Sandy gravel stratum hole-forming hole explorer and hole exploring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a sandy gravel stratum pore-forming hole explorer and a hole exploring method. The hole explorer comprises a rod-shaped hole explorer inner core pipe. At least two supporting pieces are arranged in the circumferential direction of the hole explorer inner core pipe, and the supporting pieces are arranged around the hole explorer inner core pipe to form a circular outer supporting cylinder. The hole explorer inner core pipe and the supporting piece are connected through an adjusting mechanism which can drive the supporting piece to move in the radial direction of the hole explorer inner core pipe so as to adjust the diameter of the outer supporting barrel. Four range finders are arranged in the circumferential direction of the hole explorer inner core pipe at equal angles, and the range finders measure the distance in the radial direction of the hole explorer inner core pipe; and an imaging probe and a vertical sediment probe are fixed at the lower end of the hole explorer inner core tube. According to the sandy gravel stratum pore-forming hole explorer, the structural flexibility and functional characteristics can meet the detection requirements of pore-forming of different pore diameters, quantitative detection can be achieved in the implementation of a hole exploring method, various detection operations can be completed through one-time hole exploring, the effect of reducing cost and increasing efficiency is achieved, and the sandy gravel stratum pore-forming hole explorer is particularly suitable for the environment of sandy gravel strata.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of borehole finders, in particular to a sand and gravel formation hole-forming borehole finder and a borehole finder method. Background Art

[0002] The gravel stratum is a typical unstable stratum with loose structure, large porosity, strong permeability and low cohesion. In the construction of cast-in-place piles in gravel strata, the low-cost clay wall drilling technology is often used to form a mud skin to support the hole wall, but it has high requirements on geological conditions and is prone to problems such as hole collapse, hole depth deviation, and drill jam. If the hole wall collapses and the hole is not thoroughly cleaned, the sediment will be too thick, which will seriously affect the quality of the pile body. Its subsequent treatment is very difficult, and the direct economic loss and indirect construction period loss are huge.

[0003] Therefore, in the construction of bored piles, the quality of the hole directly affects the quality of the pile after concrete pouring. In engineering, a borehole detector is often used to detect the diameter and verticality of the bored pile hole. The traditional borehole detector uses steel bars welded to form a cage-like structure, which consists of a column and conical ends at both ends of the column. The borehole detector is used to detect the diameter and verticality of the bored pile hole. If it can be smoothly put into the hole bottom from the hole mouth, the hole meets the requirements. Otherwise, the hole does not meet the requirements.

[0004] Although the traditional borehole finder can directly determine whether the hole meets the construction requirements, it still has the following shortcomings: 1) The diameter of the borehole finder cannot be adjusted, and it cannot meet the detection of holes of any diameter; 2) It cannot quantitatively characterize the hole diameter and verticality, resulting in the inability to accurately and effectively treat the pile hole quickly and efficiently in the post-hole processing; 3) It has a large dead weight, and the detection operation requires mechanical cooperation, the cost of labor and machinery is high, the construction efficiency is low, and it is inconvenient to transfer; 4) The function is insufficient, and the sediment thickness at the bottom of the hole cannot be detected simultaneously. Other means are required for related detection. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a borehole finder and a borehole finder method for drilling holes in sand and gravel formations, to enhance the structural flexibility and functional characteristics of the borehole finder, to meet the detection needs of holes with different apertures, to perform quantitative detection during the borehole finder process, to complete multiple detection operations in one borehole finder, and to achieve the effect of reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a sand and gravel formation hole-forming probe, comprising a rod-shaped probe inner core tube;

[0007] At least two support members are arranged along the circumference of the borer inner core tube, and the support members are arranged around the borer inner core tube to form a circular outer support tube;

[0008] The inner core tube of the borer and the support member are connected by an adjustment mechanism that can drive the support member to move radially along the inner core tube of the borer to adjust the diameter of the outer support tube;

[0009] Four rangefinders are arranged at equal angles along the circumference of the inner core tube of the borer, and the rangefinders measure distance along the radial direction of the inner core tube of the borer;

[0010] An imaging probe and a vertical sediment probe are fixed at the lower end of the inner core tube of the bore finder.

[0011] As a preferred solution, the support member is an arc-shaped plate, and the generatrix of the arc-shaped plate is along the axial direction of the inner core tube of the borer.

[0012] As a preferred solution, the adjustment mechanism includes a pull rod slide, an articulated rod, a support spring and a spring control structure;

[0013] There are no less than three pull rod slides, all of which are sleeved on the outer side of the middle part of the inner core tube of the borescope, and adjacent pull rod slides are connected by hinged rods. Support springs sleeved on the inner core tube of the borescope are provided on both axial sides of each pull rod slide, and spring control structures for squeezing and limiting the support springs are provided at both ends of the inner core tube of the borescope;

[0014] Among them, each hinged rod includes a first pull rod and a second pull rod whose adjacent ends are hinged and form an angle, the adjacent ends of the first pull rod and the second pull rod are rotatably connected to the corresponding support members, and the other ends of the first pull rod and the second pull rod are respectively hinged to two adjacent pull rod slides.

[0015] As a preferred solution, the pull rod slide seat includes a spring clamping plate, a structural connecting pipe, a connecting rod fixing clamp, and a pull rod connecting rod;

[0016] The structural connecting tube is in the shape of a circular ring and is used for the inner core tube of the borescope to pass through. Both axial ends of the structural connecting tube are fixed with spring retaining plates that abut against the ends of the supporting springs. A connecting rod fixing clamp is fixed on the structural connecting tube, and the end of the connecting rod fixing clamp is rotatably hinged with the corresponding end of the first pull rod / second pull rod through a pull rod connecting rod.

[0017] As a preferred solution, a through groove is opened in the middle of the structural connecting tube, and an adjusting sliding ball is arranged in the through groove, which is in rolling contact with the outer wall of the inner core tube of the borescope, and a ball fixing connecting hole is arranged along the radial direction of the adjusting sliding ball, and a fixed ball shaft is passed through the ball fixing connecting hole, and both ends of the fixed ball shaft are fixedly connected to the structural connecting tube.

[0018] As a preferred solution, the spring control structure includes an outer tube, a retaining nut, a retaining bolt and a retaining plate;

[0019] An annular retaining plate is fixed at one end of the outer tube, a retaining nut is fixed in the reserved hole of the outer tube, and after the inner core tube of the bore finder passes through the outer tube, it is squeezed and locked by a retaining bolt that is threadably matched with the retaining nut.

[0020] As a preferred solution, a probe retaining nut is fixed in the reserved hole on the side wall of the lower end of the borer core tube. After the imaging probe is inserted into the lower end of the inner cavity of the borer core tube, it is locked by the probe retaining bolt that cooperates with the probe retaining nut thread.

[0021] As a preferred solution, the sediment probe is located at a position where the lower end of the core tube in the borescope deviates from the center line thereof.

[0022] A drilling method for drilling holes in a sandy and gravel stratum, the method using a sandy and gravel stratum drilling probe to drill holes, comprising the following steps:

[0023] S1. According to the hole diameter, adjust the diameter of the outer support tube of the borehole detector;

[0024] S2. After aligning the center of the bore finder with the center of the hole, lower the bore finder vertically downward;

[0025] S3. During the lowering of the borehole finder, four distance meters are used to measure the hole diameter and the verticality deviation of the hole wall to determine whether the construction requirements are met;

[0026] The calculation formula for aperture D is:

[0027]

[0028] Where: r 1 、r 2 and r 1 ′、r 2 ′ are the distance data obtained by the corresponding rangefinder in two mutually perpendicular directions at depth h, L 0 D is the distance from the end of the rangefinder to the center line of the core tube in the borescope. 0 is the length of the rangefinder;

[0029] The calculation formula of hole wall verticality deviation δ is:

[0030]

[0031] Measure the δ values ​​at different depths, select the maximum value as the effective value, and determine whether the effective value is ≤1%;

[0032] During the lowering of the borehole finder, the imaging probe detects the collapse of the borehole wall;

[0033] S4. When the borehole finder is lowered to the bottom of the hole, the sediment probe with scale is inserted to the bottom of the sediment layer, and the insertion scale value of the sediment probe is read by the imaging probe.

[0034] As a preferred solution, in S4, the borehole probe is translated or rotated, the position of the sediment probe is adjusted, and then the probe is inserted into other positions of the sediment layer, and the probe is repeatedly inserted into different positions of the sediment layer to obtain the measured depth z of the corresponding position. 1 、z 2 、z 3 、z 4 ..., the average value z of the measured depth is the effective value of the sediment thickness.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. The support member surrounds the outer periphery of the inner core tube of the borer, and the support member constitutes a circular outer support cylinder with an adjustable diameter, which can meet the detection requirements of holes with different apertures and has the characteristics of convenient structural replacement and maintenance and low cost.

[0037] 2. The present invention can synchronously measure key data such as the hole diameter, verticality, sediment thickness, etc. of the bored pile borehole through the borehole finder structure, and can be applied to various hole diameter working conditions, improving the shortcomings of the traditional borehole finder structure that is bulky and difficult to operate manually. The structure has the characteristics of strong applicability, simple operation, convenient installation and disassembly, economical saving, and reusability.

[0038] 3. The present invention combines drilling imaging technology and sediment probe structure. The probe is inserted into different positions of the slag layer multiple times to intuitively measure the thickness of the slag layer. It is more accurate than the traditional method of measuring cones and measuring discs, and avoids data errors caused by uneven slag layer thickness. The method is simple and easy to use, has a simple structure, and can obtain data accurately and efficiently.

[0039] 4. The borehole probe integrates multiple functions in one. During the borehole detection process, multiple detection operations can be completed by lowering the borehole probe once. There is no need to switch to other detection methods. The labor and machinery costs are reduced, and the construction efficiency is improved. It is especially suitable for use in the construction environment of sand and gravel formations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0041] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the pull rod slide of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of the hinged rod of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the spring control structure of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the drilling method of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the core tube connector of the present invention.

[0047] Reference numerals:

[0048] 1. Inner core tube of borehole detector, 101. Probe clamping nut, 102. Probe clamping bolt;

[0049] 2. Support parts;

[0050] 3. Distance meter;

[0051] 4. Imaging probe;

[0052] 5. Sediment probe;

[0053] 6. pull rod slide seat, 601. spring clamping plate, 602. structural connecting pipe, 603. connecting rod fixing clamp, 604. pull rod connecting rod, 605. adjusting sliding ball, 606. ball fixing connecting hole, 607. fixing ball shaft;

[0054] 7. Articulated rod, 701. first pull rod, 702. second pull rod;

[0055] 8. Support spring;

[0056] 9. Spring control structure, 901. Outer tube, 902. Positioning nut, 903. Positioning bolt, 904. Positioning plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The present invention is described in detail below by way of exemplary embodiments. However, it should be understood that, without further description, elements, structures and features in one embodiment may also be beneficially combined in other embodiments.

[0058] It should be noted that: unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this document shall have the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the invention belongs. The words "one", "an" or "the" and the like used in the patent application specification and claims of the present invention do not express quantity restrictions, but indicate the existence of at least one; the words "first", "second" and "third" used in this document shall not be regarded as restrictions on the order of components, but are only used to distinguish different components; words such as "include" or "comprise" and the like indicate that the elements or objects appearing before "include" or "comprise" include the elements or objects listed after "include" or "comprise" and their equivalents, but do not exclude other elements or objects with the same function.

[0059] In order to more clearly describe the sand and gravel formation drilling probe structure and method, combined with the attached Figure 1-6 Describe this embodiment:

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, a sand and gravel formation borer includes a rod-shaped borer inner core tube 1; at least two support members 2 are arranged along the circumference of the borer inner core tube 1, and the support members 2 are arranged around the borer inner core tube 1 to form a circular outer support tube. The borer inner core tube 1 and the support members 2 are connected by an adjustment mechanism that can drive the support members 2 to move radially along the borer inner core tube 1 to adjust the diameter of the outer support tube; four rangefinders 3 are arranged at equal angles along the circumference of the borer inner core tube 1, and the rangefinders 3 measure distances along the radial direction of the borer inner core tube 1. An imaging probe 4 and a vertical sediment probe 5 are fixed at the lower end of the borer inner core tube 1.

[0061] The diameter of the outer support tube can be adjusted to meet the detection requirements of different hole diameters. The rangefinder 3 is used to quantitatively characterize the hole diameter and verticality. The probe has a scale and can be read by the imaging probe. The imaging probe 4 and the vertical sediment probe 5 are used to detect the sediment thickness at the bottom of the hole. With the support of accurate data, the subsequent rapid and efficient management of the pile hole is convenient.

[0062] In the above embodiment, the borer core tube 1 is a hollow tube with open ends, and the cable 10 passes through the hollow tube to be electrically connected to the rangefinder 3 and the imaging probe 4. Threaded portions are provided at both ends of the borer core tube 1, which can be connected to a core tube connector 11 with threads. The core tube connector 11 is as shown in FIG. Figure 6 A probe locking nut 101 is fixed in the reserved hole of the lower side wall of the borer core tube 1 , and after the imaging probe 4 is inserted into the lower end of the inner cavity of the borer core tube 1 , it is locked by the probe locking bolt 102 threadedly matched with the probe locking nut 101 .

[0063] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3Specifically, the support member 2 is an arc-shaped plate, and the generatrix of the arc-shaped plate is along the axial direction of the core tube 1 inside the borer.

[0064] See also Figure 1 The adjusting mechanism specifically includes a rod slide 6, an articulated rod 7, a support spring 8 and a spring control structure 9; there are no less than three rod slides 6, and all of them are sleeved on the outer side of the middle part of the inner core tube 1 of the borescope, and adjacent rod slides 6 are connected by articulated rods 7, and each rod slide 6 is provided with support springs 8 sleeved on the inner core tube 1 of the borescope on both axial sides, and spring control structures 9 for squeezing and limiting the support springs 8 are provided at both ends of the inner core tube 1 of the borescope; each articulated rod 7 includes a first rod 701 and a second rod 702 whose adjacent ends are hinged and form an angle, the adjacent ends of the first rod 701 and the second rod 702 are rotatably connected to the corresponding support member 2, and the other ends of the first rod 701 and the second rod 702 are respectively hinged to the two adjacent rod slides 6. The support spring 8 keeps the rod slide 6 at a distance, and the positions of the rod slide 6 and the support spring 8 are limited by the spring control structure 9 at both ends. When the rod slide 6 moves, it can adjust the angle between the first rod 701 and the second rod 702 in each hinged rod 7, and drive the support 2 to move radially. When the angle increases, the diameter of the outer support tube decreases, and when the angle decreases, the diameter of the outer support tube increases. The combined structure of the borer is convenient for adjustment. Compared with the cage-shaped borer, it has low deadweight and is convenient for transfer.

[0065] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The rod slide 6 includes a spring clamping plate 601, a structural connecting tube 602, a connecting rod fixing clamp 603, and a rod connecting rod 604; the structural connecting tube 602 is annular and is used for the borer inner core tube 1 to pass through. Both ends of the structural connecting tube 602 are fixed with spring clamping plates 601 that abut against the end of the support spring 8. The structural connecting tube 602 is fixed with a connecting rod fixing clamp 603. The end of the connecting rod fixing clamp 603 is rotatably hinged with the corresponding end of the first rod 701 / the second rod 702 through the rod connecting rod 604. The spring clamping plate 601 is used to squeeze the end of the support spring 8 to prevent the support spring 8 from directly contacting the hinged rod 7; the structural connecting tube 602 can slide along the axial direction of the borer inner core tube 1, which can be easily assembled and disassembled.

[0066] Furthermore, a through groove is provided in the middle of the structural connection tube 602, in which an adjustable sliding ball 605 is provided for rolling contact with the outer wall of the borer inner core tube 1, and a ball fixing connecting hole 606 is provided in the radial direction of the adjustable sliding ball 605, and a fixed ball shaft 607 is passed through the ball fixing connecting hole 606, and both ends of the fixed ball shaft 607 are fixedly connected to the structural connection tube 602. The overall adjustment sliding ball 605 contacts the outer surface of the borer inner core tube 1, thereby reducing the wear of the borer inner core tube 1 and the pull rod slide seat 6, thereby increasing the service life.

[0067] See also Figure 1 and Figure 4 The spring control structure 9 specifically includes an outer tube 901, a retaining nut 902, a retaining bolt 903 and a retaining plate 904; a circular retaining plate 904 is fixed at one end of the outer tube 901, and a retaining nut 902 is fixed in the reserved hole of the outer tube 901. After the borer core tube 1 passes through the outer tube 901, it is squeezed and locked by the retaining bolt 903 threadedly matched with the retaining nut 902. The retaining plate 904 supports the support spring 8 at the end, and the retaining nut 902 and the retaining bolt 903 are used to fix the outer tube 901 and the borer core tube 1.

[0068] In the above embodiment, the sediment probe 5 can be set at a position where the lower end of the core tube 1 in the borescope deviates from its center line. On the one hand, it is easy to be detected by the imaging probe 4, and on the other hand, the position of the sediment probe 5 can be adjusted by rotating the borescope as a whole, so as to facilitate the detection of different positions at the bottom of the hole.

[0069] A drilling method for forming a hole in a sandy and gravel stratum, using a sandy and gravel stratum drilling probe to perform drilling, comprising the following steps:

[0070] S1. Adjust the diameter of the outer support tube of the borehole detector according to the hole diameter;

[0071] S2. After aligning the center of the bore finder with the center of the hole, lower the bore finder vertically downward;

[0072] S3. During the lowering of the borehole finder, four distance meters are used to measure the hole diameter and the verticality deviation of the hole wall to determine whether the construction requirements are met;

[0073] The calculation formula for aperture D is:

[0074]

[0075] Where: r 1 、r 2 and r 1 ′、r 2 ′ are the distance data obtained by the corresponding rangefinder in two mutually perpendicular directions at depth h, D 0L is the distance from the end of the rangefinder to the center line of the core tube in the borescope. 0 is the length of the rangefinder;

[0076] The calculation formula of hole wall verticality deviation δ is:

[0077]

[0078] Measure the δ values ​​at different depths, select the maximum value as the effective value, and determine whether the effective value is ≤1%; according to the provisions on the allowable deviation of verticality of bored pile drills in the "Technical Specifications for Building Pile Foundations" JGJ94-2021 and the "Code for Construction Quality Acceptance of Building Foundation Engineering" GB50202-2022, the deviation is within 1%. When the allowable deviation of verticality is within the above range, the requirements are met, otherwise the requirements are not met.

[0079] According to the field measured data, the controller outer tube outer diameter data D0 = 500mm, the laser rangefinder body length L0 = 110mm, the measured data of the two mutually perpendicular directions D and D' at a hole depth of 8.95m are 545mm, 556mm and 507mm, 501mm respectively, the designed hole diameter of the drill hole is 1500mm, and the hole depth is 12000mm, then the measured verticality deviation δ 1 =(556-545+507-501)×0.5÷8950×100%=0.09%, which meets the allowable deviation of verticality.

[0080] At a hole depth of 10.15m, the data of the two mutually perpendicular directions D and D′ are 596mm, 569mm and 637mm, 621mm respectively. The measured verticality deviation δ 2 =(596-569+637-621)×0.5÷10150×100%=0.2%, which meets the allowable deviation of verticality.

[0081] At a hole depth of 10.95m, the data of the two perpendicular directions D and D′ are 585mm, 519mm and 597mm, 525mm respectively. The measured verticality deviation δ 3 =(585-519+597-525)×0.5÷10950×100%=0.63%, which meets the allowable deviation of verticality.

[0082] At a hole depth of 12.00m, the data of the two mutually perpendicular directions D and D' are 645mm, 539mm and 611mm, 525mm respectively. The measured verticality deviation δ 4 =(645-539+611-525)×0.5÷12000×100%=0.8%, which meets the allowable deviation of verticality.

[0083] During the lowering of the borehole finder, the imaging probe 4 detects the collapse of the borehole wall;

[0084] S4. When the borehole finder is lowered to the bottom of the hole, the sediment probe 5 with scale is inserted to the bottom of the sediment layer, and the insertion scale value of the sediment probe 5 is read by the imaging probe 4.

[0085] Furthermore, in S4 of the above embodiment, the borescope is translated or rotated, the position of the sediment probe 5 is adjusted, and then the borescope is inserted into other positions of the sediment layer, and the borescope is repeatedly inserted into different positions of the sediment layer to obtain the measured depth z of the corresponding position. 1 、z 2 、z 3 、z 4 ..., the average value z of the measured depth is the effective value of the sediment thickness.

[0086] In the field test, the scale range of the scaled sediment probe is 100mm, and the measured data of the five measuring points of the slag layer at the bottom of the hole are 50.5mm, 48.9mm, 51.2mm, 46.7mm, and 48.2mm respectively. The average value of the sediment data is 49.3mm.

[0087] The parts not described in detail in this embodiment are prior art.

[0088] It should be noted that although the present invention is described by the above embodiments, the present invention may also have other various embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, it is obvious that those skilled in the art may make various corresponding changes and deformations to the present invention, but these changes and deformations should all fall within the scope of protection of the appended claims of the present invention and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A drilling probe for sand and gravel formations, characterized in that: The invention comprises a rod-shaped borer inner core tube (1); At least two support members (2) are arranged along the circumference of the borer inner core tube (1), and the support members (2) are arranged around the borer inner core tube (1) to form a circular outer support tube; The borer inner core tube (1) and the support member (2) are connected via an adjustment mechanism capable of driving the support member (2) to move radially along the borer inner core tube (1) to adjust the diameter of the outer support tube; Four distance measuring instruments (3) are arranged at equal angles along the circumference of the borescope inner core tube (1), and the distance measuring instruments (3) measure distance along the radial direction of the borescope inner core tube (1); An imaging probe (4) and a vertical sediment probe (5) are fixed at the lower end of the borehole probe inner core tube (1).

2. A sand and gravel formation drilling probe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support member (2) is an arc-shaped plate, and the generatrix of the arc-shaped plate is along the axial direction of the inner core tube (1) of the borer.

3. The sand and gravel formation drilling probe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism comprises a pull rod slide seat (6), a hinged rod (7), a support spring (8) and a spring control structure (9); There are no less than three pull rod slides (6), all of which are sleeved on the outer side of the middle part of the borescope inner core tube (1), and adjacent pull rod slides (6) are connected by hinged rods (7). Each pull rod slide (6) is provided with support springs (8) sleeved on the borescope inner core tube (1) on both axial sides, and spring control structures (9) for squeezing and limiting the support springs (8) are provided at both ends of the borescope inner core tube (1); Each hinged rod (7) includes a first pull rod (701) and a second pull rod (702) whose adjacent ends are hinged to form an angle, the adjacent ends of the first pull rod (701) and the second pull rod (702) are rotatably connected to the corresponding support member (2), and the other ends of the first pull rod (701) and the second pull rod (702) are respectively hinged to two adjacent pull rod slides (6).

4. A sand and gravel formation drilling probe according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pull rod slide seat (6) comprises a spring clamping plate (601), a structural connecting pipe (602), a connecting rod fixing clamp (603), and a pull rod connecting rod (604); The structural connecting tube (602) is in the shape of a circular ring and is used for the inner core tube (1) of the bore finder to pass through. Both axial ends of the structural connecting tube (602) are fixed with spring retaining plates (601) that abut against the ends of the supporting springs (8). A connecting rod fixing clamp (603) is fixed on the structural connecting tube (602). The end of the connecting rod fixing clamp (603) is rotatably hinged to the corresponding end of the first pull rod (701) / the second pull rod (702) through a pull rod connecting rod (604).

5. A sand and gravel formation drilling probe according to claim 4, characterized in that: A through groove is provided in the middle of the structural connection tube (602), and an adjusting sliding ball (605) is provided in the through groove for rolling contact with the outer wall of the inner core tube (1) of the bore finder. A ball fixing connecting hole (606) is provided in the adjusting sliding ball (605) along its radial direction, and a fixed ball shaft (607) is passed through the ball fixing connecting hole (606). Both ends of the fixed ball shaft (607) are fixedly connected to the structural connection tube (602).

6. The sand and gravel formation drilling probe according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spring control structure (9) comprises an outer tube (901), a retaining nut (902), a retaining bolt (903) and a retaining plate (904); An annular retaining plate (904) is fixed to one end of the outer tube (901), and a retaining nut (902) is fixed in the reserved hole of the outer tube (901). After the inner core tube (1) of the borer passes through the outer tube (901), it is squeezed and locked by a retaining bolt (903) threadedly matched with the retaining nut (902).

7. The sand and gravel formation drilling probe according to claim 1, characterized in that: A probe locking nut (101) is fixed in a reserved hole on the side wall of the lower end of the borer core tube (1); after the imaging probe (4) is inserted into the lower end of the inner cavity of the borer core tube (1), it is locked by a probe locking bolt (102) threadably matched with the probe locking nut (101).

8. The sand and gravel formation drilling probe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sediment probe (5) is located at a position deviated from the center line of the lower end of the core tube (1) in the borescope.

9. A drilling method for drilling holes in sandy and gravel strata, characterized in that: The method uses a sand and gravel formation drilling probe as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 to perform drilling, comprising the following steps: S1. According to the hole diameter, adjust the diameter of the outer support tube of the borehole detector; S2. After aligning the center of the bore finder with the center of the hole, lower the bore finder vertically downward; S3. During the lowering of the borehole finder, four distance meters are used to measure the hole diameter and the verticality deviation of the hole wall to determine whether the construction requirements are met; The calculation formula for aperture D is: Among them: r1, r2 and r1 ′ 、r2 ′ are the distance data obtained by the corresponding rangefinder in two mutually perpendicular directions at depth h, L0 is the distance from the tail end of the rangefinder to the center line of the core tube in the borescope, and D0 is the length of the rangefinder; The calculation formula of hole wall verticality deviation δ is: Measure the δ values ​​at different depths, select the maximum value as the effective value, and determine whether the effective value is ≤1%; During the lowering of the borehole finder, the imaging probe detects the collapse of the borehole wall; S4. When the borehole finder is lowered to the bottom of the hole, the sediment probe with scale is inserted to the bottom of the sediment layer, and the insertion scale value of the sediment probe is read by the imaging probe.

10. A drilling method for drilling holes in sandy and gravel formations according to claim 9, characterized in that: In S4, the borescope is translated or rotated, the position of the sediment probe is adjusted, and then the probe is inserted into other positions of the sediment layer. The probe is inserted into different positions of the sediment layer repeatedly to obtain the measured depths z1, z2, z3, z4, ... at the corresponding positions. The average value z of the measured depths is the effective value of the sediment thickness.

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