Antenna device and unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The invention provides an antenna device and an unmanned aerial vehicle. The antenna device comprises a substrate 110; the bending radiation part 120 is arranged on the first surface of the substrate 110, and the bending radiation part 120 has a first initial resonant frequency and a second initial resonant frequency; the embedded radiation part 130 is arranged on the first surface of the substrate 110 and embedded in the bent radiation part 120, and the embedded radiation part 130 has a third initial resonant frequency; a ground structure 140 provided on a second surface of the substrate 110, the second surface being opposed to the first surface; the grounding structure 140 is used for adjusting the first initial resonant frequency, the second initial resonant frequency and the third initial resonant frequency to corresponding target resonant frequencies, the antenna device provided by the invention realizes stable communication of the unmanned aerial vehicle, thereby reducing the space occupied by the unmanned aerial vehicle body and the load weight, and improving the communication performance of the unmanned aerial vehicle. And the endurance time of the unmanned aerial vehicle is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna device and a drone. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of drone technology, it has become an important part of modern science and technology. In emergency scenarios such as sudden disasters, emergency rescue and complex battlefields, the performance of drone communication systems faces many challenges.

[0003] At present, the antennas used by drones do not have notch characteristics. When a drone is equipped with data link and global positioning system (GPS) equipment at the same time, because the working frequency bands of broadband ad hoc network equipment and data link, GPS and other equipment are close to each other, they are very likely to interfere with each other, affecting the normal operation of the equipment. To avoid mutual interference, a commonly used method is to add an external filter to the broadband ad hoc network equipment to filter out the data link and GPS working frequency bands, but adding filters is easy to increase the space occupied by the body, increase the load weight, and reduce the flight time of the drone. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides an antenna device and a drone, which are used to solve the defect in the prior art that an external filter increases the occupied space and load weight of the drone, thereby reducing the flight time of the drone, and realizes that the antenna device covers three resonant frequencies of drone communication. Without installing additional filters, stable communication of the drone can be achieved, thereby reducing the occupied space and load weight of the drone body and improving the flight time of the drone.

[0005] The present invention provides an antenna device, the antenna device comprising: substrate 110; The bent radiation portion 120 is disposed on the first surface of the substrate 110, and the bent radiation portion 120 has a first initial resonance frequency and a second initial resonance frequency; The embedded radiation portion 130 is disposed on the first surface of the substrate 110 and embedded in the bent radiation portion 120 . The embedded radiation portion 130 has a third initial resonant frequency. The grounding structure 140 is disposed on the second surface of the substrate 110 , the second surface being opposite to the first surface; the grounding structure 140 is used to adjust the first initial resonant frequency, the second initial resonant frequency and the third initial resonant frequency to corresponding target resonant frequencies.

[0006] According to an antenna device provided by the present invention, a bent radiating portion 120 includes a first bent radiating portion 121 and a second bent radiating portion 122 connected to each other, wherein: an embedded radiating portion 130 is embedded in the first bent radiating portion 121, and the first bent radiating portion 121, the second bent radiating portion 122 and the embedded radiating portion 130 correspond to different target resonant frequencies respectively.

[0007] According to an antenna device provided by the present invention, the first bent radiating portion 121 includes: a T-shaped bent branch node 1211 and a first patch 1212, wherein: the longitudinal axis of the T-shaped bent branch node 1211 is connected to the first patch 1212, the first patch 1212 is connected to the second bent radiating portion 122, and the symmetry axis of the T-shaped bent branch node 1211, the symmetry axis of the first patch 1212 and the symmetry axis of the second bent radiating portion 122 all coincide with the symmetry axis of the antenna device.

[0008] According to an antenna device provided by the present invention, the embedded radiation portion 130 is a U-shaped groove provided in the first patch 1212 .

[0009] According to an antenna device provided by the present invention, the second bent radiating portion 122 is a U-shaped slotted branch, wherein the U-shaped slotted branch is connected to the first patch 1212 via a feeder 150, and the feeder 150 is used to transmit a signal sent by a transmitter or a receiver to the antenna device.

[0010] According to an antenna device provided by the present invention, the grounding structure 140 includes: a resonant structure 141, wherein: the resonant structure 141 is located in the middle of the second surface of the substrate 110; the resonant structure 141 is used to adjust the first initial resonant frequency, the second initial resonant frequency and the third initial resonant frequency to the corresponding second resonant frequency.

[0011] According to an antenna device provided by the present invention, the grounding structure 140 further includes: a second patch 142, wherein: the second patch 142 is located on the top of the second surface of the substrate 110; the second patch 142 is used to adjust the corresponding second resonant frequency to the corresponding third resonant frequency.

[0012] According to an antenna device provided by the present invention, the grounding structure 140 also includes: a slotted patch 143, wherein: the slotted patch 143 is located at the bottom of the second surface of the substrate 110; the slotted patch 143 is used to adjust the corresponding third resonant frequency to the corresponding target resonant frequency; the symmetry axes of the second patch 142, the resonant structure 141 and the slotted patch 143 all coincide with the symmetry axis of the grounding structure 140.

[0013] According to an antenna device provided by the present invention, the substrate 110 is a flexible member.

[0014] The present invention provides an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), wherein the UAV is equipped with any one of the above-mentioned antenna devices.

[0015] The antenna device and drone provided by the present invention generate three initial resonant frequencies related to the drone by designing a bent radiating portion 120 and an embedded radiating portion 130 with bent branches on the first surface of the substrate 110, and then adjust the three initial resonant frequencies using the grounding structure 140 on the second surface of the substrate 110 to obtain three target resonant frequencies for drone communication, so that the drone can receive and / or transmit signals on the required frequency band. In this way, without installing additional filters, the use of the antenna device of the present invention can reduce the interference of external and internal equipment of the drone to the drone communication, ensuring the safety and stability of the communication. At the same time, by bending and embedding the radiating portion in the antenna device, the volume of the antenna device is reduced, the space occupied by the antenna device on the drone is reduced, the load weight is reduced, and the endurance time of the drone is increased. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a front view of the antenna device provided by the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a rear view of the antenna device provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a result diagram of the radiation coefficient of the antenna device provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4A It is the E-plane directional diagram of the antenna device provided by the present invention at the first center resonant frequency.

[0021] Figure 4B It is the H-plane directional diagram of the antenna device provided by the present invention at the first center resonant frequency.

[0022] Figure 4C It is the E-plane directional diagram of the antenna device provided by the present invention at the second center resonant frequency.

[0023] Figure 4D It is the H-plane directional diagram of the antenna device provided by the present invention at the second center resonant frequency.

[0024] Figure 4EIt is the E-plane directional diagram of the antenna device provided by the present invention at the third center resonant frequency.

[0025] Figure 4F It is the H-plane directional diagram of the antenna device provided by the present invention at the third center resonant frequency.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a curve showing a change in gain of the antenna device provided by the present invention in the X direction as a function of frequency.

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the antenna device provided by the present invention being installed on the landing gear of a UAV.

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the antenna device provided by the present invention being installed under the wing of a UAV.

[0029] Reference numerals: 100: antenna device; 110: substrate; 120: bent radiating portion; 130: embedded radiating portion; 140: grounding structure; 121: first bent radiating portion; 122: second bent radiating portion; 1211: T-shaped bent branch; 1212: first patch; 150: feed line; 141: resonant structure; 142: second patch; 143: slotted patch; 610: multi-rotor UAV; 611: landing gear; 710: composite wing UAV; 711: wing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] First, let's explain the antenna terms: Reflection coefficient: refers to the ratio of the voltage amplitude of the reflected wave to the voltage amplitude of the incident wave.

[0032] Impedance bandwidth: Usually impedance bandwidth refers to the bandwidth of the input port, that is, the bandwidth that requires the reflection coefficient to be less than or equal to -10dB.

[0033] Gain: The ratio of the power density of the signal generated by an actual antenna and an ideal radiating element at the same point in space under the condition of equal input power.

[0034] Cross-polarization: Polarization that is orthogonal to the reference main polarization.

[0035] At present, the performance of drone communication systems faces many challenges, including but not limited to signal attenuation under extreme weather conditions, signal blind spots caused by complex terrain, frequency band interference caused by high-intensity electromagnetic environment, and antenna radiation performance attenuation caused by high-frequency vibration of drones.

[0036] Among them, the most obvious problems include: (1) The antenna used by the drone does not have the notch characteristic. When the drone is equipped with data link and global positioning system (GPS) equipment at the same time, because the working frequency bands of broadband ad hoc network equipment and data link, GPS and other equipment are close to each other, they are very likely to interfere with each other, affecting the normal operation of the equipment. To avoid mutual interference, a commonly used method is to add an external filter to the broadband ad hoc network equipment to filter out the data link and GPS working frequency bands, but adding filters tends to increase the space occupied by the body, increase the load weight, and reduce the endurance of the drone; (2) The antennas of broadband and narrowband ad hoc network equipment carried by drones on the market are mostly rod antennas and plate antennas, which are large in size. During the flight of the drone, it is easy to generate large air resistance. In addition, the rod antenna used in the market is long, while the landing gear height of the drone is low. After the drone lands, the rod antenna placed on the belly or under the wing will be broken due to insufficient landing gear height; (3) During the flight, the drone will experience high-frequency vibration and complex flight environment, which puts high demands on the stability and durability of the antenna. Traditional antenna designs often use rigid materials. Although they have certain structural strength, they are prone to loosening and breakage under long-term high-frequency vibration, affecting communication performance and service life.

[0037] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an antenna device. Without installing an additional filter, the use of the antenna device of the present invention can reduce the interference of external and internal equipment of the drone on the drone communication, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the communication. At the same time, by bending and embedding the radiating part in the antenna device, the volume of the antenna device is reduced, the space occupied by the antenna device on the drone is reduced, the load weight is reduced, and the flight time of the drone is improved.

[0038] Combine the following Figure 1-Figure 2 The antenna device of the present invention is described. The antenna device provided by the present invention can be applied to any drone equipment or other terminal equipment similar to a drone. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The various structures shown in the figure are one embodiment of the antenna device provided by the present invention, and do not limit the antenna device provided by the present invention.

[0039] Figure 1 is a front view of the antenna device provided by the present invention, such as Figure 1As shown, the antenna device 100 includes: a substrate 110 , a bent radiating portion 120 and an embedded radiating portion 130 .

[0040] Figure 2 is a rear view of the antenna device provided by the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the antenna device 100 further includes: a grounding structure 140 .

[0041] The antenna device comprises: a substrate 110; A bending radiation portion 120 is disposed on the first surface of the substrate 110, and the bending radiation portion 120 has a first initial resonance frequency and a second initial resonance frequency; The embedded radiation portion 130 is disposed on the first surface of the substrate 110 and embedded in the bent radiation portion 1200 . The embedded radiation portion 130 has a third initial resonant frequency. The grounding structure 140 is disposed on the second surface of the substrate 110 , the second surface being opposite to the first surface; the grounding structure 140 is used to adjust the first initial resonant frequency, the second initial resonant frequency and the third initial resonant frequency to corresponding target resonant frequencies.

[0042] Here, the substrate 110 may be a component of a flexible material, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI) material, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyurethane (PU), etc.

[0043] The antenna device provided by the present invention adopts a flexible substrate 110 material, which has excellent flexibility and toughness, effectively absorbs and disperses vibration energy, so that the antenna can still maintain stable communication performance in a complex and changeable flight environment, improves the antenna's adaptability to UAV flight vibrations, extends the antenna's service life, reduces maintenance costs, and provides reliable protection for the continued stable operation of the UAV.

[0044] The size of the substrate 110 can be determined according to the working frequency band of the antenna. For example, the substrate 110 can be 76 mm long, 19 mm wide, and 0.57 mm high, that is, the overall size of the substrate 110 is 76 times 19 times 0.57 cubic millimeters. The initial design is based on a rectangular patch stand-alone antenna, which resonates at 1.42 GHz.

[0045] It should be noted that the antenna device of the present invention is an omnidirectional antenna. Compared with a directional antenna, the wide coverage range of an omnidirectional antenna reduces the risk of communication interruption due to signal obstruction in a single direction, reduces blind spots, and ensures the continuity and stability of signals in emergency communications, so that drones can more reliably perform search and rescue, monitoring and other tasks, thereby improving the overall emergency response efficiency.

[0046] Here, the bent radiating portion 120 refers to a radiating portion with a bent portion.

[0047] Here, the resonant frequency refers to the frequency at which the antenna has the highest efficiency in transmitting electromagnetic wave energy at a specific frequency. Different resonant frequencies correspond to different operating frequency bands, that is, different radiating parts produce different resonant frequencies, and different resonant frequencies can enable the antenna to receive or transmit signals in different frequency bands. The frequency band of an antenna refers to the frequency range in which the antenna can receive or transmit signals, where the resonant frequency is a frequency point in the antenna frequency band.

[0048] It should be noted that the bent radiation portion 120 , the embedded radiation portion 130 and the ground structure 140 are disposed on the surface of the substrate 110 by methods including but not limited to welding, pasting and the like.

[0049] It should be noted that the embedded radiating portion 130 may be embedded in the bent radiating portion 120 in a manner including but not limited to completely embedded, partially embedded, penetrating the bent radiating portion 120 , and the like.

[0050] It should be noted that the initial resonant frequency may be a resonant frequency close to the resonant frequency corresponding to the frequency band of the drone communication.

[0051] Here, the grounding structure 140 is mainly responsible for effectively conducting the current or charge generated by the antenna to the earth or other reference grounds. There are many types of grounding structures 140, including but not limited to direct grounding, special grounding structures 140, and grounding through electronic equipment.

[0052] In addition, in addition to adjusting the initial resonant frequency of the antenna, the grounding structure 140 can also maintain the stable operation of the antenna, prevent electromagnetic interference, and protect personal safety.

[0053] In an embodiment of the present invention, a bent radiating portion 120 with bent branches and an embedded radiating portion 130 are designed on the first surface of the substrate 110 to generate three initial resonant frequencies related to the drone. Then, the three initial resonant frequencies are adjusted using the grounding structure 140 on the second surface of the substrate 110 to obtain three target resonant frequencies for drone communication, so that the drone can receive and / or transmit signals on the required frequency band. In this way, without installing additional filters, the use of the antenna device of the present invention can reduce the interference of the external and internal equipment of the drone to the drone communication, ensuring the safety and stability of the communication. At the same time, by bending and embedding the radiating portion in the antenna device, the volume of the antenna device is reduced, the space occupied by the antenna device on the drone is reduced, the load weight is reduced, and the endurance time of the drone is increased.

[0054] like Figure 1 As shown, the bending radiation portion 120 includes a first bending radiation portion 121 and a second bending radiation portion 122 connected to each other, wherein: The embedded radiation portion 130 is embedded in the first bending radiation portion 121 , and the first bending radiation portion 121 , the second bending radiation portion 122 and the embedded radiation portion 130 correspond to different target resonant frequencies respectively.

[0055] It should be noted that the symmetry axis of the first bending radiation portion 121 coincides with the symmetry axis of the second bending radiation portion 122. In other words, the bending radiation portion 120 is an axisymmetric shape.

[0056] It should be noted that the first bending radiating portion 121 , the second bending radiating portion 122 and the embedded radiating portion 130 have different structures, and thus different harmonic frequencies are generated, and the frequency bands of received or transmitted signals are also different.

[0057] It should be noted that the first bending radiating portion 121 generates a first frequency band, the embedded radiating portion 130 generates a second frequency band, and the second bending radiating portion 122 generates a third frequency band, wherein the third frequency band is higher than the second frequency band, and the second frequency band is higher than the first frequency band.

[0058] In an embodiment of the present invention, three different resonant frequencies are generated by three different structures of the first bent radiating portion 121, the second bent radiating portion 122 and the embedded radiating portion 130, thereby obtaining three frequency bands of the antenna operation, so that the antenna can operate in three frequency bands, reduce the interference of external and internal equipment on the drone communication, ensure the safety and stability of the communication, and the bent radiating portion 120 and the embedded radiating portion 130 are designed to be conformally arranged on the substrate 110, thereby reducing wind resistance and space occupancy.

[0059] like Figure 1As shown, the first bent radiation portion 121 includes: a T-shaped bent branch 1211 and a first patch 1212, wherein: The longitudinal axis of the T-shaped bent branch node 1211 is connected to the first patch 1212, the first patch 1212 is connected to the second bent radiating portion 122, and the symmetry axis of the T-shaped bent branch node 1211, the symmetry axis of the first patch 1212 and the symmetry axis of the second bent radiating portion 122 all coincide with the symmetry axis of the antenna device.

[0060] Here, the T-shaped bent branch 1211 can be understood as a T-shaped patch with a bent portion, and the shape of the first patch 1212 includes but is not limited to a circle, a rectangle, a triangle, etc.

[0061] It should be noted that the bending part in the T-shaped bending branch node 1211 can be of any suitable number and position. For example, the bending part of the T-shaped bending branch node 1211 can be located on the transverse axis, wherein the longitudinal axis of the T-shaped bending branch node 1211 is used as the dividing line, and there are one or more bending parts on each side of the dividing line. It should be understood that the T-shaped bending branch node 1211 is an axially symmetrical structure, and the bending parts on both sides of the decomposition line should be the same in number and symmetrical.

[0062] Exemplarily, the T-shaped bending branch 1211 can adjust the low-frequency resonance frequency to the required frequency band of 0.84 gigahertz (GHz), that is, the low frequency. The resonance of the 0.84 GHz frequency band is mainly generated in the gap between the T-shaped bending branch and the two sides of the first patch.

[0063] It should be noted that the introduction of the T-shaped bending branch 1211 provides a new degree of freedom for the antenna and adjusts the low-frequency resonance frequency. The bending branch is located at the front of the antenna and is connected to the first patch 1212.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present invention, a first resonant frequency is generated by the T-shaped bending branch 1211 and the first patch 1212 to obtain a first operating frequency band of the antenna device.

[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, the embedded radiation portion 130 is a U-shaped groove in the first patch 1212 .

[0066] It should be noted that the U-shaped groove provided in the first patch 1212 is substantially a U-shaped groove dug out in the first patch 1212 .

[0067] Here, the length of the U-shaped groove can be any suitable length value or length range, for example, the length value can be 79.7 millimeters (mm), 88.2 mm, 96.7 mm, etc.; the length range can be 79.7 mm-88.2 mm, 90 mm-96 mm, 79.7 mm-96.7 mm, etc.

[0068] Here, the width of the U-shaped groove may be any suitable width value or width range, for example, the width value may be 0.995 mm, 1 mm, 1.005 mm, etc.; the width range may be 0.995 mm-1.005 mm.

[0069] It should be noted that the length and width of the U-shaped groove can be determined according to the working frequency band of the antenna device. Generally, the length of the U-shaped groove is half of the wavelength corresponding to the frequency, meeting the half-wavelength design.

[0070] Exemplarily, the width of the U-shaped groove is 1±0.05 mm, and the length of the U-shaped groove is about half of the wavelength of 1.7 GHz (88.2±8.5 mm), which can introduce a new resonance point at 1.7 GHz.

[0071] Here, the U-shaped groove may completely penetrate the first patch 1212 , or may be embedded in the first patch 1212 and not penetrate the first patch 1212 , and there is no limitation here.

[0072] It should be noted that digging a U-shaped groove in the first patch 1212 can increase the effective current and reduce the low-frequency resonance frequency.

[0073] In the embodiment of the present invention, a U-shaped groove is etched in the first patch 1212 to increase the effective path of the current, reduce the low-frequency resonance frequency, miniaturize the antenna, introduce a new resonance point, and obtain the second frequency band of the antenna device.

[0074] like Figure 1 As shown, the second bent radiation portion 122 is a U-shaped slotted branch, wherein: The U-shaped slotted branch is connected to the first patch 1212 via a feeder 150 , and the feeder 150 is used to transmit a signal sent by a transmitter or a receiver to the antenna device.

[0075] Here, the U-shaped slotted branch is actually a U-shaped slot etched in the U-shaped patch.

[0076] Here, the length of the U-shaped slotted branch can be any suitable length value or range, wherein the length value can be 57mm, 61mm, 66.9mm, etc., and the range can be 56-61mm, 62mm-66.9mm, 56mm-66.9mm, etc.

[0077] Exemplarily, the length of the U-shaped slotted branch is about 2.44 GHz, which is half the wavelength (61±5.9 mm) at high frequency, and can generate the third operating frequency band required for drone communication.

[0078] The feeder line 150 is a transmission line connecting the antenna and the transceiver for transmitting radio frequency energy, wherein the types of the feeder line 150 include but are not limited to parallel twin lines, coaxial cables, waveguides, and the like.

[0079] It should be noted that adding U-shaped slotted branches to the microstrip feed line can extend the current path and move the resonant frequency to a low frequency. In addition, when the current path is extended, new resonance points will be formed due to changes in the antenna structure, multi-mode resonance, frequency splitting and other phenomena.

[0080] In the embodiment of the present invention, the effective path of the current is increased through the feed line 150 and the U-shaped slotted branch, the low-frequency resonance frequency is reduced, the antenna is miniaturized, a new resonance point is introduced, and the third frequency band of the antenna device is obtained.

[0081] like Figure 2 As shown, the grounding structure 140 includes: a resonant structure 141, wherein: The resonant structure 141 is located in the middle of the second surface of the substrate 110; The resonant structure 141 is used to adjust the first initial resonant frequency, the second initial resonant frequency, and the third initial resonant frequency to corresponding second resonant frequencies.

[0082] Here, the resonant structure 141 refers to a circuit composed of a capacitor and an inductor connected in series or in parallel, which can generate a resonance phenomenon at a specific frequency. The resonant frequency can be adjusted by adjusting the capacitor and the inductor in the circuit.

[0083] Furthermore, the position of the resonant structure 141 on the second surface may correspond to the position of the embedded radiation portion 130 on the first surface.

[0084] Exemplarily, the resonant frequency of the resonant structure 141 is calculated as follows: (1)

[0085] in, is the resonant frequency in Hertz (Hz), is the inductance of the inductor, in Henry (H), is the capacitance of the capacitor, measured in Farad (F), It is pi.

[0086] In the embodiment of the present invention, a resonant structure 141 is added to the second surface of the substrate 110 to adjust all resonant frequency points to move toward low frequencies, thereby ensuring that the three resonant points can miniaturize the antenna at an ideal frequency point and improving the matching performance of high-frequency resonant points.

[0087] like Figure 2As shown, the ground structure 140 further includes: a second patch 142, wherein: The second patch 142 is located on the top of the second surface of the substrate 110; The second patch 142 is used to adjust the corresponding second resonant frequency to a corresponding third resonant frequency.

[0088] Here, the shape of the second patch 142 includes but is not limited to a circle, a rectangle, a triangle, etc.

[0089] Here, the geometric size of the second patch 142 may be determined according to the operating frequency band of the antenna.

[0090] Further, the position of the first patch 1212 on the second surface may correspond to the position of the first bent radiating portion 121 on the first surface.

[0091] It should be noted that after the resonant structure 141 adjusts the three initial resonant frequencies, the frequency band required by the drone may not be reached. Therefore, the second patch 142 is required to adjust the second resonant frequency again to obtain the third resonant frequency.

[0092] It should be noted that after the second patch 142 is used to adjust the three second resonant frequencies, some of the second resonant frequencies may change. In this case, the three resonant frequencies may be made more accurate by adjusting the resonant structure 141 .

[0093] In the embodiment of the present invention, the adjusted resonant frequency of the resonant structure 141 is further adjusted by the second patch 142, so as to improve the accuracy of the three resonant frequencies and improve the matching performance of the antenna in the three working frequency bands.

[0094] like Figure 2 As shown, the grounding structure 140 further includes: a slotted patch 143, wherein: The slotted patch 143 is located at the bottom of the second surface of the substrate 110; the slotted patch 143 is used to adjust the corresponding third resonant frequency to the corresponding target resonant frequency; The symmetry axes of the second patch 142 , the resonant structure 141 and the slotted patch 143 all coincide with the symmetry axis of the ground structure 140 .

[0095] Here, the slotted patch 143 is substantially a patch with a slot, wherein the shape of the slot includes but is not limited to a C-shaped slot, a U-shaped slot, etc.

[0096] Here, the geometrical dimensions of the slotted patch 143 may be determined according to the operating frequency band of the antenna.

[0097] Furthermore, the position of the slotted patch 143 on the second surface may correspond to the position of the second bent radiating portion 122 on the first surface.

[0098] It should be noted that after the second adjustment using the second patch 142 , the three third resonant frequencies still do not reach the ideal resonant frequencies. Therefore, it is necessary to use the slotted patch 143 to adjust the three resonant frequencies again to obtain three target resonant frequencies.

[0099] It should be noted that, during the adjustment process, part of the third resonant frequency may change. The resonant frequency of the antenna may be made more accurate by adjusting the geometric dimensions of the resonant structure 141 and the second patch 142 .

[0100] In the embodiment of the present invention, the adjusted resonant frequency of the resonant structure 141 is further adjusted by the slotted patch 143, so as to improve the accuracy of the three resonant frequencies and improve the matching performance of the antenna in the three working frequency bands.

[0101] Figure 3 is a result diagram of the transmission coefficient of the antenna device provided by the present invention, such as Figure 3 As shown, the horizontal axis represents frequency, unit: GHz; the vertical axis represents reflection coefficient, unit: dB, from Figure 3 It can be seen that the antenna works stably in three frequency bands: 0.827-0.853GHz, 1.381-1.446GHz and 2.343-2.633GHz. Among them, the reflection coefficient is below -10dB, which indicates the stable frequency band of the antenna, corresponding to the uplink frequency band of 840.5-845MHz, downlink frequency band of 1430-1444MHz and spare frequency band of 2408-2440MHz allocated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, which fully meets the frequency band requirements of the UAV communication system. Among them, the current in the low frequency band (0.84GHz) is mainly concentrated on the edge of the rectangular patch and the T-shaped branch of the etched U-shaped groove, indicating that the low-frequency resonance is mainly generated by these two parts of the structure; the current in the mid-frequency band (1.42GHz) is mainly distributed in the U-shaped groove on the rectangular patch, which verifies the design idea of ​​realizing mid-frequency resonance by etching the U-shaped groove; the current in the high frequency band (2.44GHz) is mainly concentrated on the U-shaped branch, indicating that the high-frequency resonance is mainly generated by this branch.

[0102] Figure 4A is the E-plane directional diagram of the antenna device provided by the present invention at the first center resonant frequency, such as Figure 4A As shown, the horizontal axis represents direction, and the vertical axis represents gain, in dBi. The first center resonant frequency is the center resonant frequency of the low frequency band, 0.842 GHz, and the E plane is the electric field surface (xoz plane).

[0103] Figure 4Bis the H-plane directional diagram of the antenna device provided by the present invention at the first center resonant frequency, such as Figure 4B As shown, the horizontal axis represents direction, the vertical axis represents gain, unit: dBi, and the H plane is the magnetic field plane (xoy plane).

[0104] Figure 4C is the E-plane directional diagram of the antenna device provided by the present invention at the second center resonant frequency, such as Figure 4C As shown, the horizontal axis represents direction, and the vertical axis represents gain, in dBi. The second center resonant frequency is the center resonant frequency of the mid-frequency band, 1.437 GHz.

[0105] Figure 4D is the H-plane directional diagram of the antenna device provided by the present invention at the second center resonant frequency, such as Figure 4D As shown, the horizontal axis represents direction and the vertical axis represents gain, unit: dBi.

[0106] Figure 4E is the E-plane directional diagram of the antenna device provided by the present invention at the third center resonant frequency, such as Figure 4E As shown, the horizontal axis represents direction, and the vertical axis represents gain, with the unit being dBi. The third center resonant frequency is the center resonant frequency of the high frequency band, 2.425 GHz.

[0107] Figure 4F is the H-plane directional diagram of the antenna device provided by the present invention at the third center resonant frequency, such as Figure 4F As shown, the horizontal axis represents direction and the vertical axis represents gain, in dBi. The middle part of the coordinate system represents cross polarization.

[0108] from Figure 4A-4F It can be seen that the antenna has good omnidirectional radiation characteristics in the xoy plane, and the non-circularity of the horizontal plane pattern at the three frequency points is 0.008dB, 0.08dB and 0.26dB respectively. At the same time, the antenna has good low cross-polarization characteristics, and the cross-polarization level is kept below -30dB.

[0109] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the gain variation curve of the antenna device provided by the present invention in the X direction as a function of frequency. Figure 5 As shown, the maximum gain of the antenna device in the 0.827-0.853 GHz frequency band is 1.63 dBi, the maximum gain in the 1.381-1.446 GHz frequency band is 1.74 dBi, and the maximum gain in the 2.343-2.633 GHz frequency band is 2.2 dBi.

[0110] The present invention also provides a drone, comprising any one of the above antenna devices.

[0111] It should be noted that the antenna device provided by the present invention can be installed at any position of the drone, including but not limited to the landing gear of the drone, under the wings of the drone, the lower part of the fuselage, or other possible positions.

[0112] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the antenna device provided by the present invention installed on the landing gear of a UAV, such as Figure 6 As shown, the antenna device 100 is installed on the landing gear 611 in the multi-rotor UAV 610, and the antenna is conformally installed on the landing gear of the multi-rotor UAV. In view of the miniaturization and lightweight advantages of the antenna, its design ensures that it can be seamlessly and conformally installed on the landing gear or other hidden areas of the UAV. In order to effectively reduce the shielding of the antenna radiation by the wing and further improve the electromagnetic compatibility performance of the UAV, it is generally recommended to deploy the antenna in a suitable position away from the fuselage. When determining the installation position of the antenna, multiple factors such as the flight performance, aerodynamic layout and electromagnetic environment of the UAV must also be considered comprehensively. Specifically, the installation position must ensure that the antenna can work stably during the flight and is not easily affected by airflow interference or mechanical vibration, so as to ensure the stability and reliability of the communication link.

[0113] At the same time, in order to avoid electromagnetic interference between the antenna and other electronic equipment on the drone, detailed electromagnetic compatibility testing and evaluation is required. This includes analyzing the antenna radiation characteristics, electromagnetic field distribution, and coupling effects with other equipment, so as to formulate a scientific and reasonable installation plan to ensure the overall electromagnetic environment safety of the drone.

[0114] In addition, during the design and manufacturing phase of the drone, the convenience of antenna maintenance and replacement must be fully considered. This means that when installing the antenna, sufficient space and interfaces must be reserved so that maintenance and upgrades can be performed quickly and safely when necessary to ensure the continued stable operation of the drone system.

[0115] In summary, for antennas with miniaturization and lightweight characteristics, the selection of installation locations on drones needs to take into account a variety of factors to ensure that they can fully exert their performance advantages and provide strong support for the communication and navigation of drones.

[0116] The rod-shaped antennas commonly used in drones on the market are relatively long, while the landing gear of drones is relatively low. After the drone lands, the antenna placed under the belly or wing may break due to insufficient landing gear height. Conformal antennas can avoid this situation.

[0117] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the antenna device provided by the present invention installed under the wing of a drone, such as Figure 7As shown, the antenna device 100 is installed on the wing 711 of the composite wing UAV 710. Compared with the rod antenna, the conformal antenna design retains the original aerodynamic layout of the UAV, significantly optimizes the aerodynamic performance of the UAV, and reduces wind resistance during flight.

[0118] The antenna device provided by the present invention has the following advantages: it realizes three-band operation of a single antenna, covers the frequency band required for UAV communication, avoids mutual interference between multiple antennas, and improves communication stability; the antenna has a low profile and a small size, and can be conformally installed on the landing gear of the UAV. Compared with the rod antenna, the present invention retains the original aerodynamic layout of the UAV and significantly reduces the impact of the antenna on the aerodynamic performance of the UAV; the flexible anti-vibration substrate 110 material is used, and the antenna performance is stable in a vibration environment and is highly practical.

[0119] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand and implement it without paying creative labor.

[0120] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each implementation method can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course, can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solution is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, a disk, an optical disk, etc., including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or some parts of the embodiments.

[0121] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna device, characterized in that: The antenna device comprises: substrate 110; A bending radiation portion 120 is disposed on the first surface of the substrate 110, and the bending radiation portion 120 has a first initial resonance frequency and a second initial resonance frequency; An embedded radiation portion 130 is disposed on the first surface of the substrate 110 and embedded in the bent radiation portion 120 , and the embedded radiation portion 130 has a third initial resonant frequency; The grounding structure 140 is disposed on the second surface of the substrate 110 , the second surface being opposite to the first surface; the grounding structure 140 is used to adjust the first initial resonant frequency, the second initial resonant frequency and the third initial resonant frequency to corresponding target resonant frequencies.

2. The antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that The bending radiation portion 120 includes a first bending radiation portion 121 and a second bending radiation portion 122 connected to each other, wherein: The embedded radiating portion 130 is embedded in the first bending radiating portion 121 , and the first bending radiating portion 121 , the second bending radiating portion 122 and the embedded radiating portion 130 correspond to different target resonant frequencies respectively.

3. The antenna device according to claim 2, characterized in that The first bent radiation portion 121 includes: a T-shaped bent branch 1211 and a first patch 1212, wherein: The longitudinal axis of the T-shaped bent branch node 1211 is connected to the first patch, the first patch 1212 is connected to the second bent radiating portion 122, and the symmetry axis of the T-shaped bent branch node 1211, the symmetry axis of the first patch 1212 and the symmetry axis of the second bent radiating portion 122 all coincide with the symmetry axis of the antenna device.

4. The antenna device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The embedded radiation portion 130 is a U-shaped groove disposed in the first patch 1212 .

5. The antenna device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second bent radiation portion 122 is a U-shaped slotted branch, wherein: The U-shaped slotted branch is connected to the first patch 1212 via a feeder 150 , and the feeder 150 is used to transmit a signal sent by a transmitter or a receiver to the antenna device.

6. The antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grounding structure 140 includes a resonant structure 141, wherein: The resonant structure 141 is located in the middle of the second surface of the substrate 110; The resonant structure 141 is used to adjust the first initial resonant frequency, the second initial resonant frequency, and the third initial resonant frequency to corresponding second resonant frequencies.

7. The antenna device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ground structure 140 further includes: a second patch 142, wherein: The second patch 142 is located on the top of the second surface of the substrate 110; The second patch 142 is used to adjust the corresponding second resonant frequency to a corresponding third resonant frequency.

8. The antenna device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The grounding structure 140 further includes a slotted patch 143, wherein: The slotted patch 143 is located at the bottom of the second surface of the substrate 110; The slotted patch 143 is used to adjust the corresponding third resonant frequency to the corresponding target resonant frequency; The symmetry axes of the second patch 142 , the resonant structure 141 and the slotted patch 143 all coincide with the symmetry axis of the ground structure 140 .

9. The antenna device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The substrate 110 is a flexible member.

10. A drone, characterized in that: The invention comprises the antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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