Installation method of fireproof thermal insulation material

Abstract

The invention discloses an installation method of a fireproof thermal insulation material, and relates to the technical field of ships. The installation method of the fireproof thermal insulation material is applied to the ocean vessel and comprises the following steps that a touch nail is welded to a metal base material containing primer; fixing the fireproof thermal insulation material on the metal base material containing the primer through a touch nail, and locking the touch nail; the fireproof heat insulation material is coated with finish paint, and installation of the fireproof heat insulation material is completed; when the fireproof heat insulation materials are spliced, the distance between the studs at the splicing seams is smaller than or equal to 50 mm; the distribution density of the touch nails is 10-25 / m < 2 >, so that the firmness of connection between the fireproof heat-insulating material and the metal base material is improved, the upwarp of the fireproof heat-insulating material at the abutted seam is reduced, the durability of the fireproof heat-insulating material is improved, and the probability of falling off is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of ship technology, and in particular to a method for installing a fireproof and heat-insulating material. Background Art

[0002] Special ships are ships with specific functions and usage scenarios, such as ocean-going survey ships, submarine operation ships, polar exploration ships, etc. Their design often focuses more on the compactness, airtightness and continuity of operation. Such ships are usually used to perform specific and complex tasks, and have extremely strict safety requirements such as fire prevention. Their fire performance requirements are different from those of ordinary ships. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new installation methods for fireproof and heat-insulating materials for special ships, improve the durability of fireproof and heat-insulating materials, and enhance the fireproof and heat-insulating performance of ships. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present application provides a method for installing fireproof and heat-insulating materials, so as to develop a new installation method for fireproof and heat-insulating materials for special ships, improve the durability of fireproof and heat-insulating materials, and enhance the fireproof and heat-insulating performance of ships.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for installing a fireproof and heat-insulating material, which is applied to an ocean-going ship, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Welding studs onto a primed metal substrate;

[0006] Fix the fireproof and heat-insulating material to the metal substrate containing the primer through the studs, and lock the studs;

[0007] Apply topcoat on the fireproof and heat-insulating materials to complete the installation of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials;

[0008] Among them, the spacing of the nails at the joints of fireproof and heat-insulating materials is less than or equal to 50mm;

[0009] The density of nails is 10 to 25 / m 2 .

[0010] The present application fixes the fireproof and heat-insulating material by means of studs, and by limiting the spacing of studs at the joints of the fireproof and heat-insulating material to be less than or equal to 50 mm, the firmness of the connection between the fireproof and heat-insulating material and the metal substrate can be improved, the warping of the fireproof and heat-insulating material at the joints can be reduced, and the durability of the fireproof and heat-insulating material can be improved. By limiting the stud distribution density to 10 to 25 / m 2 It can improve the connection strength between the fireproof and heat-insulating materials and the metal substrate and reduce the probability of falling off. Since the studs are usually welded on the metal substrate, their connection strength can support the weight of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials, provide connection reliability, and reduce the possibility of fireproof and heat-insulating materials falling off during long-term use.

[0011] It should be noted that in order to further improve the connection firmness, the studs are usually evenly distributed. In order to facilitate construction, the studs can be arranged in a horizontal and vertical array.

[0012] It should be noted that the primer can be solvent-free epoxy anti-rust primer, the topcoat can be solvent-free epoxy topcoat, and the fireproof and heat-insulating materials can be aerogel, aluminum silicate fiber, and aluminum oxide materials.

[0013] In some embodiments, the spacing of the rivets at non-joint locations when the fireproof and heat-insulating materials are spliced ​​is 250-350 mm. When the spacing of the rivets at non-joint locations when the fireproof and heat-insulating materials are spliced ​​is within this range, the amount of rivets can be reduced while ensuring the firmness of the connection, thereby saving costs.

[0014] In some embodiments, the temperature of the installation process is T, 15°C ≤ T ≤ 30°C. When the temperature of the installation process is within this range, the firmness of the rivet welding can be improved and the probability of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials falling off can be reduced; and / or,

[0015] The humidity during the installation process is less than or equal to 70%. When the humidity during the installation process is within this range, the impact of water vapor on the installation process can be reduced, and the probability of the nails rusting and breaking can be reduced.

[0016] In some embodiments, the step of welding studs on a primer-containing metal substrate comprises:

[0017] Cleaning the metal substrate, and applying a primer on the metal substrate to form a metal substrate containing a primer layer;

[0018] Mark the solder joint position on the primer, remove the primer at the solder joint position, and expose the metal substrate at the solder joint position;

[0019] Weld studs onto the metal substrate at the welding point location.

[0020] By marking the welding point position on the primer, removing the primer at the welding point position, exposing the metal substrate at the welding point position, and welding the studs on the metal substrate at the welding point position, the studs can be directly welded to the metal substrate as a whole, thereby improving the firmness of the welding. At the same time, covering other positions with primer can reduce the probability of rusting of the metal substrate.

[0021] In some embodiments, the material of the studs includes at least one of stainless steel and low-carbon steel with copper plating on the surface. Using at least one of the above materials can reduce the probability of rusting of the studs; and / or,

[0022] The diameter of the stud is 4 to 10 mm. When the diameter of the stud is within this range, the strength of the stud can be improved, thereby improving the firmness of the connection between the metal substrate and the fireproof and heat-insulating material; and / or,

[0023] The height of the studs is 5 to 10 mm higher than the fireproof and heat-insulating materials. The height of the studs is 5 to 10 mm higher than the fireproof and heat-insulating materials. This can reduce the squeezing of the studs by the expansion of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials, reduce the probability of connection failure, and improve the reliability of the connection.

[0024] In some embodiments, fixing the fireproof and heat-insulating material to the metal substrate containing the primer via studs and locking the studs comprises:

[0025] Apply adhesive over the primer;

[0026] The fireproof and heat-insulating material is fixed to the metal substrate containing the primer by means of nails and adhesives;

[0027] Install a cap or a locking plate on the stud to lock the stud.

[0028] By coating adhesive on the primer, fixing the fireproof and heat-insulating material to the metal substrate containing the primer through studs and adhesive, installing caps or locking plates on the studs, and locking the studs, the adhesive can further improve the firmness of the connection between the fireproof and heat-insulating material and the metal substrate, improve the service life and reliability of the fireproof and heat-insulating material, and reduce the harm to personnel caused by the protrusion of the studs.

[0029] In some embodiments, in the step of coating the adhesive on the primer, the amount of the adhesive is 1.0 to 1.5 kg / m 2 The amount of adhesive used within this range can improve the firmness of the connection between the fireproof and heat-insulating materials and the metal substrate, improve the service life and reliability of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials, and reduce waste.

[0030] In some embodiments, a cap or a locking piece is installed on the stud, and when the stud is locked:

[0031] The thickness of the locking piece is 0.35 to 0.5 mm. Within this range, the locking strength of the studs can be increased, the firmness of the connection between the fireproof and heat-insulating material and the metal substrate can be increased, and the service life and reliability of the fireproof and heat-insulating material can be increased; and / or,

[0032] The locking plate is made of spring steel, which has high tensile strength and yield strength, can maintain structural integrity when subjected to impact and vibration, and does not undergo permanent deformation when subjected to large stress; and / or,

[0033] The thickness of the top plate of the cap is 0.3 to 0.5 mm. When the thickness of the top plate of the cap is within this range, the locking strength of the studs can be improved, the firmness of the connection between the fireproof and heat-insulating material and the metal substrate can be improved, and the service life and reliability of the fireproof and heat-insulating material can be improved; and / or,

[0034] The bottom plate thickness of the cap is 0.35 to 0.55 mm. Within this range, the locking strength of the studs can be improved, the firmness of the connection between the fireproof and heat-insulating material and the metal substrate can be improved, and the service life and reliability of the fireproof and heat-insulating material can be improved; and / or,

[0035] The material of the top plate of the cap includes cold-rolled steel, which has higher dimensional accuracy. During the cold rolling process, the surface of the steel becomes smoother, surface defects are reduced, and the metal surface finish is improved; and / or,

[0036] The material of the bottom plate of the cap includes spring steel, which has high tensile strength and yield strength, can maintain structural integrity when subjected to impact and vibration, and will not undergo permanent deformation when subjected to large stress.

[0037] In some embodiments, the step of applying a topcoat on the fireproof and heat-insulating material to complete the installation of the fireproof and heat-insulating material includes:

[0038] Coating a surface adhesive on the fireproof and heat-insulating material to form a surface adhesive layer;

[0039] Laying flame retardant white cloth on the surface rubber layer to form a flame retardant white cloth layer;

[0040] Apply topcoat on the flame retardant white cloth layer to complete the installation of fireproof and heat-insulating materials.

[0041] By coating surface adhesive on the fireproof and heat-insulating material to form a surface adhesive layer; laying flame-retardant white cloth on the surface adhesive layer to form a flame-retardant white cloth layer; and coating topcoat on the flame-retardant white cloth layer to complete the installation of the fireproof and heat-insulating material, the warping of the fireproof and heat-insulating material at the welding point can be reduced, and the fireproof and heat-insulating performance can be improved.

[0042] In some embodiments, the amount of the surface adhesive is 0.5-0.8 kg / m 2 The amount of the surface adhesive used within this range can improve the firmness of the connection between the flame-retardant white cloth and the fireproof and heat-insulating material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for installing a fireproof and heat-insulating material according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0045] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a method for installing a fireproof and heat-insulating material according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0046] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of a method for installing a fireproof and heat-insulating material according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0047] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of a method for installing a fireproof and heat-insulating material according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0048] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of T-shaped reinforcement ribs in the installation method of fireproof and heat-insulating materials according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0049] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of L-shaped reinforcement ribs in the installation method of fireproof and heat-insulating materials according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0050] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a method for installing a fireproof and heat-insulating material in accordance with an embodiment of the present application, which shows a T-shaped reinforcement rib wrapping installation without prefabricated parts.

[0051] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a method for installing a fireproof and heat-insulating material according to an embodiment of the present application, which shows a T-shaped reinforcement rib cutting and encapsulation installation without prefabricated parts.

[0052] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the installation structure of fireproof and heat-insulating materials according to a method for installing fireproof and heat-insulating materials according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solution of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0054] Special ships are ships with specific functions and usage scenarios, such as ocean-going survey ships, submarine operation ships, polar exploration ships, etc. Their design often focuses more on the compactness, airtightness and continuity of operation. Such ships are usually used to perform specific and complex tasks, and have extremely strict safety requirements such as fire prevention. Their fire performance requirements are different from those of ordinary ships. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new installation methods for fireproof and heat-insulating materials for special ships, improve the durability of fireproof and heat-insulating materials, and enhance the fireproof and heat-insulating performance of ships.

[0055] In view of this, the present application provides a method for installing fireproof and heat-insulating materials, so as to develop a new installation method for fireproof and heat-insulating materials for special ships, improve the durability of fireproof and heat-insulating materials, and enhance the fireproof and heat-insulating performance of ships.

[0056] First, as Figure 1 As shown, the present application provides a method for installing a fireproof and heat-insulating material, which is applied to an ocean-going ship, and comprises the following steps:

[0057] S100, welding studs on a metal substrate containing a primer;

[0058] S200, fix the fireproof and heat-insulating material to the metal substrate containing the primer through the studs, and lock the studs;

[0059] S300, apply topcoat on the fireproof and heat-insulating materials to complete the installation of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials;

[0060] Among them, the spacing of the nails at the joints of fireproof and heat-insulating materials is less than or equal to 50mm;

[0061] The density of nails is 10 to 25 / m 2 .

[0062] The present application fixes the fireproof and heat-insulating material by means of studs, and by limiting the spacing of studs at the joints of the fireproof and heat-insulating material to be less than or equal to 50 mm, the firmness of the connection between the fireproof and heat-insulating material and the metal substrate can be improved, the warping of the fireproof and heat-insulating material at the joints can be reduced, and the durability of the fireproof and heat-insulating material can be improved. By limiting the stud distribution density to 10 to 25 / m 2 It can improve the connection strength between the fireproof and heat-insulating materials and the metal substrate and reduce the probability of falling off. Since the studs are usually welded on the metal substrate, their connection strength can support the weight of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials, provide connection reliability, and reduce the possibility of fireproof and heat-insulating materials falling off during long-term use.

[0063] It should be noted that in order to further improve the connection firmness, the studs are usually evenly distributed. In order to facilitate construction, the studs can be arranged in a horizontal and vertical array.

[0064] It should be noted that the primer can be solvent-free epoxy anti-rust primer, the topcoat can be solvent-free epoxy topcoat, and the fireproof and heat-insulating materials can be aerogel, aluminum silicate fiber, and aluminum oxide materials.

[0065] It should be noted that during construction, construction personnel should carefully and in detail check various design technical requirements, construction nodes and insulation laying locations. Technical training should be conducted for construction, quality inspection, dispatching and other personnel before the construction of fireproof and heat-insulating materials. All fireproof and heat-insulating materials that are damp or soaked in water shall not be used on board. Construction shall not be carried out when there is condensation on the surface of the components. Before laying fireproof and heat-insulating materials, the steel bulkheads and steel decks of the cabin must be corrected and passed the tightness inspection. The surfaces of the steel bulkheads and steel decks shall be derusted and primed in accordance with the requirements of the relevant technical drawings. All kinds of brackets, bases, ducts and openings on the steel bulkheads and steel decks that need to be welded should be installed and welded. The open flame and electric welding work on the back of the steel bulkheads and steel decks where fireproof and heat-insulating materials are laid should be completed in advance. All kinds of doors, windows and covers should be installed. The fire-resistant insulation on the steel bulkhead or steel deck at the A-60, A-30 and A-15 fire-resistant divisions shall be extended outward at all termination points and junctions according to the requirements of the fire-resistant structural insulation layout drawing, and the extension distance shall not be less than 450mm. Confirm the temperature and humidity of the construction environment. For the environment temperature that is too low or too high, corresponding measures for raising / lowering the temperature shall be taken. There shall be sufficient working area at the construction site, which shall be flat and clean, without flying dust, and with good ventilation, rain protection and sufficient lighting equipment.

[0066] Check and debug the welding machine to make it reach the technical state of normal operation. According to the requirements of the pallet table, place the studs, spring compression pieces, caps, etc. of different lengths and specifications on the decks or cabins required for construction at each layer. According to the requirements of the pallet table and relevant drawings, the boxed fireproof and heat-insulating materials to be used are neatly stacked in a clean and dry cabin according to the deck layers.

[0067] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the spacing of the rivets at the non-joint locations when the fireproof and heat-insulating materials are spliced ​​is 250 to 350 mm. When the spacing of the rivets at the non-joint locations when the fireproof and heat-insulating materials are spliced ​​is within this range, the amount of rivets can be reduced while ensuring the firmness of the connection, thereby saving costs.

[0068] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the temperature of the installation process is T, 15°C≤T≤30°C. When the temperature of the installation process is within this range, the firmness of the rivet welding can be improved and the probability of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials falling off can be reduced.

[0069] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the humidity during the installation process is less than or equal to 70%. When the humidity during the installation process is within this range, the impact of water vapor on the installation process can be reduced, and the probability of the nails rusting and breaking can be reduced.

[0070] Combined with the first aspect, Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the welding of studs on a metal substrate containing a primer includes:

[0071] S101, cleaning a metal substrate, and applying a primer on the metal substrate to form a metal substrate containing a primer layer;

[0072] S102, marking the position of the welding point on the primer, removing the primer at the welding point position, and exposing the metal substrate at the welding point position;

[0073] S103, welding studs on the metal substrate at the welding point position.

[0074] By marking the welding point position on the primer, removing the primer at the welding point position, exposing the metal substrate at the welding point position, and welding the studs on the metal substrate at the welding point position, the studs can be directly welded to the metal substrate as a whole, thereby improving the firmness of the welding. At the same time, covering other positions with primer can reduce the probability of rusting of the metal substrate.

[0075] The surface of the metal substrate should be polished to St2.5 and wiped with a detergent to ensure that the surface is clean, dry and free of dirt before applying the primer. The damaged parts of the primer need to be repainted.

[0076] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the material of the studs includes at least one of stainless steel and low-carbon steel with a copper-plated surface. Using at least one of the above materials can reduce the probability of the studs rusting.

[0077] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the diameter of the studs is 4 to 10 mm. When the diameter of the studs is within this range, the strength of the studs can be improved, thereby improving the firmness of the connection between the metal substrate and the fireproof and heat-insulating material.

[0078] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the height of the studs is 5 to 10 mm higher than the fireproof and heat-insulating material. The ... This can reduce the squeezing of the studs by the expansion of the fireproof and heat-insulating material, reduce the probability of connection failure, and improve the reliability of the connection.

[0079] Combined with the first aspect, Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the method of fixing the fireproof and heat-insulating material to the metal substrate containing the primer via the studs and locking the studs includes:

[0080] S201, applying adhesive on the primer;

[0081] S202, fixing the fireproof and heat-insulating material to the metal substrate containing the primer through nails and adhesives;

[0082] S203, install a cap or a locking plate on the stud to lock the stud.

[0083] By applying adhesive on the primer, fixing the fireproof and heat-insulating material to the metal substrate containing the primer through the studs and adhesive, installing caps or locking plates on the studs, and locking the studs, the adhesive can further improve the firmness of the connection between the fireproof and heat-insulating material and the metal substrate, improve the service life and reliability of the fireproof and heat-insulating material, and reduce the harm to personnel caused by the protrusion of the studs. High temperature resistant flame retardant adhesives can be used.

[0084] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, in the coating of the adhesive on the primer, the amount of the adhesive is 1.0 to 1.5 kg / m 2 The amount of adhesive used within this range can improve the firmness of the connection between the fireproof and heat-insulating materials and the metal substrate, improve the service life and reliability of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials, and reduce waste.

[0085] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, a cap or a locking plate is installed on the stud, and in the locking stud: the thickness of the locking plate is 0.35 to 0.5 mm. The thickness of the locking plate is within this range, which can improve the locking strength of the stud, improve the firmness of the connection between the fireproof and heat-insulating material and the metal substrate, and improve the service life and reliability of the fireproof and heat-insulating material.

[0086] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, a cap or a locking plate is installed on the stud, and in the locking stud: the material of the locking plate includes spring steel, which has high tensile strength and yield strength, can maintain structural integrity when subjected to impact and vibration, and does not undergo permanent deformation when subjected to large stress.

[0087] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, a cap or a locking plate is installed on the stud, and in the locking stud: the top plate thickness of the cap is 0.3 to 0.5 mm. The top plate thickness of the cap is within this range, which can improve the locking strength of the stud, improve the firmness of the connection between the fireproof and heat-insulating material and the metal substrate, and improve the service life and reliability of the fireproof and heat-insulating material.

[0088] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, a cap or a locking plate is installed on the stud, and in the locking stud: the bottom plate thickness of the cap is 0.35 to 0.55 mm. The bottom plate thickness of the cap is within this range, which can improve the locking strength of the stud, improve the firmness of the connection between the fireproof and heat-insulating material and the metal substrate, and improve the service life and reliability of the fireproof and heat-insulating material.

[0089] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, a cap or a locking plate is installed on the stud, and in the locking stud: the material of the top plate of the cap includes cold-rolled steel, and the cold-rolled steel has higher dimensional accuracy. At the same time, during the cold rolling process, the surface of the steel will become smoother, reducing surface defects and improving the surface finish of the metal.

[0090] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, a cap or a locking plate is installed on the stud, and in the locking stud: the material of the bottom plate of the cap includes spring steel, which has high tensile strength and yield strength, can maintain structural integrity when subjected to impact and vibration, and does not undergo permanent deformation when subjected to large stress.

[0091] Combined with the first aspect, Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the cap or locking sheet is installed on the stud, and the stud is locked: the topcoat is applied on the fireproof and heat-insulating material, and the installation of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is completed, including:

[0092] S301, coating a surface adhesive on the fireproof and heat-insulating material to form a surface adhesive layer;

[0093] S302, laying a flame retardant white cloth on the surface rubber layer to form a flame retardant white cloth layer;

[0094] S303. Apply topcoat on the flame-retardant white cloth layer to complete the installation of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials.

[0095] By coating surface adhesive on the fireproof and heat-insulating material to form a surface adhesive layer; laying flame-retardant white cloth on the surface adhesive layer to form a flame-retardant white cloth layer; and coating topcoat on the flame-retardant white cloth layer to complete the installation of the fireproof and heat-insulating material, the warping of the fireproof and heat-insulating material at the welding point can be reduced, and the fireproof and heat-insulating performance can be improved.

[0096] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, a cap or a locking sheet is installed on the stud, and in locking the stud: the amount of the surface glue is 0.5 to 0.8 kg / m 2 The amount of the surface adhesive used within this range can improve the firmness of the connection between the flame-retardant white cloth and the fireproof and heat-insulating material.

[0097] The steps for installation with studs and adhesives can be:

[0098] Surface substrate treatment: For metal substrate materials, surface dust, oil stains and loose rust should be thoroughly removed.

[0099] Apply primer: Apply (scrape, wipe or spray, the same below) primer on the surface of the base material, apply 2 coats, and no subsequent construction shall be carried out before the primer is completely dry.

[0100] Determine and mark the location of the welding points: Determine the location of the welding points according to the structure of the area to be constructed and the size specifications of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials. The spacing between the rivets and welding points is controlled at (250-350) mm. At the joints of fiber and cotton board materials, the distance between the rivets and the joints is 50 mm. The spacing between the rivets on both sides of the joints is not more than 100 mm. The number of rivets per unit area is controlled at (10-25) / m 2 For large flat areas, the number of studs should be appropriately reduced. For areas with complex shapes, such as curved surfaces with large curvature radius, pipelines and opening accessory areas, the number of studs should be appropriately increased. At the corresponding positions painted with primer, use stone pencil lines and punctuation to mark. It is necessary to ensure that the stud welding points are straight in both horizontal and vertical directions. Grind the marked areas, remove the primer, and expose the metal base material.

[0101] Welding studs: Use a stud welding machine to fix the studs at the welding points marked above. The studs should be made of low-carbon steel or stainless steel with a copper-plated surface, with a diameter of 4 to 10 mm and a length of about (5 to 10) mm longer than the nominal thickness of fiber and cotton board materials. Use a ship insulation stud welding machine to weld the studs. When welding, the studs must be completely perpendicular to the plane of the metal substrate to be welded. After the stud welding is completed, the construction personnel wear gloves to pull the studs to check the firmness of the welding. For stud points that fall off during the inspection, use new studs to re-weld. Repeat the inspection steps until all studs are firmly welded. For the solder joints at the root of the studs and nearby areas, use a brush to apply additional primer.

[0102] Applying primer and pasting fiber and cotton board: Cut fiber and cotton board materials into specified sizes as required. Before cutting, the size of the area to be laid must be accurately measured first. A sample can be made of hard cardboard. The actual size of the fiber and cotton board after cutting should be enlarged by about (0.5-1) mm compared to the size of the area to be laid to ensure that there is preload at the joint. When cutting, use sharp cutting tools to avoid burrs or breakage. For single-layer thicker materials, cut them in multiple times. There are two ways to handle the section after cutting: (1) Apply flame-retardant white glue and paste the same finishing material as the sandwich structure fiber and cotton board materials, such as glass fiber cloth; (2) Apply flame-retardant putty when laying fireproof and heat-insulating materials. When splicing with other fiber and cotton board materials, ensure that the fiber and cotton board material on the other side of the joint corresponding to the cut section is the end face containing the finishing material. On the surface of the metal substrate coated with primer, evenly apply a certain amount of primer so that the surface of the substrate is covered with primer. The theoretical amount of primer is about (1.0~1.5)kg / m 2, which can be adjusted according to the actual construction situation. Apply pressure slowly to allow the fiber and cotton board materials to penetrate the studs and stick to the primer surface. Press the fiber and cotton board materials to make them completely bond with the painted substrate and keep them for a period of time so that the two do not fall off spontaneously without external force. If necessary, additional reinforcement facilities can be used for curved surfaces, arc surfaces, and upper surfaces, and maintained for a period of time until the theoretical drying time of the primer is exceeded under the ambient temperature and humidity. The overall construction sequence is to first strengthen the special-shaped areas such as reinforcement materials and openings, and then the curved and flat areas. For the construction of prefabricated materials, take T-type reinforcement as an example. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the construction sequence is first the face plate, then the web plate, and finally the flat plate; taking L-shaped stiffeners or bulb flat steel as an example, when the fireproof and heat-insulating materials are laid, there is no web plate, only sleeve blocks and flat plates, such as Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the construction sequence is first to cover the block, then the flat plate. For fiber and cotton board materials without prefabricated parts, there are two ways to construct them: (1) directly go over the stiffener and cover it as a whole. Take T-type stiffener as an example, Figure 7 As shown in the figure, this method will result in gaps in the area near the reinforcing ribs; (2) Cut the fiber and cotton board materials into small pieces and lay them one by one, such as Figure 8 As shown, the main problem with this method is that the fiber and panel need to be cut and processed on site, which requires a large amount of processing and causes a large loss of material. For wire and cable trusses or pipe legs and other legs and bases connected to metal substrates, the cutting edges of the insulating material should be neat and tight when pasting.

[0103] Install caps or locking plates: Confirm that the length of the nail exposed on the surface of the fiber or cotton board material is (5-10) mm. For the excessive length, use tools such as wire cutters to cut it off. According to the application scenario, choose to install caps or locking plates at the corresponding position of the nail, or directly bend the exposed nail head. The locking plate is 0.35 mm thick, made of 65Mn spring steel, and galvanized on the surface. The top plate of the cap is 0.3 mm thick, made of cold-rolled steel, and white spray-coated on the surface; the bottom plate of the cap is 0.35 mm thick, made of spring steel, and white spray-coated on the surface. If there is a wall panel on the outside of the fireproof and heat-insulating material, choose to fix it with a locking plate. After the locking plate is pressed, it is slightly lower than the outer surface of the fiber or cotton board material, and use pliers to bend the exposed nail head; if there is no wall panel on the outside of the fireproof and heat-insulating material, use a cap to fix it and press the cap on the surface of the fiber or cotton board material. For caps, after installation, construction workers need to wear gloves to pull or rotate the caps to check the firmness of the caps. Caps that fall off easily should be replaced.

[0104] Putty caulking: For the joints of fiber and cotton board materials, flame retardant putty is used to fill them. The amount of flame retardant putty used, the area of ​​the surface required for caulking, and the overall surface flatness are adjusted according to the actual construction situation. Check the surface condition of fiber and cotton board materials to confirm whether there is a thickness difference or arching phenomenon. If so, use a sharp tool to cut it flat. Clean the surface of fiber and cotton board materials and remove surface dust, residues, etc. Use a scraper or scraper to scrape the joints and surface pits of fiber and cotton board materials flat with putty. No obvious scratches should appear, and do not scrape back and forth. After the flame retardant putty is dry, it is necessary to inspect the flatness, smoothness and surface cleanliness. Only after acceptance can the subsequent steps be carried out.

[0105] Applying surface glue and sticking white cloth: In an environment of (15-30)℃, the surface glue should be applied at least 20 hours after the flame retardant putty is used to fill the joints between fiber and cotton board materials, and the flame retardant putty is completely dry. Before applying the surface glue, it is necessary to check whether the flame retardant putty at the joints of fiber and cotton board materials is flat and smooth. If there are burrs, scratches, unevenness or rubber particles, use sandpaper to polish until the surface meets the surface flatness requirements. The surface glue needs to be stirred evenly before use. Apply a certain amount of surface glue on the surface of fiber and cotton board materials. The theoretical amount of surface glue is about (0.5-0.8) kg / m 2 The non-volatile content of the surface adhesive is about 60%. After it is completely dry, the residual mass can be calculated by multiplying the applied mass by a coefficient of 0.6, and the residual mass is about (0.30-0.48) kg / m 2. When applying the surface glue, ensure that it is applied evenly as much as possible. When cutting the flame-retardant white cloth, try to choose a large-width flame-retardant white cloth, and the length should not exceed 1.5m. The edges of the flame-retardant white cloth after cutting should be straight, and no yarn picking (free yarn) should appear. Paste the flame-retardant white cloth on the surface of fiber and cotton board materials. Paste the flame-retardant white cloth in groups, with at least 2 people in each group. Start pasting from one end of the flame-retardant white cloth to the other end, and then use a scraper to scrape repeatedly from the center of the flame-retardant white cloth to the surrounding area to remove bubbles and excess surface glue between the flame-retardant white cloth and the fiber and cotton board materials, until the flame-retardant white cloth is evenly pasted on the surface of the fiber and cotton board materials. When pasting flame-retardant white cloth, there are two ways to handle the flame-retardant white cloth: (1) leaving a gap. The gap of the flame-retardant white cloth needs to be staggered with the gap of fiber and cotton board materials, and a gap of (5-8) mm is left between the flame-retardant white cloth; (2) overlapping. The overlap width of the remaining area except the reinforcement is (5-10) mm. The overlap width of the flame-retardant white cloth on the reinforcement is (20-25) mm, and extends (20-25) mm between the reinforcements. The overlap area is fully coated with surface glue. The flame-retardant white cloth in the reinforcement area needs to be overlapped. First, the flame-retardant white cloth on the reinforcement is pasted, and then the flame-retardant white cloth between the reinforcements is pasted. If there is no special requirement, the other areas are treated with a gap. For the overlap treatment, there is no need to use flame-retardant putty. For the gap treatment, the gap between the flame-retardant white cloth needs to be scraped flat with flame-retardant putty. In an environment of (15-30)℃, the flame retardant putty should be applied at least 30 hours after the white cloth is pasted and the surface glue is completely dry. Use a small scraper to dip a small amount of putty and scrape it horizontally on the gap, and then use a large scraper to scrape the putty along the edge of the gap to make it flat and smooth. Do not scrape back and forth. The length of a single scraping is about 300mm, until the gap is completely filled.

[0106] Apply transition paint: In an environment of (15-30)℃, the transition paint should be applied at least 30 hours after the flame retardant putty is used to fill the flame retardant white cloth, and the flame retardant putty is completely dry. Use sandpaper to remove dust, floating particles and other debris on the surface of the flame retardant white cloth to ensure the surface is clean. Apply or spray a layer of anti-rust topcoat on the surface of the flame retardant white cloth, and the thickness should be enough to completely cover the white cloth.

[0107] Putty leveling: For uneven areas on the surface of the flame-retardant white cloth, apply flame-retardant putty to level it. The amount of flame-retardant putty used, the area of ​​the surface required for caulking, and the overall surface flatness are adjusted according to the actual construction situation. After the flame-retardant putty is dry, it is necessary to inspect the flatness, smoothness, and surface cleanliness. Only after passing the acceptance test can the subsequent steps be carried out. The final structure is as follows: Fig. 9 shown.

[0108] Apply topcoat: Brush or spray anti-rust topcoat on the surface of flame-retardant white cloth, apply one coat. When brushing or spraying, it must be even, without any bottom exposure or sagging.

[0109] If damage occurs, use tools to dig out the damaged part, cut the fireproof material to the required size, and replace or repair it. During the cutting and repairing process, avoid generating dust, fibers, and slag.

[0110] For fireproof and heat-insulating materials fixed only with studs, the difference between the construction method and the stud + adhesive installation method is:

[0111] When fixing fibers and cotton boards, you need to slowly apply pressure to allow the fibers and cotton board materials to penetrate the studs until they are completely and tightly fitted to the metal substrate containing the primer, and the two do not fall off spontaneously without external force. The rest of the steps are the same.

[0112] Due to the weight limit requirements and high requirements for fireproof performance of special ships, the surface density of the fireproof coating of this application is small and the number of layers is small. Due to the particularity of organic fireproof coatings, the volume expands sharply after heating, and it is necessary to prevent the coating from falling off after thermal expansion. Therefore, after applying the third coat of coating, it is recommended to lay a mesh cloth such as a metal grid on the surface, and the mesh cloth relies on the viscosity of the coating itself to connect with the original coating.

[0113] Aluminum silicate fiber materials have a yellow hard layer on one side. When laying fibers and cotton boards, it is necessary to distinguish the front and back sides and use the yellow hard layer as the outward exposed surface.

[0114] Due to the inherent characteristics of aerogel fireproof and heat-insulating materials, a certain amount of dust will be generated and the adhesion to the substrate is insufficient. Therefore, it is best to coat the surface of the aerogel when cutting, so as to apply a certain amount of primer on the fireproof and heat-insulating material to improve the adhesion.

[0115] Alumina materials are mostly blanket-like flexible materials. The size on site may be too large or too small. There is no hard panel, so there is drag after pasting. Since the material is flexible, the primer should not be applied on the material. Therefore, if it is slightly larger, no additional treatment is required. During construction, pre-tightening at the joints can make the construction effect better. For smaller sizes, fill with fiber cotton and sew additional external finishing materials. In order to avoid local debonding, a support structure is used on site to support the bottom of the upper stiffener between the stiffeners, and the primer is mainly applied on the substrate.

[0116] In summary, by fixing the fireproof and heat-insulating materials with studs and limiting the spacing of studs at the joints of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials to be less than or equal to 50 mm, the firmness of the connection between the fireproof and heat-insulating materials and the metal substrate can be improved, the warping of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials at the joints can be reduced, and the durability of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials can be improved. By limiting the stud distribution density to 10 to 25 pieces / m 2It can improve the connection strength between the fireproof and heat-insulating materials and the metal substrate and reduce the probability of falling off. Since the studs are usually welded on the metal substrate, their connection strength can support the weight of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials, provide connection reliability, and reduce the possibility of fireproof and heat-insulating materials falling off during long-term use.

[0117] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment / method", "some embodiments / methods", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment / method or example are included in at least one embodiment / method or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment / method or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments / methods or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments / methods or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments / methods or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0118] It should be noted that, in the present application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or equipment. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise one..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or equipment including the elements. In the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically stipulated.

[0119] The above description is only a specific implementation of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features applied for herein.

Claims

1. A method for installing fireproof and heat-insulating materials, applied to ocean-going ships, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Welding studs onto a primed metal substrate; Fix the fireproof and heat-insulating material to the metal substrate containing the primer through the studs, and lock the studs; Apply topcoat on the fireproof and heat-insulating materials to complete the installation of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials; Among them, the spacing of the nails at the joints of fireproof and heat-insulating materials is less than or equal to 50mm; The density of nails is 10 to 25 / m 2 .

2. The method for installing a fireproof and heat-insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: When fireproof and heat-insulating materials are spliced, the spacing between the rivets at non-joint locations is 250 to 350 mm.

3. The method for installing a fireproof and heat-insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature during the installation process is T, 15℃≤T≤30℃; and / or, The humidity during installation is less than or equal to 70%.

4. The method for installing a fireproof and heat-insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of welding studs on a primer-containing metal substrate comprises: Cleaning the metal substrate, and applying a primer on the metal substrate to form a metal substrate containing a primer layer; Mark the solder joint position on the primer, remove the primer at the solder joint position, and expose the metal substrate at the solder joint position; Weld studs onto the metal substrate at the welding point location.

5. The method for installing a fireproof and heat-insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the studs includes at least one of stainless steel and low-carbon steel with copper plating on the surface; and / or, The diameter of the studs is 4 to 10 mm; and / or, The height of the studs is 5 to 10 mm higher than the fireproof and heat-insulating materials.

6. The method for installing a fireproof and heat-insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of fixing the fireproof and heat-insulating material to the metal substrate containing the primer via the studs and locking the studs comprises: Apply adhesive over the primer; The fireproof and heat-insulating material is fixed to the metal substrate containing the primer by means of nails and adhesives; Install a cap or a locking plate on the stud to lock the stud.

7. The method for installing a fireproof and heat-insulating material according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step of coating the adhesive on the primer, the amount of the adhesive is 1.0 to 1.5 kg / m 2 .

8. The method for installing a fireproof and heat-insulating material according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cap or locking piece is installed on the stud, and the stud is locked: The thickness of the locking plate is 0.35 to 0.5 mm; and / or, The material of the locking plate comprises spring steel; and / or, The top plate thickness of the cap is 0.3 to 0.5 mm; and / or, The bottom plate thickness of the cap is 0.35 to 0.55 mm; and / or, The material of the top plate of the cap comprises cold rolled steel; and / or, The material of the bottom plate of the cap includes spring steel.

9. The method for installing a fireproof and heat-insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of applying topcoat on the fireproof and heat-insulating material to complete the installation of the fireproof and heat-insulating material includes: Coating a surface adhesive on the fireproof and heat-insulating material to form a surface adhesive layer; Laying flame retardant white cloth on the surface rubber layer to form a flame retardant white cloth layer; Apply topcoat on the flame retardant white cloth layer to complete the installation of fireproof and heat-insulating materials.

10. The method for installing the fireproof and heat-insulating material according to claim 9, characterized in that: The amount of surface adhesive is 0.5~0.8kg / m 2 .

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