Mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device, equipment and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device, equipment and method, and relates to the technical field of tunnel ponding monitoring, the mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device comprises a mounting cylinder, a buffer assembly, a guide assembly, a trigger mechanism and a sensing mechanism, the buffer assembly and the guide assembly are sleeved with the two ends of the mounting cylinder respectively, and the trigger mechanism is arranged on the mounting cylinder; the triggering mechanism is slidably mounted on the guiding assembly, the sensing mechanism is arranged between the buffering assembly and the triggering mechanism, and the triggering mechanism is used for extruding the sensing mechanism under the water pressure effect of accumulated water, so that the sensing mechanism senses the extrusion force of the triggering mechanism to monitor the accumulated water depth of the mountain tunnel; according to the technical scheme, a radar water level monitoring mode is replaced, accurate water level monitoring can be carried out in various ponding environments, the accuracy and reliability of ponding water level monitoring of the mountain tunnel are remarkably improved, high-precision monitoring of the water level is achieved, the assembly structure is compact, adaptability is high, and installation and maintenance are convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel waterlogging monitoring, and in particular to a device, equipment and method for monitoring the hydrological environment of a mountain tunnel. Background Art

[0002] The hydrological environment of a tunnel refers to the conditions and phenomena related to water inside and around the tunnel, especially water accumulation caused by groundwater infiltration, precipitation or poor drainage. As an important part of transportation infrastructure, the safety of mountain tunnels has always received widespread attention. Due to the low-lying terrain of tunnels, especially in mountainous areas, precipitation and groundwater infiltration often lead to water accumulation in tunnels. Tunnel hydrological environment monitoring technology has evolved from simple manual detection to automated intelligent monitoring.

[0003] At present, tunnel hydrological environment monitoring mainly relies on radar sensors installed inside the tunnel. The sensor transmits wireless signals and receives their echoes, and calculates the distance and speed of objects in the tunnel based on the time delay of the signal, thereby measuring the water level in the tunnel.

[0004] However, when using radar sensors inside the tunnel to monitor the water level of water in a mountain tunnel, the transmitted signal of the radar sensor is easily scattered by waves or particles on the surface of the water, thereby changing the signal propagation path, resulting in large measurement errors and low accuracy in water level monitoring in mountain tunnels. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a device, equipment and method for monitoring the hydrological environment of a mountain tunnel, aiming to solve the technical problem of low accuracy in monitoring the water level of water accumulation in a mountain tunnel.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device proposed by the present invention comprises:

[0007] A mounting tube, wherein two ends of the mounting tube along its axial direction are respectively a trigger end and a mounting end;

[0008] A buffer assembly, wherein the mounting end of the mounting tube is sleeved outside the buffer assembly;

[0009] A guide assembly, the inner wall of the mounting tube is provided with the guide assembly, and the guide assembly extends along the axial direction of the mounting tube;

[0010] A trigger mechanism, the trigger mechanism is mounted on the trigger end of the mounting tube, and the trigger mechanism is slidably mounted on the guide assembly along the axial direction of the mounting tube;

[0011] A sensing mechanism, the sensing mechanism is installed in the installation tube, and the sensing mechanism is arranged between the buffer assembly and the trigger mechanism;

[0012] Among them, the trigger mechanism is used to slide and squeeze the sensing mechanism along the axial direction of the mounting tube toward the sensing mechanism under the action of the water pressure of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel, so that the sensing mechanism senses the squeezing force of the trigger mechanism to monitor the depth of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel.

[0013] In one embodiment, the guide assembly includes a guide plate, a baffle plate and an end plate. The guide plate is installed on the inner wall of the mounting tube, and the guide plate extends along the axial direction of the mounting tube. The two ends of the guide plate along its extension direction are respectively connected to the baffle plate and the end plate, and the baffle plate and the end plate both extend along the radial direction of the mounting tube; the trigger mechanism is slidably installed between the end plate and the baffle plate along the axial direction of the mounting tube.

[0014] In one embodiment, the trigger mechanism includes a slider, a contact and an elastic membrane, the elastic membrane covers the trigger end of the mounting tube, the slider is slidably installed between the end plate and the baffle along the axial direction of the mounting tube, and the elastic membrane abuts against the slider on the side facing the mounting end; a ball bearing is provided between the circumferential side wall of the slider and the guide plate, and the contact is connected to the end of the slider facing the sensing mechanism; the elastic membrane is used to be recessed toward the mounting end under the action of the water pressure of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel, so as to drive the slider and the contact to slide along the axial direction of the mounting tube toward the direction close to the sensing mechanism and squeeze the sensing mechanism, so that the sensing mechanism senses the squeezing force of the contact to monitor the depth of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel.

[0015] In one embodiment, the buffer assembly includes an end cover, a base and a buffer block, the end cover is threadedly connected to the mounting end of the mounting tube, the base is connected to the side of the end cover facing the trigger end, the buffer block is installed on the base, and the buffer block is spaced apart from the trigger mechanism; the sensing mechanism is arranged between the buffer block and the trigger mechanism.

[0016] In one embodiment, the sensing mechanism comprises:

[0017] A sensing module, used for sensing the squeezing force of the trigger mechanism;

[0018] A generating module, used for generating sensing parameters according to the squeezing force of the trigger mechanism;

[0019] A solution module, used for solving the sensing parameter equation according to the sensing parameter to obtain the depth parameter of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel;

[0020] A monitoring module is used to monitor the depth of water accumulation in the mountain tunnel according to the water accumulation depth parameter.

[0021] In one embodiment, the sensing module is a fiber optic sensor.

[0022] The present invention further proposes a mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device, wherein the mountain tunnel comprises a prefabricated segment with a segment hand hole, wherein the segment hand hole is provided with a segment bolt, and the mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device as described above is applied, wherein the mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device comprises:

[0023] A support structure, the support structure is hung on the segment bolts, and the support structure extends from the arch waist of the mountain tunnel toward the arch foot of the mountain tunnel;

[0024] A limiting cylinder is connected to the supporting structure, the limiting cylinder is arranged close to the arch foot of the mountain tunnel, the mounting cylinder is mounted on the limiting cylinder, and the mounting cylinder extends in a horizontal direction.

[0025] In one embodiment, the support structure includes a support frame, a hanging ear and a clamping ring, the support frame extends from the arch waist of the mountain tunnel toward the arch foot of the mountain tunnel, the support frame and the prefabricated pipe segment are arranged at intervals, one end of the hanging ear is connected to the support frame, and the other end of the hanging ear is hung on the pipe segment bolt, and the clamping ring is arranged on the support frame, and the clamping ring is used to clamp the external main optical fiber;

[0026] Among them, a wiring space is formed inside the support frame, a drainage outlet connected to the bottom of the wiring space is formed at the bottom of the support frame, an opening connected to the top of the wiring space is formed on the inner wall of the clamping ring, an opening connected to the wiring space is formed on the side wall of the limit cylinder, and a through hole connected to the opening is formed on the mounting cylinder; one end of the main optical fiber is connected to the branch optical fiber by optical signals, and the other end of the branch optical fiber extends into the wiring space from the opening, and is connected to the optical signal of the sensing mechanism after extending into the through hole through the opening.

[0027] The present invention also proposes a method for monitoring hydrological environment in a mountain tunnel, using the above-mentioned hydrological environment monitoring device for a mountain tunnel. The method for monitoring hydrological environment in a mountain tunnel comprises:

[0028] The sensing mechanism senses the squeezing force of the trigger mechanism and generates a sensing signal;

[0029] Generate a sensing parameter according to the sensing signal; wherein the sensing parameter is a water pressure change value of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel;

[0030] Obtaining the density of accumulated water in the mountain tunnel and generating a water density value;

[0031] According to the sensing parameter and the water density value, the depth value of the water in the mountain tunnel is obtained to monitor the depth of the water in the mountain tunnel.

[0032] In one embodiment, the step of generating a sensing parameter according to the sensing signal comprises:

[0033] Generate the sensing parameter according to formula 1 and the sensing signal;

[0034] The formula 1 is:

[0035]

[0036] Wherein, ΔP is the water pressure change value of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel, Δλ is the wavelength change value of the sensing signal, and λ B is the initial Bragg wavelength value, k is the preset sensitivity coefficient of the sensing mechanism, and C is the preset amplification factor;

[0037] The step of obtaining the depth of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel according to the sensing parameter and the accumulated water density value to monitor the depth of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel comprises:

[0038] According to Formula 2, the sensing parameter and the water density value, a depth value of the water in the mountain tunnel is obtained to monitor the depth of the water in the mountain tunnel;

[0039] The formula 2 is:

[0040]

[0041] Wherein, h is the depth of water in the mountain tunnel, and ρ s is the water density of the accumulated water, and g is the gravitational acceleration.

[0042] The technical solution of the present invention replaces the water level monitoring method of radar through the installation tube, buffer component, guide component, trigger mechanism and sensing mechanism, and can perform accurate water level monitoring in a variety of water accumulation environments, avoiding monitoring failure caused by signal scattering due to fluctuations or particles on the water accumulation surface in the radar water level monitoring method, improving monitoring accuracy, and realizing high-precision monitoring of water level. Moreover, since the assembly structure of the installation tube, buffer component, guide component, trigger mechanism and sensing mechanism is compact and highly adaptable, it not only reduces the measurement error caused by various external factors, but also significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of water level monitoring in mountain tunnels, and does not require complicated installation and maintenance, so it has practical prospects and good economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0044] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a hydrological environment monitoring device for a mountain tunnel provided by the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a buffer assembly provided by the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a guide assembly provided by the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a sensing mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device provided by the present invention;

[0049] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a support structure provided by the present invention;

[0050] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a wiring space provided by the present invention;

[0051] Figure 8 A schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for monitoring hydrological environment in a mountain tunnel provided by the present invention.

[0052] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0053] 10. Mounting cylinder; 20. Buffer assembly; 30. Guide assembly; 40. Trigger mechanism; 50. Sensing mechanism; 11. Trigger end; 12. Mounting end; 31. Guide plate; 32. Baffle plate; 33. End plate; 41. Slider; 42. Contact; 43. Elastic membrane; 44. Ball bearing; 21. End cover; 22. Base; 23. Buffer block; 51. Sensing module; 52. Generation module; 53. Solution module; 54. Monitoring module;

[0054] 100, prefabricated segment; 200, segment bolt; 300, supporting structure; 400, limiting cylinder; 500, main optical fiber; 600, branch optical fiber; 101, segment hand hole; 310, supporting frame; 320, hanging ear; 330, clamping ring; 301, wiring space; 302, drainage outlet; 303, opening; 304, open; 305, through hole.

[0055] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components in a certain specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0058] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features limited to "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, if "and / or" or "and / or" appears in the full text, its meaning includes three parallel solutions. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes solution A, solution B, or solutions that satisfy both A and B. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0059] When using radar sensors inside the tunnel to monitor the water level of water accumulation in mountain tunnels, the transmitted signal of the radar sensor is easily scattered by waves or particles on the surface of the water accumulation, thereby changing the signal propagation path, causing large measurement errors and resulting in low accuracy in water level monitoring in mountain tunnels.

[0060] In order to solve this technical problem, the present invention proposes a mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device, equipment and method.

[0061] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2In one embodiment of the present invention, the mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device includes a mounting tube 10, a buffer assembly 20, a guide assembly 30, a trigger mechanism 40 and a sensing mechanism 50. The mounting tube 10 has two ends along its axial direction, namely a trigger end 11 and a mounting end 12; the mounting end 12 of the mounting tube 10 is sleeved outside the buffer assembly 20; the inner wall of the mounting tube 10 is mounted with a guide assembly 30, and the guide assembly 30 extends along the axial direction of the mounting tube 10; the trigger mechanism 40 is mounted on the trigger end 11 of the mounting tube 10, and the trigger mechanism 40 is slidably mounted on the guide assembly 30 along the axial direction of the mounting tube 10; the sensing mechanism 50 is mounted in the mounting tube 10, and the sensing mechanism 50 is arranged between the buffer assembly 20 and the trigger mechanism 40; wherein the trigger mechanism 40 is used to slide and squeeze the sensing mechanism 50 along the axial direction of the mounting tube 10 toward the sensing mechanism 50 under the water pressure of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel, so that the sensing mechanism 50 senses the squeezing force of the trigger mechanism 40 to monitor the depth of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel.

[0062] It should be noted that the sensing mechanism 50 is a prior art.

[0063] It should be understood that when the water level inside the mountain tunnel rises, the water pressure of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel generates a force on the trigger mechanism 40. Under the action of the water pressure, the trigger mechanism 40 slides along the axial direction of the mounting tube 10 along the guide assembly 30 toward the direction of the sensing mechanism 50. The trigger mechanism 40 gradually approaches the sensing mechanism 50 and contacts the sensing mechanism 50 to apply a squeezing force, so that the sensing mechanism 50 can sense the magnitude of the squeezing force and monitor the depth of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel through the change in the magnitude of the squeezing force.

[0064] Specifically, the installation tube 10 not only provides installation conditions for the buffer assembly 20, the guide assembly 30, the trigger mechanism 40 and the sensing mechanism 50, but also can improve the service life of the buffer assembly 20, the guide assembly 30 and the sensing mechanism 50, and is more suitable for the application scenario of mountain tunnels. The guide assembly 30 extends along the axial direction of the installation tube 10 to ensure that the sliding path of the trigger mechanism 40 is controllable and predictable. When the water level of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel changes, the trigger mechanism 40 slides axially to the sensing mechanism 50. The sensing mechanism 50 senses the extrusion force applied by the trigger mechanism 40, which replaces the radar water level monitoring method. It can accurately monitor the water level in a variety of water accumulation environments, avoid the monitoring failure caused by the fluctuation or particles on the water surface in the radar water level monitoring method, and improve the monitoring accuracy. The buffer assembly 20 can absorb part of the impact force caused by the change in water pressure when the water level changes drastically, protect the sensing mechanism 50 and the trigger mechanism 40, and further improve the durability and stability of the mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device. The mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device has a simple structure and can adapt to the needs of tunnels of different sizes. It can be used after simple installation, saving installation and maintenance costs. The trigger mechanism 40 can not only accurately transmit water pressure, but also amplify the pressure, making the sensing mechanism 50 more sensitive, ensuring accurate detection of the water level.

[0065] In the technical solution provided by the present invention, the water level monitoring method of radar is replaced by installing a tube 10, a buffer component 20, a guide component 30, a trigger mechanism 40 and a sensing mechanism 50, and accurate water level monitoring can be performed in a variety of water accumulation environments, avoiding monitoring failure caused by signal scattering due to fluctuations or particles on the water surface in the radar water level monitoring method, improving monitoring accuracy, and realizing high-precision monitoring of the water level. In addition, since the assembly structure of the installation tube 10, the buffer component 20, the guide component 30, the trigger mechanism 40 and the sensing mechanism 50 is compact and highly adaptable, it not only reduces the measurement error caused by various external factors, but also significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of water level monitoring in mountain tunnels, and does not require complicated installation and maintenance, and has practical prospects and good economic benefits.

[0066] Please continue reading Figure 1 and Figure 2 , and see Figure 3 In an embodiment of the present invention, the guide assembly 30 includes a guide plate 31, a baffle plate 32 and an end plate 33. The guide plate 31 is installed on the inner wall of the mounting cylinder 10. The guide plate 31 extends along the axial direction of the mounting cylinder 10. The two ends of the guide plate 31 along its extension direction are respectively connected to the baffle plate 32 and the end plate 33. The baffle plate 32 and the end plate 33 both extend along the radial direction of the mounting cylinder 10; the trigger mechanism 40 is slidably installed between the end plate 33 and the baffle plate 32 along the axial direction of the mounting cylinder 10.

[0067] Specifically, the guide plate 31 is fixed to the inner wall of the mounting tube 10 and extends along the axial direction of the mounting tube 10. The guide plate 31 forms a sliding track for the trigger mechanism 40. The two ends of the guide plate 31 are respectively connected to the baffle plate 32 and the end plate 33, both of which extend along the radial direction of the mounting tube 10, providing a sliding boundary for the trigger mechanism 40, ensuring that the trigger mechanism 40 can slide stably along the axial direction of the mounting tube 10, improving the displacement stability of the trigger mechanism 40, and thus improving the accuracy of water level monitoring.

[0068] More specifically, the installation of the guide plate 31 allows the trigger mechanism 40 to be well constrained when sliding, avoiding deviation or shaking, thereby improving the accuracy of the trigger mechanism 40 in responding to water pressure. The baffle 32 and the end plate 33 are respectively located at the two ends of the guide plate 31, forming a closed sliding path to ensure that the trigger mechanism 40 can move smoothly along the axial direction when pushed by water pressure. This structure improves the sensitivity and accuracy of monitoring through precise guidance and reduces errors caused by structural instability. This enables the mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device to operate efficiently in a complex environment without the need for frequent maintenance, thereby improving the water level monitoring efficiency of accumulated water in mountain tunnels.

[0069] This embodiment effectively solves the instability problem that may occur during the sliding process of the trigger mechanism 40 through the reasonable configuration of the guide assembly 30. The combination of the guide plate 31, the baffle plate 32 and the end plate 33 ensures that the sliding path of the trigger mechanism 40 in the installation tube 10 is controlled and accurate, thereby improving the sensitivity and accuracy of the monitoring system. The mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device has a compact structure, is easy to install, can adapt to a variety of tunnel environments, and significantly improves the reliability and efficiency of water accumulation monitoring in mountain tunnels.

[0070] Continue reading Figure 2 and Figure 3 In an embodiment of the present invention, the trigger mechanism 40 includes a slider 41, a contact 42 and an elastic membrane 43. The elastic membrane 43 covers the trigger end 11 of the mounting tube 10. The slider 41 is slidably installed between the end plate 33 and the baffle plate 32 along the axial direction of the mounting tube 10. The elastic membrane 43 abuts against the slider 41 on the side facing the mounting end 12. A ball 44 is provided between the circumferential side wall of the slider 41 and the guide plate 31. The contact 42 is connected to the end of the slider 41 facing the sensing mechanism 50. The elastic membrane 43 is used to be recessed toward the mounting end 12 under the water pressure of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel, so as to drive the slider 41 and the contact 42 to slide along the axial direction of the mounting tube 10 toward the sensing mechanism 50 and squeeze the sensing mechanism 50, so that the sensing mechanism 50 senses the squeezing force of the contact 42 to monitor the depth of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel.

[0071] Specifically, the trigger mechanism 40 is composed of a slider 41, a contact 42 and an elastic membrane 43. The elastic membrane 43 covers the trigger end 11 of the mounting tube 10 and is close to one side of the slider 41. Its main function is to amplify the effect of water pressure on the slider 41. When the water level in the tunnel rises, the water pressure causes the elastic membrane 43 to sag toward the mounting end 12, pushing the slider 41 to slide axially between the end plate 33 and the baffle 32. Balls 44 are arranged between the circumferential side wall of the slider 41 and the guide plate 31 to reduce friction and ensure smooth sliding.

[0072] More specifically, during the water level monitoring process of water accumulation in a mountain tunnel, the water pressure generated by the water accumulation in the mountain tunnel is amplified by the elastic membrane 43, so that the slider 41 moves more sensitively, driving the contact 42 to slide and squeeze in the direction of the sensing mechanism 50. The sensing mechanism 50 can quickly and accurately detect the water level change by sensing the squeezing force applied by the contact 42, thereby improving the monitoring accuracy and efficiency. This design ensures that the slider 41 responds to the water level change accurately and quickly under the guidance of the guide plate 31.

[0073] The elastic membrane 43 has excellent elasticity and pressure resistance, can effectively amplify the influence of water pressure, and further improve the movement sensitivity of the slider 41. The cooperation between the slider 41 and the ball 44 makes the sliding more stable, reduces friction loss, and ensures the durability and reliability of the system.

[0074] It should be noted that the elastic membrane 43 is a membrane member made of silicone, fluororubber or the like with high elasticity and durability using existing technologies to ensure that it is not easily deformed or damaged under high pressure.

[0075] The thickness of the elastic membrane 43 is D, 0.5mm≤D≤3mm; when the thickness of the elastic membrane 43 is 0.5mm, the elastic membrane 43 is more easily deformed, more sensitive to slight changes in water pressure, and can quickly respond to changes in water pressure; when the thickness of the elastic membrane 43 is 3mm, it can withstand higher water pressure and is not easy to be damaged. While being able to sense the changes in water pressure of accumulated water in mountain tunnels, it is more wear-resistant and increases the service life of the elastic membrane 43.

[0076] As an optional implementation of this embodiment, the elastic membrane 43 is in an arc or dome shape, so that the elastic membrane 43 can distribute stress more evenly when the water pressure changes, increase the deformation capacity, withstand multi-directional pressure changes, and improve the sensitivity and response speed of the membrane.

[0077] As another optional implementation of this embodiment, the surface array of the elastic membrane 43 is provided with corrugations or folds to increase the surface area and deformation path of the elastic membrane 43, making it easier to bend and stretch when the water pressure changes, thereby enhancing the elasticity and durability of the membrane and allowing a larger deformation range.

[0078] The buffer assembly 20 includes an end cover 21, a base 22 and a buffer block 23. The end cover 21 is threadedly connected to the mounting end 12 of the mounting tube 10. The base 22 is connected to the side of the end cover 21 facing the trigger end 11. The buffer block 23 is installed on the base 22. The buffer block 23 and the trigger mechanism 40 are spaced apart. The sensing mechanism 50 is arranged between the buffer block 23 and the trigger mechanism 40.

[0079] This embodiment realizes efficient monitoring of the depth of water accumulation in a mountain tunnel through the amplification effect of the elastic membrane 43 in the trigger mechanism 40. The design of the elastic membrane 43 enables the slider 41 to sensitively respond to changes in water pressure, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of water level monitoring. This structure is suitable for complex tunnel environments, significantly reduces monitoring response time, and improves the stability and durability of the system.

[0080] See also Figure 4 In an embodiment of the present invention, the sensing mechanism 50 includes:

[0081] A sensing module 51, used to sense the squeezing force of the trigger mechanism 40;

[0082] A generating module 52, for generating sensing parameters according to the squeezing force of the trigger mechanism 40;

[0083] A solution module 53 is used to solve the sensing parameter equation according to the sensing parameter to obtain the depth parameter of the water accumulation in the mountain tunnel;

[0084] The monitoring module 54 is used to monitor the depth of water accumulation in the mountain tunnel according to the depth parameter.

[0085] Specifically, the function of the sensing mechanism 50 is to accurately monitor the depth of water accumulation (i.e., water level) in a mountain tunnel through the synergistic effect of multiple modules. The following is a detailed description of each module:

[0086] Sensing module 51: used to detect the squeezing force applied by the trigger mechanism 40. Through the built-in sensor, the sensing module 51 can sensitively capture the pressure change of the trigger mechanism 40 and convert it into an electrical signal. The electrical signal is an important parameter required for the subsequent process.

[0087] Generating module 52: After obtaining the squeezing force signals provided by the sensing module 51, the generating module 52 processes these signals and generates sensing parameters. This process includes converting the original pressure data into standardized sensing parameters for further calculation and analysis.

[0088] Solution module 53: The generated sensing parameters are transmitted to the solution module 53. In this module, the sensing parameters are solved by the preset sensing parameter equation to obtain the depth parameter of the water accumulation in the mountain tunnel, so as to ensure the high accuracy and reliability of the results.

[0089] Monitoring module 54: The depth parameters of water accumulation in the mountain tunnel are input into the monitoring module 54. The module uses these parameters to monitor the depth of water accumulation in the mountain tunnel in real time and displays the results on the monitoring terminal, providing an important reference for the management and maintenance of the mountain tunnel.

[0090] More specifically, the sensing module 51 receives the squeezing force signal in real time through a highly sensitive sensor, the generating module 52 then translates these signals into structured sensing parameters, the solving module 53 calculates the depth parameters of the water in the mountain tunnel by calculating the sensing parameter equation, and the monitoring module 54 uses these parameters to continuously monitor the water level in the tunnel. The whole process is highly automated, reducing the need for manual intervention and improving the efficiency and accuracy of monitoring.

[0091] This embodiment realizes accurate monitoring of the depth of water accumulation in mountain tunnels through the multi-module collaboration of the sensing mechanism 50, improves the efficiency and reliability of tunnel safety management, and at the same time reduces the workload of manual measurement and the consumption of human resources, and has wide practicality and high efficiency.

[0092] In the embodiment of the present invention, the sensing module 51 is a fiber optic sensor.

[0093] Specifically, the optical fiber sensor is an FBG optical fiber sensor in the prior art. The optical fiber sensor is composed of a sensitive optical fiber, a light source and a signal processing unit. The sensitive optical fiber is arranged in the area to be measured. When the trigger mechanism 40 applies pressure, the optical fiber will change its optical properties due to deformation. The light emitted by the light source is transmitted through the optical fiber, and the deformation of the optical fiber causes changes in the optical signal, which are transmitted to the signal processing unit. The signal processing unit receives the changes in the optical signal and converts it into an electrical signal, which represents the magnitude of the applied pressure. This process utilizes the high sensitivity of the optical fiber to achieve accurate sensing and quantification of pressure.

[0094] This embodiment uses an optical fiber sensor as the sensing module 51 to achieve a high-precision, interference-resistant water level monitoring process in a mountain tunnel.

[0095] Please continue reading Figures 1 to 4 , and see Figures 5 to 7The present invention also proposes a mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device. The mountain tunnel includes a prefabricated segment 100 with a segment hand hole 101. The segment hand hole 101 is penetrated by a segment bolt 200. The mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device is applied as the mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device mentioned above. The mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device includes a supporting structure 300 and a limiting cylinder 400. The supporting structure 300 is hung on the segment bolt 200. The supporting structure 300 extends from the arch waist of the mountain tunnel to the arch foot of the mountain tunnel; the limiting cylinder 400 is connected to the supporting structure 300. The limiting cylinder 400 is arranged close to the arch foot of the mountain tunnel. The mounting cylinder 10 is mounted on the limiting cylinder 400, and the mounting cylinder 10 extends in the horizontal direction.

[0096] Specifically, the limiting cylinder 400 is connected to the supporting structure 300 and is arranged near the arch foot of the mountain tunnel. This arrangement enables the limiting cylinder 400 to effectively monitor the water accumulation in the lower sections of the mountain tunnel, thereby enhancing the comprehensiveness of the detection. The mounting cylinder 10 is fixed to the limiting cylinder 400 and extends in the horizontal direction to facilitate the installation and operation of the water accumulation monitoring device. The horizontal extension design of the mounting cylinder 10 helps to optimize the monitoring layout, prevent the water accumulation in the mountain tunnel from accumulating on the top of the mounting cylinder 10 and affecting the water level monitoring results, and enable the mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring equipment to fully play its role in the environment of the mountain tunnel.

[0097] It should be understood that the specific structure of the mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device refers to the above-mentioned embodiment. Since the mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device adopts all the technical solutions of all the above-mentioned embodiments, it at least has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here. Among them, the limiting cylinder 400 and the installation cylinder 10 ensure the accuracy of the mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device during the monitoring process. The limiting cylinder 400 is firmly connected to the support structure 300, and the installation cylinder 10 extends in the horizontal direction, so that the mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device has the best layout position, and the installation cylinder 10 can be more accurately positioned in the water accumulation area, thereby improving the accuracy of data collection.

[0098] Please continue reading Figure 7In an embodiment of the present invention, the support structure 300 includes a support frame 310, a hanging ear 320 and a clamping ring 330. The support frame 310 extends from the arch waist of the mountain tunnel to the arch foot of the mountain tunnel. The support frame 310 is spaced apart from the prefabricated pipe segment 100. One end of the hanging ear 320 is connected to the support frame 310, and the other end of the hanging ear 320 is hung on the pipe segment bolt 200. The clamping ring 330 is arranged on the support frame 310, and the clamping ring 330 is used to clamp the external main optical fiber 500; wherein, a wiring space 301 is formed inside the support frame 310, and the support frame 310 has a wiring space 301. A drainage outlet 302 connected to the bottom of the wiring space 301 is formed at the bottom, an opening 303 connected to the top of the wiring space 301 is formed on the inner wall of the clamping ring 330, an opening 304 connected to the wiring space 301 is formed on the side wall of the limiting cylinder 400, and a through hole 305 connected to the opening 304 is formed on the installation cylinder 10; the main optical fiber 500 is optically connected to one end of the branch optical fiber 600, and the other end of the branch optical fiber 600 extends from the opening 303 into the wiring space 301, and extends into the through hole 305 through the opening 304 and is optically connected to the sensing mechanism 50.

[0099] It should be noted that the clamping ring 330 is made of flexible material to protect the optical fiber from damage. The main optical fiber 500 and the branch optical fiber 600 are both prior art, and the main optical fiber 500 is optically connected to a light source and an optical receiver in the prior art.

[0100] Specifically, the support frame 310 extends from the arch waist to the arch foot of the mountain tunnel, and is spaced apart from the prefabricated pipe segment 100, so that the support frame 310 can stably support the monitoring equipment while avoiding direct contact with the tunnel structure, reducing interference during the installation process. One end of the hanging ear 320 is connected to the support frame 310, and the other end is hung on the pipe segment bolt 200, ensuring a stable connection between the equipment and the tunnel. The setting of the hanging ear 320 makes installation and disassembly more convenient, while improving the stability and seismic resistance of the equipment. The clamping ring 330 is provided on the support frame 310, and is used to clamp the external main optical fiber 500. The inner wall of the clamping ring 330 forms an opening 303, which is connected to the top of the wiring space 301, ensuring that the branch optical fiber 600 can safely pass through the support structure 300 and maintain an optical signal connection with the sensing mechanism 50 inside the equipment.

[0101] More specifically, a wiring space 301 is formed inside the support frame 310 to facilitate wiring management. A drain port 302 is provided at the bottom of the wiring space 301 to ensure that water does not accumulate inside the device and extend the service life. An opening 304 is provided on the side wall of the limiting cylinder 400, which is connected to the wiring space 301 so that the branch optical fiber 600 can pass smoothly. A through hole 305 is provided on the installation cylinder 10, which is connected to the opening 304 to ensure that the optical fiber can be correctly connected to the sensing mechanism 50 to achieve efficient transmission of optical signals.

[0102] In this embodiment, the extension of the support frame 310 and the wiring space 301 ensure the connection stability and safety of the main optical fiber 500, the branch optical fiber 600 and the sensing mechanism 50; the hanging ear 320 provides a convenient installation method; the clamping ring 330 protects the integrity of the optical fiber. The adaptability and durability of the mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring equipment in the complex mountain tunnel environment are improved, and the accuracy and efficiency of water accumulation monitoring in the mountain tunnel are improved.

[0103] As an optional implementation of this embodiment, the main optical fiber 500 extends along the center line of the tunnel, and the two ends of the main optical fiber 500 are respectively connected to a light source and an optical receiver by optical signals. The light is emitted from the light source and transmitted through the main optical fiber 500. In the wiring space 301, the optical signal is shunted to the branch optical fiber 600 and transmitted to the FBG sensor, i.e., the sensing mechanism 50. The FBG sensor uses the reflection characteristics of the fiber Bragg grating. When the water level changes and causes strain, the trigger mechanism 40 squeezes the fiber Bragg grating of the FBG sensor, and the reflection wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating shifts. The optical receiver detects the change in the wavelength of the reflected light and calculates the water level information.

[0104] As another optional implementation of this embodiment, the main optical fiber 500 extends along the center line of the tunnel in a U-shaped bend arrangement, and the two ends of the main optical fiber 500 are respectively connected to a light source and a light receiver for optical signals. The light source and the light receiver are arranged on the same side, and the light propagates back and forth in the U-shaped path, increasing the length of the monitoring path to improve the sensitivity of water level monitoring.

[0105] Please continue reading Figures 1 to 7 , and see Figure 8 The present invention also proposes a mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring method. The mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring method uses the mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device as described above. The mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring method includes:

[0106] Step S10, the sensing mechanism 50 senses the squeezing force of the trigger mechanism 40 and generates a sensing signal;

[0107] Step S20, generating a sensing parameter according to the sensing signal; wherein the sensing parameter is a water pressure change value of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel;

[0108] Step S30, obtaining the density of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel and generating a water density value;

[0109] Step S40: Obtain the depth value of the water accumulation in the mountain tunnel according to the sensing parameter and the water density value to monitor the depth of the water accumulation in the mountain tunnel.

[0110] In step S10, the sensing mechanism 50 may be a fiber grating sensor (FBG). When the water in the mountain tunnel reaches a certain level, the trigger mechanism 40 is affected by the change in water pressure and squeezes the sensing mechanism 50. The FBG senses the squeezing force through the change in wavelength and generates a corresponding sensing signal. This signal reflects the real-time change in water pressure and is the basis for subsequent calculations.

[0111] In step S20, the sensing signal is analyzed by the generating module 52 and converted into a sensing parameter. The generating module 52 calculates the corresponding water pressure change value according to the wavelength change detected by the FBG. This parameter directly reflects the pressure change of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel on the trigger mechanism 40, and provides key data for the depth calculation of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel.

[0112] In step S30, the water density value may be obtained through a preset value or field measurement, so as to be used in the calculation to convert the water pressure change into the depth change.

[0113] In step S40, the depth of the water in the mountain tunnel is calculated using a physical formula by combining the sensing parameter (the water pressure change value) and the water density value. The calculation is based on the fluid statics formula, and the depth is equal to the water pressure divided by the density and the acceleration of gravity. The depth value obtained can monitor the water accumulation in the mountain tunnel in real time and respond to the water level change in a timely manner.

[0114] In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of generating a sensing parameter according to the sensing signal comprises:

[0115] Step S21, generating the sensing parameter according to formula 1 and the sensing signal;

[0116] The formula 1 is:

[0117]

[0118] Wherein, ΔP is the water pressure change value of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel, Δλ is the wavelength change value of the sensing signal, and λ B is the initial Bragg wavelength value, k is the preset sensitivity coefficient of the sensing mechanism 50, and C is the preset amplification factor;

[0119] The step of obtaining the depth of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel according to the sensing parameter and the accumulated water density value to monitor the depth of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel comprises:

[0120] Step S41, obtaining the depth value of the water accumulation in the mountain tunnel according to Formula 2, the sensing parameter and the water density value, so as to monitor the depth of the water accumulation in the mountain tunnel;

[0121] The formula 2 is:

[0122]

[0123] Wherein, h is the depth of water in the mountain tunnel, and ρ s is the water density value, and g is the gravitational acceleration.

[0124] In one example, 1010 kg / m 3 ≤ρ s ≤1030kg / m 3 , the actual s The value is 1020kg / m 3 .

[0125] λ B =1550nm, k=1.5*10 -3 nm / Pa, g=9.81m / s 2 C = 1*10 5 . It was measured that Δλ=0.01nm.

[0126]

[0127] It should be understood that since the wavelength change of the sensing mechanism 50 of the FBG sensor caused by the water pressure change of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel is extremely small, in order to improve the monitoring accuracy, it is necessary to set a preset amplification factor to more sensitively reflect the depth of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel, that is, the water level change.

[0128] As an optional implementation of this embodiment, multiple sensing mechanisms 50 can be arranged at intervals along the circumference of the mountain tunnel, with the lowest sensing mechanism 50 being arranged at a distance of 10 cm from the arch foot of the support frame 310, and the highest sensing mechanism 50 being arranged at a distance of 30 cm from the arch foot of the support frame 310. The depth of water accumulation in the mountain tunnel can be vaguely confirmed by the change of the optical signal sensed by the optical receiver, thereby simplifying the monitoring process of water accumulation in the mountain tunnel and making it easier to manage and implement. Multiple sensing mechanisms 50 are optically connected to the main optical fiber 500 from bottom to top or respectively through the branch optical fiber 600.

[0129] Obviously, by using the known tunnel size, the volume of accumulated water in the mountain tunnel can also be obtained using the mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device mentioned above and the density and volume formulas in the prior art to obtain richer mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring information.

[0130] The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device, characterized in that: include: A mounting tube (10), wherein two ends of the mounting tube (10) along its axial direction are respectively a trigger end (11) and a mounting end (12); A buffer component (20), wherein the mounting end (12) of the mounting tube (10) is sleeved outside the buffer component (20); A guide assembly (30), the inner wall of the installation cylinder (10) being mounted with the guide assembly (30), the guide assembly (30) extending in the axial direction of the installation cylinder (10); A trigger mechanism (40), the trigger mechanism (40) being mounted on a trigger end (11) of the mounting tube (10), and the trigger mechanism (40) being slidably mounted on the guide assembly (30) along the axial direction of the mounting tube (10); A sensing mechanism (50), wherein the sensing mechanism (50) is installed in the installation tube (10), and the sensing mechanism (50) is arranged between the buffer component (20) and the trigger mechanism (40); The trigger mechanism (40) is used to slide along the axial direction of the installation tube (10) toward the sensing mechanism (50) and squeeze the sensing mechanism (50) under the action of the water pressure of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel, so that the sensing mechanism (50) senses the squeezing force of the trigger mechanism (40) to monitor the depth of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel.

2. The mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide assembly (30) comprises a guide plate (31), a baffle plate (32) and an end plate (33); the guide plate (31) is installed on the inner wall of the mounting tube (10); the guide plate (31) extends along the axial direction of the mounting tube (10); the two ends of the guide plate (31) along the extension direction are respectively connected to the baffle plate (32) and the end plate (33); the baffle plate (32) and the end plate (33) both extend along the radial direction of the mounting tube (10); the trigger mechanism (40) is slidably installed between the end plate (33) and the baffle plate (32) along the axial direction of the mounting tube (10).

3. The mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The trigger mechanism (40) comprises a slider (41), a contact (42) and an elastic membrane (43); the elastic membrane (43) covers the trigger end (11) of the mounting tube (10); the slider (41) is slidably mounted between the end plate (33) and the baffle plate (32) along the axial direction of the mounting tube (10); the elastic membrane (43) abuts against the slider (41) on the side facing the mounting end (12); a ball (44) is arranged between the circumferential side wall of the slider (41) and the guide plate (31); The contact (42) is connected to one end of the slider (41) facing the sensing mechanism (50); the elastic membrane (43) is used to be recessed toward the mounting end (12) under the action of the water pressure of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel, so as to drive the slider (41) and the contact (42) to slide along the axial direction of the mounting tube (10) toward the sensing mechanism (50) and squeeze the sensing mechanism (50), so that the sensing mechanism (50) senses the squeezing force of the contact (42) to monitor the depth of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel.

4. The mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The buffer assembly (20) comprises an end cover (21), a base (22) and a buffer block (23); the end cover (21) is threadedly connected to the mounting end (12) of the mounting tube (10); the base (22) is connected to a side of the end cover (21) facing the trigger end (11); the buffer block (23) is mounted on the base (22); the buffer block (23) and the trigger mechanism (40) are spaced apart; and the sensing mechanism (50) is arranged between the buffer block (23) and the trigger mechanism (40).

5. The mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The sensing mechanism (50) comprises: A sensing module (51) for sensing the squeezing force of the trigger mechanism (40); A generating module (52) for generating sensing parameters according to the squeezing force of the trigger mechanism (40); A solution module (53) is used to solve the sensing parameter equation according to the sensing parameter to obtain the depth parameter of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel; A monitoring module (54) is used to monitor the depth of accumulated water in the mountain tunnel according to the depth parameter.

6. The mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sensing module (51) is an optical fiber sensor.

7. A hydrological environment monitoring device for a mountain tunnel, the mountain tunnel comprising a prefabricated segment (100) having a segment hand hole (101), wherein a segment bolt (200) is inserted into the segment hand hole (101), characterized in that: The mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is used, wherein the mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device comprises: A support structure (300), wherein the support structure (300) is hung on the segment bolts (200), and the support structure (300) extends from the arch waist of the mountain tunnel toward the arch foot of the mountain tunnel; A limiting cylinder (400), the limiting cylinder (400) is connected to the supporting structure (300), the limiting cylinder (400) is arranged close to the arch foot of the mountain tunnel, the mounting cylinder (10) is mounted on the limiting cylinder (400), and the mounting cylinder (10) extends in a horizontal direction.

8. The mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The support structure (300) comprises a support frame (310), a hanging ear (320) and a clamping ring (330); the support frame (310) extends from the arch waist of the mountain tunnel toward the arch foot of the mountain tunnel; the support frame (310) and the prefabricated pipe segment (100) are arranged at intervals; one end of the hanging ear (320) is connected to the support frame (310); the other end of the hanging ear (320) is hung on the pipe segment bolt (200); the clamping ring (330) is arranged on the support frame (310); and the clamping ring (330) is used to clamp the external main optical fiber (500); A wiring space (301) is formed inside the support frame (310), a drainage port (302) connected to the bottom of the wiring space (301) is formed at the bottom of the support frame (310), an opening (303) connected to the top of the wiring space (301) is formed on the inner wall of the clamping ring (330), an opening (304) connected to the wiring space (301) is formed on the side wall of the limiting cylinder (400), and a through hole (305) connected to the opening (304) is formed on the installation cylinder (10); the main optical fiber (500) is optically connected to one end of the branch optical fiber (600), and the other end of the branch optical fiber (600) extends from the opening (303) into the wiring space (301), and extends into the through hole (305) through the opening (304) to be optically connected to the sensing mechanism (50).

9. A method for monitoring the hydrological environment of a mountain tunnel, characterized in that: Using the mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring device as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, the mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring method comprises: The sensing mechanism (50) senses the squeezing force of the trigger mechanism (40) and generates a sensing signal; Generate a sensing parameter according to the sensing signal; wherein the sensing parameter is a water pressure change value of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel; Obtaining the density of accumulated water in the mountain tunnel and generating a water density value; According to the sensing parameter and the water density value, the depth value of the water in the mountain tunnel is obtained to monitor the depth of the water in the mountain tunnel.

10. The mountain tunnel hydrological environment monitoring method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step of generating a sensing parameter according to the sensing signal comprises: Generate the sensing parameter according to formula 1 and the sensing signal; The formula 1 is: Wherein, ΔP is the water pressure change value of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel, Δλ is the wavelength change value of the sensing signal, and λ B is the initial Bragg wavelength value, k is the preset sensitivity coefficient of the sensing mechanism (50), and C is the preset amplification coefficient; The step of obtaining the depth of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel according to the sensing parameter and the accumulated water density value to monitor the depth of the accumulated water in the mountain tunnel comprises: According to Formula 2, the sensing parameter and the water density value, a depth value of the water in the mountain tunnel is obtained to monitor the depth of the water in the mountain tunnel; The formula 2 is: Wherein, h is the depth of water in the mountain tunnel, and ρ s is the water density value, and g is the gravitational acceleration.

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