A multi-bed gas-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of synthetic ammonia reaction equipment, and particularly relates to a multi-bed gas-cooled isothermal synthetic ammonia reactor. The synthetic ammonia reactor includes a tank body, and a gas-collecting spherical cavity and a flow-dividing spherical cavity are assembled inside the tank body, and the gas-collecting spherical cavity is located above the flow-dividing spherical cavity. An air outlet pipe and an air inlet pipe are respectively fixed at the mutually remote ends of the gas-collecting spherical cavity and the flow-dividing spherical cavity. The lower end of the air inlet pipe penetrates through the tank body, and the tank body is fixedly connected to the air inlet pipe. A first spiral heat exchange pipe and a second spiral heat exchange pipe are arranged between the gas-collecting spherical cavity and the flow-dividing spherical cavity. In the present invention, the first spiral heat exchange pipe and the second spiral heat exchange pipe are arranged in the isothermal layer, so that when the low-temperature raw material gas flows through the first spiral heat exchange pipe and the second spiral heat exchange pipe, heat exchange with the catalyst occurs, preventing heat accumulation from affecting the ammonia net value and avoiding catalyst deactivation. At the same time, the catalyst is driven to flow by a motor, extending the flow path and duration of the raw material gas and ensuring uniform consumption of the catalyst.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ammonia synthesis reaction equipment, and particularly relates to a multi-bed gas-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor. Background Art

[0002] Ammonia synthesis is an important chemical raw material, which is widely used in the production of chemical fertilizers, plastics, explosives, and other chemical products. The traditional ammonia synthesis process usually involves reacting nitrogen and hydrogen under high pressure and high temperature conditions (pressure 15 MPa - 30 MPa, temperature 400 °C - 520 °C) through a catalyst to produce ammonia. In order to improve the ammonia production rate, an ammonia synthesis reactor with multi-bed catalysts is often used in industry, where the raw material gases (nitrogen, hydrogen) flow between each catalyst bed and react.

[0003] When the existing ammonia synthesis reactor is working, although the synthesis efficiency of ammonia is improved, there are still the following problems in the actual use process:

[0004] 1. The raw material gases enter from the bottom of the reactor and then flow upward through the catalyst bed. Therefore, the raw material gas concentration contacted by the catalysts in the lower layer is higher, and the reaction is more intense. The consumption rate of the catalysts in the lower layer is higher than that of the catalysts in the upper layer. The consumption rates of the catalysts at different positions are different. When replacing the catalysts, some catalysts cannot be utilized to the maximum extent, resulting in waste of resources and increased production costs.

[0005] 2. When using the catalyst to catalyze the raw material gases, a certain amount of heat will be generated during the reaction. At the same time, the heat will also be transferred downward (since the raw material gases need to flow upward through the gaps between the catalysts, and the heat dissipation effect is not good by absorbing heat through the raw material gases), making the working conditions of the lower-layer catalysts more severe. When the temperature of the lower-layer catalysts exceeds the standard temperature range due to heat accumulation, the synthesis efficiency of ammonia and the ammonia net value will be reduced, thereby reducing the production efficiency. At the same time, it will also cause the catalyst to deactivate.

[0006] Based on the above problems, this application document proposes a multi-bed gas-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor to improve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-bed gas-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor. A first spiral heat exchange tube and a second spiral heat exchange tube are arranged in the isothermal layer, so that when the low-temperature raw material gas flows through the first spiral heat exchange tube and the second spiral heat exchange tube, it exchanges heat with the catalyst, preventing heat accumulation from affecting the ammonia synthesis efficiency and ammonia net value, and also being able to avoid catalyst deactivation. At the same time, by driving the auger, stirring rod and stirring arm to rotate through a motor, the catalyst is driven to flow in the vertical and horizontal directions, extending the flow path and duration of the raw material gas, ensuring uniform consumption of the catalyst, and avoiding deactivation of the lower-layer catalyst caused by heat accumulation.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is specifically as follows:

[0009] A multi-bed gas-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor, including a tank body. A gas collection balloon cavity and a shunt balloon cavity are assembled inside the tank body, and the gas collection balloon cavity is located above the shunt balloon cavity. One end of the gas collection balloon cavity and the shunt balloon cavity away from each other are respectively fixed with an air outlet pipe and an air inlet pipe. The lower end of the air inlet pipe penetrates the tank body, and the tank body and the air inlet pipe are fixedly connected. A first spiral heat exchange tube and a second spiral heat exchange tube are arranged between the gas collection balloon cavity and the shunt balloon cavity. The second spiral heat exchange tube is located outside the first spiral heat exchange tube. The gas collection balloon cavity and the shunt balloon cavity are mutually communicated through the first spiral heat exchange tube and the second spiral heat exchange tube. An exhaust pipe is arranged at the lower end of the tank body. The inside of the tank body is filled with a catalyst and inert porcelain balls, and the catalyst is located above the inert porcelain balls. The catalyst filled inside the tank body forms an adiabatic layer, a heat transfer layer and an isothermal layer in sequence from the upper end to the lower end according to the filling position. The inert porcelain balls filled at the lower end inside the tank body and located below the isothermal layer form a packing layer. It further includes:

[0010] A stirring mechanism, which is assembled on the tank body;

[0011] A cooling mechanism, which is assembled on the stirring mechanism;

[0012] Multiple flow blocking mechanisms, and multiple said flow blocking mechanisms are all assembled on the stirring mechanism;

[0013] Wherein, in the working state, the low-temperature raw material gas flowing through the inside of the first spiral heat exchange tube and the second spiral heat exchange tube and the catalyst located in the isothermal layer exchange heat through the first spiral heat exchange tube and the second spiral heat exchange tube.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the stirring mechanism includes a motor, a shaft, a first annular plate, an auger, a second annular plate, a plurality of stirring rods, and a plurality of stirring arms. The motor is fixed to the upper end of the tank body. The shaft is fixed to the output end of the motor, and the shaft is rotatably connected to the tank body, the shaft and the gas collection balloon chamber, and the shaft and the shunt balloon chamber. The first annular plate, the auger, and the second annular plate are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the shaft from the upper end to the lower end, and the first annular plate and the tank body, and the second annular plate and the tank body are rotatably connected. A plurality of the stirring rods are annularly arrayed between the first annular plate and the second annular plate, and the first annular plate and the stirring rods, and the second annular plate and the stirring rods are fixedly connected. Moreover, a plurality of the stirring rods are connected to a plurality of cooling mechanisms one by one, and a plurality of the stirring arms are evenly assembled on the outer sides of the plurality of stirring rods.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, guide chutes are fixed to both the upper end and the lower end of the inner wall of the tank body. A plurality of ball bearings are assembled between the first annular plate and the guide chutes, and between the second annular plate and the guide chutes. The first annular plate and the tank body, and the second annular plate and the tank body are rotatably connected through the cooperation of the guide chutes and the ball bearings.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the cross-sectional shapes of the first annular plate, the second annular plate, and the guide chutes in the vertical direction are all trapezoidal.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, a U-shaped flow channel is formed inside the stirring rod. The cooling mechanism includes a first rotary joint and a second rotary joint. The first rotary joint is fixed to the upper end of the outer side of the shaft and is located above the motor. The second rotary joint is fixed to the outer side of the shaft and is located at the upper end inside the tank body. The first rotary joint and the second rotary joint, and the second rotary joint and the U-shaped flow channel are connected to each other.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, a fan-shaped installation groove is formed inside the stirring rod. The flow blocking mechanism includes a flow blocking plate and an elastic driving element. The flow blocking plate is rotatably connected to the inside of the stirring rod, and the flow blocking plate is adapted to the U-shaped flow channel. The elastic driving element is assembled between the flow blocking plate and the stirring rod, and the material of the elastic driving element is shape memory alloy. Among them, when the temperature of the catalyst in the isothermal layer is within the standard temperature range, the elastic driving element is in the high-temperature phase state, and the U-shaped flow channel is in the through state. When the temperature of the catalyst in the isothermal layer is lower than the standard temperature range, the shape of the elastic driving element changes from the high-temperature phase to the low-temperature phase, and the U-shaped flow channel changes from the through state to the blocked state.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, a sealing sleeve ring is fixed to the outer side of the stirring rod, and the sealing sleeve ring is adapted to the fan-shaped installation groove.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the stirring rod, the flow blocking plate, and the sealing collar are all made of materials with high thermal conductivity characteristics.

[0021] The technical effects achieved by the present invention are as follows:

[0022] By providing the spiral-shaped first spiral heat exchange tube and the second spiral heat exchange tube in the isothermal layer, when the low-temperature raw material gas flows through the inside of the first spiral heat exchange tube and the second spiral heat exchange tube, heat exchange occurs between the low-temperature raw material gas and the catalyst in the isothermal layer through the first spiral heat exchange tube and the second spiral heat exchange tube. As a result, the heat of the catalyst in the isothermal layer is absorbed, the catalyst in the isothermal layer is cooled, and heat accumulation in the isothermal layer is avoided, preventing the temperature of the isothermal layer from exceeding the standard temperature range, which would cause a decrease in synthesis efficiency and ammonia net value. At the same time, it can also prevent the catalyst in the isothermal layer from deactivating due to temperature factors.

[0023] The present invention drives the auger, the stirring rod, and the stirring arm through a motor. The auger drives the catalyst inside the tank to flow vertically, and the stirring arm drives the catalyst inside the tank to flow horizontally, thereby driving the catalyst in the adiabatic layer, the heat transfer layer, and the isothermal layer to circulate. While extending the flow path length and residence time of the raw material gas, it improves the ammonia synthesis efficiency and ammonia net value, and can also make the catalyst inside the tank consumed evenly, avoiding the phenomenon that the consumption rate of the upper-layer catalyst is greater than that of the lower-layer catalyst. At the same time, it can also prevent heat from accumulating in the lower layer, resulting in the deactivation of the lower-layer catalyst.

[0024] The present invention senses the temperature of the isothermal layer through an elastic drive element. When the temperature of the isothermal layer is lower than the standard temperature range, the elastic drive element drives the flow blocking plate to rotate and changes the U-shaped flow path to an open state, reducing the heat dissipation efficiency of the catalyst and avoiding the phenomenon of reduced activity of the catalyst due to low speed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the whole of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the whole structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic view of the catalyst bed inside the tank of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of the inside of the tank of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 is an exploded schematic structural view of the inside of the tank of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the inside of the stirring mechanism and the cooling mechanism of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 is a partial enlarged schematic view of part A in the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0032] Figure 8 is a partial structural schematic view of the stirring rod of the present invention

[0033] Figure 9 is an exploded structural schematic view of the flow blocking mechanism of the present invention

[0034] Figure 10 is a structural schematic view of the high-temperature phase of the elastic driving element of the present invention

[0035] Figure 11 is a structural schematic view of the low-temperature phase of the elastic driving element of the present invention

[0036] In the attached drawings, the list of components represented by each reference numeral is as follows:

[0037] 10, tank body; 11, gas collecting balloon chamber; 12, shunt ball chamber; 13, air outlet pipe; 14, air inlet pipe; 15, first spiral heat exchange pipe; 16, second spiral heat exchange pipe; 17, exhaust pipe; 18, discharge pipe; 19, inspection opening;

[0038] 20, stirring mechanism;

[0039] 21, motor; 22, shaft rod; 23, first annular plate; 24, auger; 25, second annular plate; 26, stirring rod; 27, stirring arm; 28, guiding chute; 29, U-shaped flow channel;

[0040] 30, cooling mechanism;

[0041] 31, first rotary joint; 32, second rotary joint;

[0042] 40, flow blocking mechanism;

[0043] 41, flow blocking plate; 42, elastic driving element; 43, sealing sleeve ring. Detailed implementation manners

[0044] In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following detailed description of the specific implementation manners of the present invention will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0045] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the present invention. However, the present invention may be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar extensions without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0046] Second, the so-called "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to specific features, structures, or characteristics that may be included in at least one implementation manner of the present invention. The "in a preferred embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not all refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an embodiment that is separate or selectively mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0047] Furthermore, the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with schematic diagrams. When detailing the embodiments of the present invention, for the convenience of description, the cross-sectional views showing the device structure will be locally enlarged out of the general proportion, and the schematic diagrams are only examples and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention herein. In addition, in actual production, three-dimensional spatial dimensions of length, width, and depth should be included.

[0048] Please refer to the attached Figures 1 to 5 As shown, it is the first embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment provides a multi-bed gas-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor, including a tank body 10. Inside the tank body 10, a gas-collecting spherical cavity 11 and a flow-dividing spherical cavity 12 are assembled. And the gas-collecting spherical cavity 11 is located at the upper end of the flow-dividing spherical cavity 12. The mutually remote ends of the gas-collecting spherical cavity 11 and the flow-dividing spherical cavity 12 are respectively fixed with an air outlet pipe 13 and an air inlet pipe 14. The lower end of the air inlet pipe 14 penetrates through the tank body 10, and the tank body 10 and the air inlet pipe 14 are fixedly connected. A first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and a second spiral heat exchange tube 16 are arranged between the gas-collecting spherical cavity 11 and the flow-dividing spherical cavity 12. The second spiral heat exchange tube 16 is located outside the first spiral heat exchange tube 15. And between the gas-collecting spherical cavity 11 and the first spiral heat exchange tube 15, the flow-dividing spherical cavity 12 and the first spiral heat exchange tube 15, the gas-collecting spherical cavity 11 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16, and the flow-dividing spherical cavity 12 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16 are all fixedly connected. The gas-collecting spherical cavity 11 and the flow-dividing spherical cavity 12 are mutually communicated through the first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16. The lower end of the tank body 10 is provided with an exhaust pipe 17 and a discharge pipe 18. An inspection opening 19 is opened at the upper end of the tank body 10. The inside of the tank body 10 is filled with a catalyst and inert porcelain balls, and the catalyst is located at the upper end of the inert porcelain balls. The catalyst filled inside the tank body 10 forms an adiabatic layer, a heat-transfer layer, and an isothermal layer in sequence from the upper end to the lower end according to the filling position. The inert porcelain balls filled at the lower end inside the tank body 10 and located at the lower end of the isothermal layer form a packing layer. The range of the adiabatic layer is from the uppermost end of the catalyst to the horizontal plane where the center point of the gas-collecting spherical cavity 11 is located. The range of the heat-transfer layer is from the horizontal plane where the center point of the gas-collecting spherical cavity 11 is located to the bottom of the gas-collecting spherical cavity 11. The range of the isothermal layer is from the bottom of the gas-collecting spherical cavity 11 to the horizontal plane where the center point of the flow-dividing spherical cavity 12 is located. The range of the packing layer is from the horizontal plane where the center point of the flow-dividing spherical cavity 12 is located to the bottom inside the tank body 10. It further includes:

[0049] A stirring mechanism 20, which is assembled on the tank body 10, and the stirring mechanism 20 can drive the catalyst to flow inside the tank body 10;

[0050] The cooling mechanism 30 is assembled on the stirring mechanism 20;

[0051] A plurality of flow-blocking mechanisms 40 are all assembled on the stirring mechanism 20;

[0052] Wherein, in the working state, the low-temperature raw material gas flowing through the inside of the first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16 and the catalyst located in the isothermal layer perform heat exchange through the first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16.

[0053] Here, the intake pipe 14, the shunt ball cavity 12, the first spiral heat exchange tube 15, the second spiral heat exchange tube 16, the collecting ball cavity 11 and the outlet pipe 13 form a heat exchange path. The materials of the first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16 are hard metal materials with high thermal conductivity. After the catalyst is filled inside the tank body 10, the catalyst, the first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16 can cooperate to support and limit the collecting ball cavity 11.

[0054] Furthermore, there is also a heating and pressurizing module used in conjunction with the device, and the heating and pressurizing module can heat and pressurize the inside of the tank body 10.

[0055] In this embodiment, low-temperature raw material gas is input into the tank body 10 through the intake pipe 14. After the raw material gas passes through the inside of the heat exchange path, it contacts the catalyst. Through the catalysis of the catalyst, nitrogen and hydrogen are synthesized into ammonia in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment. The synthesized ammonia passes through the packing layer and flows out of the tank body 10 through the exhaust pipe 17. The heat generated during the synthesis reaction accumulates in the isothermal layer, resulting in an increase in the temperature of the isothermal layer. At the same time, when the low-temperature raw material gas flows through the inside of the first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16, it will absorb the heat of the isothermal layer and cool down the catalyst in the isothermal layer, avoiding the environmental temperature of the catalyst in the isothermal layer from exceeding the standard temperature range. Moreover, since both the first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16 are spiral-shaped, this scheme can increase the contact area between the first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and the catalyst and between the second spiral heat exchange tube 16 and the catalyst, further improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the catalyst in the isothermal layer. Furthermore, it ensures that the synthesis efficiency and ammonia net value will not decrease due to temperature factors. At the same time, the catalyst located in the isothermal layer will not be deactivated due to temperature factors, improving the service life of the catalyst located in the isothermal layer.

[0056] Secondly, please refer to again Figure 6, the stirring mechanism 20 includes a motor 21, a shaft rod 22, a first annular plate 23, an auger 24, a second annular plate 25, a plurality of stirring rods 26 and a plurality of stirring arms 27. The motor 21 is fixed to the upper end of the tank body 10, the shaft rod 22 is fixed to the output end of the motor 21, and the shaft rod 22 is rotatably connected to the tank body 10, the shaft rod 22 and the gas collecting balloon chamber 11, and the shaft rod 22 and the shunt ball chamber 12 through sealed bearings. The first annular plate 23, the auger 24 and the second annular plate 25 are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the shaft rod 22 from top to bottom, and the shaft rod 22 is fixedly connected to the first annular plate 23 and the shaft rod 22 and the auger 24. The first annular plate 23 is rotatably connected to the tank body 10, and the second annular plate 25 is rotatably connected to the tank body 10. A plurality of stirring rods 26 are annularly arrayed between the first annular plate 23 and the second annular plate 25, and the first annular plate 23 is fixedly connected to the stirring rods 26, and the second annular plate 25 is fixedly connected to the stirring rods 26. And a plurality of stirring rods 26 are connected to a plurality of cooling mechanisms 30 one by one. A plurality of stirring arms 27 are evenly assembled on the outer side of the plurality of stirring rods 26.

[0057] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, after the auger 24 rotates, the auger 24 can drive the catalyst located in the lower layer to flow upward.

[0058] In this embodiment, when the motor 21 is started, due to the fixed connection between the motor 21 and the shaft rod 22, the motor 21 drives the shaft rod 22 to rotate. Since the shaft rod 22 is fixedly connected to the first annular plate 23, the shaft rod 22 and the auger 24, the first annular plate 23 and the stirring rods 26, and the second annular plate 25 and the stirring rods 26, the first annular plate 23, the auger 24, the second annular plate 25, and the stirring rods 26 are driven to rotate synchronously by the shaft rod 22. After the auger 24 rotates, it can drive the catalyst inside the tank body 10 to flow in the vertical direction, so that the catalyst located in the heat insulation layer, the heat transfer layer and the isothermal layer can circulate inside the tank body 10. At the same time, due to the fixed connection between the stirring rods 26 and the stirring arms 27, the stirring rods 26 drive the stirring arms 27 to rotate, and the stirring arms 27 stir the catalyst in the horizontal direction. By driving the catalyst to flow through the auger 24 and the stirring arms 27, the flow path and flow duration of the raw material gas inside the catalyst can be extended, the ammonia synthesis efficiency and ammonia net value can be improved, and the catalyst inside the tank body 10 can be evenly consumed, avoiding the phenomenon that the consumption rate of the upper layer catalyst is greater than that of the lower layer catalyst. At the same time, it can also avoid the heat accumulation in the lower layer, resulting in the inactivation of the lower layer catalyst.

[0059] Secondly, please refer to Figure 7, guide chutes 28 are fixed to both the upper and lower ends of the inner wall of the tank body 10, and a plurality of ball bearings are assembled between the first annular plate 23 and the guide chute 28, and between the second annular plate 25 and the guide chute 28. The first annular plate 23 and the tank body 10, and the second annular plate 25 and the tank body 10 are rotationally connected through the cooperation of the guide chute 28 and the ball bearings.

[0060] In this embodiment, through the cooperation of the ball bearings and the guide chute 28, the stable rotation of the first annular plate 23 and the second annular plate 25 can be ensured, so that the device can operate stably.

[0061] Secondly, please refer to Figure 7 again. Inclined material dropping surfaces are provided at the upper ends of the first annular plate 23, the second annular plate 25, and the guide chute 28. The catalyst located on the material dropping surface can fall to the lower end inside the tank body 10 under the action of gravity. The cross-sectional shapes of the first annular plate 23, the second annular plate 25, and the guide chute 28 in the vertical direction are all trapezoidal.

[0062] In this embodiment, when replacing the catalyst inside the tank body 10, through the above arrangement, it is possible to avoid the catalyst remaining at the upper ends of the first annular plate 23, the second annular plate 25, and the guide chute 28.

[0063] Please refer to Figure 7 again. A U-shaped flow channel 29 is formed inside the stirring rod 26. The cooling mechanism 30 includes a first rotary joint 31 and a second rotary joint 32. The first rotary joint 31 is fixed to the upper end of the outer side of the shaft rod 22 and is located above the motor 21. The second rotary joint 32 is fixed to the outer side of the shaft rod 22 and is located at the upper end inside the tank body 10. The first rotary joint 31 and the second rotary joint 32, and the second rotary joint 32 and the U-shaped flow channel 29 are all connected to each other.

[0064] Here, a water pump module and a control module are also used in conjunction with the device. The control module can control the opening and closing of the water pump module, and the water pump module can deliver a cooling medium into the U-shaped flow channel 29.

[0065] Furthermore, both the first rotary joint 31 and the second rotary joint 32 are existing mature technologies, and multiple independent passages are provided inside them. The first rotary joint 31 includes a first stator and a first rotor. The first stator is fixed to the upper end outside the shaft rod 22, and the first rotor is rotatably connected to the outside of the first stator. The second rotary joint 32 includes a second stator and a second rotor. The second stator is fixed to the outside of the shaft rod 22 above the upper end of the first annular plate 23, and the second rotor is rotatably connected to the outside of the second stator. The output end of the water pump module and the first rotor, the input end of the water pump module and the first rotor, the first stator and the second stator, and the second rotor and the U-shaped flow channel 29 are all connected by cooling pipelines. Moreover, the water pump module, the first rotary joint 31, the second rotary joint 32, and the U-shaped flow channel 29 form a circulation path through the cooling pipelines, and the cooling medium can circulate inside the circulation path.

[0066] In this embodiment, when starting the motor 21 to drive the shaft rod 22 to stir the catalyst, start the water pump module. The cooling medium is conveyed into the first rotary joint 31 through the water pump module. When the cooling medium flows through the U-shaped flow channel 29, it can absorb the heat of the stirring rod 26, and further dissipate heat from the catalyst through the stirring rod 26, improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the catalyst.

[0067] Please refer to again Figures 8 to 11 , a fan-shaped installation groove is formed inside the stirring rod 26. The flow resistance mechanism 40 includes a flow resistance plate 41 and an elastic driving element 42. The flow resistance plate 41 is rotatably connected inside the stirring rod 26, and the flow resistance plate 41 is adapted to the U-shaped flow channel 29. The elastic driving element 42 is assembled between the flow resistance plate 41 and the stirring rod 26, and the material of the elastic driving element 42 is a shape memory alloy. Among them, when the temperature of the catalyst in the isothermal layer is within the standard temperature range, the elastic driving element 42 is in the high-temperature phase state, and the U-shaped flow channel 29 is in the passage state. When the temperature of the catalyst in the isothermal layer is lower than the standard temperature range, the shape of the elastic driving element 42 changes from the high-temperature phase to the low-temperature phase, and the U-shaped flow channel 29 changes from the passage state to the open-circuit state.

[0068] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the standard temperature range is 400°C to 520°C, the angle of the fan-shaped installation groove is 180°, and the transformation temperature of the elastic driving element 42 is 400°C. Of course, the angle of the fan-shaped installation groove and the transformation temperature of the elastic driving element 42 can be adjusted according to actual needs, which does not constitute a specific limitation here. At the same time, the shape memory alloy is an existing mature technology, and its specific principle will not be elaborated further here.

[0069] In this embodiment, after starting the water pump module to convey the cooling medium into the U-shaped flow channel 29, the heat of the stirring rod 26 is absorbed by the cooling medium to dissipate heat and cool down the catalyst in the isothermal layer. When the temperature of the isothermal layer is lower than the standard temperature range, the shape of the elastic driving element 42 changes from the high-temperature phase to the low-temperature phase, causing the elastic driving element 42 to stretch. The elastic driving element 42 is used to push the baffle 41 to rotate. When the baffle 41 completely coincides with the U-shaped flow channel 29, an obstacle is formed to the U-shaped flow channel 29 by the baffle 41, so that the U-shaped flow channel 29 changes from the passage state to the open circuit state, thereby preventing the cooling medium from circulating, avoiding further reduction of the temperature of the catalyst in the isothermal layer by the cooling medium, and further avoiding the phenomenon of reduced activity of the catalyst due to low speed. When the temperature of the catalyst in the isothermal layer returns to the standard temperature range, the shape of the elastic driving element 42 changes from the low-temperature phase to the high-temperature phase again, and the elastic driving element 42 drives the baffle 41 to reset, so that the U-shaped flow channel 29 changes from the open circuit state to the passage state, facilitating the circulation of the cooling medium and dissipating heat from the catalyst in the isothermal layer.

[0070] It should be noted that the control module used in conjunction with the water pump module can monitor the pressure inside the circulation passage. When the U-shaped flow channel 29 changes from the passage state to the open circuit state, the pressure in a local part of the circulation passage increases. After the control end monitors the increase in the pressure inside the circulation passage, the water pump module is closed to stop conveying the cooling medium into the U-shaped flow channel 29. When the U-shaped flow channel 29 returns from the open circuit state to the passage state and the pressure inside the circulation passage recovers, the water pump module can be started again to convey the cooling medium into the U-shaped flow channel 29.

[0071] Please refer to again Figures 8 to 11 , a sealing collar 43 is fixed on the outer side of the stirring rod 26, and the sealing collar 43 is adapted to the fan-shaped installation groove.

[0072] In this embodiment, the setting of the sealing collar 43 can prevent the fan-shaped installation groove from being exposed. At the same time, the cooling medium flowing through the inside of the fan-shaped installation groove can prevent the cooling medium from flowing out of the inside of the fan-shaped installation groove, avoiding the phenomenon of cooling medium leakage.

[0073] In a preferred embodiment, the materials of the stirring rod 26, the baffle 41, and the sealing collar 43 all have the characteristic of high thermal conductivity.

[0074] In this embodiment, through the above scheme setting, the heat of the isothermal layer can be quickly transferred to the elastic driving element 42, so that the elastic driving element 42 switches the state of the circulation passage according to the temperature of the catalyst in the isothermal layer.

[0075] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0076] The low-temperature raw material gas is input into the interior of the tank body 10 through the intake pipe 14. After passing through the interior of the heat exchange passage, the raw material gas contacts the catalyst. Through the catalysis of the catalyst, nitrogen and hydrogen are synthesized into ammonia in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment. The synthesized ammonia passes through the packing layer and flows out of the tank body 10 through the exhaust pipe 17. The heat generated during the synthesis reaction accumulates in the isothermal layer, resulting in an increase in the temperature of the isothermal layer. At the same time, when the low-temperature raw material gas flows through the interior of the first spiral heat exchange tube 15 and the second spiral heat exchange tube 16, it will absorb the heat of the isothermal layer and cool down the catalyst in the isothermal layer, preventing the environmental temperature of the catalyst in the isothermal layer from exceeding the standard temperature range. At the same time, the motor 21 is started, so that the motor 21 drives the shaft rod 22, the first annular plate 23, the auger 24, the second annular plate 25, and the stirring rod 26 to rotate synchronously. After the auger 24 rotates, it can drive the catalyst inside the tank body 10 to flow in the vertical direction, enabling the catalyst located in the adiabatic layer, the heat transfer layer, and the isothermal layer to circulate inside the tank body 10. At the same time, through the fixed connection between the stirring rod 26 and the stirring arm 27, the stirring rod 26 drives the stirring arm 27 to rotate, and the catalyst is stirred in the horizontal direction by the stirring arm 27. By driving the catalyst to flow through the auger 24 and the stirring arm 27, the flow path and contact time of the raw material gas inside the catalyst can be extended, the ammonia synthesis efficiency and ammonia net value can be improved, and the catalyst inside the tank body 10 can be evenly consumed, avoiding the phenomenon that the consumption rate of the upper-layer catalyst is greater than that of the lower-layer catalyst. When the temperature of the isothermal layer is lower than the standard temperature range, the shape of the elastic drive element 42 changes from the high-temperature phase to the low-temperature phase. The elastic drive element 42 pushes the baffle 41 to rotate, and through the baffle 41, the U-shaped flow channel 29 changes from the passage state to the open-circuit state, thereby preventing the cooling medium from circulating and avoiding further reduction of the temperature of the catalyst in the isothermal layer by the cooling medium. When the temperature of the catalyst in the isothermal layer returns to the standard temperature range, the shape of the elastic drive element 42 changes from the low-temperature phase to the high-temperature phase again, making the U-shaped flow channel 29 change from the open-circuit state to the passage state, thereby facilitating the circulation of the cooling medium and dissipating heat from the catalyst in the isothermal layer.

[0077] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. The structures, devices, and operation methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention are implemented according to the conventional means in the art without special explanation and limitation.

Claims

1. A multi-bed gas-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor, characterized in that: It includes a tank body (10). A balloon collecting cavity (11) and a flow dividing balloon cavity (12) are assembled inside the tank body (10). The balloon collecting cavity (11) is located at the upper end of the flow dividing balloon cavity (12). An air outlet pipe (13) and an air inlet pipe (14) are respectively fixed at the mutually remote ends of the balloon collecting cavity (11) and the flow dividing balloon cavity (12). The lower end of the air inlet pipe (14) penetrates through the tank body (10), and the tank body (10) and the air inlet pipe (14) are fixedly connected. A first spiral heat exchange pipe (15) and a second spiral heat exchange pipe (16) are arranged between the balloon collecting cavity (11) and the flow dividing balloon cavity (12). The second spiral heat exchange pipe (16) is located outside the first spiral heat exchange pipe (15). The balloon collecting cavity (11) and the flow dividing balloon cavity (12) are mutually communicated through the first spiral heat exchange pipe (15) and the second spiral heat exchange pipe (16). An exhaust pipe (17) is arranged at the lower end of the tank body (10). The interior of the tank body (10) is filled with a catalyst and inert ceramic balls, and the catalyst is located at the upper end of the inert ceramic balls. The catalyst filled in the tank body (10) sequentially forms an adiabatic layer, a heat transfer layer, and an isothermal layer from the upper end to the lower end according to the filling position. The inert ceramic balls filled at the lower end of the interior of the tank body (10) and located below the isothermal layer form a packing layer. It further includes: A stirring mechanism (20). The stirring mechanism (20) is assembled on the tank body (10). The stirring mechanism (20) includes a motor (21), a shaft rod (22), a first annular plate (23), an auger (24), a second annular plate (25), a plurality of stirring rods (26), and a plurality of stirring arms (27). The motor (21) is fixed at the upper end of the tank body (10). The shaft rod (22) is fixed at the output end of the motor (21), and the shaft rod (22) is rotatably connected to the tank body (10), the shaft rod (22) is rotatably connected to the balloon collecting cavity (11), and the shaft rod (22) is rotatably connected to the flow dividing balloon cavity (12). The first annular plate (23), the auger (24), and the second annular plate (25) are sequentially arranged on the outside of the shaft rod (22) from the upper end to the lower end, and the first annular plate (23) is rotatably connected to the tank body (10), and the second annular plate (25) is rotatably connected to the tank body (10). The plurality of stirring rods (26) are annularly arrayed between the first annular plate (23) and the second annular plate (25), and the first annular plate (23) is fixedly connected to the stirring rods (26), and the second annular plate (25) is fixedly connected to the stirring rods (26). The plurality of stirring rods (26) are respectively connected to a plurality of cooling mechanisms (30) one by one. The plurality of stirring arms (27) are evenly assembled on the outside of the plurality of stirring rods (26); A cooling mechanism (30). The cooling mechanism (30) is assembled on the stirring mechanism (20); A plurality of flow blocking mechanisms (40). The plurality of flow blocking mechanisms (40) are all assembled on the stirring mechanism (20); Among them, in the working state, the low-temperature raw material gas flowing through the inside of the first spiral heat exchange tube (15) and the second spiral heat exchange tube (16) and the catalyst located in the isothermal layer perform heat exchange through the first spiral heat exchange tube (15) and the second spiral heat exchange tube (16).

2. The multi-bed gas-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor according to claim 1, wherein: Guide chutes (28) are fixed at both the upper and lower ends of the inner wall of the tank body (10), and a plurality of ball bearings are assembled between the first annular plate (23) and the guide chute (28) and between the second annular plate (25) and the guide chute (28). The first annular plate (23) and the tank body (10) and the second annular plate (25) and the tank body (10) are rotationally connected through the cooperation of the guide chute (28) and the ball bearings.

3. The multi-bed gas-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shapes of the first annular plate (23), the second annular plate (25), and the guide chute (28) in the vertical direction are all trapezoidal.

4. A multi-bed gas-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A U-shaped flow channel (29) is provided inside the stirring rod (26). The cooling mechanism (30) includes a first rotary joint (31) and a second rotary joint (32). The first rotary joint (31) is fixed to the upper end of the outer side of the shaft rod (22) and is located above the motor (21). The second rotary joint (32) is fixed to the outer side of the shaft rod (22) and is located at the upper end inside the tank body (10). The first rotary joint (31) and the second rotary joint (32) and between the second rotary joint (32) and the U-shaped flow channel (29) are all connected to each other.

5. A multi-bed gas-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sector-shaped installation groove is provided inside the stirring rod (26). The flow blocking mechanism (40) includes a flow blocking plate (41) and an elastic driving element (42). The flow blocking plate (41) is rotatably connected inside the stirring rod (26), and the flow blocking plate (41) is adapted to the U-shaped flow channel (29). The elastic driving element (42) is assembled between the flow blocking plate (41) and the stirring rod (26), and the material of the elastic driving element (42) is a shape memory alloy. Among them, when the temperature of the catalyst located in the isothermal layer is within the standard temperature range, the elastic driving element (42) is in a high-temperature phase state, and the U-shaped flow channel (29) is in a through state. When the temperature of the catalyst in the isothermal layer is lower than the standard temperature range, the shape of the elastic driving element (42) changes from the high-temperature phase to the low-temperature phase, and the U-shaped flow channel (29) changes from the through state to the open state.

6. A multi-bed gas-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: A sealing collar (43) is fixed to the outer side of the stirring rod (26), and the sealing collar (43) is adapted to the sector-shaped installation groove.

7. A multi-bed gas-cooled isothermal ammonia synthesis reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The materials of the stirring rod (26), the flow blocking plate (41), and the sealing collar (43) all have the characteristic of high thermal conductivity.

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