Agent for flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals

Abstract

The invention provides a reagent for flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals, and belongs to the technical field of mineral separation. The reagent for flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals comprises a collecting agent, a regulating agent and an inhibitor, the collecting agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 to 40 parts of alkyl phosphoric acid, 60 to 80 parts of alkanoylamino carboxylic acid (sulfonic acid) and 1 to 10 parts of alpha-nitroso-beta-naphthol. The regulator is aluminum potassium sulfate; the inhibitor is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 40 to 50 parts of water glass, 40 to 45 parts of lignosulfonic acid and 5 to 20 parts of bitter ketonic acid. According to the method, efficient recovery of fluorite is achieved through the synergistic effect of the collecting agent, the adjusting agent and the inhibitor, the grade of CaF2 in fluorite concentrate exceeds 96%, and the recovery rate reaches 85% or above.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ore dressing, and in particular to a reagent for flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals. Background Art

[0002] Fluorite is known as the "second rare earth" and is the starting point of the fluorine chemical industry chain. As an important mineral raw material for modern industry, it is mainly used in strategic emerging industries such as new energy and new materials, as well as in the fields of national defense, military, and nuclear industry. It is also an important raw material for traditional chemical, metallurgical, building materials, and optical industries.

[0003] The low grade of fluorite ore and the complex resource endowment of co-existence in my country have led to a low level of development and utilization of most fluorite resources. With the rapid development of my country's high-end fluorine chemical industry, the gap in high-quality fluorite products will inevitably increase year by year. Therefore, strengthening the intensive and efficient utilization of "poor, fine, and mixed" fluorite resources is the only way to ease the supply pressure of high-grade fluorite resources and reduce the country's dependence on imports of strategic resources and the risk of supply security.

[0004] my country's fluorite resources are mostly associated with minerals such as calcite, dolomite, and barite. Production practice shows that in order to obtain high-grade fluorite resources, flotation technology is the key link and has the most development prospects. The key to achieving breakthrough progress in flotation indicators often lies in the precise construction of a green and efficient flotation agent system.

[0005] At present, there are the following deficiencies in the process of fluorite flotation purification:

[0006] ① The collector is mainly oleic acid. Although this type of agent has strong collecting ability, its selectivity is low. It has good applicability for fluorite resources with quartz as the main gangue mineral, but its selectivity is far from enough for fluorite resources with dolomite, calcite, barite and other minerals as impurities, which leads to excessive impurity content in fluorite concentrate products and reduces the product grade of fluorite concentrate. In addition, oleic acid collectors need to heat the pulp during the flotation process, otherwise the collecting ability and selectivity of the collector will be greatly reduced, and the heating of the pulp greatly increases the production cost of the enterprise.

[0007] ②In the process of fluorite flotation, the inhibitor of gangue minerals is mainly water glass, but the amount of water glass used in the flotation process is too large, which makes it difficult for the tailings slurry to settle and the tailings return water to be effectively utilized. At the same time, when the amount of water glass is too large, it will often have a strong inhibitory effect on fluorite, causing some fluorite minerals to enter the tailings together with the gangue, resulting in a waste of valuable minerals. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a reagent for flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is a reagent for flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals, comprising a collector, a regulator and a depressant;

[0011] The collector comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-40 parts of alkyl phosphoric acid, 60-80 parts of alkanoylaminocarboxylic (sulfonic) acid and 1-10 parts of α-nitroso-β-naphthol;

[0012] The adjusting agent is potassium aluminum sulfate;

[0013] The inhibitor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of water glass, 40-45 parts of lignin sulfonic acid and 5-20 parts of picolinic acid.

[0014] The second technical solution of the present invention is a method for flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals, which uses water glass, potassium aluminum sulfate and collectors described in the above technical solution to roughly select the fluorite ore, and then uses lignin sulfonic acid, ketoacid, potassium aluminum sulfate and collectors described in the above technical solution to select it.

[0015] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0016] The collector of the present invention has good selectivity for fluorite; the aluminum ions in the adjusting agent potassium aluminum sulfate can react with the F on the surface of fluorite. - Formation of [AlF6] 3- The complex can activate the fluorite inhibited by the inhibitor, and the sulfate can be adsorbed on the surface of the barite, further increasing the inhibitory effect on the barite. The inhibitor can achieve precise inhibition of the gangue ore. At the same time, the combined use of water glass, lignin sulfonic acid and picolinic acid in the inhibitor greatly reduces the amount of water glass, making the tailings easy to settle, and the tailings backwater can be smoothly reused, which also improves the inhibitory effect of gangue minerals in the selection stage and reduces the complexity of the selection operation. The present invention achieves efficient recovery of fluorite through the synergistic effect between the collector, the regulator and the inhibitor, and the recovery rate of CaF2 in the fluorite concentrate reaches more than 85%.

[0017] The method for flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals provided by the present invention is simple. Under the same index condition, compared with the process requiring 7-8 times of selection in the prior art, the present invention only requires 5-6 times, which greatly simplifies the process of flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals, and the recovery rate of fluorite resources is high, which is suitable for industrial production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0019] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0020] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0021] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0022] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0023] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is a reagent for flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals, comprising a collector, a regulator and a depressant;

[0024] The collector comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-40 parts of alkyl phosphoric acid, 60-80 parts of alkanoylaminocarboxylic (sulfonic) acid and 1-10 parts of α-nitroso-β-naphthol;

[0025] The adjusting agent is potassium aluminum sulfate;

[0026] The inhibitor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of water glass, 40-45 parts of lignin sulfonic acid and 5-20 parts of picolinic acid.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present invention, the reagent for flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals consists of a collector, a regulator and a depressant;

[0028] The collector is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 10-40 parts of alkyl phosphoric acid, 60-80 parts of alkanoylaminocarboxylic (sulfonic) acid and 1-10 parts of α-nitroso-β-naphthol;

[0029] The adjusting agent is potassium aluminum sulfate;

[0030] The inhibitor is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 40-50 parts of water glass, 40-45 parts of lignin sulfonic acid and 5-20 parts of picolinic acid.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present invention, the structural formula of the alkyl phosphoric acid is:

[0032]

[0033] Wherein, R1 and R2 are independently selected from H, C7-C10 saturated or unsaturated alkyl, but R1 and R2 are not H at the same time; preferably, the alkyl phosphoric acid is dinonyl phosphoric acid, with the structural formula

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, the structural formula of the alkanoylaminocarboxylic (sulfonic) acid is:

[0035]

[0036] Wherein, R3 is a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group of C10-C20; R4 is H or a saturated alkyl group of C1-C2; n=1,2,3; R5 is -COOH or -SO3H; preferably, the alkanoylaminocarboxylic (sulfonic) acid is oleamidomethyltaurine, with the structural formula

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, the molecular structure of the lignin sulfonic acid is:

[0038]

[0039] The molecular structure of the bitter keto acid is:

[0040]

[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, the modulus of the water glass is 2.0-2.5.

[0042] The second technical solution of the present invention is a method for flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals, which uses water glass, potassium aluminum sulfate and collectors described in the above technical solution to roughly select the fluorite ore, and then uses lignin sulfonic acid, ketoacid, potassium aluminum sulfate and collectors described in the above technical solution to select it.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present invention, the roughing is specifically as follows: after grinding the fluorite ore and preparing it into a slurry, the water glass, potassium aluminum sulfate and the collector described in the above technical solution are sequentially added to perform roughing on the fluorite ore to obtain a roughing concentrate and a roughing tailings;

[0044] The selection is specifically:

[0045] Step 1. After the roughing concentrate is prepared into a pulp, the lignin sulfonic acid and picolinic acid, potassium aluminum sulfate, and collector described in the above technical solution are added in sequence for the first concentration to obtain a first concentrate and a first tailing;

[0046] Step 2. After the first concentrate is prepared into ore pulp, the concentrating process of step 1 is repeated; a total of n concentrating is performed; fluorite concentrate and nth tailings are obtained; 5≤n≤7. During the concentrating and roughing processes, each reagent or reagent combination is added and stirred for 2 to 5 minutes before adding the next reagent or reagent combination.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present invention, before adding lignin sulfonic acid and picric acid, potassium aluminum sulfate and collector for beneficiation, the steps of dissolving the lignin sulfonic acid and picric acid in a sodium carbonate solution with a concentration of 2 to 5 wt%, and dissolving the collector in a sodium carbonate solution with a concentration of 2 to 5 wt% are also included. In the present invention, after dissolving lignin sulfonic acid and picric acid in a sodium carbonate solution and dissolving the collector in a sodium carbonate solution, the addition in the beneficiation stage is performed.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the roughing and each cleaning process, the total amount of water glass, lignin sulfonic acid and picroic acid is 400-1000 g / t fluorite ore; the mass ratio of water glass, lignin sulfonic acid and picroic acid is (40-50): (40-45): (5-20);

[0049] In the roughing and each cleaning process, the dosage of potassium aluminum sulfate is 200-600t / fluorite ore;

[0050] In the roughing and each cleaning process, the amount of the collector used is 800-1500t / fluorite ore.

[0051] In the present invention, as the number of times of selection increases, the amount of collector (alkyl phosphoric acid, 60-80 parts of alkanoylamino carboxylic (sulfonic) acid and α-nitroso-β-naphthol), regulator and inhibitor (water glass, lignin sulfonic acid and picolinic acid) is gradually reduced. For example, when the number of selections is 5, the amount of inhibitor used in the roughing, first, second, third, fourth and fifth selection processes is 1000g / t of raw ore, 600g / t of raw ore, 500g / t of raw ore, 400g / t of raw ore, 400g / t of raw ore, 400g / t of raw ore. The amount of potassium aluminum sulfate used in the roughing, first, second, third, fourth and fifth selection processes is 600g / t of raw ore, 500g / t of raw ore, 300g / t of raw ore, 200g / t of raw ore, 200g / t of raw ore, 200g / t of raw ore. The dosage of collector in the roughing, first, second, third, fourth and fifth concentration processes is 1500g / t of raw ore, 1300g / t of raw ore, 1000g / t of raw ore, 800g / t of raw ore, 800g / t of raw ore and 800g / t of raw ore respectively.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present invention, after the roughing is completed, the step of scavenging the roughing tailings is further included; the scavenging is specifically:

[0053] S1. The roughing tailings are prepared into a slurry and then subjected to a first scavenging to obtain a first scavenging concentrate and a first scavenging tailings;

[0054] S2. After the tailings of the first scavenging are prepared into a slurry, the scavenging process of S1 is repeated; a total of m scavenging times are performed to obtain the mth scavenging concentrate and the final tailings;

[0055] The mth scavenging concentrate is returned to the m-1th scavenging, the first tailings and the first scavenging concentrate are mixed and ground to a particle size of -0.045mm with a proportion greater than or equal to 70% and then returned to the roughing, and the nth tailings are returned to the n-1th concentrating; 5≤n≤7, 2≤m≤3. The present invention reuses the tailings through the scavenging step, reducing the waste of fluorite resources. In addition, no additional reagents need to be added during the scavenging, which is green, environmentally friendly and resource-saving.

[0056] The working principle of the reagent for flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals in the present invention is as follows:

[0057] The collector combination provided by the present invention includes alkyl phosphoric acid, alkanoylamino carboxylic (sulfonic) acid, and α-nitroso-β-naphthol, wherein α-nitroso-β-naphthol belongs to a chelating agent, has good adsorption characteristics on the surface of fine-grained fluorite, and can increase the hydrophobicity of the surface of fine-grained minerals. The oxygen atom in the carboxylic (sulfonic) acid group and the oxygen atom in the acyl group in the alkanoylamino carboxylic (sulfonic) acid collector molecule can be adsorbed on the mineral surface at the same time, increasing the adsorption capacity and selectivity of the collector on the mineral surface, while the presence of the alkyl substituent on the N atom increases the steric hindrance of the agent, making it difficult to adsorb on the surface of minerals with larger anionic groups such as calcite, dolomite, and barite, thereby having good selectivity for fluorite. In addition to having good selectivity for fluorite, the two alkyl substituents in the non-polar group of alkyl phosphoric acid can increase the mechanical strength of the flotation foam, thereby producing a synergistic effect with the α-nitroso-β-naphthol with a shorter non-polar group, thereby increasing the recovery rate of fluorite. Compared with traditional fatty acid collectors, the collector combination provided in the present invention has shorter molecular chains, more polar groups in the molecules, better low-temperature resistance, and no need to heat the slurry during flotation operations in winter, which can greatly reduce the cost of mineral processing.

[0058] The adjusting agent provided by the present invention is potassium aluminum sulfate, and the aluminum ions can react with the F - Formation of [AlF6] 3- The complex can activate the fluorite inhibited by the inhibitor, and the sulfate can be adsorbed on the surface of the barite, further increasing the inhibitory effect on the barite.

[0059] The inhibitor combination provided by the present invention includes water glass, lignin sulfonic acid and picroic acid. Water glass is cheap and easy to obtain. The combined use can reduce the inhibitor cost of the concentrator. Water glass is used in the roughing stage to inhibit some of the gangue minerals that are easier to inhibit. The molecules of lignin sulfonic acid and picroic acid contain a large number of hydrophilic groups such as sulfonic acid, hydroxyl, nitro, and carbonyl, which can be adsorbed on the surface of gangue minerals and increase their hydrophilicity. When used in the concentrating stage, they can achieve precise inhibition of gangue ores such as calcite, fluorite, barite, ferric oxide, and alumina. The combined use of the three inhibitors greatly reduces the amount of water glass used, makes the tailings easy to settle, and the tailings return water is smoothly reused, and the inhibition effect of gangue minerals in the concentrating stage is improved, and the complexity of the concentrating operation is reduced. Under the same index conditions, the process that originally required 7-8 concentrating times now only needs 5-6 times.

[0060] In order to better understand the present invention, the content of the present invention is further explained in conjunction with the following examples, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The modulus of the water glass used in the examples is 2.0-2.5.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] In terms of weight, the inhibitor is 50 parts of water glass, 40 parts of lignin sulfonic acid and 10 parts of picolinic acid; the regulator is 100 parts of potassium aluminum sulfate; the collector is 20 parts of dinonylphosphonic acid, 70 parts of oleamidomethyltaurine and 10 parts of α-nitroso-β-naphthol.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] In terms of weight, the inhibitor is 45 parts of water glass, 45 parts of lignin sulfonic acid and 10 parts of picolinic acid; the regulator is 100 parts of potassium aluminum sulfate; the collector is 20 parts of dinonylphosphonic acid, 75 parts of oleyl methyl taurine and 5 parts of α-nitroso-β-naphthol.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] In terms of weight, the inhibitor is 50 parts of water glass, 45 parts of lignin sulfonic acid and 5 parts of picolinic acid; the regulator is 100 parts of potassium aluminum sulfate; the collector is 20 parts of dinonylphosphonic acid, 75 parts of oleyl methyl taurine and 5 parts of α-nitroso-β-naphthol.

[0067] Example 4

[0068] In terms of weight, the inhibitor is 50 parts of water glass, 45 parts of lignin sulfonic acid and 5 parts of picolinic acid; the regulator is 100 parts of potassium aluminum sulfate; the collector is 15 parts of dinonylphosphonic acid, 80 parts of oleyl methyl taurine and 5 parts of α-nitroso-β-naphthol.

[0069] Example 5

[0070] In terms of weight, the inhibitor is 40 parts of water glass, 50 parts of lignin sulfonic acid and 10 parts of picolinic acid; the regulator is 100 parts of potassium aluminum sulfate; the collector is 10 parts of dinonylphosphonic acid, 80 parts of oleamidomethyltaurine and 10 parts of α-nitroso-β-naphthol.

[0071] The samples processed by Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention are a complex co-existing fluorite mine in Shangluo, Shaanxi. The flotation temperature is 23±2°C, and a positive flotation closed-circuit process is adopted. The specific operation process is: the fluorite ore is ground to -0.074mm, accounting for about 80%, and a slurry with a mass concentration of 35% is prepared, and then water glass, potassium aluminum sulfate, and a collector are successively added (the collector is first dissolved in a sodium carbonate solution with a concentration of 2wt%, and then added. The collector is added in the same manner in the following process) for roughing to obtain a roughing concentrate and a roughing tailing; the roughing concentrate is prepared into a slurry with a mass concentration of 30%, and lignin sulfonic acid and picroic acid are successively added (lignin sulfonic acid and picroic acid are first dissolved in a sodium carbonate solution with a concentration of 2wt%, and then added. The lignin sulfonic acid and picroic acid are added in the same manner in the following process), potassium aluminum sulfate, and a collector are performed for the first selection to obtain a first concentrate and a first tailing; the first The concentrate is prepared into a pulp with a mass concentration of 30%, and lignin sulfonic acid and ketoacid, potassium aluminum sulfate and a collector are added in sequence for a second concentration to obtain a second concentrate and a second tailing. The second concentrate is prepared into a pulp with a mass concentration of 25%, and lignin sulfonic acid and ketoacid, potassium aluminum sulfate and a collector are added in sequence for a third concentration to obtain a third concentrate and a third tailing. The third concentrate is prepared into a pulp with a mass concentration of 25%, and lignin sulfonic acid and ketoacid, potassium aluminum sulfate and a collector are added in sequence for a fourth concentration to obtain a fourth concentrate and a fourth tailing. The fourth concentrate is prepared into a pulp with a mass concentration of 25%, and lignin sulfonic acid and ketoacid, potassium aluminum sulfate and a collector are added in sequence for a fifth concentration to obtain a fluorite concentrate and a fifth tailing. After the roughing tailings are prepared into a pulp with a mass concentration of 25%, no reagents are added for the first scavenging to obtain the first scavenging concentrate and the first scavenging tailings; after the first scavenging tailings are prepared into a pulp with a mass concentration of 25%, no reagents are added for the second scavenging to obtain the second scavenging concentrate and the second scavenging tailings. The second scavenging concentrate returns to the first scavenging, the first tailings and the first scavenging concentrate are mixed and ground to a particle size of -0.045mm accounting for about 70% and then returned to the roughing, the second tailings return to the first concentrating, the third tailings return to the second concentrating, the fourth tailings return to the third concentrating, and the fifth tailings return to the fourth concentrating. After each reagent or reagent combination is added, stir for 2 to 5 minutes before adding the next reagent or reagent combination.

[0072] The dosage of inhibitors (water glass, lignin sulfonic acid and ketoic acid) in the roughing, first, second, third, fourth and fifth concentration processes are 1000 g / t of raw ore, 600 g / t of raw ore, 500 g / t of raw ore, 400 g / t of raw ore, 400 g / t of raw ore and 400 g / t of raw ore, respectively. Among them, water glass is only added in the roughing stage, lignin sulfonic acid and ketoic acid are added in the concentration stage, and the dosage ratio of the two agents is the same as in the embodiment. The dosage of potassium aluminum sulfate in the roughing, first, second, third, fourth and fifth concentration processes is 600g / t of original ore, 500g / t of original ore, 300g / t of original ore, 200g / t of original ore, 200g / t of original ore and 200g / t of original ore respectively; the dosage of collector in the roughing, first, second, third, fourth and fifth concentration processes is 1500g / t of original ore, 1300g / t of original ore, 1000g / t of original ore, 800g / t of original ore, 800g / t of original ore and 800g / t of original ore respectively.

[0073] Table 1 is the grade and recovery of CaF2 in fluorite concentrate obtained after closed-circuit flotation test using the reagent system of Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention. The data in Table 1 show that after one roughing, five fine cleaning and two scavenging of the barite crude product using the method of the present invention, a fluorite concentrate with a CaF2 mass content of 96.67% to 97.51% and a recovery rate of 86.37% to 87.65% can be obtained. The mass content of BaSO4 in the fluorite concentrate is 0.67% to 0.87%, the mass content of CaCO3 is 0.62% to 0.85%, the mass content of Fe2O3 is 0.22% to 0.32%, the mass content of S is 0.025% to 0.039%, the mass content of P is 0.028% to 0.045%, and the mass content of SiO2 is 0.85% to 1.11%.

[0074] Table 1 Grade and recovery of CaF2 in fluorite concentrate

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] When the alkyl phosphoric acid is didecyl phosphoric acid and the alkanoylaminocarboxylic (sulfonic) acid is myristic amide homotaurine, the present invention also conducts an experiment on the flotation separation of fluorite. The experimental results show that when other alkyl phosphoric acids and alkanoylaminocarboxylic (sulfonic) acids are selected, the flotation separation effect of fluorite is equivalent to that of Examples 1-5, which will not be repeated here due to space reasons.

[0078] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reagent for flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals, characterized in that: Includes collectors, conditioners and inhibitors; The collector comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-40 parts of alkyl phosphoric acid, 60-80 parts of alkanoylaminocarboxylic (sulfonic) acid and 1-10 parts of α-nitroso-β-naphthol; The adjusting agent is potassium aluminum sulfate; The inhibitor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of water glass, 40-45 parts of lignin sulfonic acid and 5-20 parts of picolinic acid.

2. The reagent for flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structural formula of the alkyl phosphoric acid is: Wherein, R1 and R2 are each independently selected from H, C7-C10 saturated or unsaturated alkyl, but R1 and R2 are not H at the same time; The structural formula of the alkanoylaminocarboxylic (sulfonic) acid is: Wherein, R3 is a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group of C10-C20; R4 is H or a saturated alkyl group of C1-C2; n=1, 2, 3; R5 is -COOH or -SO3H.

3. A method for flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals, characterized in that: Fluorite ore is roughly selected using water glass, potassium aluminum sulfate and a collector as described in claim 1, and then selected using lignin sulfonic acid, picolinic acid, potassium aluminum sulfate and a collector as described in claim 1.

4. The method for flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals according to claim 3, characterized in that: The roughing is specifically as follows: after grinding the fluorite ore and preparing it into a pulp, the water glass, potassium aluminum sulfate and the collector described in claim 1 are sequentially added to perform roughing on the fluorite ore to obtain a roughing concentrate and a roughing tailing; The selected items are specifically: Step 1. After the roughing concentrate is prepared into a pulp, the lignin sulfonic acid and picolinic acid, potassium aluminum sulfate, and a collector as described in claim 1 are sequentially added to perform a first concentration to obtain a first concentrate and a first tailing; Step 2. After the first concentrate is prepared into ore pulp, the concentrating process of step 1 is repeated; a total of n times of concentrating are performed to obtain fluorite concentrate and nth tailings; Said 5≤n≤7.

5. The method for flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the roughing and each cleaning process, the total amount of water glass, lignin sulfonic acid and picroic acid is 400-1000g / t fluorite ore; the mass ratio of water glass, lignin sulfonic acid and picroic acid is (40-50):(40-45):(5-20); In the roughing and each cleaning process, the dosage of potassium aluminum sulfate is 200-600t / fluorite ore; In the roughing and each cleaning process, the amount of the collector used is 800-1500t / fluorite ore.

6. The method for flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals according to claim 4, characterized in that: After the roughing is completed, the step of sweeping the roughing tailings is also included.

7. The method for flotation separation of fluorite and gangue minerals according to claim 6, characterized in that: The scanning tool is: S1. The roughing tailings are prepared into a slurry and then subjected to a first scavenging to obtain a first scavenging concentrate and a first scavenging tailings; S2. After the tailings of the first scavenging are prepared into a slurry, the scavenging process of step S1 is repeated; a total of m scavenging times are performed to obtain the mth scavenging concentrate and the final tailings; The mth scavenging concentrate is returned to the m-1th scavenging, the first tailings and the first scavenging concentrate are mixed and returned to the roughing, and the nth tailings are returned to the n-1th concentrating; Said 5≤n≤7, 2≤m≤3.

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