction of the first cuboid block is along the front-back direction, the width direction is along the left-right direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction. The front end face of the first cuboid block is located in the same plane as the front end face of the cuboid chamber. The upper end face of the first cuboid block is located in the same plane as the upper end face of the cuboid chamber. The lower end face of the first cuboid block is located in the same plane as the lower end face of the cuboid chamber. The left end face of the first cuboid block is in a state of adhesion with the right end face of the first block of the first metal reflecting plate. The right end face of the first cuboid block is in a state of adhesion with the left end face of the first block of the second metal reflecting plate. The length of the first cuboid block is less than the length of the first block of the first metal reflecting plate. The gap between the first block of the second metal reflecting plate and the second block of the first metal reflecting plate is fixedly provided with a second second fluid channel, and the second second fluid channel is realized by setting an outer layer of Watershed material outside a cuboid metal block, which is referred to as a second cuboid metal block. The first cuboid block can completely coincide with the second cuboid metal block after being translated to the right. The outer layer wraps the part of the second cuboid metal block above the plane where the upper end face of the second block of the first metal reflecting plate is located, and a gap for filling liquid metal is formed between them.A third second fluid channel is arranged at the gap between the second first metal reflecting plate and the second second metal reflecting plate, a fourth second fluid channel is arranged at the gap between the second second metal reflecting plate and the third first metal reflecting plate, a fifth second fluid channel is arranged at the gap between the third first metal reflecting plate and the third second metal reflecting plate, a sixth second fluid channel is arranged at the gap between the third second metal reflecting plate and the fourth first metal reflecting plate, a seventh second fluid channel is arranged at the gap between the fourth second metal reflecting plate and the fourth first metal reflecting plate, and an eighth second fluid channel is arranged at the gap between the first first metal reflecting plate and the fourth second metal reflecting plate, the first second metal reflecting plate, the first second fluid channel and the second second fluid channel are taken as a first combined structure, the second second metal reflecting plate, the third second fluid channel and the fourth second fluid channel are taken as a second combined structure, the third second metal reflecting plate, the fifth second fluid channel and the sixth second fluid channel are taken as a third combined structure, and the fourth second metal reflecting plate, the seventh second fluid channel and the eighth second fluid channel are taken as a fourth combined structure, the first combined structure is completely coincident with the second combined structure if it is rotated by 90 degrees clockwise around the first center line, the first combined structure is completely coincident with the fourth combined structure if it is rotated by 90 degrees counterclockwise around the first center line, and the first combined structure is completely coincident with the third combined structure if it is rotated by 180 degrees clockwise around the first center line.

[0011] The liquid metal-based polarized reconfigurable wideband cross-dipole antenna further comprises a second dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate is located below the metal reflecting cavity structure, the length direction of the second dielectric substrate is along the left-right direction, the width direction of the second dielectric substrate is along the front-back direction, and the thickness direction of the second dielectric substrate is along the up-down direction, the front end face of the second dielectric substrate is located in the same plane as the front end face of the first dielectric substrate, the rear end face of the second dielectric substrate is located in the same plane as the rear end face of the first dielectric substrate, the left end face of the second dielectric substrate is located in the same plane as the left end face of the first dielectric substrate, the right end face of the second dielectric substrate is located in the same plane as the right end face of the first dielectric substrate, the upper end face of the second dielectric substrate is printed with a metal ground, the metal ground completely covers the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate, and the metal ground is attached to the lower end face of the first metal cuboid block.

[0012] The liquid metal-based polarizable reconfigurable wideband cross-dipole antenna further comprises a coaxial cable, the coaxial cable sequentially penetrates the center of the second dielectric substrate, the center of the third connecting sheet, the center of the first dielectric substrate and the center of the first connecting sheet, the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is connected with the first circular ring sheet, the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is connected with the second circular ring sheet, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is welded on the second dielectric substrate.

[0013] The first fluid channel is formed by arranging an outer layer on the outer side of the second connecting sheet, the gap between the outer layer and the second connecting sheet is filled with liquid metal, the second fluid channel is arranged inside the first circular ring sheet and formed by arranging a cavity for filling liquid metal inside a first sheet body made of Watershed, if the second connecting sheet is rotated by 90 degrees clockwise around the first center line, the second connecting sheet will completely coincide with the first sheet body, the third fluid channel is formed by arranging an outer layer on the outer side of the fourth connecting sheet, the gap between the outer layer and the fourth connecting sheet is filled with liquid metal, and the fourth fluid channel is arranged inside the second circular ring sheet and formed by arranging a cavity for filling liquid metal inside a second sheet body made of Watershed, if the fourth connecting sheet is rotated by 90 degrees clockwise around the first center line, the fourth connecting sheet will completely coincide with the second sheet body.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present application are that the wideband cross-dipole antenna is composed of a cross-dipole, a parasitic patch structure and a metal reflection cavity structure, four first fluid channels are loaded on the cross-dipole, by filling liquid metal into different first fluid channels, left-handed circular polarization or right-handed circular polarization of the wideband cross-dipole antenna can be realized, the parasitic patch structure can be coupled with the cross-dipole to lengthen the current path on the cross-dipole, thereby exciting new resonance points to widen the bandwidth, the metal reflection cavity structure has eight second fluid channels, after filling liquid metal into the eight second fluid channels, a vertical reflection plate is formed, which can be coupled with the cross-dipole to make the bandwidth of the wideband cross-dipole antenna deviate to a lower frequency band, expand the impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth of the wideband cross-dipole antenna, and improve the directional radiation capability of the wideband cross-dipole antenna, thereby the gain performance of the wideband cross-dipole antenna is significantly improved, so that the present application has a large bandwidth and high gain while realizing polarization reconfiguration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1This is an exploded view of the polarization-reconfigurable broadband cross dipole antenna based on liquid metal according to the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the polarization-reconfigurable broadband cross dipole antenna based on liquid metal of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a side view of the polarization-reconfigurable broadband cross dipole antenna based on liquid metal according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a top view of the cross dipole of the polarization-reconfigurable broadband cross dipole antenna based on liquid metal according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a top view of the metal reflector cavity structure of the polarization-reconfigurable broadband cross dipole antenna based on liquid metal according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 6 The present invention relates to a polarization-reconfigurable broadband cross-dipole antenna based on liquid metal. S 11 |Simulation diagram of shaft ratio;

[0021] Figure 7 The figure shows the efficiency and gain simulation of the polarization reconfigurable broadband cross dipole antenna based on liquid metal according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] Example 1: As Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a broadband cross-dipole antenna with reconfigurable polarization based on liquid metal includes a cross-dipole, a parasitic patch structure, and a metal reflector structure 3. Four first fluid channels are loaded at the cross-dipole. By filling different of the four first fluid channels with liquid metal, the broadband cross-dipole antenna can achieve left-hand circular polarization or right-hand circular polarization. The parasitic patch structure is used to couple with the cross-dipole, extending the current path on the cross-dipole and thus exciting new resonant points to broaden the bandwidth. The metal reflector structure 3 has eight second fluid channels. By filling the eight second fluid channels with liquid metal to form a vertical reflector, it couples with the cross-dipole, causing the bandwidth of the broadband cross-dipole antenna to be biased towards a lower frequency band. This expands the impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth of the broadband cross-dipole antenna and improves its directional radiation capability, thereby significantly enhancing the gain performance of the broadband cross-dipole antenna.

[0024] Example 2: This example is basically the same as Example 1, except that:Figure 3As shown, in the embodiment, the liquid metal-based polarizable reconfigurable broadband cross-dipole antenna further comprises a first dielectric substrate 4, which is cuboid in shape. The length direction of the first dielectric substrate 4 is taken as the left-right direction, the width direction is taken as the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is taken as the up-down direction. The length of the first dielectric substrate 4 is equal to its width. The straight line where the center line of the first dielectric substrate 4 in the up-down direction is located is referred to as the first center line. The plane that makes the first dielectric substrate 4 front-back symmetric is referred to as the first symmetric plane, and the plane that makes the first dielectric substrate 4 left-right symmetric is referred to as the second symmetric plane. The cross-dipole includes four metal radiation patches, two circular ring metal sheets, and four metal connecting sheets. The four metal radiation patches are respectively referred to as the first radiation patch 5, the second radiation patch 6, the third radiation patch 7, and the fourth radiation patch 8. The two circular ring metal sheets are respectively referred to as the first circular ring sheet 9 and the second circular ring sheet. The four metal connecting sheets are respectively referred to as the first connecting sheet 10, the second connecting sheet 11, the third connecting sheet, and the fourth connecting sheet 13. The first circular ring sheet 9 is attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 4, and the center of the first circular ring sheet 9 is located on the first center line. The first radiation patch 5 and the second radiation patch 6 are both attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 4, and if the first radiation patch 5 is rotated 90° in the clockwise direction with the first center line as the axis, it will completely coincide with the second radiation patch 6. The first radiation patch 5 includes an isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 51 and two metal filling sheets 52. The upper base and the lower base of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 51 both extend along the front-back direction, and the upper base is located to the right of the lower base. The upper base of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 51 is tangent to the outer circumference of the first circular ring sheet 9. The two metal filling sheets 52 are located between the upper base of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 51 and the first circular ring sheet 9, and are distributed on the front and back sides of the tangent position of the upper base of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 51 and the first circular ring sheet 9. If the two waists of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 51 extend to the first circular ring sheet 9 and intersect with the first circular ring sheet 9, at this time, the extension of the two waists of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 51, the upper base of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 51, and the outer circumference of the first circular ring sheet 9 will enclose two areas. The two metal filling sheets 52 are located in the two areas one by one and completely fill the two areas.The first radiation patch 5 is symmetrical about the front and back with respect to the first symmetry plane, the second radiation patch 6 is symmetrical about the left and right with respect to the second symmetry plane, one of the two equal sides of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 51 of the first radiation patch 5 located on the front side of the first symmetry plane is called the front side 511, one of the two equal sides of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 61 of the second radiation patch 6 located on the left side of the second symmetry plane is called the left side 611, if the front side 511 of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 51 of the first radiation patch 5 extends to the first circular ring patch 9 and intersects with the first circular ring patch 9, the intersection is called the first intersection, if the left side 611 of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 61 of the second radiation patch 6 extends to the first circular ring patch 9 and intersects with the first circular ring patch 9, the intersection is called the second intersection, a part of the first circular ring patch 9 from the first intersection to the second intersection in the clockwise direction is cut off to form the first notch 14; the third radiation patch 7 and the fourth radiation patch 8 are attached to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 4, if the first radiation patch 5 is rotated 180° in the clockwise direction with the first center line as the axis and then mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 4, it will completely coincide with the third radiation patch 7, if the third radiation patch 7 is rotated 90° in the clockwise direction with the first center line as the axis, it will completely coincide with the fourth radiation patch 8; the second circular ring patch is attached to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 4, if the first circular ring patch 9 is mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 4, it will completely coincide with the second circular ring patch, a second notch is provided on the second circular ring patch, if the first notch 14 is rotated 180° in the clockwise direction with the first center line as the axis and then mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 4, it will completely coincide with the second notch; the first connecting patch 10 and the second connecting patch 11 are both attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 4 and located inside the first circular ring patch 9, the first connecting patch 10 is a square and the center thereof coincides with the center of the first circular ring patch 9, adjacent two sides of the first connecting patch 10 extend in the left-right direction and the front-back direction respectively, the side length of the first connecting patch 10 is equal to the upper base length of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch of the first radiation patch 5, the second connecting patch 11 is located on the left side of the first connecting patch 10, if both of the two opposite sides of the first connecting patch 10 extending in the left-right direction are extended to the left side to intersect with the first circular ring patch 9, at this time, the extension lines of the two opposite sides of the first connecting patch 10 extending in the left-right direction, the inner circumference of the first circular ring patch 9 and the left side of the first connecting patch 10 will enclose an area, the second connecting patch 11 is located inside the area and completely fills the area; the third connecting patch and the fourth connecting patch 13 are both attached to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 4, if the first connecting patch 10 is mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 4, it will completely coincide with the third connecting patch, if the second connecting patch 11 is rotated 180° in the clockwise direction with the first center line as the axis and then mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 4, it will completely coincide with the fourth connecting patch 13.

[0025] Embodiment three: this embodiment is basically the same as embodiment two, the difference is that:Figure 3As shown, in the embodiment, the parasitic patch structure includes three groups of metal patches, which are referred to as the first group of metal patches, the second group of metal patches and the third group of metal patches respectively; the first group of metal patches includes 8 metal patches each in the shape of isosceles trapezoid, which are referred to as the first patch 15, the second patch 16, the third patch 17, the fourth patch 18, the fifth patch, the sixth patch, the seventh patch and the eighth patch respectively; the first patch 15, the second patch 16, the third patch 17 and the fourth patch 18 are attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 4, and the fifth patch, the sixth patch, the seventh patch and the eighth patch are attached to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 4; the first patch 15 is located on the left side of the first radiating patch 5, and both the upper base and the lower base thereof extend along the front-rear direction; the lower base of the first patch 15 is located on the right side of the upper base thereof; the first patch 15 has a distance between the upper base thereof and the plane where the left end surface of the first dielectric substrate 4 is located; the first patch 15 is front-rear symmetric about the first symmetry plane; if the first patch 15 is rotated 90° along the clockwise direction with the first center line as the axis, it will coincide with the second patch 16 completely; if the first patch 15 is rotated 180° along the clockwise direction with the first center line as the axis, it will coincide with the third patch 17 completely; if the first patch 15 is rotated 270° along the clockwise direction with the first center line as the axis, it will coincide with the fourth patch 18 completely; if the first patch 15, the second patch 16, the third patch 17 and the fourth patch 18 are all mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 4, they will coincide with the fifth patch, the sixth patch, the seventh patch and the eighth patch one by one respectively.The second group of metal patches includes eight metal patches each in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, which are referred to as the ninth patch 19, the tenth patch 20, the eleventh patch 21, the twelfth patch 22, the thirteenth patch, the fourteenth patch, the fifteenth patch, and the sixteenth patch. The ninth patch 19, the tenth patch 20, the eleventh patch 21, and the twelfth patch 22 are each attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 4, and the thirteenth patch, the fourteenth patch, the fifteenth patch, and the sixteenth patch are each attached to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 4. The ninth patch 19 is located between the first radiating patch 5 and the second radiating patch 6 and does not contact either of the first radiating patch 5 and the second radiating patch 6. The ninth patch 19 is symmetrical about the plane of the diagonal surface formed by the left front corner to the right rear corner of the first dielectric substrate 4. The upper base of the ninth patch 19 is closer to the first circular patch 9 than the lower base. If the ninth patch 19 is rotated 90° clockwise about the first center line, it will coincide completely with the tenth patch 20. If the ninth patch 19 is rotated 180° clockwise about the first center line, it will coincide completely with the eleventh patch 21. If the ninth patch 19 is rotated 270° clockwise about the first center line, it will coincide completely with the twelfth patch 22. If the ninth patch 19, the tenth patch 20, the eleventh patch 21, and the twelfth patch 22 are each mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 4, they will coincide one-to-one with the thirteenth patch, the fourteenth patch, the fifteenth patch, and the sixteenth patch, respectively. The third group of metal patches includes eight metal patches each in the shape of a rectangle, which are referred to as the seventeenth patch 23, the eighteenth patch 24, the nineteenth patch 25, the twentieth patch 26, the twenty-first patch, the twenty-second patch, the twenty-third patch, and the twenty-fourth patch. The seventeenth patch 23, the eighteenth patch 24, the nineteenth patch 25, and the twentieth patch 26 are each attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 4, and the twenty-first patch, the twenty-second patch, the twenty-third patch, and the twenty-fourth patch are each attached to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 4. The seventeenth patch 23 is located outside the ninth patch 19 and has one edge that coincides completely with the lower base of the ninth patch 19. The seventeenth patch 23 is symmetrical about the plane of the diagonal surface formed by the left front corner to the right rear corner of the first dielectric substrate 4. If the seventeenth patch 23 is rotated 90° clockwise about the first center line, it will coincide completely with the eighteenth patch 24. If the seventeenth patch 23 is rotated 180° clockwise about the first center line, it will coincide completely with the nineteenth patch 25. If the seventeenth patch 23 is rotated 270° clockwise about the first center line, it will coincide completely with the twentieth patch 26. If the seventeenth patch 23, the eighteenth patch 24, the nineteenth patch 25, and the twentieth patch 26 are each mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 4, they will coincide one-to-one with the twenty-first patch, the twenty-second patch, the twenty-third patch, and the twenty-fourth patch, respectively.

[0026] Example Four: This example is essentially the same as Example Three except that: Figure 4As shown, in the embodiment, the metal reflection cavity structure 3 comprises a metal reflection wall, 4 first metal reflection plates and 4 second metal reflection plates. The metal reflection wall is formed by opening a cuboid cavity 28 through the metal cuboid block in the up-down direction. The metal cuboid block is referred to as the first metal cuboid block 27. The length direction of the first metal cuboid block 27 is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, the thickness direction is along the up-down direction, and the length is equal to the width. The length direction of the cuboid cavity 28 is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, the thickness direction is along the up-down direction, and the length is equal to the width. The center line of the cuboid cavity 28 along the up-down direction coincides with the center line of the first metal cuboid block 27 along the up-down direction. The length of the cuboid cavity 28 is less than the length of the first metal cuboid block 27. The thickness of the cuboid cavity 28 is equal to the thickness of the first metal cuboid block 27. The first metal cuboid block 27 is located below the first dielectric substrate 4. The center line of the first metal cuboid block 27 along the up-down direction coincides with the first center line. The length of the first dielectric substrate 4 is less than the length of the cuboid cavity 28. The width of the first dielectric substrate 4 is less than the width of the cuboid cavity 28.The shape of each first metal reflecting plate is a cuboid, and the length direction is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction. The length of each first metal reflecting plate is equal to its width, and the thickness is smaller than the thickness of the cuboid chamber 28, and twice the length is smaller than the length of the cuboid chamber 28. The four first metal reflecting plates are fixedly arranged inside the cuboid chamber 28. The front end face of the first first metal reflecting plate 29 is located in the same plane as the front end face of the cuboid chamber 28, the left end face of the first first metal reflecting plate 29 is located in the same plane as the left end face of the cuboid chamber 28, and the lower end face of the first first metal reflecting plate 29 is located in the same plane as the lower end face of the cuboid chamber 28. The first first metal reflecting plate 29 and the second first metal reflecting plate 30 are left-right symmetrical about the second symmetry plane. The second first metal reflecting plate 30 and the third first metal reflecting plate 31 are front-back symmetrical about the first symmetry plane. The first first metal reflecting plate 29 and the fourth first metal reflecting plate 32 are front-back symmetrical about the first symmetry plane. The shape of each second metal reflecting plate is a cuboid, and the four second metal reflecting plates are fixedly arranged inside the cuboid chamber 28. The first second metal reflecting plate 33 is located between the first first metal reflecting plate 29 and the second first metal reflecting plate 30. The length direction of the first second metal reflecting plate 33 is along the front-back direction, the width direction is along the left-right direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction. The front end face of the first second metal reflecting plate 33 is located in the same plane as the front end face of the cuboid chamber 28, the rear end face of the first second metal reflecting plate 33 is located in the same plane as the rear end face of the first first metal reflecting plate 29, the upper end face of the first second metal reflecting plate 33 is located in the same plane as the upper end face of the first first metal reflecting plate 29, and the lower end face of the first second metal reflecting plate 33 is located in the same plane as the lower end face of the first first metal reflecting plate 29. The first second metal reflecting plate 33 is left-right symmetrical about the second symmetry plane. The sum of the width of the first second metal reflecting plate 33 and twice the length of the first first metal reflecting plate 29 is smaller than the length of the cuboid chamber 28. If the first second metal reflecting plate 33 rotates 90 degrees clockwise about the first center line, it will completely coincide with the second second metal reflecting plate 34. If the first second metal reflecting plate 33 rotates 90 degrees counterclockwise about the first center line, it will completely coincide with the fourth second metal reflecting plate 36. The first second metal reflecting plate 33 and the third second metal reflecting plate 35 are front-back symmetrical about the first symmetry plane.The first second fluid channel 37 is fixedly arranged at the gap between the first block of the first metal reflecting plate 29 and the first block of the second metal reflecting plate 33, and the first second fluid channel 37 is realized by opening a cavity for filling liquid metal inside a cuboid block made of Watershed, which is referred to as a first cuboid block. The length direction of the first cuboid block is along the front-back direction, the width direction is along the left-right direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction. The front end surface of the first cuboid block is located in the same plane as the front end surface of the cuboid chamber 28, the upper end surface of the first cuboid block is located in the same plane as the upper end surface of the cuboid chamber 28, the lower end surface of the first cuboid block is located in the same plane as the lower end surface of the cuboid chamber 28, the left end surface of the first cuboid block is in a state of adhesion with the right end surface of the first block of the first metal reflecting plate 29, and the right end surface of the first cuboid block is in a state of adhesion with the left end surface of the first block of the second metal reflecting plate 33. The length of the first cuboid block is less than the length of the first block of the first metal reflecting plate 29. The second second fluid channel 38 is fixedly arranged at the gap between the first block of the second metal reflecting plate 33 and the second block of the first metal reflecting plate 30, and the second second fluid channel 38 is realized by arranging an outer layer made of Watershed outside a cuboid metal block, which is referred to as a second cuboid metal block. The first cuboid block can completely coincide with the second cuboid metal block after being translated to the right. The outer layer wraps the part of the second cuboid metal block above the plane where the upper end surface of the second block of the first metal reflecting plate 30 is located, and a gap for filling liquid metal is formed between the outer layer and the second cuboid metal block.A third second fluid channel 39 is provided in the gap between the second first metal reflector 30 and the second second metal reflector 34; a fourth second fluid channel 40 is provided in the gap between the second second metal reflector 34 and the third first metal reflector 31; a fifth second fluid channel 41 is provided in the gap between the third first metal reflector 31 and the third second metal reflector 35; a sixth second fluid channel 42 is provided in the gap between the third second metal reflector 35 and the fourth first metal reflector 32; a seventh second fluid channel 43 is provided in the gap between the fourth second metal reflector 36 and the fourth first metal reflector 32; and an eighth second fluid channel 44 is provided in the gap between the first first metal reflector 29 and the fourth second metal reflector 36. The first second metal reflector 33, the first second fluid channel 37, and the second second fluid channel 38 are considered as the... A combined structure is provided, comprising a second combined structure consisting of a second metal reflector 34, a third second fluid channel 39, and a fourth second fluid channel 40; a third combined structure consisting of a third second metal reflector 35, a fifth second fluid channel 41, and a sixth second fluid channel 42; and a fourth combined structure consisting of a fourth second metal reflector 36, a seventh second fluid channel 43, and an eighth second fluid channel 44. If the first combined structure is rotated 90 degrees clockwise around the first center line, it will completely coincide with the second combined structure; if the first combined structure is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise around the first center line, it will completely coincide with the fourth combined structure; and if the first combined structure is rotated 180 degrees clockwise around the first center line, it will completely coincide with the third combined structure. The lower end face of the first dielectric substrate 4 is fixed to the upper end face of the eight second fluid channels, and the first dielectric substrate 4 is supported by the eight second fluid channels.

[0027] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 As shown, the polarization-reconfigurable broadband cross dipole antenna based on liquid metal also includes a second dielectric substrate 45. The second dielectric substrate 45 is located below the metal reflector structure 3. The length direction of the second dielectric substrate 45 is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is along the top-bottom direction. The front end face of the second dielectric substrate 45 is on the same plane as the front end face of the first dielectric substrate 4, the rear end face of the second dielectric substrate 45 is on the same plane as the rear end face of the first dielectric substrate 4, the left end face of the second dielectric substrate 45 is on the same plane as the left end face of the first dielectric substrate 4, and the right end face of the second dielectric substrate 45 is on the same plane as the right end face of the first dielectric substrate 4. A metal ground 46 is printed on the upper end face of the second dielectric substrate 45, which completely covers the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 45. The metal ground 46 is attached to the lower end face of the first metal cuboid block 27.

[0028] In the embodiment, the liquid metal based polarized reconfigurable broadband cross-dipole antenna further comprises a coaxial cable 47, which penetrates the center of the second dielectric substrate 45, the center of the third connecting sheet, the center of the first dielectric substrate 4 and the center of the first connecting sheet 10 in sequence, the inner conductor of the coaxial cable 47 is connected with the first circular ring sheet 9, the outer conductor of the coaxial cable 47 is connected with the second circular ring sheet, and meanwhile, the outer conductor of the coaxial cable 47 is welded on the second dielectric substrate 45.

[0029] In the embodiment, the first fluid channel K1 is realized by setting an outer layer on the outside of the second connecting sheet 11, the material of the outer layer is Watershed, and a gap for filling liquid metal is formed between the second connecting sheet 11; the second fluid channel K2 is set inside the first circular ring sheet 9, and is formed by setting a cavity for filling liquid metal inside a first sheet-shaped body with Watershed material, if the second connecting sheet 11 rotates 90 degrees clockwise around the first center line, it will completely coincide with the first sheet-shaped body; the third fluid channel K3 is realized by setting an outer layer on the outside of the fourth connecting sheet 13, the material of the outer layer is Watershed, and a gap for filling liquid metal is formed between the fourth connecting sheet 13; the fourth fluid channel K4 is set inside the second circular ring sheet, and is formed by setting a cavity for filling liquid metal inside a second sheet-shaped body with Watershed material, if the fourth connecting sheet 13 rotates 90 degrees clockwise around the first center line, it will completely coincide with the second sheet-shaped body.

[0030] In this embodiment, the first dielectric substrate 4 and the second dielectric substrate 45 are both FR4_epoxy boards with a dielectric constant of 4.4, and the size (length x width x thickness) is 100 mm x 100 mm x 0.8 mm. The size (length x width x thickness) of the first metal cuboid block 27 is 160 mm x 160 mm x 36.78 mm. The size (upper base x lower base x height x thickness) of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch of the first radiating patch 5 is 2.6 mm x 15 mm x 19.7 mm x 0.035 mm. The inner circle radius of the first circular ring patch 9 is 4.4 mm, and the outer circle radius is 4.8 mm. The length of the first connecting patch 10 is 2.6 mm, the width is 2.6 mm, and the thickness is 0.035 mm. The upper base of the first patch 15 is 10 mm, the lower base is 18 mm, the height is 12 mm, and the thickness is 0.035 mm. The upper base of the ninth patch 19 is 1 mm, the lower base is 19 mm, the two waists are 21 mm, and the thickness is 0.035 mm. The length of the seventeenth patch 23 is 19 mm, the width is 16 mm, and the thickness is 0.035 mm. The size (length x width x thickness) of the cuboid cavity 28 is 150 mm x 150 mm x 28.782 mm. The size (length x width x thickness) of each first metal reflecting plate is 50 mm x 50 mm x 8 mm. The size (length x width x thickness) of each second metal reflecting plate is 40 mm x 50 mm x 8 mm. The size (length x width x thickness) of the second fluid channel 37, the second fluid channel 39, the second fluid channel 41, and the second fluid channel 43 is 30 mm x 5 mm x 36.782 mm.

[0031] In this embodiment, the liquid metal-based polarization reconfigurable wideband cross-dipole antenna is excited by a coaxial feeding mode through the coaxial cable 47, and a 90° phase difference is realized between the part of the cross-dipole located on the upper end surface of the first dielectric substrate 4 and the part of the cross-dipole located on the lower end surface of the first dielectric substrate 4, so as to realize circular polarization. When the liquid metal is filled in the first fluid channel K1 and the third fluid channel K3, the surface current of the wideband cross-dipole antenna flows in the counterclockwise direction, that is, right-handed circular polarization. When the liquid metal is filled in the second fluid channel K2 and the fourth fluid channel K4, the surface current of the wideband cross-dipole antenna flows in the clockwise direction, that is, left-handed circular polarization. The eight second fluid channels are divided into two groups, the first group of second fluid channels includes the first second fluid channel 37, the third second fluid channel 39, the fifth second fluid channel 41 and the seventh second fluid channel 43, and the second group of second fluid channels includes the second second fluid channel 38, the fourth second fluid channel 40, the sixth second fluid channel 42 and the eighth second fluid channel 44. When the liquid metal is filled in the first group of second fluid channels, the first group of second fluid channels acts as a vertical reflector and produces a coupling effect with the cross-dipole, and the wideband cross-dipole antenna works in the LHCP state. When the liquid metal is filled in the second group of second fluid channels, the second group of second fluid channels acts as a vertical reflector and produces a coupling effect with the cross-dipole, and the wideband cross-dipole antenna works in the RHCP state.

[0032] To verify the performance of the liquid metal-based polarization reconfigurable wideband cross-dipole antenna of the present application, the software HFSS is used to design and simulate the liquid metal-based polarization reconfigurable wideband cross-dipole antenna of the present application. The efficiency and gain simulation results of the liquid metal-based polarization reconfigurable wideband cross-dipole antenna of the present application in the LHCP state and the RHCP state are shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, respectively. S 11 The axial ratio simulation results of the liquid metal-based polarization reconfigurable wideband cross-dipole antenna of the present application in the LHCP state and the RHCP state are shown in FIG. 8. Figure 6 The efficiency and gain simulation results of the liquid metal-based polarization reconfigurable wideband cross-dipole antenna of the present application in the LHCP state and the RHCP state are shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, respectively. Figure 7 Figure 6 and Figure 7 ​It can be known that the impedance bandwidth of the liquid metal based polarized reconfigurable wideband cross-dipole antenna of the application is 77.45% (1.25-2.83 GHz) when working in the LHCP state, the axial ratio bandwidth is 63.48% (1.43-2.76 GHz), and the gain peak value is 12.19 dBic; the impedance bandwidth of the liquid metal based polarized reconfigurable wideband cross-dipole antenna of the application is 78.34% (1.25-2.86 GHz) when working in the RHCP state, the axial ratio bandwidth is 63.18% (1.44-2.77 GHz), and the gain peak value is 12.19 dBic. It can be known that the liquid metal based polarized reconfigurable wideband cross-dipole antenna of the application has a larger bandwidth and a higher gain under different polarization states.

[0033] In conclusion, the liquid metal based polarized reconfigurable wideband cross-dipole antenna of the application realizes polarized reconfiguration by using liquid metal and has good circular polarization characteristics, not only successfully expands the impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth, but also ensures the performance of wideband and high gain.

Claims

1. A liquid metal based polar reconfigurable broadband cross-dipole antenna, characterized in that The application relates to a wideband cross-dipole antenna, which comprises a cross-dipole, a parasitic patch structure, a metal reflection cavity structure and a first dielectric substrate, the cross-dipole is loaded with four first fluid channels, the left-handed circular polarization or the right-handed circular polarization of the wideband cross-dipole antenna can be realized by filling liquid metal into different first fluid channels, the parasitic patch structure is used for coupling with the cross-dipole, the current path on the cross-dipole is lengthened, thereby exciting a new resonance point to widen the bandwidth, the metal reflection cavity structure has eight second fluid channels, the vertical reflection plate is formed after the eight second fluid channels are filled with liquid metal, the coupling effect is generated with the cross-dipole, the bandwidth of the wideband cross-dipole antenna is deviated to a lower frequency band, the impedance bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth of the wideband cross-dipole antenna are expanded, the directional radiation capacity of the wideband cross-dipole antenna is improved, thereby the gain performance of the wideband cross-dipole antenna is remarkably improved; the first dielectric substrate is in the shape of a cuboid, the length is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-rear direction, the thickness direction is along the up-down direction, and the length of the first dielectric substrate is equal to the width. The straight line along which the center line of the first medium substrate in the up-down direction lies is referred to as a first center line, a plane that makes the first medium substrate front-back symmetrical is referred to as a first symmetrical plane, and a plane that makes the first medium substrate left-right symmetrical is referred to as a second symmetrical plane; the metal reflection cavity structure comprises a metal reflection wall body, four first metal reflection plates and four second metal reflection plates, the metal reflection wall body is formed by opening a cuboid cavity that penetrates in the up-down direction on a metal cuboid block, the metal cuboid block is referred to as a first metal cuboid block, the length direction of the first metal cuboid block is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, the thickness direction is along the up-down direction, and the length thereof is equal to the width thereof, the length direction of the cuboid cavity is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, the thickness direction is along the up-down direction, and the length thereof is equal to the width thereof, the center line of the cuboid cavity in the up-down direction coincides with the center line of the first metal cuboid block in the up-down direction, the length of the cuboid cavity is less than the length of the first metal cuboid block, and the thickness of the cuboid cavity is equal to the thickness of the first metal cuboid block; the first metal cuboid block is located below the first medium substrate, the center line of the first metal cuboid block in the up-down direction coincides with the first center line, the length of the first medium substrate is less than the length of the cuboid cavity, and the width of the first medium substrate is less than the width of the cuboid cavity; each first metal reflection plate is in the shape of a cuboid, the length direction is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction, the length of each first metal reflection plate is equal to the width thereof, the thickness thereof is less than the thickness of the cuboid cavity, twice the length thereof is less than the length of the cuboid cavity, and the four first metal reflection plates are fixedly arranged inside the cuboid cavity; the front end face of the first first metal reflection plate is located in the same plane as the front end face of the cuboid cavity, the left end face is located in the same plane as the left end face of the cuboid cavity, and the lower end face is located in the same plane as the lower end face of the cuboid cavity; the first first metal reflection plate and the second first metal reflection plate are left-right symmetrical about the second symmetrical plane, the second first metal reflection plate and the third first metal reflection plate are front-back symmetrical about the first symmetrical plane, the first first metal reflection plate and the fourth first metal reflection plate are front-back symmetrical about the first symmetrical plane, each second metal reflection plate is in the shape of a cuboid, the four second metal reflection plates are fixedly arranged inside the cuboid cavity, the first second metal reflection plate is located between the first first metal reflection plate and the second first metal reflection plate, the length direction of the first second metal reflection plate is along the front-back direction, the width direction is along the left-right direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction; the front end face of the first second metal reflection plate is located in the same plane as the front end face of the cuboid cavity, the rear end face is located in the same plane as the rear end face of the first first metal reflection plate, the upper end face is located in the same plane as the upper end face of the first first metal reflection plate, and the lower end face is located in the same plane as the lower end face of the first first metal reflection plate.The first second metal reflecting plate is left-right symmetrical about the second symmetry plane, the width of the first second metal reflecting plate and the length of the first first metal reflecting plate are less than the length of the cuboid chamber, if the first second metal reflecting plate rotates 90 degrees clockwise around the first center line, it will completely coincide with the second second metal reflecting plate, if the first second metal reflecting plate rotates 90 degrees counterclockwise around the first center line, it will completely coincide with the fourth second metal reflecting plate, the first second metal reflecting plate and the third second metal reflecting plate are front-back symmetrical about the first symmetry plane; the first second fluid channel is fixedly arranged in the gap between the first first metal reflecting plate and the first second metal reflecting plate, the first second fluid channel is realized by opening a cavity for filling liquid metal in a cuboid block of Watershed material, the cuboid block is called the first cuboid block, the length direction of the first cuboid block is along the front-back direction, the width direction is along the left-right direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction; the front end face of the first cuboid block is located in the same plane as the front end face of the cuboid chamber, the upper end face is located in the same plane as the upper end face of the cuboid chamber, the lower end face is located in the same plane as the lower end face of the cuboid chamber, the left end face is in a state of adhesion with the right end face of the first first metal reflecting plate, and the right end face is in a state of adhesion with the left end face of the first second metal reflecting plate; the length of the first cuboid block is less than the length of the first first metal reflecting plate, the second second fluid channel is fixedly arranged in the gap between the first second metal reflecting plate and the second first metal reflecting plate, the second second fluid channel is realized by arranging an outer layer of Watershed material outside a cuboid metal block, the cuboid metal block is called the second cuboid metal block, the first cuboid block can completely coincide with the second cuboid metal block after being translated to the right, the outer layer wraps the part of the second cuboid metal block above the plane where the upper end face of the second first metal reflecting plate is located, and a gap for filling liquid metal is formed between the two.The gap between the first metal reflecting plate of the second block and the second metal reflecting plate of the second block is provided with a third second fluid channel, the gap between the second metal reflecting plate of the second block and the first metal reflecting plate of the third block is provided with a fourth second fluid channel, the gap between the first metal reflecting plate of the third block and the second metal reflecting plate of the third block is provided with a fifth second fluid channel, the gap between the second metal reflecting plate of the third block and the first metal reflecting plate of the fourth block is provided with a sixth second fluid channel, the gap between the second metal reflecting plate of the fourth block and the first metal reflecting plate of the fourth block is provided with a seventh second fluid channel, and the gap between the first metal reflecting plate of the first block and the second metal reflecting plate of the fourth block is provided with an eighth second fluid channel. The first second metal reflecting plate, the first second fluid channel and the second second fluid channel are taken as a first combined structure, the second second metal reflecting plate, the third second fluid channel and the fourth second fluid channel are taken as a second combined structure, the third second metal reflecting plate, the fifth second fluid channel and the sixth second fluid channel are taken as a third combined structure, and the fourth second metal reflecting plate, the seventh second fluid channel and the eighth second fluid channel are taken as a fourth combined structure. If the first combined structure is rotated by 90 degrees clockwise around the first center line, it will be completely coincident with the second combined structure. If the first combined structure is rotated by 90 degrees counterclockwise around the first center line, it will be completely coincident with the fourth combined structure. If the first combined structure is rotated by 180 degrees clockwise around the first center line, it will be completely coincident with the third combined structure. The lower end surface of the first dielectric substrate is fixed on the upper end surfaces of the eight second fluid channels, and the first dielectric substrate is supported by the eight second fluid channels. The eight second fluid channels are divided into two groups, the first second fluid channel, the third second fluid channel, the fifth second fluid channel and the seventh second fluid channel are the first group of second fluid channels, and the second second fluid channel, the fourth second fluid channel, the sixth second fluid channel and the eighth second fluid channel are the second group of second fluid channels. When the first group of second fluid channels is filled with liquid metal, the first group of second fluid channels acts as a vertical reflecting plate and produces a coupling effect with a cross dipole. At this time, the wideband cross dipole antenna works in the LHCP state. When the second group of second fluid channels is filled with liquid metal, the second group of second fluid channels acts as a vertical reflecting plate and produces a coupling effect with a cross dipole. The wideband cross dipole antenna works in the RHCP state.

2. The liquid metal based polar reconfigurable wideband cross-dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The cross dipole includes four metal radiation patches, two circular ring metal sheets and four metal connecting sheets, the four metal radiation patches are respectively referred to as a first radiation patch, a second radiation patch, a third radiation patch and a fourth radiation patch, the two circular ring metal sheets are respectively referred to as a first circular ring sheet and a second circular ring sheet, and the four metal connecting sheets are respectively referred to as a first connecting sheet, a second connecting sheet, a third connecting sheet and a fourth connecting sheet; the first circular ring sheet is attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the center of the first circular ring sheet is located on the first center line; the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch are both attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and if the first radiation patch is rotated 90 degrees in the clockwise direction about the first center line, the first radiation patch will completely coincide with the second radiation patch; the first radiation patch includes an isosceles trapezoidal metal patch and two metal filling sheets, the upper base and the lower base of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch both extend in the front-back direction, and the upper base is located to the right of the lower base; the upper base of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is circumscribed with the outer circumference of the first circular ring sheet, the two metal filling sheets are located between the upper base of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch and the first circular ring sheet, and are distributed on the front and back sides of the tangent position of the upper base of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch and the first circular ring sheet; if the two waists of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch extend to the first circular ring sheet and intersect with the first circular ring sheet, at this time, the extension of the two waists of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch, the upper base of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch and the outer circumference of the first circular ring sheet will enclose two regions, and the two metal filling sheets are located in the two regions one by one and completely fill the two regions; the first radiation patch is front-back symmetric about the first symmetry plane, the second radiation patch is left-right symmetric about the second symmetry plane, one waist of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch of the first radiation patch located in the front side of the first symmetry plane is referred to as a front waist, and one waist of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch of the second radiation patch located in the left side of the second symmetry plane is referred to as a left waist; if the front waist of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch of the first radiation patch extends to the first circular ring sheet and intersects with the first circular ring sheet, the intersection is referred to as a first intersection, and if the left waist of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch of the second radiation patch extends to the first circular ring sheet and intersects with the first circular ring sheet, the intersection is referred to as a second intersection; a part of the first circular ring sheet from the first intersection to the second intersection is cut off to form a first notch; The third radiation patch and the fourth radiation patch are attached to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, and if the first radiation patch is rotated 180° clockwise about the first center line and then mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, the first radiation patch will completely coincide with the third radiation patch, and if the third radiation patch is rotated 90° clockwise about the first center line, the third radiation patch will completely coincide with the fourth radiation patch; the second circular patch is attached to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, and if the first circular patch is mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, the first circular patch will completely coincide with the second circular patch, and the second circular patch has a second notch, and if the first notch is rotated 180° clockwise about the first center line and then mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, the first notch will completely coincide with the second notch; the first connecting patch and the second connecting patch are both attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate and located inside the first circular patch, the first connecting patch is square-shaped, and the center of the first connecting patch coincides with the center of the first circular patch, adjacent two sides of the first connecting patch extend in the left-right direction and the front-back direction respectively, the side length of the first connecting patch is equal to the upper base length of the isosceles trapezoidal metal patch of the first radiation patch, the second connecting patch is located to the left of the first connecting patch, and if both of the two opposite sides of the first connecting patch extending in the left-right direction are extended to the left side to intersect with the first circular patch, at this time, the extension lines of the two opposite sides of the first connecting patch extending in the left-right direction, the inner circumference of the first circular patch, and the left side of the first connecting patch will enclose an area, and the second connecting patch is located inside the area and completely fills the area; the third connecting patch and the fourth connecting patch are both attached to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, and if the first connecting patch is mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, the first connecting patch will completely coincide with the third connecting patch, and if the second connecting patch is rotated 180° clockwise about the first center line and then mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, the second connecting patch will completely coincide with the fourth connecting patch.

3. The liquid metal based polar reconfigurable wideband cross-dipole antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that The parasitic patch structure comprises three groups of metal patches, which are referred to as the first group of metal patches, the second group of metal patches and the third group of metal patches; the first group of metal patches comprises eight metal patches in the shape of isosceles trapezoids, which are referred to as the first patch, the second patch, the third patch, the fourth patch, the fifth patch, the sixth patch, the seventh patch and the eighth patch; the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch are attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the fifth patch, the sixth patch, the seventh patch and the eighth patch are attached to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate; the first patch is located on the left side of the first radiation patch, and both the upper base and the lower base thereof extend along the front-rear direction; the lower base of the first patch is located on the right side of the upper base thereof; the upper base of the first patch is a distance away from the plane in which the left end face of the first dielectric substrate lies; the first patch is front-rear symmetric about the first symmetry plane; if the first patch is rotated 90° clockwise about the first center line, it will coincide completely with the second patch; if the first patch is rotated 180° clockwise about the first center line, it will coincide completely with the third patch; if the first patch is rotated 270° clockwise about the first center line, it will coincide completely with the fourth patch; if the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch are all mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, they will coincide one by one with the fifth patch, the sixth patch, the seventh patch and the eighth patch respectively; the second group of metal patches comprises eight metal patches in the shape of isosceles trapezoids, which are referred to as the ninth patch, the tenth patch, the eleventh patch, the twelfth patch, the thirteenth patch, the fourteenth patch, the fifteenth patch and the sixteenth patch; the ninth patch, the tenth patch, the eleventh patch and the twelfth patch are all attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the thirteenth patch, the fourteenth patch, the fifteenth patch and the sixteenth patch are all attached to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate; the ninth patch is located between the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch, and does not contact either of them; the ninth patch is symmetric about the diagonal plane of the first dielectric substrate; the upper base of the ninth patch is closer to the first circular patch than the lower base thereof; if the ninth patch is rotated 90° clockwise about the first center line, it will coincide completely with the tenth patch; if the ninth patch is rotated 180° clockwise about the first center line, it will coincide completely with the eleventh patch; if the ninth patch is rotated 270° clockwise about the first center line, it will coincide completely with the twelfth patch; if the ninth patch, the tenth patch, the eleventh patch and the twelfth patch are all mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, they will coincide one by one with the thirteenth patch, the fourteenth patch, the fifteenth patch and the sixteenth patch respectively;The third group of metal patches includes eight rectangular metal patches, which are referred to as the seventeenth patch, the eighteenth patch, the nineteenth patch, the twentieth patch, the twenty-first patch, the twenty-second patch, the twenty-third patch and the twenty-fourth patch respectively. The seventeenth patch, the eighteenth patch, the nineteenth patch and the twentieth patch are attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the twenty-first patch, the twenty-second patch, the twenty-third patch and the twenty-fourth patch are attached to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate. The seventeenth patch is located outside the ninth patch and has one edge completely coinciding with the lower bottom of the ninth patch. The seventeenth patch is symmetric about the plane of the diagonal surface formed by the left front corner to the right rear corner of the first dielectric substrate. If the seventeenth patch is rotated 90° clockwise about the first center line, it will completely coincide with the eighteenth patch. If the seventeenth patch is rotated 180° clockwise about the first center line, it will completely coincide with the nineteenth patch. If the seventeenth patch is rotated 270° clockwise about the first center line, it will completely coincide with the twentieth patch. If the seventeenth patch, the eighteenth patch, the nineteenth patch and the twentieth patch are all mapped to the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, they will coincide with the twenty-first patch, the twenty-second patch, the twenty-third patch and the twenty-fourth patch one by one.

4. The liquid metal based polar reconfigurable wideband cross-dipole antenna according to claim 1, wherein The second dielectric substrate is located below the metal reflection cavity structure, the length direction of the second dielectric substrate is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction, the front end surface of the second dielectric substrate is located in the same plane as the front end surface of the first dielectric substrate, the rear end surface of the second dielectric substrate is located in the same plane as the rear end surface of the first dielectric substrate, the left end surface of the second dielectric substrate is located in the same plane as the left end surface of the first dielectric substrate, the right end surface of the second dielectric substrate is located in the same plane as the right end surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the upper end surface of the second dielectric substrate is printed with a metal ground, the metal ground completely covers the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate, and the metal ground is attached to the lower end surface of the first metal cuboid.

5. The liquid metal based polar reconfigurable wideband cross-dipole antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that The coaxial cable penetrates the center of the second dielectric substrate, the center of the third connecting patch, the center of the first dielectric substrate, and the center of the first connecting patch in sequence, the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the first circular patch, the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the second circular patch, and at the same time, the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is welded on the second dielectric substrate.

6. The liquid metal based polar reconfigurable wideband cross-dipole antenna according to claim 2, wherein The first fluid channel is formed by setting an outer layer on the outside of the second connecting sheet, and the material of the outer layer is Watershed, and a gap for filling liquid metal is formed between the second connecting sheet; the second fluid channel is set inside the first annular sheet, and a cavity for filling liquid metal is formed by setting inside the first sheet body with the material of Watershed, and if the second connecting sheet is rotated by 90 degrees clockwise around the first center line, it will completely coincide with the first sheet body; the third fluid channel is formed by setting an outer layer on the outside of the fourth connecting sheet, and the material of the outer layer is Watershed, and a gap for filling liquid metal is formed between the fourth connecting sheet; the fourth fluid channel is set inside the second annular sheet, and a cavity for filling liquid metal is formed by setting inside the second sheet body with the material of Watershed, and if the fourth connecting sheet is rotated by 90 degrees clockwise around the first center line, it will completely coincide with the second sheet body.

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