Device and process for purifying drilling fluid and treating drilling cuttings while drilling

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas drilling, and particularly relates to a device and a process for purifying drilling fluid and treating drilling cuttings while drilling. The device for purifying the drilling fluid and processing the drilling cuttings while drilling comprises a vibration and degassing separation unit; the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit is arranged at the downstream of the vibration and degassing separation unit; the high-speed centrifugal separation unit is arranged at the downstream of the desanding and centrifugal separation unit; the drilling fluid mixing unit is arranged at the downstream of the high-speed centrifugal separation unit; the rapid sedimentation and filter pressing unit is connected with the desanding and centrifugal separation unit; the drilling cutting deep liquid removal and charging unit is connected with solid phase outlets of the vibration and degassing separation unit, the desanding and centrifugal separation unit and the rapid sedimentation and filter pressing unit; the collecting and conveying unit is connected with solid-phase outlets of the vibration and degassing separation unit, the desanding and centrifugal separation unit and the high-speed centrifugal separation unit; the rapid settling and filter pressing unit is connected with a solid-phase outlet of the collecting and conveying unit; and the standby storage unit is connected with the collecting and conveying unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas drilling, and in particular, relates to a drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device and a drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing process. Background Art

[0002] Drilling fluid is an indispensable circulating fluid in the oil drilling process. It plays the role of cleaning the bottom of the well, carrying cuttings, cooling and lubricating the drill bit and drill string, balancing the side pressure of the well wall rock, preventing pollution of the oil and gas layer and well wall collapse, balancing (controlling) the formation pressure, suspending cuttings and weighting agents, effectively transmitting hydraulic power, bearing part of the gravity of the drill pipe and casing, and hydraulically breaking rocks. The performance of drilling fluid not only affects the drilling process and drilling quality, but also affects the production performance and environmental issues of the oil well. Good drilling fluid performance is an important guarantee to ensure the safety of the wellbore during drilling, and is an important guarantee to prevent the occurrence of complex situations in the wellbore such as stuck drill, well kick, and blowout. At the same time, good drilling fluid performance is an important means of protecting the oil and gas layer, preventing damage to the oil and gas reservoir during drilling, and is also an important measure to improve oil and gas recovery and production.

[0003] Drilling fluid is mainly composed of liquid phase, solid phase and chemical treatment agent. Drilling fluid with performance that meets the requirements of different drilling stages and different formations is configured in the circulation tank of the ground solid control system. It is pumped into the wellbore by a drilling pump for repeated circulation. During the circulation process, a large amount of drilling cuttings of different particle sizes enter the drilling fluid system, which has a great impact on the performance of the drilling fluid. Therefore, when the solid-liquid mixture containing a large amount of cuttings returned to the ground from the wellbore must be purified by ground solid-liquid separation equipment to meet the requirements of the drilling process for the performance of the drilling fluid. A large number of drilling practices have shown that for every 1% reduction in harmful solid particles in the drilling fluid, the life of the drill bit can be extended by more than 7% and the drilling speed can be increased by more than 29%. In addition, the presence of fine solid particles has a huge impact on the wearing parts of solid control equipment and drilling pumps, as well as downhole tools, instruments, and oil and gas layer protection. Therefore, the ground solid control equipment separates as many harmful solid phases as possible from the circulating drilling fluid. The finer the particles and the more complex the drilling fluid composition, the greater the difficulty of separation.

[0004] With the continuous development of oil industry exploration and development, the difficulty and depth of exploration and development are increasing. Drilling technology has higher and higher requirements on the performance of drilling fluids with special functions. The types and quantities of drilling fluid treatment agents added are increasing, making the composition of drilling fluids more and more complex. There are more and more drilling fluid systems and types, and the difficulty of solid-liquid separation and purification, as well as the potential pollution risks to the construction environment are increasing. The performance requirements and environmental protection requirements for ground drilling fluid solid control and purification systems are getting higher and higher. There is an urgent need for a new type of high-efficiency, environmentally friendly, high-solid phase removal rate drilling fluid purification and drill cuttings while drilling system that can meet both the drilling fluid solid phase control requirements and the environmental protection requirements of drilling construction.

[0005] In the prior art, the main purification process of drilling fluid is: the solid-liquid mixture containing drill cuttings returned from the wellbore - vibrating screen - vacuum degasser - desander - desilter - medium-speed centrifuge - high-speed centrifuge - weighted mixing circulation tank, and then pumped into the wellbore through the drilling pump, repeated circulation, and the solid phases such as drill cuttings separated by the solid control equipment during the purification process of drilling fluid, as well as the waste mud generated during the drilling process, and the cement slurry returned from the wellbore during the cementing and replacement process are all discharged into the mud pool. The main shortcomings of this purification process are: ① As a vibrating screen for the first-level full-flow purification treatment, the number of vibrating screen screens is small, the mesh number of the screen is not high, the processing capacity is insufficient, the solid phase separation accuracy is low, the screen is easy to clog, and it is difficult to adapt to the purification of solid-liquid mixtures generated by the construction of various types of drilling fluid systems. There are "screen paste" and "mud leakage" situations. The water content of the treated solid phases such as drill cuttings is high, which is difficult to meet the requirements of vehicle transportation. ② The desander and desilter use the cyclone separation principle, which is greatly affected by the density, viscosity, solid content, flow rate, etc. of the treated medium. The cyclone desander with a nominal diameter of 200-300mm can only achieve the screening effect of 80-120 mesh screens, and the cyclone desilter with a nominal diameter of 120-125mm can only achieve the screening effect of 100-200 mesh screens. The sand pump that supplies fluid to the desander and desilter adopts a centrifugal pump type. The pressure applied to the drilling fluid and the friction inside the cyclone cause the cuttings to be finer, making it more difficult to remove. The sand pump has high energy consumption, and the seal of the sand pump shaft is easily damaged, resulting in leakage of drilling fluid and environmental pollution. In addition, the equipment management and maintenance are inconvenient, and the water content of the separated bottom flow solid phase is higher than 85%. ③ Since the solid-liquid separation effect of the solid control equipment such as the vibrating screen, desander, and desilter before the centrifuge is not good and the separation accuracy is not high, mud with large particle size (greater than 20 microns) enters the centrifuge, affecting the purification effect of the centrifuge, and causing the centrifuge to be easily blocked during on-site use, and the on-site inspection and maintenance time is long. Due to the above-mentioned deficiencies, the life of the wearing parts in the solid control system is short and they need to be replaced frequently. There are more solid particles in the treated drilling fluid, especially the fine solid content is high. The life of the wearing parts of the drilling pump is short, the drilling fluid density is increased, and the drilling speed is reduced, which not only increases the drilling cost, but also greatly affects the continuous and smooth progress of the drilling construction; the presence of a large number of fine solid particles in the drilling fluid solid control and circulation system increases the amount of drill bits used in the well, aggravates the wear of the drill tools, and causes great erosion damage to advanced instruments in the well; the friction coefficient of the filter cake increases, it is easy to adhere to the drill and get stuck, the permeability of the filter cake is enhanced, the filtration loss increases, and the well wall is easy to collapse; the filter cake is thick and loose, which is easy to cause resistance and jamming when drilling, the success rate of electric measurement is low, and the cementing quality is poor; the water content and oil content of the solid phase such as the cuttings treated by the system are high.

[0006] The above-mentioned related technologies perform preliminary solid-liquid separation on the solid-liquid mixture returned from the wellbore. The solid-liquid separation ability of the supporting solid control equipment is weak, and the solid phase removal efficiency is low. In particular, a large number of fine harmful solid phases cannot be effectively separated from the drilling fluid circulation system. When the drilling pump displacement is relatively large during drilling in the upper formation, it is easy to cause screen sticking and slurry leakage. The drill cuttings discharged after solid-liquid separation by solid control equipment such as vibrating screens, desanders, desilters, and centrifuges cannot meet the drill cuttings transportation requirements in terms of water content. It is necessary to connect another set of vibrating screens in series or independently install a set of mud non-ground treatment system outside the solid control system used by the well team, which is operated and managed by a third party. The integration of drilling fluid solid phase control and drilling cuttings treatment has not been achieved, resulting in a large and complex drilling fluid solid phase control and non-ground treatment system, with problems such as large footprint, multiple equipment configurations, high labor intensity, large number of personnel required, high manufacturing cost, and high system energy consumption, as well as low environmental protection, technical and economic benefits.

[0007] With the introduction and implementation of relevant environmental protection laws and regulations, the environmental protection requirements for oil drilling construction are getting higher and higher. At present, there is an urgent need for an environmentally friendly, drilling fluid purification and circulation and drilling cuttings treatment process and equipment without a large mud pool. With the increase in drilling technology and the difficulty and depth of exploration and development, the difficulty of drilling fluid purification is getting higher and higher. There is an urgent need for an integrated system of drilling fluid purification and solid phase control circulation with good solid control effect, high solid phase removal rate, long life of wearing parts and high system reliability. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a drilling fluid purification and drill cuttings processing device, which can solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems.

[0009] The present invention also proposes a drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing process, which can solve at least one of the above problems.

[0010] According to the present invention, a drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device is provided, comprising:

[0011] Vibration and degassing separation unit;

[0012] A sand removal and centrifugal separation unit is arranged downstream of the vibration and degassing separation unit;

[0013] A high-speed centrifugal separation unit is arranged downstream of the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit;

[0014] A drilling fluid mixing unit, disposed downstream of the high-speed centrifugal separation unit;

[0015] A rapid sedimentation and filter press unit connected to the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit;

[0016] A drilling cuttings deep dehydration and loading unit connected to the vibration and degassing separation unit, the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit and the solid phase outlet of the rapid sedimentation and filter press unit;

[0017] The collecting and conveying unit is connected to the solid phase outlets of the vibration and degassing separation unit, the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit and the high-speed centrifugal separation unit, and the rapid sedimentation and filter press unit is connected to the solid phase outlet of the collecting and conveying unit;

[0018] The spare reserve unit is connected with the collecting and conveying unit.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the vibration and degassing separation unit comprises a vibrating screen, and the vibrating screen comprises a plurality of plate screens arranged in a stepped manner.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the vibrating screen comprises five plate screens arranged in a stepped manner, wherein the first three plate screens are arranged horizontally and the last two plate screens are inclined forward.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit comprises:

[0022] Sand removal machine;

[0023] The desander overflow diversion device is arranged downstream of the desander integrated machine and connected to the rapid sedimentation and filter press unit.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit further comprises a low-speed centrifuge and a medium-speed centrifuge sequentially arranged downstream of the sand removal integrated machine.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the high-speed centrifugal separation unit comprises a high-speed centrifuge, the processing capacity of the low-speed centrifuge is greater than that of the medium-speed centrifuge, and the processing capacity of the medium-speed centrifuge is greater than that of the high-speed centrifuge.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the rapid sedimentation and filter press unit comprises a plurality of rapid sedimentation devices connected in series, and the two rapid sedimentation devices located at both ends are connected to the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the rapid settling device comprises:

[0028] A solid-liquid separation sedimentation bin, the bottom of which is inclined;

[0029] A concentrated solid phase collecting chamber, which is arranged at a lower end of the bottom of the solid-liquid separation sedimentation chamber and is used to collect the solid phase;

[0030] A slurry pump, the slurry pump is arranged in the concentrated solid phase collection bin and is used to extract the solid phase in the concentrated solid phase collection bin;

[0031] A flushing pump is used to extract the clear liquid from the upper part of the solid-liquid separation sedimentation tank and pump it along the bottom inclined surface to the concentrated solid phase collection tank.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the rapid sedimentation and filtration unit further includes a filtration press device, and the outlet of the slurry pump is connected to the filtration press device, so that the slurry pump can pump the solid phase in the concentrated solid phase collection bin to the filtration press device.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the drill cuttings deep dehydration and loading unit comprises a screw conveyor and a deep dehydration device connected to each other, and the deep dehydration device is a vertical centrifugal dryer or a horizontal centrifugal dryer.

[0034] According to the present invention, a drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device process is also provided. Using the drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0035] Step S1: vibrating and filtering the drilling fluid and removing sand;

[0036] Step S2: performing sedimentation treatment on the liquid phase of the drilling fluid treated in step S1;

[0037] Step S3: discharging the drilling fluid treated in step S2 into the wellbore;

[0038] Step S4: the drilling fluid solid phase treated in step S1 is subjected to deep deliquoring treatment and transported to a drill cuttings transport vehicle; the drilling fluid solid phase treated in step S2 is subjected to filter pressing treatment and transported to a drill cuttings transport vehicle.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0040] Step S1: vibrating and filtering the drilling fluid and removing sand;

[0041] Step S2: performing low-speed centrifugation and medium-speed centrifugation on the liquid phase of the drilling fluid treated in step S1;

[0042] Step S3: discharging the drilling fluid treated in step S2 into the wellbore;

[0043] Step S4: performing deep deliquoring treatment on the solid phase of the drilling fluid treated in step S1 and step S2 and transporting the processed drilling fluid to a cuttings hauling vehicle.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0045] Step S1: vibrating and filtering the drilling fluid and removing sand;

[0046] Step S2: performing low-speed centrifugation and medium-speed centrifugation on the liquid phase of the drilling fluid treated in step S1;

[0047] Step S3: subjecting the drilling fluid treated in step S2 to high-speed centrifugation;

[0048] Step S4: discharging the liquid phase of the drilling fluid treated in step S3 into the wellbore, temporarily storing the solid phase of the drilling fluid treated in step S3, and directly transporting it to a designated location after the well is completed;

[0049] Step S5: performing demulsification and degelling treatment on the solid phase of the drilling fluid after the treatment in step S1 and step S2, and then performing filter pressing treatment;

[0050] Step S6: Reuse the liquid phase of the drilling fluid treated in step S3 for demulsification and degelling, and transport the solid phase of the drilling fluid treated in step S3 to a cuttings hauling vehicle.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the present application has at least the following advantages.

[0052] The present invention aims at the problems existing in the prior art, and provides a drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings treatment process and device, which can perform solid-liquid separation, solid phase control, cuttings concentration and dehydration, drilling and recovery of drilling fluid in the whole process and whole well section of drilling constructed with different types of drilling fluid systems, completely remove large mud pools, and realize the reduction of drilling waste while purifying drilling fluid and controlling solid phase. The present invention realizes the circulation of drilling fluid, solid phase control and the performance of drilling fluid to meet the requirements of drilling process, and the water content of the solid phase such as cuttings generated by water-based drilling fluid construction is less than 40% after solid-liquid separation and concentration and dehydration, and the oil content of the oil-based cuttings generated by oil-based drilling fluid construction is less than 3% after solid-liquid separation and concentration and dehydration, which meets the requirements of solid phase transportation and reduction of drilling waste. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] Figure 1 A schematic top view of an embodiment of a drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device according to the present invention is shown;

[0055] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a vibration and degassing separation unit according to the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of the vibrating screen and the plate screen according to the present invention is shown;

[0057] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a sand removal and centrifugal separation unit according to the present invention is shown;

[0058] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a high-speed centrifugal separation unit according to the present invention is shown;

[0059] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a drilling fluid mixing unit according to the present invention is shown;

[0060] Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of a backup reserve unit according to the present invention;

[0061] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a rapid sedimentation and filter press unit according to the present invention is shown;

[0062] Fig. 9 It shows a schematic structural diagram of a rapid sedimentation device according to the present invention;

[0063] Fig. 10A A schematic diagram showing a drill cuttings deep dehydration and charging unit according to the present invention is shown;

[0064] Fig. 10B A schematic side view of a drill cuttings deep dehydration and charging unit according to the present invention is shown;

[0065] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a collecting and conveying unit according to the present invention is shown.

[0066] Figure numerals: 1, vibration and degassing separation unit; 2, first connecting pipeline and valve; 3, sand removal and centrifugal separation unit; 4, second connecting pipeline and valve; 5, high-speed centrifugal separation unit; 6, third connecting pipeline and valve; 7, drilling fluid mixing unit; 8, fourth connecting pipeline and valve; 9, spare reserve unit; 10, fifth connecting pipeline and valve; 11, sixth connecting pipeline and valve; 12, rapid sedimentation and filter press unit; 13, drilling cuttings deep dehydration and loading unit; 14, seventh connecting pipeline and valve; 15, collection and transportation unit; 16, vibration separation bin; 17, vibrating screen; 18, agitator; 19, degassing separation bin; 20, degasser; 21, first plate Screen; 22, second plate screen; 23, third plate screen; 24, fourth plate screen; 25, fifth plate screen; 26, desanding separation chamber; 27, agitator; 28, gate valve; 29, seabed valve; 30, low-speed centrifugal separation chamber; 31, gate valve; 32, seabed valve; 33, medium-speed centrifugal separation chamber; 34, agitator; 35, medium-speed centrifuge; 36, agitator; 37, low-speed centrifuge; 38, agitator; 39, desanding overflow diversion device; 40, desanding integrated machine; 41, high-speed centrifugal separation chamber; 42, agitator; 43, gate valve; 44, seabed valve; 45, circulation transition chamber; 46, agitator; 47, agitator; 48, high-speed centrifuge ; 49, drilling pump suction chamber; 50, agitator; 51, plug valve; 52, seabed valve; 53, mixing chamber; 54, agitator; 55, mixing pump assembly; 56, No. 1 reserve tank; 57, slurry supply pump; 58, eighth connecting pipeline and valve; 59, No. 2 reserve tank; 60, slurry supply pump; 61, agitator; 62, agitator; 63, slurry supply pump; 64, ninth connecting pipeline and valve; 65, slurry supply pump; 66, agitator; 67, agitator; 68, first-stage rapid sedimentation device; 69, tenth connecting pipeline and valve; 70, second-stage rapid sedimentation device; 71, eleventh connecting pipeline and valve; 72, filter press device; 73, twelfth connecting pipeline and valve; 7 4. Concentrated solid phase collection bin; 75. Slurry pump; 76. Solid-liquid separation sedimentation bin; 77. Flushing pump; 78. Flushing pipeline; 79. Screw conveyor; 80. Deep deliquidation device; 81. Screw conveyor; 82. Cuttings hauling vehicle; 83. No. 1 collecting tank; 84. Screw conveyor; 85. Hose pump; 86. Thirteen connecting pipelines and valves; 87. Hose pump; 88. No. 2 collecting tank; 89. Screw conveyor; 90. Fourteen connecting pipelines and valves; 91. Hose pump; 92. No. 3 collecting tank; 93. Agitator; 94. Agitator; 95. Agitator; 96. Agitator; 97. Agitator; 98. Agitator; 100. Drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device.

[0067] In the present application, all drawings are schematic drawings, which are only used to illustrate the principles of the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0069] It should be noted that, in the present application, the direction of the drilling fluid according to the present invention is described as "upstream", "front end" or similar terms, and the destination of the drilling fluid is described as "downstream", "rear end" or similar terms.

[0070] Figure 1 The structure of the drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device 100 according to the present invention is shown. Figure 1 As shown, the drilling fluid purification and drill cuttings processing device 100 includes a vibration and degassing separation unit 1, a sand removal and centrifugal separation unit 3, a high-speed centrifugal separation unit 5, a drilling fluid mixing unit 7, a rapid sedimentation and filter press unit 12, a drill cuttings deep dehydration and loading unit 13, a collection and transportation unit 15 and a spare reserve unit 9.

[0071] Embodiment 1:

[0072] Among them, the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit 3 is arranged downstream of the vibration and degassing separation unit 1. The high-speed centrifugal separation unit 5 is arranged downstream of the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit 3. The drilling fluid mixing unit 7 is arranged downstream of the high-speed centrifugal separation unit 5. The rapid sedimentation and filter press unit 12 is connected to the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit 3. The drill cuttings deep dehydration and loading unit 13 is connected to the solid phase outlets of the vibration and degassing separation unit 1, the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit 3 and the rapid sedimentation and filter press unit 12. The collecting and conveying unit 15 is connected to the solid phase outlets of the vibration and degassing separation unit 1, the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit 3 and the high-speed centrifugal separation unit 5, and the rapid sedimentation and filter press unit 12 is connected to the solid phase outlet of the collecting and conveying unit 15. The spare reserve unit 9 is connected to the collecting and conveying unit 15.

[0073] In a specific embodiment, the vibration and degassing separation unit 1 is connected to the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit 3 through a first connecting pipe and a valve 2, the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit 3 is connected to the high-speed centrifugal separation unit 5 through a second connecting pipe and a valve 4, the high-speed centrifugal separation unit 5 is connected to the drilling fluid mixing unit 7 through a third connecting pipe and a valve 6, the high-speed centrifugal separation unit 5 is connected to the spare reserve unit 9 through a fourth connecting pipe and a valve 8, the two ends of the rapid sedimentation and filter press unit 12 are connected to the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit 3 through a fifth connecting pipe and a valve 10 and a seventh connecting pipe and a valve 14 respectively, and the rapid sedimentation and filter press unit 12 is connected to the spare reserve unit 9 through a sixth connecting pipe and a valve 11.

[0074] In this embodiment, if Figure 2As shown, the vibration and degassing separation unit 1 includes a vibration separation bin 16, a vibration screen 17, an agitator 18, a degassing separation bin 19 and a degassing device 20. Among them, the vibration screen 17 is installed on the upper surface of the vibration separation bin 16 tank, the agitator 18 and the degassing separation bin 20 are installed on the upper surface of the degassing separation bin 19 tank, and the agitator 18 is located upstream of the degassing separation bin 20. The vibration separation bin 16 and the degassing separation bin 19 form a tank body, and the vibration separation bin 16 is located upstream of the degassing separation bin 19.

[0075] The vibrating screen 17 includes a plurality of plate screens arranged in a stepped manner. Figure 3 As shown, the vibrating screen 17 of this embodiment is composed of three five-mesh vibrating screens installed in parallel on a common base, each of which uses five plate screens arranged in a stepped manner, including the first plate screen 21, the second plate screen 22, the third plate screen 23, the fourth plate screen 24, and the fifth plate screen 25 from the liquid flow inlet, wherein the first three plate screens, namely the first plate screen 21, the second plate screen 22 and the third plate screen 23, are horizontally arranged, and the last two plate screens are inclined forward, that is, the front ends of the fourth plate screen 24 and the fifth plate screen 25 are lower than the rear ends.

[0076] In a specific embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit 3 includes a sand removal separation chamber 26, an agitator 27, a gate valve 28, a seabed valve 29, a low-speed centrifugal separation chamber 30, a gate valve 31, a seabed valve 32, a medium-speed centrifugal separation chamber 33, an agitator 34, a medium-speed centrifuge 35, an agitator 36, a low-speed centrifuge 37, an agitator 38, a desander overflow diversion device 39 and a sand removal integrated machine 40.

[0077] The sand removal separation chamber 26, the low-speed centrifugal separation chamber 30 and the medium-speed centrifugal separation chamber 33 are connected in sequence from upstream to downstream to form a large tank. The sand removal separation chamber 26 is connected to the low-speed centrifugal separation chamber 30 through a gate valve 28 and a seabed valve 29, and the low-speed centrifugal separation chamber 30 is connected to the medium-speed centrifugal separation chamber 33 through a gate valve 31 and a seabed valve 32.

[0078] The sand removal integrated machine 40 and the sand removal overflow diversion device 39 are installed on the upper surface of the sand removal separation chamber 26, the low-speed centrifuge 37 is installed on the low-speed centrifugal separation chamber 30, and the medium-speed centrifuge 35 is installed on the medium-speed centrifugal separation chamber 33.

[0079] In a specific embodiment, the integrated sand removal machine 40 includes a cyclone desander (not shown in the figure), and the overflow liquid phase after separation by the cyclone desander all enters the desander overflow diversion device 39. The lower part of the cyclone desander is a vibrating deliquidation and drying vibrating screen (not shown in the figure) equipped with three plate screens, which further deliquidates and dries the bottom flow solid phase separated by the cyclone desander, and the liquid phase separated by the vibrating deliquidation and drying vibrating screen returns to the desander separation bin 26.

[0080] The agitator 27 is arranged in the sand removal separation chamber 26. The agitator 38 and the agitator 36 are arranged on the low-speed centrifugal separation chamber 30, and the agitator 38 is located upstream of the low-speed centrifuge 37, and the agitator 36 is located downstream of the low-speed centrifuge 37. The agitator 34 is arranged on the medium-speed centrifugal separation chamber 33.

[0081] In a specific embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the high-speed centrifugal separation unit 5 includes a high-speed centrifugal separation chamber 41, an agitator 42, a gate valve 43, a seabed valve 44, a circulation transition chamber 45, an agitator 46, an agitator 47, and a high-speed centrifuge 48.

[0082] The high-speed centrifugal separation chamber 41 and the circulation transition chamber 45 form a large tank body, and the high-speed centrifugal separation chamber 41 and the circulation transition chamber 45 are connected through a gate valve 43 and a seabed valve 44 .

[0083] The high-speed centrifuge 48 and the stirrer 42 are both installed on the tank surface of the high-speed centrifugal separation chamber 41. The stirrer 46 and the stirrer 47 are both installed on the tank surface of the circulation transition chamber 45.

[0084] In a preferred embodiment, the processing capacity of the low-speed centrifuge 37 is greater than that of the medium-speed centrifuge 35, and the processing capacity of the medium-speed centrifuge 35 is greater than that of the high-speed centrifuge 48. The drum speed of the low-speed centrifuge 37 is 800-1000r / min, and the processing capacity is ≥120m 3 / h. The drum speed of the medium-speed centrifuge 35 is 1500~2000r / min, and the processing capacity is ≥80m 3 / h. The drum speed of high-speed centrifuge 48 is 2600~3000r / min, and the processing capacity is ≥60m 3 / h.

[0085] In this embodiment, if Figure 6 As shown, the drilling fluid mixing unit 7 includes a drilling pump suction chamber 49 , an agitator 50 , a gate valve 51 , a seabed valve 52 , a mixing chamber 53 , an agitator 54 and a mixing pump assembly 55 .

[0086] The drilling pump suction chamber 49 and the mixing chamber 53 are connected to each other to form a large tank. The drilling pump suction chamber 49 and the mixing chamber 53 are connected via a gate valve 51 and a seabed valve 52.

[0087] The agitator 50 is arranged on the drilling pump suction chamber 49 , and the agitator 54 and the mixing pump group assembly 55 are arranged on the mixing chamber 53 .

[0088] The mixing chamber 53 can increase the density of the drilling fluid and add a treatment agent for mixing and stirring to meet the needs of adjusting the performance parameters of the drilling fluid in different formations, different drilling stages, and different drilling processes.

[0089] In this embodiment, if Figure 7 As shown, the spare reserve unit 9 includes a No. 1 reserve tank 56, a slurry supply pump 57, an eighth connecting pipeline and valve 58, a No. 2 reserve tank 59, a slurry supply pump 60, an agitator 61, an agitator 62, a slurry supply pump 63, a ninth connecting pipeline and valve 64, a slurry supply pump 65, an agitator 66, and an agitator 67.

[0090] Among them, the No. 1 reserve tank 56 is connected to the rapid sedimentation and filter press unit 12 through the sixth connecting pipeline and valve 11, and the two ends of the No. 1 reserve tank 56 are connected to the two ends of the No. 2 reserve tank 59 through the eighth connecting pipeline and valve 58 and the ninth connecting pipeline and valve 64, and the No. 2 reserve tank 59 is connected to the circulation transition chamber 45 through the fourth connecting pipeline and valve 8. The slurry supply pump 65, the agitator 66, the agitator 67 and the slurry supply pump 57 are installed on the No. 1 reserve tank 56 in sequence. The slurry supply pump 63, the agitator 62, the agitator 61 and the slurry supply pump 60 are installed on the No. 2 reserve tank 59 in sequence.

[0091] In this embodiment, if Figure 8 As shown, the rapid sedimentation and filter press unit 12 includes a primary rapid sedimentation device 68, a tenth connecting pipeline and valve 69, a secondary rapid sedimentation device 70, an eleventh connecting pipeline and valve 71, a filter press device 72 and a twelfth connecting pipeline and valve 73.

[0092] The first-stage rapid settling device 68 is connected to the desander overflow diversion device 39 through the seventh connecting pipeline and valve 14, and the second-stage rapid settling device 70 is connected to the low-speed centrifugal separation chamber 30 through the fifth connecting pipeline and valve 10. Both ends of the first-stage rapid settling device 68 are connected to the second-stage rapid settling device 70 through the tenth connecting pipeline and valve 69 and the twelfth connecting pipeline and valve 73, respectively.

[0093] like Fig. 9 As shown, the first-stage rapid sedimentation device 68 and the second-stage rapid sedimentation device 70 have the same structure, including a solid-liquid separation sedimentation chamber 76 , a concentrated solid phase collection chamber 74 , a slurry pump 75 , a flushing pump 77 and a flushing pipeline 78 .

[0094] The bottom of the solid-liquid separation sedimentation bin 76 is inclined. The concentrated solid phase collection bin 74 is arranged at the lower end of the bottom of the solid-liquid separation sedimentation bin 76 for collecting the solid phase. The slurry pump 75 is arranged in the concentrated solid phase collection bin 74 for extracting the solid phase in the concentrated solid phase collection bin 74. The flushing pump 77 extracts the clear liquid from the upper part of the solid-liquid separation sedimentation bin 76 and pumps it to the concentrated solid phase collection bin 74 along the inclined surface of the bottom of the solid-liquid separation sedimentation bin 76 through the flushing pipeline 78, so that the solid phase is deposited in the concentrated solid phase collection bin 74.

[0095] The outlet of the slurry pump 75 is connected to the filter press device 72 , so that the slurry pump 75 can pump the solid phase in the concentrated solid phase collection bin 74 to the filter press device 72 .

[0096] In a preferred embodiment, the solid-liquid separation sedimentation bin 76 and the concentrated solid phase collection bin 74 form an integral tank body. The solid-liquid separation sedimentation bin 76 is evenly divided into two bin flow channels along the length direction. There is a partition between the two bins. The bottom is arc-shaped and has a certain slope along the length direction. The flushing pump 77 draws the upper clear liquid through the bottom inclined flushing pipeline 78, and flushes the concentrated solid phase settled at the bottom of the solid-liquid separation sedimentation bin 76 to the concentrated solid phase collection bin 74. The slurry pump 75 installed in the concentrated solid phase collection bin 74 draws the concentrated solid phase to the filter press 72 for direct deep concentration and dehydration filtration. After the filtration, the drill cuttings and other solid phases are transported to the drill cuttings hauling vehicle 82 through the screw conveyor 81. The clean water after the filtration is all returned to the secondary rapid sedimentation device 70 for recycling.

[0097] In this embodiment, the flushing pump 77 is a vertical centrifugal slurry supply pump, and two flushing pumps 77 are installed at the liquid outlets of the first-stage rapid sedimentation device 68 and the second-stage rapid sedimentation device 70, respectively.

[0098] In this embodiment, the filter press device 72 is any one of a plate and frame filter press, a belt filter press or a vacuum filtration continuous filter press, which is installed on the upper surface of the first-level rapid sedimentation device 68 and the second-level rapid sedimentation device 70 tank. The solid phase after filtration is directly discharged into the screw conveyor 81 and transported to the drill cuttings hauling vehicle 82.

[0099] In this embodiment, if Fig.11 As shown, the collecting and conveying unit 15 includes a No. 1 collecting tank 83, a screw conveyor 84, a hose pump 85, a thirteenth connecting pipeline and valve 86, a hose pump 87, a No. 2 collecting tank 88, a screw conveyor 89, a fourteenth connecting pipeline and valve 90, a hose pump 91, a No. 3 collecting tank 92, an agitator 93, an agitator 94, an agitator 95, an agitator 96, an agitator 97 and an agitator 98.

[0100] The No. 1 collecting tank 83 and the No. 2 collecting tank 88 are connected via thirteen connecting pipes and a valve 86 , and the No. 2 collecting tank 88 and the No. 3 collecting tank 92 are connected via fourteen connecting pipes and a valve 90 .

[0101] The first collecting tank 83 is equipped with a screw conveyor 84, a hose pump 85, a stirrer 93, and a stirrer 94. The second collecting tank 88 is equipped with a hose pump 87, a screw conveyor 89, a stirrer 95, and a stirrer 96. The third collecting tank 92 is equipped with a hose pump 91, a stirrer 97, and a stirrer 98.

[0102] The screw conveyor 84 on the No. 1 collecting tank 83 is used to collect the solid phase separated by the vibrating screen 17, and the screw conveyor 89 on the No. 2 collecting tank 88 is used to collect and convey the solid phase separated by the sand removal integrated machine 40, the low-speed centrifuge 37 and the medium-speed centrifuge 35.

[0103] During the operation, when any screw conveyor fails and stops, the No. 1 collecting tank 83, the No. 2 collecting tank 88 and the No. 3 collecting tank 92 can temporarily store the drill cuttings and other solid phases separated by the triple five-net vibrating screen 17, the sand removal machine 40, the low-speed centrifuge 37, the medium-speed centrifuge 35 and the high-speed centrifuge 48.

[0104] The No. 1 collecting tank 83, the No. 2 collecting tank 88, the No. 3 collecting tank 92, the first-level rapid settling device 68, and the second-level rapid settling device 70 can store drilling fluid or other liquid phases in an emergency, increase the redundancy of the system, and improve the emergency reserve capacity of the system.

[0105] In a specific embodiment, Fig. 10A and Fig. 10B As shown, the drill cuttings deep dehydration and loading unit 13 includes a screw conveyor 79 , a deep dehydration device 80 , a screw conveyor 81 , and a drill cuttings hauling vehicle 82 .

[0106] The drill cuttings separated by the vibrating screen 17, the sand removal machine 40, the low-speed centrifuge 37 and the medium-speed centrifuge 35 are conveyed by the screw conveyor 79, further deliquated by the deep dehydration device 80, and then conveyed to the drill cuttings hauling vehicle 82 by the screw conveyor 81 and transported to the designated location.

[0107] Different drilling fluid systems are used according to different formations encountered and different drilling stages. The above-mentioned solid-liquid separation equipment and concentration and dehydration devices are used in an optimized combination to form different drilling fluid purification cycles and drill cuttings treatment processes to achieve drilling fluid solid phase control and drilling fluid performance that meets drilling process requirements. At the same time, the water content of the drill cuttings and other solid phases generated by water-based drilling fluid construction is lower than 40% after solid-liquid separation and concentration and dehydration, and the oil content of the oil-based drill cuttings generated by oil-based drilling fluid construction is less than 3% after solid-liquid separation and concentration and dehydration, thereby meeting the requirements for solid phase transportation and drilling waste reduction.

[0108] In a preferred embodiment, the deep dehydration device 80 is a vertical centrifugal dryer or a horizontal centrifugal dryer, which can be started or shut down according to the type of drilling fluid system used in the drilling process and the liquid content of the drill cuttings.

[0109] It should be noted that each agitator in this embodiment can be adjusted in height and started or stopped according to process requirements.

[0110] Embodiment 2:

[0111] According to the present invention, a drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device process is provided, and the drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device 100 provided by the present invention includes the following steps: step S1: vibrating and filtering the drilling fluid and removing sand; step S2: sedimentation treatment of the drilling fluid liquid phase treated in step S1; step S3: discharging the drilling fluid liquid phase treated in step S2 into the wellbore; step S4: deep deliquoring the drilling fluid solid phase treated in step S1 and conveying it to a cuttings hauling vehicle, and the drilling fluid solid phase treated in step S2 is subjected to filter press treatment and conveyed to a cuttings hauling vehicle.

[0112] Specifically, the drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device process provided in this embodiment is suitable for the process of rapid drilling with clear water in the upper formation.

[0113] During the drilling process, the drill cuttings and their solid-liquid mixture returned from the wellbore are subjected to preliminary solid-liquid separation through the vibrating screen 17 and the sand removal integrated machine 40, i.e., the vibration filtration and sand removal treatment in step S1. After separation, the liquid phase enters the primary rapid sedimentation device 68 and the secondary rapid sedimentation device 70 through the desander overflow diversion device 39 for further natural sedimentation solid-liquid separation, i.e., the sedimentation treatment in step S2. After separation, the clean water directly enters the low-speed centrifugal separation chamber 30 through the pipeline, and then naturally flows into the medium-speed centrifugal separation chamber 33 through the gate valve 31 and the seabed valve 32, and flows into the high-speed centrifugal separation chamber 41 and the circulation transition chamber 45 through the second connecting pipeline and valve 4, and finally flows into the drilling pump suction chamber 49, and then is pumped into the wellbore by the drilling pump for recycling again. In this embodiment, there is no need to start the low-speed centrifuge 37, the medium-speed centrifuge 35, the high-speed centrifuge 48, the vibrating screen 17, and the sand removal integrated machine 40. The drill cuttings and other solid phases after separation are then transported to the deep dehydration device 80 through the screw conveyor 84 and the screw conveyor 89 for further deep dehydration. After concentration and dehydration, the drill cuttings and other solid phases are transported to the drill cuttings hauling vehicle 82 through the screw conveyor 81. The concentrated solid phase after separation by the primary rapid sedimentation device 68 and the secondary rapid sedimentation device 70 is directly concentrated and dehydrated through the filter press device 72 and then transported to the drill cuttings hauling vehicle 82 through the screw conveyor 81.

[0114] Embodiment three:

[0115] According to the present invention, a drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device process is provided, and the drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device 100 provided by the present invention includes the following steps: step S1: vibrating and filtering the drilling fluid and removing sand; step S2: performing low-speed centrifugation and medium-speed centrifugation on the drilling fluid liquid phase treated in step S1; step S3: discharging the drilling fluid liquid phase treated in step S2 into the wellbore; step S4: performing deep deliquidation treatment on the drilling fluid solid phase treated in steps S1 and S2 and transporting it to a cuttings hauling vehicle.

[0116] Specifically, the drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device process provided in this embodiment is suitable for polymer drilling fluid systems in upper formations or lower formations where solid-liquid separation is difficult.

[0117] During drilling, the drill cuttings and their solid-liquid mixture returned from the wellbore are initially separated into solid and liquid through the vibrating screen 17 and the sand removal integrated machine 40. After separation, the liquid phase enters the low-speed centrifugal separation chamber 30 through the sand removal overflow diversion device 39, and then passes through the low-speed centrifuge 37 and the medium-speed centrifuge 35 for further solid-liquid separation and circulation purification. After separation, the liquid phase directly enters the high-speed centrifugal separation chamber 41 and the circulation transition chamber 45, and finally enters the drilling pump suction chamber 49, and then is pumped into the wellbore by the drilling pump for recycling again. In this embodiment, there is no need to start the high-speed centrifuge 48 and the filter press 72. The drill cuttings and other solid phases after separation are then transported to the deep dehydration device 80 through the screw conveyor 84 and the screw conveyor 89 for further deep dehydration. After concentrated dehydration, the drill cuttings and other solid phases are transported to the drill cuttings hauling vehicle 82 through the screw conveyor 81.

[0118] Embodiment 4:

[0119] According to the present invention, a drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device process is provided, and the drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device 100 provided by the present invention includes the following steps: step S1: vibrating and filtering the drilling fluid and removing sand; step S2: performing low-speed centrifugation and medium-speed centrifugation on the drilling fluid liquid phase treated in step S1; step S3: performing high-speed centrifugation on the drilling fluid liquid phase treated in step S2; step S4: discharging the drilling fluid liquid phase treated in step S3 into the wellbore, temporarily storing the drilling fluid solid phase treated in step S3, and directly transporting it to a designated location after the well is completed; step S5: performing demulsification and degelling treatment on the drilling fluid solid phase treated in step S1 and step S2, and then performing filter pressing treatment; step S6: reusing the drilling fluid liquid phase treated in step S3 for demulsification and degelling treatment, and transporting the drilling fluid solid phase treated in step S3 to a cuttings transport vehicle.

[0120] Specifically, the drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings treatment device process provided in this embodiment is suitable for the polymer sulfonated drilling fluid system in the lower formation where solid-liquid separation is more difficult. During drilling, the drill cuttings and their solid-liquid mixture returned from the wellbore are subjected to preliminary solid-liquid separation through the vibrating screen 17 and the sand removal integrated machine 40. After separation, the liquid phase passes through the desander overflow diversion device 39 and enters the low-speed centrifugal separation chamber 30. Then, it passes through the low-speed centrifuge 37, the medium-speed centrifuge 35, and the high-speed centrifuge 48 for further solid-liquid separation and circulation purification. After separation, the liquid phase directly enters the circulation transition chamber 45 and the drilling pump suction chamber 49, and then is pumped into the wellbore by the drilling pump for recycling again. The vibrating screen 17, the sand removal integrated machine 40, the low-speed centrifuge 37, the medium-speed centrifuge 48 are used to separate the solid and liquid. The drill cuttings and other solid phases separated by the centrifuge 35 enter the No. 1 collecting tank 83 and the No. 2 collecting tank 88 for demulsification and degelling treatment respectively, and are then pumped into the filter press 72 by hose pumps 85 and 87 for pressure filtration, concentration and liquid removal. The drill cuttings and other solid phases after pressure filtration are transported to the drill cuttings transport vehicle 82 by the screw conveyor 81. The liquid phase after pressure filtration enters the No. 1 collecting tank 83 and the No. 2 collecting tank 88 for demulsification and degelling and repeated recycling. The solid phase with a low liquid content separated by the high-speed centrifuge 48 directly enters the No. 3 collecting tank 92 for temporary storage and is directly transported to the designated location after the well is completed.

[0121] Embodiment five:

[0122] According to the present invention, a drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device process is provided, using the drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device 100 provided by the present invention. This embodiment is suitable for the lower formation using an oil-based drilling fluid system. During drilling, the oil-containing drill cuttings and their solid-liquid mixture returned from the wellbore are subjected to preliminary solid-liquid separation through the vibrating screen 17 and the desander integrated machine 40. After separation, the liquid phase enters the low-speed centrifugal separation chamber 30 through the desander overflow diversion device 39, and then passes through the low-speed centrifuge 37, the medium-speed centrifuge 35, and the high-speed centrifuge 48 for further solid-liquid separation and circulation purification. After separation, the liquid phase directly enters the circulation transition chamber 45 to the drilling pump suction chamber 49, and then is pumped into the wellbore by the drilling pump for recycling again, without opening the first-level rapid sedimentation device 68, the second-level rapid sedimentation device 70 and the filter press device 72. The oil-containing drill cuttings, etc. after separation by the vibrating screen 17, the desander integrated machine 40, the low-speed centrifuge 37, and the medium-speed centrifuge 35 are transported to the deep deliquidation device 80 through the screw conveyor 84 and the screw conveyor 89 for further deep concentration and deoiling. After concentration and deoiling, the solid phases such as the drill cuttings are transported to the drill cuttings hauling vehicle 82 through the screw conveyor 81 and transported to the designated location.

[0123] Embodiment six:

[0124] According to the present invention, a drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device process is provided, and a drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device 100 provided by the present invention is used. This embodiment is suitable for implementing special processes of cementing or completion operations during drilling. The cement slurry returned from the bottom of the well does not pass through any solid-liquid separation equipment and screw conveyor, and is directly discharged into the No. 1 collection tank 83. After reaching a certain liquid level, it flows to the No. 2 collection tank 88 and the No. 3 collection tank 92 in sequence through the thirteenth connecting pipeline and valve 86. When the cementing or completion operation is completed, the hose pumps 85, 87, and 91 on the tank surface of the No. 1 collection tank 83, the No. 2 collection tank 88, and the No. 3 collection tank 92 are used to extract the clear liquid to the spare reserve unit 9 to keep the liquid volume during drilling for backup. After solidification, the cement and other solid phases deposited at the bottom of the No. 1 collection tank 83, the No. 2 collection tank 88, and the No. 3 collection tank 92 are directly cleaned to the cuttings hauling vehicle, and transported to the designated location for resource utilization.

[0125] Embodiment seven:

[0126] After the drilling is completed, the waste mud stored in each tank that needs to be discharged is separated from the solid and liquid and purified by the medium-speed centrifuge 35 and the high-speed centrifuge 48, and then all the useful drilling fluid is recovered and transported to the adjacent well or the next new well or the drilling fluid recovery station for repeated recycling. The solid phase separated by the medium-speed centrifuge 35 and the high-speed centrifuge 48 and the solid phase generated during the cleaning operation of each tank are all collected in the No. 1 collection tank 83, the No. 2 collection tank 88, and the No. 3 collection tank 92, and then after stirring, mixing, demulsification, and degelling treatment, they are pumped into the filter press device 72 by the hose pump 85, the hose pump 87, and the hose pump 91 for pressure filtration, concentration and liquid removal. The solid phase such as the drill cuttings after the pressure filtration is transported to the drill cuttings hauling vehicle 82 by the screw conveyor 81, and the liquid phase after the pressure filtration is completely recovered and recycled.

[0127] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0128] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0129] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0130] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation to the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for a person skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device, characterized in that: include: Vibration and degassing separation unit (1); A sand removal and centrifugal separation unit (3) is arranged downstream of the vibration and degassing separation unit (1); A high-speed centrifugal separation unit (5) is arranged downstream of the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit (3); A drilling fluid mixing unit (7) is arranged downstream of the high-speed centrifugal separation unit (5); A rapid sedimentation and filter press unit (12) connected to the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit (3); A drilling cuttings deep dehydration and loading unit (13) connected to the solid phase outlets of the vibration and degassing separation unit (1), the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit (3) and the rapid sedimentation and filter press unit (12); The collecting and conveying unit (15) is connected to the solid phase outlets of the vibration and degassing separation unit (1), the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit (3) and the high-speed centrifugal separation unit (5); and the rapid sedimentation and filter press unit (12) is connected to the solid phase outlet of the collecting and conveying unit (15); The spare reserve unit (9) is connected to the collecting and conveying unit (15).

2. The drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration and degassing separation unit (1) comprises a vibrating screen (17), wherein the vibrating screen (17) comprises a plurality of plate screens arranged in a stepped manner.

3. The drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vibrating screen (17) comprises five plate screens arranged in a stepped manner, wherein the first three plate screens are arranged horizontally and the last two plate screens are inclined forward.

4. The drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sand removal and centrifugal separation unit (3) comprises: Sand removal integrated machine (40); The desander overflow diversion device (39) is arranged downstream of the desander integrated machine (40) and is connected to the rapid sedimentation and filter pressing unit (12).

5. The drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sand removal and centrifugal separation unit (3) further comprises a low-speed centrifuge (37) and a medium-speed centrifuge (35) which are sequentially arranged downstream of the sand removal integrated machine (40).

6. The drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The high-speed centrifugal separation unit (5) comprises a high-speed centrifuge (48), the processing capacity of the low-speed centrifuge (37) is greater than the processing capacity of the medium-speed centrifuge (35), and the processing capacity of the medium-speed centrifuge (35) is greater than the processing capacity of the high-speed centrifuge (48).

7. The drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rapid sedimentation and filter press unit (12) comprises a plurality of rapid sedimentation devices connected in series, and the two rapid sedimentation devices located at both ends are connected to the sand removal and centrifugal separation unit (3).

8. The drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rapid sedimentation device comprises: A solid-liquid separation sedimentation bin (76), wherein the bottom of the solid-liquid separation sedimentation bin (76) is inclined; A concentrated solid phase collecting chamber (74), the concentrated solid phase collecting chamber (74) being arranged at a lower end of the bottom of the solid-liquid separation sedimentation chamber (76) and being used for collecting the solid phase; a slurry pump (75), the slurry pump (75) being arranged in the concentrated solid phase collecting bin (74) and being used for extracting the solid phase in the concentrated solid phase collecting bin (74); A flushing pump (77), wherein the flushing pump (77) extracts the clear liquid from the upper portion of the solid-liquid separation sedimentation chamber (76) and pumps the clear liquid along the bottom inclined surface to the concentrated solid phase collection chamber (74).

9. The drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rapid sedimentation and filter press unit (12) further comprises a filter press device (72), and the outlet of the slurry pump (75) is connected to the filter press device (72), so that the slurry pump (75) can pump the solid phase in the concentrated solid phase collection bin (74) to the filter press device (72).

10. The drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill cuttings deep dehydration and loading unit (13) comprises a screw conveyor and a deep dehydration device (80) which are connected to each other. The deep dehydration device (80) is a vertical centrifugal dryer or a horizontal centrifugal dryer.

11. A drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device process, characterized in that: The drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device according to any one of claims 1 to 10 comprises the following steps: Step S1: vibrating and filtering the drilling fluid and removing sand; Step S2: performing sedimentation treatment on the liquid phase of the drilling fluid treated in step S1; Step S3: discharging the drilling fluid treated in step S2 into the wellbore; Step S4: the drilling fluid solid phase treated in step S1 is subjected to deep deliquoring treatment and transported to a drill cuttings transport vehicle; the drilling fluid solid phase treated in step S2 is subjected to filter pressing treatment and transported to a drill cuttings transport vehicle.

12. A drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device process, characterized in that: The drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device according to any one of claims 1 to 10 comprises the following steps: Step S1: vibrating and filtering the drilling fluid and removing sand; Step S2: performing low-speed centrifugation and medium-speed centrifugation on the liquid phase of the drilling fluid treated in step S1; Step S3: discharging the drilling fluid treated in step S2 into the wellbore; Step S4: performing deep deliquoring treatment on the solid phase of the drilling fluid treated in step S1 and step S2 and transporting the processed drilling fluid to a cuttings hauling vehicle.

13. A drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device process, characterized in that: The drilling fluid purification and drilling cuttings processing device according to any one of claims 1 to 10 comprises the following steps: Step S1: vibrating and filtering the drilling fluid and removing sand; Step S2: performing low-speed centrifugation and medium-speed centrifugation on the liquid phase of the drilling fluid treated in step S1; Step S3: subjecting the drilling fluid treated in step S2 to high-speed centrifugation; Step S4: discharging the liquid phase of the drilling fluid treated in step S3 into the wellbore, temporarily storing the solid phase of the drilling fluid treated in step S3, and directly transporting it to a designated location after the well is completed; Step S5: performing demulsification and degelling treatment on the solid phase of the drilling fluid after the treatment in step S1 and step S2, and then performing filter pressing treatment; Step S6: Reuse the liquid phase of the drilling fluid treated in step S3 for demulsification and degelling, and transport the solid phase of the drilling fluid treated in step S3 to a cuttings hauling vehicle.

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