Ultrafast pulse laser system based on two-dimensional material film modulation

Abstract

The invention provides an ultrafast pulse laser system based on two-dimensional material film modulation, which relates to the technical field of optical communication, and comprises a laser light source module used for generating an initial laser pulse; the two-dimensional material film modulation module is used for modulating the initial laser pulse by adjusting parameters, including modulation depth, frequency and phase, of a modulator to generate ultrafast pulse laser; and the control module is used for controlling the working state of the modulator and the optical property of the two-dimensional material film, and collecting real-time data in the modulation process. According to the invention, accurate modulation, real-time monitoring and closed-loop optimization of the laser pulse are realized, the performance of the laser pulse and the stability of the system are improved, and an efficient, flexible and reliable solution is provided for ultrafast laser application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of optical communication technology, and in particular to an ultrafast pulse laser system based on modulation of a two-dimensional material film. Background Art

[0002] Conventional ultrafast pulsed laser modulation relies on complex mechanical or electronic components, which are relatively expensive to manufacture and maintain, adding to the overall system cost burden. Achieving high-precision pulsed laser modulation presents difficulties. Due to the limited response speed and stability of mechanical or electronic components, precise control of pulsed laser characteristics is difficult. Real-time adjustments during operation are also difficult to achieve. Once the modulation parameters are set in the system, it is difficult to flexibly adjust them during operation to meet changing application requirements.

[0003] Furthermore, traditional modulation technologies involve multiple independent components and devices with low integration, increasing system complexity and maintenance difficulties. With the continuous advancement of technology, the performance requirements for ultrafast pulsed laser modulation systems are also increasing. However, due to its inherent limitations, traditional modulation technologies are difficult to adapt to this performance demand and have poor scalability. Operation can also require significant energy consumption, which not only increases operating costs but also has a certain impact on the environment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an ultrafast pulse laser system based on modulation of a two-dimensional material thin film, which realizes efficient modulation of the pulse laser frequency, amplitude, pulse width and other characteristics.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions of the present invention are as follows: Ultrafast pulse laser system based on two-dimensional material film modulation, including: Laser light source module, used to generate initial laser pulses; A two-dimensional material film modulation module is used to modulate the initial laser pulse by adjusting the modulator parameters, including modulation depth, frequency, and phase, to generate ultrafast pulsed lasers; A control module, used to control the working state of the modulator and the optical properties of the two-dimensional material film, and to collect real-time data during the modulation process; The data processing and analysis module is used to process and analyze the collected laser pulse data, extract key information, including pulse width, repetition frequency, and energy distribution, and manage the modulation process and optimize performance through continuous iteration and upgrading of the control scheme; The real-time monitoring and feedback module is used to monitor various parameters of the laser pulse in real time, including pulse width, repetition rate, energy, and the operating status of the system, including temperature and current, and send feedback signals to the control module to adjust and optimize the modulator and output device in real time to achieve closed-loop control; The laser output and dynamic adjustment module is used to receive and output pulsed laser modulated by the two-dimensional material film, and is connected to the data processing and analysis module to adjust and optimize the output laser in real time.

[0006] Furthermore, by adjusting the modulator parameters, including modulation depth, frequency, and phase, the initial laser pulse is modulated to generate an ultrafast pulsed laser, including: Initialize the modulator parameters, including the initial setting values ​​of modulation depth, frequency, and phase, and set the relevant parameters of coordinate descent, including the number of iterations and step size; modulating the initial laser pulse according to the parameters of the initialization modulator and measuring the parameters of the modulated laser pulse; Calculate the objective function value based on the laser pulse parameters to evaluate the difference between the laser pulse and the expected ultrafast pulse under the current parameter settings; In each iteration, the next optimized coordinate direction is determined according to a predetermined order, including modulation depth, frequency, and phase, and a one-dimensional search is performed along the next optimized coordinate direction to obtain the final parameter value; Updating the final parameter value to the corresponding parameter of the modulator to obtain an updated parameter set; Modulate the laser pulse again using the updated parameter set and measure the modulated laser pulse parameters; calculate a new objective function value based on the modulated laser pulse parameters; Continuous iteration, when the coordinate descent iteration reaches the preset number of iterations, the final optimized parameter value is used to modulate the two-dimensional material film to output ultrafast pulse laser.

[0007] Furthermore, the calculation formula of the objective function value is: ; in, represents the objective function value; The weight coefficient representing the pulse width; Indicates the actual pulse width; Indicates the expected pulse width; The weight coefficient representing the repetition frequency; Indicates the actual repetition frequency; Indicates the expected repetition frequency; The weight coefficient representing the difference in energy distribution; Indicates the end time of the integration; Indicates the starting time of integration; Indicates the peak energy of the actual pulse; Indicates time; represents the time center of the actual pulse; Indicates the actual pulse width parameter; represents the peak energy of the expected pulse; represents the temporal center of the expected pulse; Parameter representing the expected pulse width.

[0008] Furthermore, the working state of the modulator and the optical properties of the two-dimensional material film are controlled, and real-time data during the modulation process is collected, including: Placing a two-dimensional material film on the output optical path of the modulator, and connecting sensors for monitoring the optical properties of the film, including a spectrometer and an optical power meter, to a data acquisition system; Set the initial working state of the modulator, including the initial values ​​of voltage, frequency, and phase, and set the data acquisition parameters in the data acquisition system, including data type and sampling frequency; Based on the set initial state of the modulator and data acquisition parameters, a preliminary modulation scheme is developed, including the adjustment range and step size of the control parameters; A preliminary modulation scheme is applied to the modulator to start the modulation process, and during the modulation process, optical property data of the film and control parameter data of the modulator are collected in real time.

[0009] Furthermore, the collected laser pulse data is processed and analyzed to extract key information, including pulse width, repetition rate, and energy distribution. Through continuous iteration and upgrading of the control scheme, the modulation process can be managed and performance optimized, including: Preprocessing the collected laser pulse data to obtain processed data; Extracting key information from the processed data, including pulse width, repetition frequency, and energy distribution, and initializing a frog population based on the key information, where each frog represents a set of modulation parameters; Assign an initial position to each frog and calculate the fitness value corresponding to each frog; For each frog, perform a local search at the current location and compare the fitness values ​​corresponding to each frog to determine the final frog; Update the position of the frog group based on the final frog; Repeat the process of local search for each frog, updating the fitness value, determining the final frog, and updating the group position until the preset number of iterations is reached, and extract the final modulation parameter combination from the final frog position; The final modulation parameter combination is used to manage the modulation process and optimize performance.

[0010] Furthermore, the calculation formula for the fitness value of each frog is: ; in, Indicates the fitness value corresponding to each frog; 、 represents a constant term; 、 、 represents the weight coefficient; 、 、 、 represents the adjustment parameter; Indicates the actual pulse width; Indicates the expected pulse width; Indicates the actual repetition frequency; Indicates the expected repetition frequency; 、 、 represents the exponential parameter; Indicates the number of energy distribution points; Indicates the actual energy distribution value; Indicates the expected energy distribution value.

[0011] Furthermore, various parameters of the laser pulse, including pulse width, repetition rate, energy, and system operating status, including temperature and current, are monitored in real time, and feedback signals are sent to the control module to adjust and optimize the modulator and output device in real time to achieve closed-loop control, including: Monitor the pulse width, repetition frequency and energy parameters of the laser pulse in real time, and monitor the temperature and current operating status parameters of the system; convert the pulse width, repetition frequency, energy of the laser pulse and the temperature and current parameters of the system into digital signals through sensors; The pulse width, repetition frequency, energy of the laser pulse and the temperature and current of the system are taken as state variables, and the adjustment parameters of the modulator and output device are defined as decision variables; The changes of state variables are described by the preset state transition equation, and the stage indicators, initial state and termination conditions are set to build a dynamic programming model; Solve the dynamic programming model to obtain the final decision sequence; According to the final decision sequence, the modulator and output device are adjusted in real time, and adjustment instructions are sent to the control module to change the parameters of the modulator and the settings of the output device to obtain the adjusted laser pulse parameters and system status; Monitor the adjusted laser pulse parameters and system status in real time, and re-build the dynamic programming model and solve the final decision; The solution and adjustment process is repeated, and optimization is continuously iterated until the preset error threshold is reached. The final laser pulse parameters and system status are output to achieve real-time adjustment and optimization of the modulator and output device, forming a closed-loop control.

[0012] Furthermore, the changes of state variables are described by the preset state transition equations, and the stage indicators, initial states and termination conditions are set to construct a dynamic programming model, including: Through the preset state transfer equation Describe the state variables from a moment To the next moment , and set a reward function , to evaluate the performance indicators of the system at each decision stage; among them, Indicates that the system is at time The state vector of 、 Represents state variables; 、 represents the decision variable; 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 Indicates system parameters; 、 represents a constant term; Represents the reward function at time The value of represents the system state vector; represents the reference state vector; By measuring, the initial state of the system is determined, and according to the state transition equation and reward function, a termination condition is set, namely , the dynamic programming process terminates; among them, is the error threshold, A dynamic programming model is constructed based on the state transition equation, reward function, determined system initial state and set termination conditions.

[0013] Furthermore, the dynamic programming model is solved to obtain the final decision sequence, including: Create a dynamic programming table based on the system's state space and decision space, and set initial values ​​for each state in the dynamic programming table; Initialize a decision field for each state in the dynamic programming table, and start from the last decision stage and recursively calculate the final value of each state at each stage; For each state, the future state is calculated according to the state transition equation, and the performance of the current decision is evaluated according to the reward function to update the final value of the current state and the corresponding decision; When the final values ​​of all stages are calculated, the dynamic programming table stores the final value and corresponding decision of each state in each stage. Starting from the initial state, according to the final decision stored in the dynamic programming table, it moves forward step by step until all decision stages are completed and the final decision sequence is obtained.

[0014] Furthermore, the system receives and outputs pulsed laser light modulated by the two-dimensional material film, and connects to the data processing and analysis module to adjust and optimize the output laser light in real time, including: The received pulsed laser is guided to a two-dimensional material thin film modulator, and the pulsed laser is modulated according to preset modulation parameters, including modulation frequency and amplitude, to obtain a modulated pulsed laser; Output the modulated pulsed laser from the modulator and set the output parameters, including beam diameter and divergence angle; The output modulated pulse laser is introduced into the data processing and analysis module, where the modulated pulse laser signal is adjusted and optimized in real time, including extracting key laser parameters and calculating performance indicators. The above solution of the present invention includes at least the following beneficial effects: The 2D thin film modulation module leverages the unique optical properties of 2D materials to precisely adjust the modulation depth, frequency, and phase of laser pulses, achieving high-precision control of laser pulse characteristics. Furthermore, the control module allows for flexible modulation parameters to meet the needs of diverse application scenarios, enhancing the system's flexibility and applicability.

[0015] The real-time monitoring and feedback module monitors various laser pulse parameters and system operating status, such as pulse width, repetition rate, energy, temperature, and current, and promptly feeds this information back to the control module. Based on this feedback signal, the control module adjusts the operating status of the modulator and output device in real time, achieving closed-loop control and ensuring the stability and consistency of the laser pulse.

[0016] The data processing and analysis module performs in-depth processing and analysis of the collected laser pulse data, extracting key information and continuously iterating and upgrading the control scheme to manage the modulation process and optimize performance. This data-based optimization method can significantly improve the quality of laser pulses, such as reducing pulse width, increasing repetition rate, and uniformity of energy distribution, thereby improving the overall efficiency and performance of the system.

[0017] The system combines advanced modulation techniques for two-dimensional thin films with real-time data processing and analysis, providing new insights and approaches for laser technology innovation. This technological fusion not only advances the development of ultrafast pulsed laser technology but also provides more efficient and precise solutions for the widespread application of lasers in industrial processing, optical communications, and other fields.

[0018] By integrating various functional modules and implementing closed-loop control, the system can reduce unnecessary energy loss and material waste, lowering operating costs. Furthermore, real-time monitoring and feedback control can promptly detect and address potential faults, improving system reliability and stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an ultrafast pulse laser system based on two-dimensional material film modulation provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of an ultrafast pulse laser system based on two-dimensional material film modulation provided by an embodiment of the present invention, which modulates the initial laser pulse by adjusting the parameters of the modulator, including modulation depth, frequency, and phase, to generate an ultrafast pulse laser. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention proposes an ultrafast pulse laser system based on modulation of a two-dimensional material film, comprising: Laser light source module 11, used to generate initial laser pulses; The two-dimensional material thin film modulation module 12 is used to modulate the initial laser pulse by adjusting the parameters of the modulator, including modulation depth, frequency, and phase, to generate ultrafast pulsed laser; A control module 13 is used to control the working state of the modulator and the optical properties of the two-dimensional material film, and to collect real-time data during the modulation process; The data processing and analysis module 14 is used to process and analyze the collected laser pulse data, extract key information, including pulse width, repetition frequency, and energy distribution, and manage and optimize the modulation process through continuous iteration and upgrading of the control scheme; A real-time monitoring and feedback module 15 is used to monitor various parameters of the laser pulse in real time, including pulse width, repetition frequency, energy, and the operating status of the system, including temperature and current, and to send feedback signals to the control module to adjust and optimize the modulator and output device in real time to achieve closed-loop control; The laser output and dynamic adjustment module 16 is used to receive and output the pulsed laser modulated by the two-dimensional material film, and is connected to the data processing and analysis module to adjust and optimize the output laser in real time.

[0023] In the embodiment of the present invention, the laser light source module 11 can stably and reliably generate initial laser pulses, providing high-quality laser input for the entire system.

[0024] The 2D thin film modulation module 12 precisely adjusts modulator parameters (including modulation depth, frequency, and phase) to finely modulate the initial laser pulse, generating ultrafast pulsed laser light. This modulation method not only increases the flexibility of laser pulses but also expands the application range of lasers, particularly in areas requiring high-precision, high-speed laser pulses.

[0025] The control module 13 precisely controls the operating state of the modulator and the optical properties of the 2D material film, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the modulation process. Furthermore, by collecting real-time data during the modulation process, it provides a rich information foundation for subsequent data processing and analysis, helping to further optimize the modulation process.

[0026] The data processing and analysis module 14 performs in-depth processing and analysis of the collected laser pulse data, accurately extracting key information about the laser pulse (such as pulse width, repetition rate, and energy distribution). By continuously iterating and upgrading the control solution, this module enables precise management of the modulation process and performance optimization.

[0027] The real-time monitoring and feedback module 15 monitors various laser pulse parameters and the system's operating status in real time, enabling timely identification and resolution of potential issues. By sending feedback signals to the control module, it enables real-time adjustment and optimization of the modulator and output device, forming a closed-loop control system. This real-time feedback mechanism significantly improves system stability and reliability, ensuring stable laser pulse output.

[0028] The laser output and dynamic adjustment module 16 receives and outputs pulsed laser light modulated by the two-dimensional thin film. It is also closely connected to the data processing and analysis module to adjust and optimize the output laser light in real time. This dynamic adjustment mechanism ensures high quality and stability of the output laser light, meeting the needs of different application scenarios.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, generating an initial laser pulse may include: In the embodiments of the present invention, the pump source is the energy source of the laser, responsible for converting electrical energy, light energy, or other forms of energy into the excitation energy required for the laser medium. Pump sources include semiconductor lasers, solid-state lasers, gas discharge lamps, and others. When selecting a pump source, factors such as wavelength, power, and stability should be considered.

[0030] The gain medium is the core of the laser. The atoms or molecules within it undergo energy level transitions under the stimulation of a pump source, creating a population inversion. Light from the pump source is focused onto the gain medium, causing particles within the medium to absorb photon energy and transition to higher energy levels. When the number of particles in the higher energy level exceeds that in the lower energy level, a population inversion occurs.

[0031] The resonant cavity consists of two mirrors: one fully reflective and the other partially reflective. The primary function of the resonant cavity is to provide optical feedback, allowing the laser to be reflected multiple times within the cavity and amplified. The design of the resonant cavity requires consideration of factors such as its geometry, the reflectivity of the mirrors, and the cavity length. These factors affect the laser's mode, stability, and output characteristics. When the laser reaches sufficient gain within the resonant cavity, some of the laser light is output to the outside world through the partial reflector, forming the initial laser pulse. The efficiency of the output coupling depends on the reflectivity of the partial reflector. The higher the reflectivity, the more times the laser light is amplified within the cavity, but the lower the output coupled laser power; and vice versa.

[0032] Inside a laser, laser pulses are gradually formed and amplified due to spontaneous emission from the gain medium, stimulated emission, and feedback from the resonant cavity. Laser pulse characteristics (such as pulse width, repetition rate, and peak power) depend on the laser's design parameters and operating conditions. By adjusting these parameters and operating conditions, precise control of laser pulse characteristics can be achieved.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the initial laser pulse is modulated by adjusting the parameters of the modulator, including modulation depth, frequency, and phase, to generate an ultrafast pulsed laser, which may include: Initialize the modulator parameters, including the initial setting values ​​of modulation depth, frequency, and phase, and set the relevant parameters of coordinate descent, including the number of iterations and step size; modulating the initial laser pulse according to the parameters of the initialization modulator and measuring the parameters of the modulated laser pulse; Calculate the objective function value based on the laser pulse parameters to evaluate the difference between the laser pulse and the expected ultrafast pulse under the current parameter settings; In each iteration, the next optimized coordinate direction is determined according to a predetermined order, including modulation depth, frequency, and phase, and a one-dimensional search is performed along the next optimized coordinate direction to obtain the final parameter value; Updating the final parameter value to the corresponding parameter of the modulator to obtain an updated parameter set; Modulate the laser pulse again using the updated parameter set and measure the modulated laser pulse parameters; calculate a new objective function value based on the modulated laser pulse parameters; Continuous iteration, when the coordinate descent iteration reaches the preset number of iterations, the final optimized parameter value is used to modulate the two-dimensional material film to output ultrafast pulse laser.

[0034] In an embodiment of the present invention, the initial values ​​of the modulator parameters, including the starting point of the modulation depth, frequency, and phase, are set based on the specific requirements of laser pulse modulation and the characteristics of the two-dimensional material film. At the same time, for the subsequent coordinate descent optimization algorithm, relevant parameters such as the number of iterations (e.g., 100 times) and the step size (e.g., 0.01) are set. The initial laser pulse is input into the modulator and modulated according to the set initialization parameters. During the modulation process, the optical properties of the two-dimensional material film (e.g., refractive index, absorptivity, etc.) will change with changes in the modulation parameters, thereby affecting the characteristics of the laser pulse. High-precision laser measurement equipment is used to measure the modulated laser pulse to obtain key parameters such as its pulse width, repetition frequency, and energy distribution. Then, the objective function value is calculated based on these parameters. This value reflects the degree of difference between the laser pulse and the expected ultrafast pulse under the current parameter settings.

[0035] In each iteration, the next parameter direction to be optimized is determined in a predetermined order (e.g., modulation depth first, then frequency, and finally phase). A one-dimensional search is then performed in this direction, repeatedly trying different parameter values ​​to find the parameter value that minimizes the objective function. The final parameter value obtained from the one-dimensional search is updated to the corresponding parameters of the modulator, forming a new parameter set. The laser pulse is then modulated again using this updated parameter set, and the steps of measuring and calculating the objective function are repeated. This iterative cycle of parameter initialization, laser pulse modulation and measurement, objective function calculation and evaluation, and parameter optimization continues until the iterative termination condition is reached. At this point, the parameter settings that closest resemble the desired ultrafast pulse have been found. Using the final optimized parameter values, the initial laser pulse is modulated by a two-dimensional thin film modulator, outputting a pulsed laser with ultrafast characteristics.

[0036] Assume that an initial laser pulse is modulated into an ultrafast laser pulse with a pulse width of 10 ns, a repetition rate of 1 MHz, and a uniform energy distribution using a two-dimensional thin film modulator. The initial modulation depth is set to 0.5, the initial frequency to 1 MHz (same as expected), and the initial phase to 0. The number of iterations is set to 100, with a step size of 0.01. The laser pulse is modulated using the initial parameters, and the measured pulses are 15 ns in width, 1 MHz in repetition rate, and slightly uneven in energy distribution. Based on the measured parameters, the objective function value is calculated, assuming it is 0.8 (indicating the degree of deviation from the expected ultrafast pulse). Through multiple iterations, the modulation depth, frequency, and phase are adjusted, decreasing the objective function value with each iteration until the preset number of iterations is reached or the objective function value is sufficiently small. After 100 iterations, the optimized parameter set is obtained. These parameters are used to modulate the laser pulse, resulting in an ultrafast laser pulse with a pulse width of 10 ns, a repetition rate of 1 MHz, and a uniform energy distribution.

[0037] The coordinate descent optimization algorithm enables precise adjustment of modulator parameters, bringing the laser pulse characteristics closer to those of the expected ultrafast pulses and improving modulation accuracy. During the iterative optimization process, the system continuously adjusts parameters based on feedback, reducing system instability caused by improper parameter settings and enhancing system stability. The optimized laser pulses exhibit narrower pulse widths, more stable repetition rates, and more uniform energy distribution, improving laser performance and application range. The optimized parameter settings make the laser pulse modulation process more efficient, reduce unnecessary energy consumption, and lower operating costs.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the calculation formula of the objective function value is: ; in, represents the objective function value; The weight coefficient representing the pulse width; Indicates the actual pulse width; Indicates the expected pulse width; The weight coefficient representing the repetition frequency; Indicates the actual repetition frequency; Indicates the expected repetition frequency; The weight coefficient representing the difference in energy distribution; Indicates the end time of the integration; Indicates the starting time of integration; Indicates the peak energy of the actual pulse; Indicates time; represents the time center of the actual pulse; Indicates the actual pulse width parameter; represents the peak energy of the expected pulse; represents the temporal center of the expected pulse; Parameter representing the expected pulse width.

[0039] In the embodiment of the present invention, the weight coefficients of pulse width, repetition frequency and energy distribution difference are determined according to the specific requirements and importance of laser pulse modulation. 、 and These weight coefficients will be used to balance the contribution of different parameters to the overall difference in the objective function. Use high-precision laser measurement equipment to measure the modulated laser pulse and obtain the actual pulse width , actual repetition frequency , the peak energy of the actual pulse , the time center of the actual pulse And the actual pulse width parameters .

[0040] Set the desired pulse width according to the desired target of laser pulse modulation , expected repetition frequency , the peak energy of the expected pulse , the time center of the expected pulse and the expected pulse width parameter .

[0041] Calculating the actual pulse width With the expected pulse width The square difference between them, and multiplied by the weight coefficient , get the contribution of the pulse width difference to the objective function. Calculate the actual repetition frequency Expected repetition frequency The square difference between them, and multiplied by the weight coefficient , and obtain the contribution of the repetition frequency difference to the objective function.

[0042] Determine the starting time of the integration and end time , which is determined by the actual duration of the laser pulse and the accuracy of the measurement equipment. Using the Gaussian function expressions of the actual pulse and the expected pulse, calculate at each time point The energy value on the pulse is calculated. The square difference between the actual pulse energy and the expected pulse energy at each time point is calculated. arrive Integrate over the time range to get the total contribution of energy distribution difference. Multiply the integral result by the weight coefficient , and get the contribution of the energy distribution difference to the objective function. Add the contributions of the pulse width difference, repetition frequency difference and energy distribution difference to the objective function to get the final objective function value .

[0043] By comprehensively considering differences in pulse width, repetition rate, and energy distribution, and assigning them corresponding weighting coefficients, the difference between actual laser pulses and expected ultrafast pulses can be accurately and comprehensively quantified. This helps us more accurately understand the characteristics of the current pulse. During the laser pulse modulation and optimization process, the objective function value serves as an important metric for measuring optimization effectiveness. Modulator parameters can be continuously adjusted to gradually reduce the difference between actual and expected pulses. Through continuous iterative optimization, we can gradually approach and ultimately achieve the expected ultrafast pulse characteristics. Using this objective function, parameter adjustments can be made more targeted, avoiding blind trials and ineffective iterations, thereby improving modulation efficiency. Furthermore, because the formula includes weighting coefficients for multiple key parameters, these coefficients can be adjusted according to actual needs, providing more flexible control over the optimization process. As a specific numerical indicator, the objective function value can be conveniently used to evaluate the optimization results under different modulation parameters. By comparing the objective function values ​​under different parameter combinations, it is possible to intuitively determine which parameter combination is the most optimal and thus select the final modulation scheme.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, controlling the working state of the modulator and the optical properties of the two-dimensional material film, and collecting real-time data during the modulation process may include: Placing a two-dimensional material film on the output optical path of the modulator, and connecting sensors for monitoring the optical properties of the film, including a spectrometer and an optical power meter, to a data acquisition system; Set the initial working state of the modulator, including the initial values ​​of voltage, frequency, and phase, and set the data acquisition parameters in the data acquisition system, including data type and sampling frequency; Based on the set initial state of the modulator and data acquisition parameters, a preliminary modulation scheme is developed, including the adjustment range and step size of the control parameters; A preliminary modulation scheme is applied to the modulator to start the modulation process, and during the modulation process, optical property data of the film and control parameter data of the modulator are collected in real time.

[0045] In an embodiment of the present invention, ensure that the two-dimensional material film is precisely placed in the output optical path of the modulator so that the modulated light can accurately irradiate the film. Next, connect sensors such as a spectrometer and an optical power meter to the data acquisition system. The spectrometer is used to measure the spectral characteristics of the film at different wavelengths, such as absorption, reflection, or transmittance; the optical power meter is used to measure the power change after light passes through the film. Ensure that the connection between all sensors and the data acquisition system is stable and reliable so that data can be collected in real time and accurately. According to the technical specifications of the modulator and the experimental requirements, set the initial operating state of the modulator, including the initial values ​​of voltage, frequency, and phase. These parameters will determine the modulation effect of the modulator on light. In the data acquisition system, set the data acquisition parameters according to the experimental requirements. Data types include spectral data, optical power data, etc.; the sampling frequency determines the intensity of data collection and should be adjusted appropriately according to the experimental requirements.

[0046] Based on the initial state of the modulator and the data acquisition parameters, develop a preliminary modulation scheme. This scheme should clearly define the adjustment range and step size of the control parameters to ensure an orderly and efficient modulation process. The adjustment range should be determined based on the experimental requirements and the performance of the modulator, while the step size should be determined based on the desired modulation accuracy and experimental time. Smaller step sizes can improve modulation accuracy but may increase experimental time; larger step sizes can shorten experimental time but may reduce modulation accuracy. Apply the preliminary modulation scheme to the modulator and initiate the modulation process. During the modulation process, gradually adjust the modulator's control parameters according to the scheme. Simultaneously, use the data acquisition system to collect real-time data on the film's optical properties and the modulator's control parameters. This data will be used for subsequent analysis and processing to evaluate the modulation effect and optimize the modulation scheme.

[0047] Suppose you are conducting an optical modulation experiment using a graphene-based two-dimensional material film. First, place the film in the modulator's output optical path and connect it to a spectrometer and optical power meter. Next, set the modulator's initial voltage to 5V, frequency to 1kHz, and phase to 0 degrees. The data acquisition system is set to a sampling frequency of 10kHz, with spectral and optical power data collected. Next, develop a preliminary modulation scheme, gradually increasing the voltage from 5V to 10V in 0.5V steps while observing the changes in the film's optical properties. Finally, begin the modulation process according to the scheme and collect data in real time for subsequent analysis.

[0048] Through detailed planning and real-time data collection, modulation experiments can be conducted more efficiently, reducing wasted attempts and rework, thereby improving experimental efficiency. Clearly defined modulation schemes and control parameter adjustment ranges make the experimental process more controllable, helping to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of experimental results. Real-time data can be used to evaluate the modulation effect and optimize the modulation scheme based on the feedback. This helps to more quickly find the optimal modulation parameter combination and achieve better optical modulation results.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the collected laser pulse data is processed and analyzed to extract key information, including pulse width, repetition frequency, and energy distribution. The modulation process is managed and performance optimized by continuously iterating and upgrading the control scheme, which may include: Preprocessing the collected laser pulse data to obtain processed data; Extracting key information from the processed data, including pulse width, repetition frequency, and energy distribution, and initializing a frog population based on the key information, where each frog represents a set of modulation parameters; Assign an initial position to each frog and calculate the fitness value corresponding to each frog; For each frog, perform a local search at the current location and compare the fitness values ​​corresponding to each frog to determine the final frog; Update the position of the frog group based on the final frog; Repeat the process of local search for each frog, updating the fitness value, determining the final frog, and updating the group position until the preset number of iterations is reached, and extract the final modulation parameter combination from the final frog position; The final modulation parameter combination is used to manage the modulation process and optimize performance.

[0050] In this embodiment of the present invention, the collected raw laser pulse data is cleaned to remove noise and invalid data points, ensuring data accuracy and reliability. The cleaned data is then normalized or standardized to eliminate dimensional differences between the data, ultimately generating processed data that provides a foundation for subsequent analysis. Key information such as pulse width, repetition rate, and energy distribution can be accurately extracted from the processed data.

[0051] Based on this key information, a frog population (i.e., a solution space) is initialized, where each frog represents a set of possible modulation parameter combinations. The size of the frog population can be determined based on the complexity of the problem and computational resources. Each frog is assigned an initial position in the solution space, corresponding to a specific set of modulation parameters. The fitness of each frog at its current position is calculated based on a fitness function (such as the inverse of the objective function value or its proximity to the ideal value). For each frog, a local search is performed near its current position, attempting to find a better position (i.e., a better final modulation parameter combination).

[0052] Compare the fitness values ​​of each frog after the local search and determine the final frog based on their fitness values. Update the position of the entire frog colony based on the final frog's position (i.e., the final modulation parameter combination). Set a preset number of iterations as the stopping condition. Repeat the process of local search for each frog, updating the fitness value, determining the final frog, and updating the colony's position. Extract the final modulation parameter combination from the final frog's position. This combination should be the final solution obtained after multiple iterative optimizations. Apply the final modulation parameter combination to the modulator and adjust its operating state. Monitor the modulator's performance to ensure that it achieves the desired optical modulation effect.

[0053] Suppose you are optimizing a laser pulse modulator. First, the collected laser pulse data is preprocessed to remove noise and normalize it. Then, key information such as pulse width, repetition rate, and energy distribution is extracted from the data. Based on this information, a swarm of 10 frogs is initialized, with each frog representing a set of modulation parameters. Each frog is assigned an initial position and its fitness value is calculated. Next, a local search is performed on each frog at its current position to find a better position, and the fitness values ​​are compared to determine the final frog. Based on the final frog position, the position of the frog swarm is updated, and this process is repeated until a preset number of iterations (e.g., 100) is reached. Finally, the final modulation parameter combination is extracted from the final frog position and applied to the modulator, enabling management of the modulation process and performance optimization.

[0054] By iteratively updating the control scheme, the optimal modulation parameter combination can be found more quickly, improving optimization efficiency. Local search and fitness comparison mechanisms ensure that each iteration leads to a more optimal solution, enhancing optimization effectiveness. The final modulation parameter combination enables precise control of the modulation process, improving overall system performance. Real-time data collection and analysis facilitate monitoring of modulation performance changes, enabling timely adjustments and management.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the calculation formula of the fitness value corresponding to each frog is: ; in, Indicates the fitness value corresponding to each frog; 、 represents a constant term; 、 、 represents the weight coefficient; 、 、 、 represents the adjustment parameter; Indicates the actual pulse width; Indicates the expected pulse width; Indicates the actual repetition frequency; Indicates the expected repetition frequency; 、 、 represents the exponential parameter; Indicates the number of energy distribution points; Indicates the actual energy distribution value; Indicates the expected energy distribution value.

[0056] In the embodiment of the present invention, the specific values ​​of all parameters are determined. These parameters include constant terms. and , weight coefficient 、 、 , adjustment parameters 、 、 、 , and the exponential parameter 、 、 The values ​​of these parameters are set according to the actual application scenario and optimization goals.

[0057] Collect actual measurements and expected values. This includes: Actual pulse width and the desired pulse width .

[0058] Actual repetition frequency and the expected repetition frequency .

[0059] Actual energy distribution value (This is an array containing The actual value of the energy distribution point) and the expected energy distribution value (Also an array, containing The expected value of the energy distribution point) Using the collected actual and expected values, calculate each error term: Pulse width error .

[0060] Repetition frequency error .

[0061] Since the energy distribution is an array, it is necessary to calculate the error of each point and sum the errors of all points. Here we assume that the summation is used, that is, Substitute the calculated error term into the fitness value formula to obtain the fitness value .

[0062] By comprehensively considering the pulse width error, repetition frequency error and energy distribution error, a comprehensive fitness evaluation is provided for each frog (i.e. each solution). This refined evaluation method helps to more accurately identify high-quality solutions during the optimization process. By introducing the exponential parameter , the influence of each error in the fitness calculation can be flexibly adjusted to more accurately reflect the quality of the solution. The importance of each error in the optimization process can be adjusted according to actual needs. For example, if the pulse width error has the greatest impact on system performance, you can increase The value of t is used to emphasize this error term. This provides additional flexibility for the optimization process. By adjusting these parameters, the shape of the fitness function can be altered, thereby influencing the optimization algorithm's search direction and convergence speed. By observing the changes in fitness values ​​under different parameter settings, parameter sensitivity analysis can be performed to identify the parameters that have the greatest impact on system performance and make targeted adjustments. By optimizing key parameters such as pulse width, repetition rate, and energy distribution, more precise system control can be achieved, thereby improving overall system performance and stability.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, various parameters of the laser pulse, including pulse width, repetition frequency, energy, and system operating status, including temperature and current, are monitored in real time, and feedback signals are sent to the control module to adjust and optimize the modulator and output device in real time to achieve closed-loop control, which may include: Monitor the pulse width, repetition frequency and energy parameters of the laser pulse in real time, and monitor the temperature and current operating status parameters of the system; convert the pulse width, repetition frequency, energy of the laser pulse and the temperature and current parameters of the system into digital signals through sensors; The pulse width, repetition frequency, energy of the laser pulse and the temperature and current of the system are taken as state variables, and the adjustment parameters of the modulator and output device are defined as decision variables; The changes of state variables are described by the preset state transition equation, and the stage indicators, initial state and termination conditions are set to build a dynamic programming model; Solve the dynamic programming model to obtain the final decision sequence; According to the final decision sequence, the modulator and output device are adjusted in real time, and adjustment instructions are sent to the control module to change the parameters of the modulator and the settings of the output device to obtain the adjusted laser pulse parameters and system status; Monitor the adjusted laser pulse parameters and system status in real time, and re-build the dynamic programming model and solve the final decision; The solution and adjustment process is repeated, and optimization is continuously iterated until the preset error threshold is reached. The final laser pulse parameters and system status are output to achieve real-time adjustment and optimization of the modulator and output device, forming a closed-loop control.

[0064] In an embodiment of the present invention, high-precision photoelectric sensors, as well as current and temperature sensors, are used to monitor the pulse width, repetition rate, and energy of laser pulses, as well as the system's temperature and current, in real time. These sensors convert analog signals into processable digital signals. The analog signals output by the sensors are converted to digital signals via an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). These digital signals are then fed into a data processing unit for further analysis and processing. In the control algorithm, the monitored laser pulse parameters and system state parameters are defined as state variables. Simultaneously, adjustable parameters of the modulator and output device, such as the modulator's modulation frequency and amplitude, are determined as decision variables. Based on the physical properties of the laser pulse and the system state, state transition equations are established to describe how the state variables change over time. Stage indicators (such as error minimization), initial states (such as system startup parameters), and termination conditions (such as reaching a preset error threshold) are set. A dynamic programming algorithm is used to solve the model, resulting in a series of final decisions—the final adjustment parameter sequence for the modulator and output device. Based on the resulting decision sequence, adjustment commands are sent to the modulator and output device via the control interface, changing their parameter settings in real time.

[0065] After adjusting the parameters, sensors are used again to monitor the laser pulse parameters and system status in real time. The dynamic programming model is then repeatedly constructed and solved to obtain a new optimal decision. This process of solving and adjusting is repeated, and through iterative optimization, the error between the laser pulse parameters and system status and the expected value is gradually reduced until a preset error threshold is reached. When the preset error threshold is reached, the final laser pulse parameters and system status are output. At this point, the modulator and output device have been optimized to their final state, forming a closed-loop control system.

[0066] Suppose there is a laser system that needs to monitor and adjust the pulse width, repetition rate, and energy of the laser pulses, as well as the system temperature and current in real time. Through sensors, the current pulse width is obtained as 10ns, the repetition rate is 1kHz, the energy is 1mJ, the system temperature is 25°C, and the current is 1A. The modulation frequency and amplitude of the modulator are defined as decision variables, and the goal is set to minimize the error in pulse width and energy. By constructing a dynamic programming model, a series of optimal decisions are solved, that is, the modulator should be adjusted to a specific frequency and amplitude. Based on these decisions, adjustment instructions are sent to the modulator, and the adjusted parameters are monitored in real time. After multiple iterative optimizations, we finally obtained a pulse width of 9.9ns and an energy of 0.99mJ. The system state is stable and has reached the preset error threshold.

[0067] Real-time monitoring and adjustment ensure that laser pulse parameters and system status remain within the desired range, improving system stability and accuracy. Dynamic programming algorithms, which determine optimal decisions, enable more efficient utilization of modulator and output device resources, avoiding waste. Closed-loop control systems automatically adapt to changes in the external environment and fluctuations in internal parameters, maintaining stable system performance. Real-time monitoring and adjustment enable rapid response to changes in the production process, improving production efficiency and quality. Optimizing system parameters and status reduces the risk of system failure and damage, lowering maintenance costs.

[0068] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a dynamic programming model is constructed by describing the changes of state variables through a preset state transition equation, and setting stage indicators, initial states and termination conditions, which may include: Through the preset state transfer equation Describe the state variables from a moment To the next moment , and set a reward function , to evaluate the performance indicators of the system at each decision stage; among them, Indicates that the system is at time The state vector of 、 Represents state variables; 、 represents the decision variable; 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 Indicates system parameters; 、 represents a constant term; Represents the reward function at time The value of represents the system state vector; represents the reference state vector; By measuring, the initial state of the system is determined, and according to the state transition equation and reward function, a termination condition is set, namely , the dynamic programming process terminates; among them, is the error threshold, A dynamic programming model is constructed based on the state transition equation, reward function, determined system initial state and set termination conditions.

[0069] In the embodiment of the present invention, the initial state is set and the relevant data structures of dynamic programming (such as value function table, strategy table, etc.) are initialized. , calculate all decisions (i.e. and The next state corresponding to all combinations of According to the reward function Calculate the reward value corresponding to each decision.

[0070] Update the value function table to record the maximum cumulative reward and optimal decision corresponding to each state. After each decision phase, check whether the termination condition is met. If the termination condition is met, the dynamic programming process terminates and the optimal decision sequence and final state are output. If the termination condition is not met, the calculation of the next decision stage is continued. When the dynamic programming process terminates, the final decision sequence (i.e. the optimal state of each decision stage) is output. and Output the final state , at this time the system state should be as close to the reference state as possible .

[0071] Dynamic programming models find the decision sequence that ultimately achieves optimal system performance. Through iterative calculations, the model considers all possible decision combinations and selects those that maximize the cumulative reward (that is, minimize the error between the system state and the reference state). This helps improve the overall performance of the system, making it more stable and efficient. The design of the reward function is directly related to the error between the system state and the reference state. By minimizing this error, the dynamic programming model accurately controls the system state, keeping it as close as possible to the desired reference state. This is particularly important for systems requiring high-precision control, such as laser systems and robotic control systems. Dynamic programming models can handle changes in system parameters and states. Because the model is based on state transition equations, it can predict future states based on the current system state and decision variables. This enables the system to better adapt to changes in the external environment and fluctuations in internal parameters, maintaining stable performance. Dynamic programming models not only provide the final decision sequence but also provide state information and reward values ​​for each decision stage. This information provides valuable insights for decision makers, helping them better understand the system's behavior and make more informed decisions.

[0072] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, solving the dynamic programming model to obtain the final decision sequence may include: Create a dynamic programming table based on the system's state space and decision space, and set initial values ​​for each state in the dynamic programming table; Initialize a decision field for each state in the dynamic programming table, and start from the last decision stage and recursively calculate the final value of each state at each stage; For each state, the future state is calculated according to the state transition equation, and the performance of the current decision is evaluated according to the reward function to update the final value of the current state and the corresponding decision; When the final values ​​of all stages are calculated, the dynamic programming table stores the final value and corresponding decision of each state in each stage. Starting from the initial state, according to the final decision stored in the dynamic programming table, it moves forward step by step until all decision stages are completed and the final decision sequence is obtained.

[0073] In an embodiment of the present invention, the state space and decision space of the system are clearly defined. The state space contains all possible states, and the decision space contains all possible decisions. A dynamic programming table (a two-dimensional array) is created, whose rows represent decision stages and columns represent states. Initial values ​​are set for each state in the dynamic programming table. These initial values ​​can be arbitrary, but are set to a special value indicating "not calculated" or "infinity". In the dynamic programming table, a decision field is added to each state to store the decision when the optimal value of the state is reached. Starting from the last decision stage (that is, the stage where the termination condition is located), the final value of each state in each stage is calculated in reverse recursion. This is because dynamic programming utilizes the property of the final substructure, that is, the final solution to a problem contains the final solution to its subproblems. For each state, when calculating its final value, it is necessary to consider all possible decisions and select the decision that maximizes the cumulative reward.

[0074] For the current state, we traverse all possible decisions. For each decision, we use the state transition equation to calculate the future state. We use the reward function to evaluate the performance of the current decision, that is, to calculate the reward value brought by the current decision.

[0075] The final value of the current state is updated by combining the final value of the future state (calculated in the reverse recursive process) and the reward value of the current decision. Simultaneously, the decision field of the current state is updated to record the decision made when the optimal value was reached. Once the final values ​​of all stages are calculated, the dynamic programming table will contain the final value and corresponding decision for each state at each stage. Starting from the initial state, the system proceeds step by step based on the final decisions stored in the dynamic programming table. Specifically, the decision field of the initial state is examined to find the optimal decision. Based on this decision and the state transition equation, the next state is calculated, and this process is repeated. This process continues until all decision stages are completed, resulting in the final decision sequence. This decision sequence is the combination of decisions that ultimately results in system performance.

[0076] Suppose there is a dynamic programming problem where the state space is , the decision space is , the number of decision stages is 3.

[0077] The dynamic programming table is initialized as follows (assuming the initial value is infinite): ; Through reverse recursive calculation, we can get the final value and corresponding decision of each state at each stage (assuming the calculation has been completed): ; Starting from the initial state 0, according to the final decision stored in the dynamic programming table, we get the final decision sequence: A, B, A.

[0078] Dynamic programming models can find the decision sequence that optimizes system performance, thereby helping decision makers make better decisions. The storage and reverse recursive computation of dynamic programming tables improves computational efficiency. The dynamic programming table not only provides the final decision sequence but also records the final value and corresponding decision for each state at each stage, making the decision-making process clearer and more traceable. Dynamic programming models can handle complex state and decision spaces, as well as different state transition equations and reward functions, demonstrating strong adaptability. Dynamic programming models are relatively simple to implement and easily extend to more complex problems, such as multi-stage decision problems and those with continuous state spaces.

[0079] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, receiving and outputting pulsed laser light modulated by a two-dimensional material film, and connecting to a data processing and analysis module to adjust and optimize the output laser light in real time may include: The received pulsed laser is guided to a two-dimensional material thin film modulator, and the pulsed laser is modulated according to preset modulation parameters, including modulation frequency and amplitude, to obtain a modulated pulsed laser; Output the modulated pulsed laser from the modulator and set the output parameters, including beam diameter and divergence angle; The output modulated pulse laser is introduced into the data processing and analysis module, in which the modulated pulse laser signal is adjusted and optimized in real time, including extracting key parameters of the laser and calculating performance indicators.

[0080] In an embodiment of the present invention, the pulsed laser source is ensured to operate stably and continuously output stable pulsed laser light. Optical elements (such as lenses and mirrors) are used to precisely guide the pulsed laser light to the input of a two-dimensional material thin film modulator. Modulation parameters are preset based on experimental or application requirements, including the modulation frequency (i.e., the speed at which the modulation signal changes) and the modulation amplitude (i.e., the maximum amount of change in the modulation signal). The modulator is activated to modulate the input pulsed laser light according to the preset modulation parameters. During the modulation process, the two-dimensional material thin film changes its optical properties (e.g., refractive index, transmittance, etc.), thereby changing the characteristics of the pulsed laser light.

[0081] The modulated pulsed laser is output from the modulator's output port. At the modulator's output port, appropriate optical components (such as collimators and beam expanders) are used to shape and collimate the modulated pulsed laser to ensure that its beam diameter and divergence meet the requirements of subsequent applications. The position and parameters of the optical components are adjusted as needed to precisely control the beam diameter and divergence. For example, adjusting the magnification of the beam expander can change the beam diameter, while adjusting the angle and position of the collimator can control the beam divergence.

[0082] Use tools such as a beam quality analyzer to measure and verify the beam diameter and divergence angle of the output laser to ensure that they meet the preset requirements.

[0083] The modulated pulsed laser is introduced into the data processing and analysis module through an optical fiber. In the data processing and analysis module, a high-speed photodetector is used to convert the laser signal into an electrical signal. The converted electrical signal is sampled and digitized in real time to obtain key parameters such as the laser waveform, frequency, and amplitude. Based on the obtained key parameters, the laser performance indicators such as pulse width, peak power, and energy stability are calculated. Based on the performance indicators and preset optimization goals, the modulation parameters are adjusted and optimized in real time to improve the performance of the laser. For example, if the pulse width is too large, it can be reduced by increasing the modulation frequency; if the energy stability is poor, it can be optimized by adjusting the modulation amplitude. The optimized modulation parameters are fed back to the modulator to achieve real-time adjustment and optimization control of the pulsed laser.

[0084] Suppose there is a pulsed laser system for material processing applications. It is hoped that the laser can be modulated using a two-dimensional material thin film modulator to improve its processing performance. The pulsed laser is directed to the modulator, and the modulation frequency is set to 10 MHz and the modulation amplitude is 5%. A beam expander is used to expand the modulated laser beam diameter to 5 mm, and the collimator is adjusted to ensure that the beam divergence angle is less than 1 mrad. The modulated laser is introduced into the data processing and analysis module to monitor its waveform and peak power in real time. Analysis shows that the laser pulse width is too large, resulting in insufficient processing accuracy. Therefore, the modulation frequency is increased to 20 MHz, and the modulation amplitude is adjusted accordingly. After optimization, the laser pulse width is significantly reduced, and the processing accuracy is improved.

[0085] Modulating pulsed lasers using a two-dimensional thin film modulator can improve laser performance indicators such as pulse width, peak power, and energy stability to meet the needs of different applications. Real-time adjustment and optimization of laser parameters can improve the precision and efficiency of material processing, reducing scrap rates and processing costs. Introducing the modulated laser into a data processing and analysis module for real-time monitoring and optimization enables intelligent control of the laser system, improving the system's automation and stability. Modulated pulsed lasers offer improved performance and potential, extending their potential to more applications such as optical communications, healthcare, and scientific research. Real-time adjustment of modulation parameters allows for flexible response to changes in processing materials, thicknesses, and shapes, enhancing the system's adaptability and flexibility.

[0086] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Ultrafast pulse laser system based on two-dimensional material film modulation, characterized by: include: A laser light source module, used to generate an initial laser pulse; A two-dimensional material film modulation module is used to modulate the initial laser pulse by adjusting the parameters of the modulator, including modulation depth, frequency, and phase, to generate ultrafast pulsed lasers; A control module, used to control the working state of the modulator and the optical properties of the two-dimensional material film, and to collect real-time data during the modulation process; The data processing and analysis module is used to process and analyze the collected laser pulse data, extract key information, including pulse width, repetition frequency, and energy distribution, and manage and optimize the modulation process through continuous iteration and upgrading of the control scheme; The real-time monitoring and feedback module is used to monitor various parameters of the laser pulse in real time, including pulse width, repetition frequency, energy and the operating status of the system, including temperature and current, and send feedback signals to the control module to adjust and optimize the modulator and output device in real time to achieve closed-loop control; The laser output and dynamic adjustment module is used to receive and output pulsed laser modulated by the two-dimensional material film, and is connected to the data processing and analysis module to adjust and optimize the output laser in real time.

2. The ultrafast pulse laser system based on two-dimensional material film modulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: By adjusting the parameters of the modulator, including modulation depth, frequency, and phase, the initial laser pulse is modulated to generate ultrafast pulsed lasers, including: Initialize the modulator parameters, including the initial setting values ​​of modulation depth, frequency, and phase, and set the relevant parameters of coordinate descent, including the number of iterations and step size; modulating the initial laser pulse according to the parameters of the initialization modulator, and measuring the parameters of the modulated laser pulse; Calculating the objective function value based on the laser pulse parameters to evaluate the difference between the laser pulse and the expected ultrafast pulse under the current parameter settings; In each iteration, the next optimized coordinate direction is determined according to a predetermined order, including modulation depth, frequency, and phase, and a one-dimensional search is performed along the next optimized coordinate direction to obtain the final parameter value; updating the final parameter value into the corresponding parameter of the modulator to obtain an updated parameter set; Modulate the laser pulse again using the updated parameter set, and measure the modulated laser pulse parameters; calculate new objective function values ​​based on the modulated laser pulse parameters; Continue to iterate. When the coordinate descent iteration reaches the preset number of iterations, use the final optimized parameter value to modulate the two-dimensional material film to output ultrafast pulse laser.

3. The ultrafast pulse laser system based on two-dimensional material film modulation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the objective function value is: ; in, represents the objective function value; The weight coefficient representing the pulse width; Indicates the actual pulse width; represents the expected pulse width; The weight coefficient representing the repetition frequency; Indicates the actual repetition frequency; indicates the expected repetition frequency; The weight coefficient representing the difference in energy distribution; Indicates the end time of the integration; Indicates the starting time of integration; Indicates the peak energy of the actual pulse; Indicates time; represents the time center of the actual pulse; Indicates the width parameter of the actual pulse; represents the peak energy of the expected pulse; represents the temporal center of the expected pulse; A parameter representing the width of the expected pulse.

4. The ultrafast pulse laser system based on two-dimensional material film modulation according to claim 3, characterized in that: Control the working state of the modulator and the optical properties of the 2D material film, and collect real-time data during the modulation process, including: Placing a two-dimensional material film in the output optical path of the modulator, and connecting sensors for monitoring the optical properties of the film, including a spectrometer and an optical power meter, to a data acquisition system; Setting the initial working state of the modulator, including the initial values ​​of voltage, frequency, and phase, and setting the data acquisition parameters in the data acquisition system, including the data type and sampling frequency; According to the set initial state of the modulator and data acquisition parameters, formulate a preliminary modulation scheme, including the adjustment range and step size of the control parameters; A preliminary modulation scheme is applied to the modulator to start the modulation process, and during the modulation process, optical property data of the film and control parameter data of the modulator are collected in real time.

5. The ultrafast pulse laser system based on two-dimensional material film modulation according to claim 4, characterized in that: Process and analyze the collected laser pulse data to extract key information, including pulse width, repetition frequency, and energy distribution. Through continuous iteration and upgrading of the control scheme, the management and performance optimization of the modulation process are achieved, including: Preprocessing the collected laser pulse data to obtain processed data; Extract key information from the processed data, including pulse width, repetition frequency and energy distribution, and initialize a frog population based on the key information, where each frog represents a set of modulation parameters; Assign an initial position to each frog and calculate the corresponding fitness value of each frog; For each frog, perform a local search at the current location and compare the fitness values ​​corresponding to each frog to determine the final frog; According to the final frog, update the position of the frog group; Repeat the process of local search for each frog, updating the fitness value, determining the final frog and updating the group position until a preset number of iterations is reached, and extract the final modulation parameter combination from the position of the final frog; The final modulation parameter combination is used to manage the modulation process and optimize its performance.

6. The ultrafast pulse laser system based on two-dimensional material film modulation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the fitness value of each frog is: ; in, Indicates the fitness value corresponding to each frog; , represents a constant term; , , represents the weight coefficient; , , , represents the adjustment parameter; Indicates the actual pulse width; Indicates the expected pulse width; Indicates the actual repetition frequency; Indicates the expected repetition frequency; , , represents the exponential parameter; Indicates the number of energy distribution points; Indicates the actual energy distribution value; Represents the expected energy distribution value.

7. The ultrafast pulse laser system based on two-dimensional material film modulation according to claim 6, characterized in that: Real-time monitoring of various parameters of laser pulses, including pulse width, repetition frequency, energy and system operating status, including temperature and current, and sending feedback signals to the control module to adjust and optimize the modulator and output device in real time to achieve closed-loop control, including: Monitor the pulse width, repetition frequency and energy parameters of the laser pulse in real time, and monitor the temperature and current operating status parameters of the system; convert the pulse width, repetition frequency, energy of the laser pulse and the temperature and current parameters of the system into digital signals through sensors; The pulse width, repetition frequency, energy of the laser pulse and the temperature and current of the system are taken as state variables, and the adjustment parameters of the modulator and the output device are defined as decision variables; The changes of state variables are described by the preset state transition equation, and the stage indicators, initial state and termination conditions are set to build a dynamic programming model; Solve the dynamic programming model to obtain the final decision sequence; According to the final decision sequence, the modulator and the output device are adjusted in real time, and adjustment instructions are sent to the control module to change the parameters of the modulator and the settings of the output device to obtain the adjusted laser pulse parameters and system status; Monitor the adjusted laser pulse parameters and system status in real time, and re-build the dynamic programming model and solve the final decision; The solution and adjustment process is repeated, and the optimization is continuously iterated until the preset error threshold is reached, and the final laser pulse parameters and system status are output to achieve real-time adjustment and optimization of the modulator and output device to form a closed-loop control.

8. The ultrafast pulse laser system based on two-dimensional material film modulation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The changes of state variables are described by the preset state transition equation, and the stage indicators, initial state and termination conditions are set to build a dynamic programming model, including: By pre-set state transfer equation Describe the state variables from a moment To the next moment , and set a reward function , to evaluate the performance indicators of the system at each decision stage; among them, Indicates that the system is at time The state vector of , Represents state variables; , represents the decision variable; , , , , , , , Indicates system parameters; , represents a constant term; Represents the reward function at time The value of represents the system state vector; represents the reference state vector; By measuring, the initial state of the system is determined, and a termination condition is set according to the state transfer equation and the reward function, that is, , the dynamic programming process terminates; among them, is the error threshold, A dynamic programming model is constructed based on the state transfer equation, reward function, determined system initial state and set termination conditions.

9. The ultrafast pulse laser system based on two-dimensional material film modulation according to claim 8, characterized in that: Solve the dynamic programming model to obtain the final decision sequence, including: According to the state space and decision space of the system, create a dynamic programming table and set the initial value for each state in the dynamic programming table; Initialize a decision field for each state in the dynamic programming table, and start from the last decision stage, and recursively calculate the final value of each state at each stage; For each state, the future state is calculated according to the state transition equation, and the performance of the current decision is evaluated according to the reward function to update the final value of the current state and the corresponding decision; When the final values ​​of all stages are calculated, the dynamic programming table stores the final value and corresponding decision of each state in each stage, and starts from the initial state and moves forward step by step according to the final decision stored in the dynamic programming table until all decision stages are completed and the final decision sequence is obtained.

10. The ultrafast pulse laser system based on two-dimensional material film modulation according to claim 9, characterized in that: Receive and output pulsed laser modulated by two-dimensional material film, and connect with data processing and analysis module to adjust and optimize the output laser in real time, including: The received pulse laser is guided to the two-dimensional material film modulator, and the pulse laser is modulated according to preset modulation parameters, including modulation frequency and amplitude, to obtain a modulated pulse laser; Output the modulated pulse laser from the modulator and set the output parameters, including beam diameter and divergence angle; The output modulated pulse laser is introduced into the data processing and analysis module, in which the modulated pulse laser signal is adjusted and optimized in real time, including extracting key parameters of the laser and calculating performance indicators.

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