Germination accelerating and seedling raising device based on phase change heat preservation and germination accelerating method

Abstract

The invention discloses a germination accelerating and seedling raising device based on phase change heat preservation and a germination accelerating method. Wherein the germination accelerating and seedling raising box top plate, the germination accelerating and seedling raising box bottom plate, the germination accelerating and seedling raising box back plate and the two germination accelerating and seedling raising box side walls define a germination accelerating box body with an open side face, at least one germination accelerating and seedling raising box layer partition plate is fixedly arranged in the germination accelerating box body, and the space in the germination accelerating box body is divided into a plurality of cultivation bed mounting chambers by the germination accelerating and seedling raising box layer partition plates; a detachable and horizontally placed cultivation bed is mounted in each cultivation bed mounting chamber, and a seedling bed movable baffle is arranged at an opening of each cultivation bed mounting chamber; a negative pressure fan is mounted on the back plate of the germination accelerating and seedling raising box, and the position of the negative pressure fan corresponds to that of the corresponding cultivation bed mounting chamber. The temperature of the cultivation bed mounting chamber in the germination accelerating box is regulated and controlled through the phase change material and the negative pressure fan, the mode that a traditional germination accelerating machine must be heated all the time is replaced, and energy saving, safety and environment friendliness are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of planting substrate and soilless cultivation, and in particular relates to a germination and seedling raising device based on phase change and heat preservation. Background Art

[0002] Vegetable germination and seedling raising refers to the growth process of vegetable seeds from sowing to planting. Vegetable seedling raising is the first step in the vegetable production process and an important link in obtaining early maturity, high yield and high returns of vegetables. The purpose of vegetable seedling raising is to create a suitable environmental condition for the early growth of vegetables, so as to extend the growing season, increase the number of plantings, improve land utilization, thereby increasing the yield per unit area and improving economic benefits.

[0003] Not only in the growth process of crops, such as tomatoes, germination and seedling raising can promote early maturity and high yield of tomatoes, extend the growing season, regulate market supply, save seeds and reduce costs; it can also reduce and avoid the impact of adversity on the growth and development of seedlings of crops such as tomatoes, which is conducive to high yields and harvests. Since seedling raising is carried out in protected areas, even under harsh climatic conditions, superior environmental conditions can be artificially created to meet the needs of seedling growth and development. When dividing seedlings, high-quality strong seedlings can be selected, weak seedlings and diseased seedlings can be removed, and the quality of seedlings can be improved. When seedlings are planted in the field, they grow and develop uniformly, laying a solid foundation for high yields and harvests. Traditional germination and seedling raising boxes are limited by factors such as environmental pollution and waste of resources. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the background technology, the present invention provides a germination and seedling raising device based on phase change insulation, the technical scheme includes: a germination and seedling raising box, a cultivation bed, a heat storage copper tube, a phase change material, an atomizer, a nutrient solution circulation system and a negative pressure fan; the germination and seedling raising box includes: a germination and seedling raising box door, a germination and seedling raising box side wall, a germination and seedling raising box top plate, a germination and seedling raising box bottom plate and a germination and seedling raising box back plate, wherein the germination and seedling raising box top plate, the germination and seedling raising box bottom plate, the germination and seedling raising box back plate and two germination and seedling raising boxes are provided. The side walls of the box form a germination box body with an open side, and at least one germination and seedling box layer partition is fixed in the germination box body, and the germination and seedling box layer partition divides the space in the germination box body into a plurality of cultivation bed installation rooms, each cultivation bed installation room is installed with a detachable and horizontally placed cultivation bed, and a seedling bed movable baffle is provided at the opening of each cultivation bed installation room; a negative pressure fan is installed on the back plate of the germination and seedling box, and the position of the negative pressure fan corresponds to the corresponding cultivation bed installation room;

[0005] One side of the germination and seedling box door is hinged to a side wall of the germination and seedling box, the other side of the germination and seedling box door is connected to the other side wall of the germination and seedling box through a door lock, and the germination and seedling box door is sealed with a sealing strip and a germination box body; heat storage copper tubes are installed in the germination and seedling box door, the side walls of the germination and seedling box, the top plate of the germination and seedling box, the bottom plate of the germination and seedling box and the back plate of the germination and seedling box, the heat storage copper tubes are filled with phase change materials, and the heat storage copper tubes are evenly distributed in the germination and seedling box door, the side walls of the germination and seedling box, the top plate of the germination and seedling box, the bottom plate of the germination and seedling box and the back plate of the germination and seedling box.

[0006] The nutrient solution circulation system comprises: a water injection port, a drainage port, a drainage pipe and a water injection pipe, wherein the water injection port is installed on the top plate of the germination and seedling raising box, and the water injection port is connected to the pump outlet in the nutrient solution tank; the water injection port is connected to the vertically arranged water injection pipe; the drainage pipe is connected to the drainage port, the drainage port is installed at the bottom of the back plate of the germination and seedling raising box, and the drainage port is connected to the nutrient solution tank; the drainage pipe and the water injection pipe are both fixed in the side wall of the germination and seedling raising box; each cultivation bed is provided with a nutrient solution side inlet and a nutrient solution side outlet, the nutrient solution side inlet is connected to the water injection pipe, and the nutrient solution side outlet is connected to the drainage pipe.

[0007] Each cultivation bed installation room is equipped with a temperature and humidity sensor.

[0008] The temperature and humidity sensor and the negative pressure fan are connected to a control system, and the control system is also connected to an atomizer, an LED fill light, and a carbon fiber electric heating tube; the control system uses the exhaust size of the negative pressure fan to control the temperature and humidity in each cultivation bed installation room.

[0009] Each cultivation bed installation room is equipped with a temperature and humidity sensor, an atomizer, an LED fill light and a carbon fiber electric heating tube. The atomizer, the LED fill light and the carbon fiber electric heating tube are arranged on the top of each cultivation bed installation room.

[0010] The LED supplementary light provides a supplementary light source for the growth of crop seedlings, thereby ensuring the photosynthesis of the seedlings.

[0011] The LED fill light performs sterilization and disinfection in ultraviolet mode.

[0012] A temperature and humidity display screen is installed on the movable baffle of the seedling raising bed, and the temperature and humidity display screen is connected to the temperature and humidity sensor.

[0013] Both sides of the upper part of the movable baffle of the seedling raising bed are rotatably connected with the wall of the germination and seedling raising box.

[0014] Also disclosed is a germination method based on the phase change heat preservation-based germination and seedling raising device, and the technical solution includes:

[0015] Step 1: first fill the cultivation bed with substrate or add nutrient solution in hydroponics, then sow the crop seeds in the cultivation bed, cover it with substrate, and then cover it with shade cloth; heat the phase change material in each cultivation bed installation room and the heat storage copper tube through the carbon fiber electric heating tube, and control the environment of the area inside the cultivation bed installation room; during the control process, the atomizer, water injection port, and water injection pipe are used to simulate the timed rainfall and root irrigation;

[0016] Step 2: After the crop seeds germinate, remove the shade cloth to allow the crop seedlings to continue growing;

[0017] Step 3: Provide supplementary light source for the growth of crop seedlings by controlling LED fill light to ensure photosynthesis of seedlings; at the same time, simulate rainfall and irrigate roots through atomizers, water injection ports, and water injection pipes, and continuously circulate nutrient solution through drain ports, drainage pipes, and drainage valves;

[0018] Step 4: Plant the crops: take out the cultivation bed for subsequent seedling planting; or pick the sprouts: use the blade on the sprout grid to cut the plants from the root for subsequent processing;

[0019] Step 5: After removing the matrix or nutrient solution in the cultivation bed, place it in a germination and seedling box, and use an LED lamp adjusted to ultraviolet mode for sterilization and disinfection.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. The temperature of the cultivation bed installation room in the germination box is controlled by phase change materials and negative pressure fans, replacing the traditional germination machine that must be heated all the time, achieving energy saving, safety and environmental protection.

[0022] 2. Utilize the high thermal conductivity of the heat collecting pipe and the phase change heat storage and enhanced convective heat transfer of the latent heat type functional thermal fluid to collect excess heat as much as possible inside and outside the germination and seedling box, which can achieve efficient heat storage and effective cooling in the box, reduce the day and night temperature difference of the air and substrate in the box, and achieve "peak shaving and valley filling", which is beneficial to the growth and development of crops in the germination and seedling box under low temperature and high temperature conditions, and helps to improve the growth and development speed and growth indicators of crops at different external temperatures, improve crop yield and quality, and achieve efficient production of crop seedlings.

[0023] 3. The entire phase-change heat storage thermal environment control system does not occupy the internal operating space of the germination and seedling raising box, and has high utilization efficiency of the space inside the box. Under the premise of not affecting the effective production space, it can maximize the accumulation of heat energy, effectively reduce the energy consumption of the germination and seedling raising box, and improve the utilization rate of heat energy.

[0024] 4. Phase change materials use copper as the outer wall material for storage, which is light in weight, has good thermal conductivity, and high low-temperature strength. Since copper pipes are easy to process and connect, they can save materials and total costs during installation, have good stability and reliability, and can save maintenance; at the same time, for twisted threaded pipes with the same inner diameter, copper pipes do not require the thickness of ferrous metals. When installed, copper pipes have lower transportation costs, easier maintenance, and take up less space. Copper pipes can be bent at any angle, and copper pipes do not leak, do not support combustion, do not produce toxic gases, and are corrosion-resistant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a germination and seedling raising device based on phase change and heat preservation of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the water injection port and part of the cultivation bed are omitted in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a rear view schematic diagram of the distribution schematic diagram of the heat storage copper tubes in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the heat storage copper tubes in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 A partial longitudinal section view of a nutrient solution circulation system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a bottom view schematic diagram of a cultivation bed installation room in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Among them, 100-germination box, 200-nutrient solution circulation system, 1-germination seedling box door, 2-cultivation bed, 3-germination seedling box side wall, 4-germination seedling box layer partition, 5-heat storage copper tube, 6-cultivation bed installation room, 7-germination seedling box top plate, 8-germination seedling box bottom plate, 11-germination seedling box back plate, 12-LED fill light, 13-atomizer, 14-carbon fiber electric heating tube, 15-water inlet, 16-drainage outlet, 17-negative pressure fan, 18-temperature and humidity display screen, 19-drainage pipe, 20-water injection pipe, 31-seedling bed movable baffle, 41-nutrient solution side inlet, 42-nutrient solution side outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0033] like Figure 1 to Figure 6 The embodiment of the present invention shown includes: a germination and seedling raising box 100, a cultivation bed 2, a heat storage copper tube 5, a phase change material, an atomizer 13, a nutrient solution circulation system 200, a negative pressure fan 17, an LED fill light 12, a carbon fiber electric heating tube 14 and a control system;

[0034] The germination box 100 comprises: a germination and seedling raising box door 1, a germination and seedling raising box side wall 3, a germination and seedling raising box top plate 7, a germination and seedling raising box bottom plate 8 and a germination and seedling raising box back plate 11, wherein the germination and seedling raising box top plate 7, the germination and seedling raising box bottom plate 8, the germination and seedling raising box back plate 11 and two germination and seedling raising box side walls 3 form a germination box body with one side open, the interior of the germination box body is a rectangular space, at least one germination and seedling raising box layer partition 4 is fixedly arranged in the germination box body, the germination and seedling raising box layer partition 4 divides the space in the germination box body into a plurality of cultivation bed installation chambers 6, each cultivation bed installation chamber 6 is installed with a detachable and horizontally placed cultivation bed 2, and each cultivation bed installation chamber 6 is provided with a seedling bed movable baffle 31 at the opening; a negative pressure fan 17 is installed on the germination and seedling raising box back plate 11, and the position of the negative pressure fan 17 corresponds to the corresponding cultivation bed installation chamber 6;

[0035] One side of the germination and seedling raising box door 1 is hinged to a germination and seedling raising box side wall 3, and the other side of the germination and seedling raising box door 1 is connected to another germination and seedling raising box side wall 3 through a door lock. The germination and seedling raising box door 1 is in sealing contact with the germination box body through a sealing strip.

[0036] Heat storage copper tubes 5 are installed in the germination and seedling box door 1, the germination and seedling box side walls 3, the germination and seedling box top plate 7, the germination and seedling box bottom plate 8 and the germination and seedling box back plate 11, and the heat storage copper tubes 5 are evenly distributed in the germination and seedling box door 1, the germination and seedling box side walls 3, the germination and seedling box top plate 7, the germination and seedling box bottom plate 8 and the germination and seedling box back plate 11.

[0037] The top of each cultivation bed installation chamber 6 is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor, an atomizer 13 , an LED fill light 12 and a carbon fiber electric heating tube 14 .

[0038] The heat storage copper tube 5 with closed ports is filled with phase change material, and the heat storage copper tube 5 is evenly distributed in the germination and seedling box wall 3, the germination and seedling box door 1, and the germination and seedling box layer partition 4; the phase change material used is: n-tetradecane and n-pentadecane are mixed in a volume ratio or mass ratio of 1:6, which is safe, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly. It is filled in the copper tube of the seedling device box wall and the cultivation bed device to form a relatively sealed structure, which is not easy to corrode or leak. When the temperature in the seedling device is high or starts to heat up, the phase change material is used to change from solid to liquid during the phase change process, absorb heat, change sensible heat to latent heat, and store heat. When the temperature in the seedling device reaches the appropriate temperature range, it will switch to the insulation mode, and the phase change material will change from liquid to solid, change latent heat to sensible heat, release heat, and maintain the appropriate temperature in the seedling device. In this process, the fluctuation amplitude of the air temperature inside the seedling device can be reduced, so that the temperature in the box is kept within the temperature range required by the crop for a long time, increasing the comfort of the crop. In addition, no chemical reaction occurs in this process and it will not cause harm to the ecological environment and food safety.

[0039] In this embodiment, both sides of the upper part of the movable baffle 31 of the seedling raising bed are rotatably connected to the wall 3 of the germination and seedling raising box, so that the seedling raising bed 2 (cultivation bed) inside can be freely opened and taken out.

[0040] In this embodiment, two negative pressure fans 17 are installed on the back plate 11 of each germination and seedling raising box corresponding to the cultivation bed installation room 6 .

[0041] In this embodiment, the LED fill light 12 can provide a supplementary light source for the growth of crop seedlings to ensure the photosynthesis of the seedlings; at the same time, when sterilization and disinfection are required, it can also be adjusted to the ultraviolet mode for sterilization and disinfection.

[0042] In this embodiment, a temperature and humidity display screen 18 is installed on the movable baffle plate 31 of the seedling raising bed, and the temperature and humidity display screen 18 is connected to the temperature and humidity sensor.

[0043] like Figure 5 The nutrient solution circulation system 200 shown includes: a water injection port 15, a drainage port 16, a drainage pipe 19 and a water injection pipe 20, wherein the water injection port 15 is installed on the top plate 17 of the germination and seedling raising box, and the water injection port 15 is connected to the pump outlet in the nutrient solution tank; the water injection port 15 is connected to the vertically arranged water injection pipe 20; the drainage pipe 19 is connected to the drainage port 16, the drainage port 16 is installed at the bottom of the back plate 11 of the germination and seedling raising box, and the drainage port 16 is connected to the nutrient solution tank; the drainage pipe 19 and the water injection pipe 20 are both fixed in the side wall 3 of the germination and seedling raising box; each cultivation bed 2 is provided with a nutrient solution side inlet 41 and a nutrient solution side outlet 42, after the cultivation bed 2 is inserted into the cultivation bed installation chamber 6, the nutrient solution side inlet 41 is connected to the water injection pipe 20, and the nutrient solution side outlet 42 is connected to the drainage pipe 19.

[0044] The temperature and humidity sensor, atomizer 13, LED fill light 12, carbon fiber electric heating tube 14 and negative pressure fan 17 are all connected to the control system; the working logic of the control system is: since the phase change material continuously releases its stored heat, the temperature in each cultivation bed installation room 6 is usually higher than the required temperature. The nutrient solution flowing in the device of this embodiment and the negative pressure fan take away the heat together, and the negative pressure fan also takes away the humidity at the same time; then the exhaust size of the negative pressure fan is used to control the temperature and humidity at a suitable temperature. The control logic is simple, energy is saved and the effect is guaranteed; therefore, most of the time, the temperature and humidity in each cultivation bed installation room 6 can be controlled by controlling the rotation speed of the negative pressure fan 17, which greatly saves energy.

[0045] When the temperature is low and the humidity is high, the phase change material absorbs heat when the heating device is turned on, so the negative pressure fan 17 starts working at the same time. There is no need to worry about the adverse effects of too low temperature on crops, thus maintaining the healthy growth of crops.

[0046] When working,

[0047] Step 1: First fill the cultivation bed 2 with the matrix or add the nutrient solution in the case of hydroponics, then sow the crop seeds in the cultivation bed, cover it with the matrix, and then cover it with a shade cloth. The carbon fiber electric heating tube 14 heats the phase change material in each cultivation bed installation room 6 and the heat storage copper tube 5, and the control system regulates the environment of the area in the cultivation bed installation room 6; during the regulation process, the atomizer 13, the water injection port 15, and the water injection pipe 20 are used to simulate the timed rainfall and irrigate the roots.

[0048] Step 2: After the crop seeds germinate, remove the shade cloth to allow the crop seedlings to continue growing.

[0049] Step 3: Provide supplementary light source for the growth of crop seedlings by controlling the LED fill light 12 to ensure the photosynthesis of the seedlings; at the same time, perform rainfall simulation and root irrigation through the atomizer 13, the water injection port 15, and the water injection pipe 20, and continuously circulate the nutrient solution by using the drain port 16, the drain pipe 19, and the drain valve 23.

[0050] Step 4: When the crops are ready for planting, the cultivation bed 2 is taken out for subsequent seedling planting; or when the sprouts are ready for picking, the plants are cut from the roots using the blades on the special grid for sprouts for subsequent processing.

[0051] Step 5: After the substrate or nutrient solution in the cultivation bed 2 is removed, it is placed in a germination and seedling box, and an LED lamp is adjusted to ultraviolet mode for sterilization and disinfection.

[0052] The patent of this invention sets the environmental parameters for growing tomato, cucumber, pepper, leek and milk thistle seedlings in the control system, which can be selected on the display screen. The specific environmental parameters are as follows:

[0053] Tomato: After sowing the seeds, the temperature in the seedling device is set to 25-28°C and the light intensity is 50-100 μmol / m 2 / s, the light duration is 12h / d, and nutrient solution is used for irrigation twice a day. The soil moisture is maintained at 60-70%, and the pH of the nutrient solution is 6.0-6.8. Since tomatoes grow new leaves at 10-15 days, the environmental parameters are changed at 12 days in the seedling system to adjust to a suitable growth environment for seedlings: the temperature is set to 18-25℃, and the light intensity is 100-200μmol / m 2 / s, light duration is 14h / d, nutrient solution is used for irrigation, irrigation is done twice a day, soil moisture is maintained at 60-70%, and nutrient solution pH is 6.0-6.8.

[0054] Cucumber: After sowing the seeds, set the temperature in the seedling device to 27-30°C and the light intensity to 50-100 μmol / m 2 / s, the light duration is 12h / d, and the nutrient solution is used for irrigation twice a day. The soil moisture is maintained at 60-70%, and the pH of the nutrient solution is 6.0-7.0. Since cucumber grows new leaves at 7-10 days, the environmental parameters are changed at 8 days in the seedling system to adjust to a suitable growth environment for seedlings: the temperature is set to 20-25℃, and the light intensity is 100-200μmol / m 2 / s, the light duration is 14h / d, nutrient solution is used for irrigation, irrigation is done twice a day, soil moisture is maintained at 60-70%, and the pH of the nutrient solution is 6.0-7.0.

[0055] Pepper: After sowing the seeds, set the temperature in the seedling device to 25-28°C and the light intensity to 50-100 μmol / m 2 / s, the light duration is 12h / d, and nutrient solution is used for irrigation twice a day. The soil moisture is maintained at 60-70%, and the pH of the nutrient solution is 6.0-6.8. Since peppers grow new leaves at 14-20 days, the environmental parameters are changed at 16 days in the seedling system to adjust to a suitable growth environment for seedlings: the temperature is set to 20-25℃, and the light intensity is 100-200μmol / m 2 / s, light duration is 14h / d, nutrient solution is used for irrigation, irrigation is done twice a day, soil moisture is maintained at 60-70%, and nutrient solution pH is 6.0-6.8.

[0056] Leek: After sowing the seeds, set the temperature in the seedling raising device to 18-20°C and the light intensity to 50-100 μmol / m 2 / s, the light duration is 12h / d, and nutrient solution is used for irrigation twice a day. The soil moisture is maintained at 60-70%, and the pH of the nutrient solution is 6.0-7.0. Since leeks grow new leaves at 14-21 days, the environmental parameters are changed at 16 days in the seedling system to adjust to a suitable growth environment for seedlings: the temperature is set to 15-25℃, and the light intensity is 100-200μmol / m 2 / s, the light duration is 14h / d, nutrient solution is used for irrigation, irrigation is done twice a day, soil moisture is maintained at 60-70%, and the pH of the nutrient solution is 6.0-7.0.

[0057] Milk thistle: After sowing the seeds, set the temperature in the seedling device to 18-20°C and the light intensity to 50-100 μmol / m 2 / s, the light duration is 12h / d, and the nutrient solution is used for irrigation twice a day. The soil moisture is maintained at 60-70%, and the pH of the nutrient solution is 6.0-7.5. Since milk thistle grows new leaves at 14-21 days, the environmental parameters are changed at 16 days in the seedling system to adjust to a suitable growth environment for the seedlings: the temperature is set to 15-25℃, and the light intensity is 100-200μmol / m 2 / s, light duration is 14h / d, nutrient solution is used for irrigation, irrigation is done twice a day, soil moisture is maintained at 60-70%, and nutrient solution pH is 6.0-7.5.

[0058] If the temperature or humidity is too high during seedling cultivation, the control system will automatically turn on the fan to cool down and dehumidify. The seedling device will collect the reflux liquid through the drain port and return it to the nutrient solution tank. At the same time, the pH value of the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution tank will be monitored and re-proportioned to ensure the growth environment.

Claims

1. A germination and seedling raising device based on phase change heat preservation, characterized in that: include: A germination and seedling raising box (100), a cultivation bed (2), a heat storage copper tube (5), a phase change material, an atomizer (13), a nutrient solution circulation system (200) and a negative pressure fan (17); the germination and seedling raising box (100) comprises: a germination and seedling raising box door (1), a germination and seedling raising box side wall (3), a germination and seedling raising box top plate (7), a germination and seedling raising box bottom plate (8) and a germination and seedling raising box back plate (11), wherein the germination and seedling raising box top plate (7), the germination and seedling raising box bottom plate (8), the germination and seedling raising box back plate (11) and the two germination and seedling raising box side walls 3 form a germination and seedling raising box with one side open. A germination box body, wherein at least one germination and seedling raising box layer partition (4) is fixedly arranged in the germination box body, the germination and seedling raising box layer partition (4) divides the space in the germination box body into a plurality of cultivation bed installation rooms (6), each cultivation bed installation room (6) is installed with a detachable and horizontally placed cultivation bed (2), and each cultivation bed installation room (6) is provided with a seedling raising bed movable baffle (31); a negative pressure fan (17) is installed on the back plate (11) of the germination and seedling raising box, and the position of the negative pressure fan (17) corresponds to the corresponding cultivation bed installation room (6); One side of the germination and seedling raising box door (1) is hinged to a germination and seedling raising box side wall (3), and the other side of the germination and seedling raising box door (1) is connected to another germination and seedling raising box side wall (3) through a door lock. The germination and seedling raising box door (1) is sealed with a germination and seedling raising box body through a sealing strip. Heat storage copper tubes (5) are installed in the germination and seedling raising box door (1), the germination and seedling raising box side wall (3), the germination and seedling raising box top plate (7), the germination and seedling raising box bottom plate (8) and the germination and seedling raising box back plate (11). The heat storage copper tubes (5) are filled with phase change material. The heat storage copper tubes (5) are evenly distributed in the germination and seedling raising box door (1), the germination and seedling raising box side wall (3), the germination and seedling raising box top plate (7), the germination and seedling raising box bottom plate (8) and the germination and seedling raising box back plate (11). The nutrient solution circulation system (200) comprises: a water injection port (15), a drainage port (16), a drainage pipe (19) and a water injection pipe (20), wherein the water injection port (15) is installed on the top plate (17) of the germination and seedling raising box, and the water injection port (15) is connected to the pump outlet in the nutrient solution box; the water injection port (15) is connected to the vertically arranged water injection pipe (20); the drainage pipe (19) is connected to the drainage port (16), the drainage port (16) is installed at the bottom of the back plate (11) of the germination and seedling raising box, and the drainage port (16) is connected to the nutrient solution box; the drainage pipe (19) and the water injection pipe (20) are both fixed in the side wall (3) of the germination and seedling raising box; each cultivation bed (2) is provided with a nutrient solution side inlet (41) and a nutrient solution side outlet (42), the nutrient solution side inlet (41) is connected to the water injection pipe (20), and the nutrient solution side outlet (42) is connected to the drainage pipe (19).

2. A germination and seedling raising device based on phase change and heat preservation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each cultivation bed installation room (6) is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor.

3. The germination and seedling raising device based on phase change and heat preservation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The temperature and humidity sensor and the negative pressure fan (17) are connected to a control system, and the control system is also connected to an atomizer (13), an LED fill light (12) and a carbon fiber electric heating tube (14); the control system uses the exhaust air size of the negative pressure fan to control the temperature and humidity in each cultivation bed installation room (6).

4. A germination and seedling raising device based on phase change and heat preservation according to claim 3, characterized in that: Each cultivation bed installation room (6) is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor, an atomizer (13), an LED fill light (12) and a carbon fiber electric heating tube (14); the atomizer (13), the LED fill light (12) and the carbon fiber electric heating tube (14) are arranged on the top of each cultivation bed installation room (6).

5. The germination and seedling raising device based on phase change and heat preservation according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The LED supplementary light (12) provides a supplementary light source for the growth of crop seedlings, thereby ensuring the photosynthesis of the seedlings.

6. The germination and seedling raising device based on phase change and heat preservation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The LED fill light (12) performs sterilization and disinfection in an ultraviolet mode.

7. The germination and seedling raising device based on phase change and heat preservation according to claim 4, characterized in that: A temperature and humidity display screen (18) is installed on the movable baffle plate (31) of the seedling raising bed, and the temperature and humidity display screen (18) is connected to a temperature and humidity sensor.

8. A germination and seedling raising device based on phase change and heat preservation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Both sides of the upper part of the movable baffle plate (31) of the seedling raising bed are rotatably connected to the wall (3) of the germination and seedling raising box.

9. A germination method based on the phase change heat preservation capable of germination and seedling raising device according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: Step 1: first fill the cultivation bed with substrate or add nutrient solution in hydroponics, then sow the crop seeds in the cultivation bed, cover it with substrate, and then cover it with shade cloth; heat the phase change material in each cultivation bed installation room and the heat storage copper tube through the carbon fiber electric heating tube, and control the environment of the area inside the cultivation bed installation room; during the control process, the atomizer, water injection port, and water injection pipe are used to simulate the timed rainfall and root irrigation; Step 2: After the crop seeds germinate, remove the shade cloth to allow the crop seedlings to continue growing; Step 3: Provide supplementary light source for the growth of crop seedlings by controlling LED fill light to ensure photosynthesis of seedlings; at the same time, simulate rainfall and irrigate roots through atomizers, water injection ports, and water injection pipes, and continuously circulate nutrient solution through drain ports, drainage pipes, and drainage valves; Step 4: Plant the crops: take out the cultivation bed for subsequent seedling planting; or pick the sprouts: use the blade on the sprout grid to cut the plants from the root for subsequent processing; Step 5: After removing the matrix or nutrient solution in the cultivation bed, place it in a germination and seedling box, and use an LED lamp adjusted to ultraviolet mode for sterilization and disinfection.

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