Gas-hydraulic shock absorber

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of railway transportation, in particular to an energy absorption device for longitudinal force acting on railway vehicles and locomotives in the train running or vehicle shunting process. A gas-hydraulic shock absorber includes a housing having a fill plug, a movable bumper mounted in the housing, a movable separation piston, a throttle valve, and a bypass valve. The invention provides a technical result of improving energy intensity and manufacturability while simplifying the design and providing the possibility of obtaining more elastic and more stable operating characteristics, which in turn increases the reliability of the shock absorber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of railway transportation, and in particular to an energy absorbing device for longitudinal forces acting on railway vehicles and locomotives during train operation or vehicle shunting. Background Art

[0002] A gas-hydraulic shock absorber is known, with invention certificate number SU688364, IPCB61G9 / 08, September 30, 1979, and the name "Gas-hydraulic shock absorber for automatic coupling device". The known gas-hydraulic shock absorber consists of a cylindrical housing containing an elastic piston, a plunger, a bottom, a gas-hydraulic shock absorber with a hole, and a metering pin, axle box and a nut of a check valve with a throttle hole. The plunger contains a floating piston with an elastic ring and a diaphragm equipped with a sealing element, a valve seat that limits the interaction between the piston and the hydraulic fluid during contact, and also contains a check valve, a charging fitting, a plug, a seal, an elastic element A and a gas chamber of the gas-hydraulic shock absorber B and hydraulic pads I, D and E. The main disadvantages of the known gas-hydraulic shock absorber are the complexity of the design and the low manufacturability.

[0003] The technical solution closest to what is claimed in this article in terms of technical essence is the technical solution of the gas-hydraulic shock absorber for the automatic coupling device of railway vehicles in the inventor's certificate SU796028, IPCD61G9 / 08, January 15, 1981. The known gas-hydraulic shock absorber for the automatic coupling device of railway vehicles consists of a tower with a welded bottom, including a movable plunger, whose stroke is limited by a threaded sleeve. The shock absorber has three chambers: chambers A and B are filled with oil, and chamber C is filled with gas. Chambers B and C are located in the plunger and separated from each other by a floating piston. The high-pressure chamber A is separated from the low-pressure chamber B by a diaphragm. The drain valve moves in the diaphragm, and it is pressed by a spring against a valve seat fixed in the diaphragm by a threaded sleeve. The end of the drain valve is made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder, with a hole in the wall, and enters the high-pressure chamber A through the nozzle hole of the valve seat. The control spring moves through an intermediate piston in a cylindrical cavity at the end of the drain valve, exerting pressure on the control valve which passes through the drain valve and an insulating sleeve fixed by a threaded sleeve. The high-pressure chamber A and the intermediate chambers D and E are connected by channels drilled in the diaphragm. To control the hydraulic resistance of these channels, a throttle valve is installed. The main disadvantages of the known gas-hydraulic shock absorbers are the use of springs and the complexity of the design, as well as the rather stiff operating properties. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical result of the claimed invention is that, while simplifying the design, the energy intensity and the manufacturability are increased and the possibility of obtaining more resilient and more stable operating characteristics is provided, also increasing the reliability of the shock absorber.

[0005] The technical effect of the claimed invention is achieved by the fact that a gas-hydraulic shock absorber for railway vehicles, comprising a housing with a filling plug, a movable buffer mounted in the housing, a movable separation piston, a throttle valve, a bypass valve, the housing being formed by a cylinder fixed to a base, one side of which is inserted into the bottom, and the other side of which is mounted an axle box, the axle box having at least one annular groove on the wall for placing a seal and an annular guide element in the annular groove, the cylinder being pressed against the side of the axle box by a stopper connected to the base. The movable buffer is a hollow rod plugged with a removable cover at one end, the cover being provided with a charging valve, and the other end being plugged with a fixed throttle piston. Furthermore, the hollow rod with the throttle piston is placed through the axle box in the cylinder with a bottom plugged, so as to provide the possibility of movement and form a chamber A between the bottom of the cylinder and the throttle piston. The movable separating piston has at least one annular groove for placing a seal and an annular guide element in the annular groove and is arranged in a hollow rod so as to form a chamber B filled with gas under initial pressure between the separating piston and a removable cover equipped with a charging valve, and an additional chamber B between the separating piston and the throttle piston. In addition, the throttle piston is made in the form of a cylinder, the outer surface of which has at least one groove for placing the seal and the annular guide element in the groove, and at least one valve seat in its interior for placing the spring throttle valve in the valve seat, and the throttle piston also has a valve seat for mounting a movable spring striker with a contoured groove and a bypass valve placed below it to provide the possibility of interaction with the separating piston, an overflow channel is formed on the wall of the throttle valve piston, and a connecting channel is formed below each throttle valve, each spring throttle valve consists of a sleeve, a guide, an adjusting washer, a spring and a needle, and the bypass valve includes an adapter, a bypass sleeve, an adjusting washer, a spring, a gate, at least three balls, a clamping flange and a nut.

[0006] This mutual arrangement and structural design of the components of the claimed gas-hydraulic shock absorber improves the energy intensity and creates conditions during operation that allow the shock absorber to attenuate the impact kinetic energy with more elastic and stable characteristics in all operating modes. In addition, the throttle valve and the bypass valve are not mounted on the cylinder wall, but on the throttle piston made in the form of a drum, and grooves for the sealing gland and the guide are provided on the outer surface of the drum and the axle box, eliminating the possibility of the sealing gland and the guide being subjected to high pressure (load), thereby increasing their reliability and, as a result, extending the service life of the gas-hydraulic shock absorber. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] The schematic diagram of the present invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 A cross-section of a gas-hydraulic shock absorber is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0008] The gas-hydraulic shock absorber comprises a housing 1 with a filling plug 2 and a movable buffer 3 mounted in the housing 1. The housing 1 is formed by a cylinder 5 fixed to a base 4, which is blocked on one side by a bottom 6 and on the other side is mounted an axle box 7. The wall of the axle box 7 has annular grooves 8 and 9 for placing a seal and an annular guide element in the annular grooves, respectively. The cylinder 5 is pressed against one side of the axle box 7 by a stopper 10 connected to the base 4 by ribs 11. The movable buffer 3 is a hollow rod 12, which is plugged with a removable cover 13 at one end, on which a charging valve 14 is mounted, and a fixed throttle piston 15 at the other end. The hollow rod 12 with the throttle piston 15 is installed in the blocked cylinder 5 through the axle box 7 to provide the possibility of movement and form a chamber A between the bottom 6 of the cylinder 5 and the throttle piston 15. The movable separating piston 16 has annular grooves 17 and 18 for placing a seal and an annular guide element in the annular grooves, respectively, and is arranged in the hollow rod 12 so as to form a chamber B filled with gas under initial pressure between the separating piston 16 and the removable cover 13 equipped with the charging valve 14, and an additional chamber B between the separating piston 16 and the throttle piston 15, which is made in the form of a drum with grooves 19 and 20 on the outer surface for placing a seal and an annular guide element in the grooves, respectively, and at least one valve seat 21 inside the drum for placing a spring throttle valve 22 in the valve seat, and a valve seat 23 on the throttle piston 15 for mounting a striker 24 of a movable spring 43 with a contoured groove and a bypass valve 25 placed below it to provide the possibility of interaction with the separating piston 16. An overflow channel 27 is formed in the wall 26 of the throttle piston 15, and a connecting channel 28 is formed below each throttle valve 22. Each spring throttle valve 22 is composed of a sleeve 29, a guide 37, an adjusting washer 38, a spring 39 and a needle 30, and the bypass valve 25 includes an adapter 31, a bypass sleeve 32, an adjusting washer 36, a spring 40, a gate 34, a ball 41, a spring 42, a clamping flange 35 and a nut 33.

[0009] The working principle of the claimed gas-hydraulic shock absorber is to convert the impact kinetic energy of the moving mass of the railway vehicle into heat energy by throttling the hydraulic fluid through the regulating device. In this case, the function of the regulating device can be performed by the throttling piston 15.

[0010] The gas-hydraulic shock absorber is filled with gas and hydraulic fluid (oil) at the required pressure and operates as follows: at low movement speed / small initial displacement / small collision compression force, the hollow rod 12 and the throttle piston 15 move towards the bottom 6, acting on the hydraulic fluid and increasing the pressure in chamber A. The hydraulic fluid under pressure acts on the gate and the striker through the channel of the bypass valve, moving them a certain amount along the axis and acting on the separation piston through the contour groove of the striker. Then, the process stops when the contact surface 44 of the striker 24 comes into contact with the corresponding contact surface 45 of the throttle piston 15.

[0011] At high moving speeds and / or large displacements and / or high impact loads to which the shock absorber is subjected, which occur during shunt collisions of railway vehicles and transient motion modes of trains, the gas-hydraulic shock absorber is compressed at high speed. This results in a significant increase in the hydraulic resistance of the throttle orifice and the pressure drop of the throttle piston 15. When the pressure reaches the pressure set by each throttle valve, it triggers and opens the throttle orifice 28. The hydraulic fluid under high pressure is throttled from chamber A into the additional chamber B under reduced pressure. In other cases, they are in the initial position.

Claims

1. A gas-hydraulic shock absorber, mainly used for railway vehicles, comprising a housing with a filling plug, a movable buffer mounted in the housing, a movable separation piston, a throttle valve, and a bypass valve, characterized in that: The housing is formed by a cylinder fixed to a base, one side of which is inserted into the bottom and the other side of which is mounted an axle box, the axle box having at least one annular groove on the wall for placing a seal and an annular guide element in the annular groove, the cylinder being pressed against the side of the axle box by a stopper connected to the base, the movable buffer being a hollow rod plugged with a removable cover at one end, the cover being provided with an inflation valve, and the other end being plugged with a fixed throttle piston; in addition, the hollow rod with the throttle piston is placed in the blocked cylinder through the axle box to provide the possibility of movement and to form a high-pressure chamber between the bottom of the cylinder and the throttle piston; the movable separating piston having at least one annular groove for placing a seal and annular guide element in the annular groove, and is arranged in the hollow rod so as to form a high-pressure chamber between the separation piston and the removable cover equipped with the inflation valve, and an additional low-pressure chamber between the separation piston and the throttle piston; in addition, the throttle piston is made in the form of a roller, the outer surface of which has at least one groove for placing a seal and an annular guide element in the groove, and at least one valve seat inside it for placing a spring throttle valve in the valve seat, and the throttle piston also has a valve seat for mounting a movable spring striker with a contoured groove and a bypass valve placed under the groove to provide the possibility of interaction with the separation piston, an overflow channel is formed in the wall of the throttle valve piston, and a connecting channel is formed under each throttle valve.

2. The gas-hydraulic shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that Each spring throttle valve consists of a sleeve, a guide, an adjusting washer, a needle and at least one spring, and the bypass valve includes an adapter, a bypass sleeve, a nut, a gate, at least three balls, a clamping flange, an adjusting washer and at least two springs.

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