Method for raising seedlings of round-leaf grapes by grafting
By using Wutian brocades or its root system as the grafting rootstock of round leaf grapes, the two -root system is established to solve the problem of breeding difficulties of round leaf grape seedlings, and the rapid seedling and high seedlings are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411726461.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-28
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
The seedlings of round-leaf grapes are not easy to reproduce, they are difficult to take root through cuttings, and are not affinity with conventional grape rootstocks and have low survival rates, resulting in limited industrialization and promotion planting.
The grafting rootstock of the grape grapes is used as the grape grapes, and the two -root system is used to promote the healing, germination and growth of the grafting interface through the dual -root system.
The problem of cuttings of round leaves and grape branches, and achieved the effect of fast seedlings and high seedling rates.
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Figure CN119366362A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of asexual reproduction, and in particular relates to a method for raising muscadine grape seedlings by grafting. Background Art
[0002] Muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.), Vitis rotundifolia subgenus, Vitaceae, has green, copper, red, black and other colors, and has a special aroma and flavor. It can be eaten fresh or processed into juice, preserved fruit, jam, wine, etc. It is rich in nutrition and contains abundant plant secondary metabolites such as resveratrol, quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, etc., including tannic acid and its derivatives, 3,5-diglycoside anthocyanidins and other unique natural products that other grapes do not have, which are beneficial to human health. In addition, Muscadine grape also has excellent disease resistance, and is highly resistant or even immune to various diseases such as downy mildew, black pox, powdery mildew, etc. However, unlike the common grapes of the subgenus Euvitis, which have 19 pairs of chromosomes, Muscadine grape has 20 pairs of chromosomes, and its seedlings are not easy to propagate. On the one hand, it is not easy to root when cutting, and on the other hand, it is not compatible with conventional grape rootstocks for grafting and is not easy to survive. Generally, the method of high-altitude layering of large trees is used for reproduction and seedling raising. However, the speed of high-altitude layering seedling raising is slow and the root system is underdeveloped, which seriously restricts the industrialization and promotion of muscadine grape planting. Summary of the invention
[0003] The invention aims to provide a method for grafting muscadine grapes. The method solves the problem that muscadine grape branches are difficult to root by cuttings, and has a fast seedling propagation speed and a high seedling success rate.
[0004] The invention provides application of a rootstock in muscadine grape grafting. The rootstock is a quinquefolia seedling, a quinquefolia root system or a winter grape 5BB root system.
[0005] The present invention also provides a method for grafting muscadine grapes, comprising the following steps:
[0006] Grafting muscadine grape cuttings onto rootstocks and planting them in nutrient pots for seedling cultivation; after the grafting sites heal and sprout, transplanting the seedlings into cup seedlings for seedling management; the rootstocks include the root system of Parthenocissus quinquefolius, the root system of winter grape 5BB or Parthenocissus quinquefolius seedlings.
[0007] Preferably, the cultivation medium used for raising seedlings includes sawdust.
[0008] Preferably, during the planting, all parts except the part above the grafting point are buried in sawdust.
[0009] Preferably, the daytime temperature of the seedling raising process is 20-30°C; the nighttime temperature of the seedling raising process is 15-20°C; the air humidity of the seedling raising process is 75%-85%; and the frequency of watering during the seedling raising process is once every 3-5 days.
[0010] Preferably, the cultivation medium used for planting the cup seedlings includes rice husk charcoal and garden soil; the volume ratio of the rice husk charcoal to the garden soil is 1:1.
[0011] Preferably, when the cup seedlings are planted, 1 to 2 nodes of the new branches above the grafting point are buried in the soil.
[0012] Preferably, the seedling management includes watering to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 70% to 85% until the portion of the muscadine grape scion buried in the soil grows a second root system.
[0013] Preferably, when the muscadine grape plant grows to 30 cm, a pole is inserted or a rope is used to tie the plant;
[0014] Preferably, the nutrient pot is a non-woven seedling pot; and the step of transplanting the seedlings into cup seedlings includes transplanting the seedlings together with the non-woven nutrient pot and then transplanting the seedlings into the cup seedlings.
[0015] The present invention provides an application of stock in muscadine grafting, the stock being five-leaf bistort seedling, five-leaf bistort root system or winter grape 5BB root system. The present invention uses five-leaf bistort root system, winter grape 5BB root system or five-leaf bistort seedling as the stock for muscadine grafting, and utilizes five-leaf bistort root system, winter grape 5BB root system or five-leaf bistort seedling (first root system) to absorb water nutrition, and can promote the healing, germination and growth of the grafting interface of muscadine cuttings. After the muscadine cuttings themselves sprout out the root system (second root system), it can promote its better and faster growth. The present invention adopts the root system (first root system) of grafting stock to absorb water nutrition, promote the healing, germination and growth of the grafting interface, and the root system (second root system) that muscadine itself sprouts promotes its better and faster growth. The present invention is cultivated by a double root system system, solves the problem that the root cutting of muscadine itself is difficult to root, and the seedling speed is fast and the seedling rate is high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.
[0017] Figure 1 Grafting diagram for the rootstock of the five-leafed brocade seedling;
[0018] Figure 2The rootstock grafting diagram for the winter grape 5BB root system;
[0019] Figure 3 This is the second root system diagram of Muscadine grape;
[0020] Figure 4 This is a diagram for seedling management. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The invention provides application of a rootstock in muscadine grape grafting. The rootstock is a quinquefolia seedling, a quinquefolia root system or a winter grape 5BB root system.
[0022] The present invention uses the root system of five-leaf brocade, the root system of winter grape 5BB or the seedling of five-leaf brocade as the stock for the grafting of muscadine grape, and utilizes the root system of five-leaf brocade, the root system of winter grape 5BB or the seedling of five-leaf brocade (first root system) to absorb water nutrition, and can promote the healing, germination and growth of the grafting interface of muscadine grape cuttings. After the muscadine grape cuttings themselves sprout the root system (second root system), it can promote its better and faster growth. The present invention adopts the root system (first root system) of grafted stock to absorb water nutrition, promotes the healing, germination and growth of the grafting interface, and the root system (second root system) that muscadine grape itself sprouts promotes its better and faster growth. The present invention is cultivated by a double root system system, solves the problem that the root cutting of muscadine grape itself is difficult to root, and the seedling speed is fast and the seedling rate is high.
[0023] In the specific implementation process of the present invention, Parthenocissus quinquefolius belongs to the genus Parthenocissus of the Vitaceae family, and Winter Grape 5BB belongs to the genus Vitis; the Parthenocissus quinquefolius seedlings are Parthenocissus quinquefolius cuttings; the root system of Parthenocissus quinquefolius and / or the root system of Winter Grape 5BB are the main roots; the thickness of the root system of Parthenocissus quinquefolius and / or the root system of Winter Grape 5BB is 0.3-0.4 cm.
[0024] In the specific implementation process of the present invention, the collection period of the five-leaf parthenocissus seedlings and / or the winter grape 5BB root system is the dormant period, which is from December to January of the following year.
[0025] The present invention also provides a method for grafting muscadine grapes, comprising the following steps:
[0026] Grafting muscadine grape cuttings onto rootstocks and planting them in nutrient pots for seedling cultivation; after the grafting sites heal and sprout, transplanting the seedlings into cup seedlings for seedling management; the rootstocks include the root system of Parthenocissus quinquefolius, the root system of winter grape 5BB or Parthenocissus quinquefolius seedlings.
[0027] The invention firstly grafts muscadine grape cuttings onto rootstocks, and plants the rootstocks in nutrient pots for seedling cultivation; the rootstocks include the root system of Parthenocissus quinquefolius, the root system of winter grape 5BB or the seedlings of Parthenocissus quinquefolius.
[0028] In the specific implementation process of the present invention, the muscadine grape cuttings are cut from healthy and disease-free muscadine grape plant branches; the muscadine grape plant branches are collected in winter when the grapes are dormant; each muscadine grape cutting contains 10 to 12 buds; and the muscadine grape cuttings are stored in a low temperature refrigeration at 4°C.
[0029] In the specific implementation process of the present invention, the grafting includes cleft grafting; the depth of the cleft grafting is 1 to 2 cm, preferably 1.5 cm; the nutrient pot is a non-woven nutrient pot; the non-woven nutrient pot is a 10 cm non-woven nutrient pot, which is very thin and can be penetrated by roots without damaging the roots and having a slow seedling growth period; the seedlings are raised in a shed; the cultivation medium used in the seedlings includes sawdust; the sawdust is pine sawdust, which is obtained by crushing pine branches; during the planting, except for the part above the grafting point, the rest is buried in the sawdust; the daytime temperature of the seedlings is 20 to 30°C, preferably 25°C; the nighttime temperature of the seedlings is 15 to 20°C, preferably 18°C; the air humidity of the seedlings is 75% to 85%, preferably 80%; the frequency of watering during the seedling raising process is once every 3 to 5 days.
[0030] After the grafting site is healed and germinated, the present invention transplants the seedlings into cup seedlings and performs seedling management.
[0031] In the specific implementation process of the present invention, the transplanting of seedlings into cup seedlings includes transplanting the seedlings together with the non-woven fabric nutrient pots and then transplanting the cup seedlings; the transplanting time is the 3-4 leaf stage; the cup seedlings are transplanted using nutrient pots; the nutrient pots are 30 cm large nutrient pots; the cultivation matrix used for the cup seedlings includes rice husk charcoal and garden soil; the volume ratio of the rice husk charcoal and garden soil is 1:1; when the cup seedlings are transplanted, the non-woven fabric nutrient pot seedlings are directly planted into the large nutrient pots, and the new branches above the grafting point are also buried in the soil for 1-2 sections.
[0032] After the cup seedlings are planted, the present invention performs seedling management.
[0033] In the specific implementation process of the present invention, the seedling management includes watering to keep the relative moisture content of the soil at 70% to 85% until the second root system grows out of the first node of the muscadine scion buried in the soil. The root system of the quinquefolia is relatively thin, and its root system can only take root in the soil in a shallow layer, which can promote the growth of the second root system of the muscadine itself. The root system can penetrate into the soil, and the seedlings grow fast and strong. At 150 days, the height of the seedlings is more than 35 cm higher than that of the seedlings without the second root system, which also provides a guarantee for the growth and fruiting of the muscadine in the later stage.
[0034] In the specific implementation process of the present invention, when the muscadine grape plant grows to 30 cm, the muscadine grape plant is easily fallen over due to its thin branches, so a pole is inserted or a rope is used to tie up the plant.
[0035] In order to further illustrate the present invention, a method for grafting muscadine grapes provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0036] Example 1
[0037] A method for grafting muscadine grapes, comprising the following steps:
[0038] (1) Grafting: Select healthy, disease-free muscadine grape branches in winter, cut the branches into cuttings with 10 to 12 buds, and store them at 4°C for freshness.
[0039] (2) Select rootstock: Select five-leaf Parthenocissus cuttings of the genus Parthenocissus of the grape family from January to March ( Figure 1 ) was used as the rootstock and low-temperature refrigerated Muscadine grapes were used as the scion (one bud and one seedling) for grafting. The grafting method was cleft grafting and the grafting depth was 1.5 cm.
[0040] (3) Seedling cultivation in nutrient pots: After grafting, plant them in 10 cm non-woven nutrient pots, use sawdust made from crushed pine branches as the cultivation medium, and bury the rest of the seeds except the part above the grafting point in sawdust. The temperature in the greenhouse is around 25°C during the day and around 18°C at night, and the air humidity is 80%. Water them once every 3 to 5 days and wait for the grafting point to heal and germinate.
[0041] (4) Transplantation of cup seedlings: At the 3-4 leaf stage, select a 30 cm large nutrient pot for cup seedling planting. The planting soil is a mixture of rice husk charcoal and garden soil. The volume ratio of rice husk charcoal and garden soil is 1:1. The above non-woven nutrient pot seedlings are directly planted in the large nutrient pot, and the new branches above the soil grafting point are also buried in the soil for 1 section.
[0042] (5) Management during the seedling stage 1: Water the soil once every 7 days to keep it moist and irrigate thoroughly. The relative moisture content of the soil should be 70% to 85%. The soil should be highly humid and breathable until the first node of the muscadine scion buried in the soil grows roots, i.e., the second root system (see Figure 3 ).
[0043] (6) Management during the seedling stage 2: Muscadine grape branches are thin and easy to fall over. When they grow to 30 cm, they should be tied with poles or ropes (see Figure 4 ).
[0044] Example 2
[0045] Except that the rootstock in step (2) is the root system of Vitis genus Winter Grape 5BB ( Figure 2 ), the rest is the same as in Example 1.
[0046] Comparative Example 1
[0047] Hardwood cuttings.
[0048] In winter, collect muscadine grape branches, cut them into 2-3 bud stem segments and store them in sand, and then carry out cuttings in March of the following year. Refer to the technical specifications for the breeding of grape seedlings in Zhejiang Province. For details, see [Qian Dongnan, Wu Jiang, Yan Lingjuan, et al. Technical specifications for the breeding of grape seedlings in Zhejiang Province [J]. Chinese and Foreign Grapes and Wines, 2015, (05): 28-31].
[0049] Comparative Example 2
[0050] For high-altitude layering propagation, one branch has 6 to 10 buds, forming one seedling. Refer to the high-altitude layering technology of grapes, for details, see [Wang Fengrong, Li Dianxun. High-altitude layering technology of grapes [J]. Jilin Agriculture, 2004, (07): 20].
[0051] Test Example 1
[0052] The cultivation results of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the method of the present invention solves the problem of commercial breeding of muscadine grape seedlings by grafting, with a high rooting rate, a fast seedling propagation speed, and a seedling rate of more than 60%.
[0053] Table 1 Comparison of different methods of seedling propagation of muscadine grapes
[0054]
[0055] Comparative Example 3
[0056] 5BB and Beda seedlings were selected as rootstocks for grafting muscadine grapes. Due to the poor affinity between the scion and the rootstock, the grafting site was difficult to heal, and the grafting rate of 5BB and Beda seedlings was only less than 10%.
[0057] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. Application of rootstock in muscadine grape grafting, wherein the rootstock is quinquefolia seedlings, quinquefolia root system or winter grape 5BB root system.
2. A method for grafting muscadine grapes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Graft the muscadine grape cuttings onto the rootstock and plant them in a nutrient pot for seedling cultivation; when the grafting joint heals and sprouts, transplant the seedlings into cup seedlings for seedling management; The rootstock includes the root system of Parthenocissus quinquefolius, the root system of winter grape 5BB or the seedling of Parthenocissus quinquefolius.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The cultivation medium used in the seedling cultivation includes sawdust.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that During the planting, all parts except the part above the grafting point are buried in sawdust.
5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The daytime temperature of the seedling cultivation is 20-30°C; the nighttime temperature of the seedling cultivation is 15-20°C; the air humidity of the seedling cultivation is 75%-85%; and the frequency of watering during the seedling cultivation process is once every 3-5 days.
6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The cultivation medium used for planting the cup seedlings includes rice husk charcoal and garden soil; the volume ratio of the rice husk charcoal to the garden soil is 1:
1.
7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that When the cup seedlings are planted, 1 to 2 nodes of the new branches above the grafting point are buried in the soil.
8. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The seedling management includes watering to keep the relative moisture content of the soil at 70% to 85% until the part of the muscadine grape scion buried in the soil grows a second root system.
9. The method according to claim 2 or 8, characterized in that: When the muscadine grape plants grow to 30cm, insert poles or tie the plants with ropes.
10. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The nutrient pot is a non-woven seedling pot; the step of transplanting the seedlings into cup seedlings includes transplanting the seedlings together with the non-woven nutrient pot and then transplanting the seedlings into the cup seedlings.