High-speed remote laser action effect evaluation system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser action evaluation, in particular to a high-speed remote laser action effect evaluation system and method. Visible or infrared radiation of a measured object passes through the optical system and then enters the spectroscope group; the spectroscope group comprises a plurality of spectroscopes, the spectroscopes are used for splitting the laser beams after receiving the laser beams and respectively outputting reflection beams and transmission beams propagating along a transmission light path, the reflection beams enter the detection channel, and the transmission beams enter the next spectroscope; each spectroscope is connected with a detection channel, and the detection channels are connected with a data storage module; the spectrograph collects the light beam emitted by the last spectroscope for spectral data processing, and transmits the data to the data storage module; the high-speed camera, the intelligent learning module and the effect evaluation module are connected with the data storage module. The method has the advantages that follow-up decisions are guided based on the laser action degree; the method has the advantages of high detection frame frequency, small redundancy quantity, simple data processing and the like, and effectively improves the laser action effect judgment speed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser action evaluation, and in particular to a high-speed long-distance laser action effect evaluation system and method. Background Art

[0002] With the development of laser application technology, lasers can be widely used in remote defense, welding, cladding, additive manufacturing, foreign body removal (high-voltage line hanging objects, ice, pollutants, etc.) after integration with the launch system. In order to achieve remote and efficient evaluation of laser effect, an advanced laser effect evaluation system is designed based on spectrum and image recognition technology. The system can monitor in real time the changes in the physical structure and chemical properties of the target when it is irradiated by laser. Through this continuous monitoring, the system can evaluate the degree of laser effect on the target, optimize the laser action strategy, and decide whether to continue to project laser energy to a specific area. The system has broad application prospects for improving the working efficiency of remote laser equipment.

[0003] Utilize advanced laser effect evaluation technology to optimize the laser system response strategy, thereby reducing the power and irradiation time required for the laser to act on the target, thereby improving the working efficiency of the laser system. In the prior art, traditional damage assessment methods cannot be evaluated remotely and efficiently. For example, the invention patent application with publication number CN118351476A, publication date July 16, 2024, and invention name "Intelligent Damage Assessment Method, Device, Equipment, Medium and Program Product" reveals a method for evaluating target damage by traditional weapons. This method is based on a trained damage assessment model, and extracts features from target images and multiple sensor data to obtain damage assessment results. At the same time, these features can also be used to train damage assessment models. However, this system is mainly aimed at damage assessment of traditional weapons and is not suitable for real-time effect evaluation during laser irradiation. The invention patent application with publication number CN117213315A, publication date December 12, 2023, and invention name "A method for evaluating the effect of laser damage to drones combined with lightning" discloses a drone target damage effect evaluation technology, which automatically evaluates the damage by analyzing the changes in parameters such as the motion posture and amplitude dispersion coefficient when the target is hit, and obtains the final damage assessment result by fusing information from different sensors. However, this method is mainly used to determine whether the target is effectively shot down, and cannot provide specific information about the surface damage of the target or the effect of the material. The invention patent with publication number CN110926533B, publication date August 2, 2022, and invention name "Device and method for real-time measurement of multiple parameters in laser damage" discloses a device that can measure key parameters in the laser damage process in real time. The device includes a water-cooled integrating sphere, a high-speed camera, a spectrometer, and multiple sensor components, which can simultaneously measure the ablation mass loss rate, impulse coupling coefficient, ablation backsplash characteristics, and target damage morphology of the target. This method can provide multiple detailed key measurement data, but this measurement is mainly carried out on the ground and cannot demonstrate the characteristics of remote operation and high timeliness.

[0004] In view of the requirements of specific application scenarios, the laser effect evaluation system needs to conduct a more in-depth analysis of the material physical and chemical properties, internal structure and morphological changes of the distant target during the ablation process. At the same time, the system should also have the characteristics of fast response speed and long action distance. However, the current technical level has not yet reached the requirements of such a comprehensive guidance laser equipment effect evaluation system.

[0005] However, there are several related technologies such as temperature measurement, target recognition, spectral analysis for surface state detection, and analysis methods based on intelligent learning. These technologies can be integrated and used to assess the degree of laser ablation on the target. During the laser action process, the material properties, internal structure and morphological changes of the target should also be monitored in real time and referenced to the pre-stored database to evaluate the effect of the laser and predict the time required for the material properties to change in stages. However, current technology has obvious deficiencies in remotely monitoring the series of changes that occur when the target is subjected to laser ablation. The related technologies of the laser effect evaluation system mainly have the following deficiencies: (1) Slow response speed. In high-intensity defense or high-precision welding or cleaning operation scenarios, the laser evaluation system must be able to respond quickly because effective laser irradiation usually needs to be completed within a time window of seconds or shorter. Therefore, it becomes extremely challenging to capture and process a large amount of data in real time during this process. Since data processing and analysis take a long time, it is difficult to monitor the ablation status of the target in real time. In order to improve the evaluation efficiency, it is necessary to pre-build a large database or target ablation model so that the ablation effect can be efficiently evaluated by fast vector matching of captured data. In terms of spectral information analysis, processing large spectral data sets is also extremely time-consuming. Therefore, after the target characteristics are known, several key spectral bands should be used for targeted monitoring to optimize resource utilization and analysis speed. Based on the detected radiation spectrum and characteristic spectrum data, the component intensity and spectral line shape can be obtained by matrix reconstruction method, a mainstream transient absorption spectrum global fitting algorithm. This method can extract key information from complex spectral data and accelerate the evaluation process of the target ablation status.

[0006] (2) Insufficient captured information. In laser ablation research, real-time monitoring of the temperature dynamics of the target object is a basic requirement. More importantly, it is necessary to be able to observe in real time the series of complex physical and chemical transformations that the target undergoes. By fusing the ablation images captured by high-speed imaging technology with spectral analysis data, a more comprehensive assessment of the multiple ablation stages of the target under the action of the laser can be made, such as rapid heating, oxidation, melting, and volatilization. Spectral data can be used to deeply analyze the microstructural changes, phase transitions, and real-time changes in thermophysical properties (such as thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, etc.) of the target material under the action of the laser. This identification of different ablation stages and determination of material property changes requires a spectral information database specifically for laser ablation scenarios. This spectral database contains the staged response data and ablation characteristic indicators of various categories of targets, which can provide an accurate scientific basis for the evaluation of laser effect.

[0007] (3) Insufficient database and lack of autonomous learning ability. In laser irradiation applications, the system may encounter unknown targets that are not pre-stored in the database. In the face of such situations, the system should have an autonomous learning function. By capturing changes in spectral lines and referring to the spectral characteristics of general materials, the system can automatically determine the target's staged behavior and material property changes under the action of the laser, and make corresponding classifications. In addition, the system comprehensively analyzes spectral information and imaging data to generate multiple sets of data sets corresponding to different effects, providing the necessary conditions for rapid and accurate identification and evaluation of subsequent laser action process events. The system also needs to have dynamic correction capabilities to instantly update the relationship between captured information and ablation results to improve its recognition accuracy and the reliability of the results. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a high-speed long-distance laser effect evaluation system and method.

[0009] The first object of the present invention is to provide a high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system, comprising: an optical system, a spectrometer, a spectroscope group, a detection channel, a data storage module, an intelligent learning module, and an effect evaluation module; The visible or infrared radiation of the object to be measured is incident on the beam splitter group after passing through the optical system; the beam splitter group includes a number of beam splitters arranged in sequence, which receive the laser beam and split it, and respectively output a reflected beam and a transmitted beam propagating along the transmission light path, the reflected beam enters the detection channel, and the transmitted beam enters the next beam splitter; each beam splitter is connected to a detection channel, and the detection channel is connected to the data storage module; The spectrometer collects the light beam emitted by the last spectroscope to process the spectrum data, and transmits the processed data to the data storage module; The high-speed camera captures the ablation morphology of the target surface and extracts feature information, which is then converted into a one-dimensional matching vector with laser action characteristics and transmitted to the data storage module; The intelligent learning module is connected to the data storage module to intelligently process, analyze and classify the input data; The effect evaluation module receives the data from the data storage module and performs comparative evaluation, and comprehensively gives the effect of the laser on the target.

[0010] Preferably, the detection channel is composed of a filter component and a photodetector; the reflected light beam is filtered by the filter component and then received by the photodetector.

[0011] Preferably, the filter assembly is a filter or a filter wheel.

[0012] Preferably, the spectroscope group includes six spectroscopes arranged in sequence; the number of the detection channels is six; the first to fourth groups of detection channels are composed of filters and photodetectors, which are used to detect the radiation spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process; the fifth to sixth groups of detection channels are composed of filter wheels and photodetectors, which are used to detect the characteristic spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process.

[0013] Preferably, the central wavelengths of the filters in the first to fourth groups of detection channels are all located within the atmosphere transmission window, and the filters are bandpass filters.

[0014] Preferably, the central wavelengths of the filters in the first to fourth groups of detection channels are 0.4-1 μm, 3-4 μm, 7-8 μm and 10-11 μm, respectively.

[0015] Preferably, the spectral data processing includes background dark current removal, wavelength calibration and absolute radiation intensity calibration.

[0016] The second object of the present invention is to provide a laser effect evaluation method, which uses a laser effect evaluation system to perform evaluation, and specifically includes the following steps: S1. The object to be measured is irradiated with laser, and the infrared radiation or characteristic spectrum radiation generated by the object to be measured propagates through the atmosphere into the optical system of the high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system, and first enters the first beam splitter; S2. The first beam splitter receives the visible or infrared radiation generated by the object to be measured and splits it, and outputs a reflected light beam and a transmitted light beam propagating along the transmission light path respectively; the reflected light beam enters the detection channel, and the transmitted light beam enters the next beam splitter; the spectrometer collects the light beam emitted by the last beam splitter and transmits it to the external data of the data storage module; S3. The detection channel detects the radiation spectrum and characteristic spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process, and transmits the radiation spectrum and characteristic spectrum information to the external data of the data storage module; S4. The high-speed camera captures the ablation morphology of the target surface and extracts characteristic information, converts the image data captured during the laser ablation process into a one-dimensional matching vector with laser action characteristics, and transmits it to the external data of the data storage module; S5. The data storage module inputs the received external data into the intelligent learning module to intelligently process, analyze and classify the data, store the spectral information corresponding to the key ablation degree and the ablation image data into the internal data of the data storage module and establish a laser ablation model; S6. Input the internal data and external data in the data storage module into the effect evaluation module for comparative evaluation, establish the correlation between the effect of laser on the material, and give a comprehensive evaluation conclusion of the effect of laser on the target.

[0017] Preferably, in step S3, a global fitting algorithm for transient absorption spectrum is used to fit the component intensities and fitting line shapes of the radiation spectrum and the characteristic spectrum, and the results are transmitted to the external data of the data storage module.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: The present invention proposes a high-speed, long-distance laser effect evaluation system. This system can judge the ablation status of the target by analyzing spectral data and ablation images, and guide subsequent decisions based on the degree of laser action: whether to maintain the current laser action plan or stop laser output to improve work efficiency. In view of the limited power resources, the system design needs to consider the rational management of energy to ensure the maximum work efficiency within the limited energy budget. The photoelectric point detector is used to carry out targeted monitoring of the target characteristic spectrum, which has the advantages of high detection frame rate, small redundancy, and simple data processing, and can effectively improve the speed of laser effect evaluation and judgment. In addition, the design principle and implementation method of the system also provide potential application possibilities for laser remote welding, additive manufacturing, and foreign matter removal technology, and is expected to be expanded and applied in this field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a real picture of the laser action during the simulation experiment of the high-speed long-distance laser action effect evaluation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a curve showing the change of spectrum distribution over time during a typical laser action process provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Reference numerals: 1. Optical system; 2. High-speed camera; 3. A second photodetector; 4. A fourth photodetector; 5. Sixth photodetector; 6. Second filter; 7. The fourth filter; 8. Second filter wheel; 9. A first photodetector; 10. A third photodetector; 11. The fifth photodetector; 12. The first filter; 13. The third filter; 14. The first filter wheel; 15. Data storage module; 16. Intelligent learning module; 17. Spectrometer; 18. Effect evaluation module; 19. The first spectroscope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, the same modules are represented by the same reference numerals. In the case of the same reference numerals, their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, the detailed description thereof will not be repeated.

[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0025] The present invention provides a high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system, comprising an optical system, a spectrometer, a spectroscope group, a detection channel, a data storage module, an intelligent learning module, and an effect evaluation module; The visible or infrared radiation of the object to be measured passes through the optical system and is incident on the beam splitter group; the beam splitter group includes a number of beam splitters arranged in sequence, which receive the laser beam and split it, and respectively output a reflected beam and a transmitted beam propagating along the transmission light path, the reflected beam enters the detection channel, and the transmitted beam enters the next beam splitter; the spectrometer collects the light beam emitted by the last beam splitter for spectral data processing, and transmits the processed data to the external data of the data storage module; Each beam splitter is connected to a detection channel, which is composed of a filter component and a photoelectric detector; the reflected light beam is filtered by the filter component and then received by the photoelectric detector; The filter assembly includes a filter and a filter wheel; the first four detection channels are composed of filters and photodetectors, the filters can be bandpass filters, mainly detecting the radiation spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process, and using filters with different central wavelengths (for example but not limited to 0.88μm, 3.4μm, 7.4μm, 10.6μm), respectively. These wavelengths are located within the atmospheric transmission window to reduce the absorption and scattering effects of the atmosphere on radiation. The optical signal of each detection channel is generated by a photodetector of the corresponding band; the last two detection channels are composed of a filter wheel and a photodetector, mainly used to detect the characteristic spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process; the detection channel transmits the received radiation spectrum and characteristic spectrum information to the external data of the data storage module; The high-speed camera captures the ablation morphology of the target surface and extracts feature information, converts the image data captured during the laser ablation process into a one-dimensional matching vector with laser action characteristics, and transmits it to the external data of the data storage module; The data storage module inputs the received external data into the intelligent learning module to intelligently process, analyze and classify the data, stores the spectral information corresponding to the key ablation degree and the ablation image data into the internal data of the data storage module and establishes a laser ablation model; The internal data and external data in the data storage module are input into the effect evaluation module, and the internal data and external data are compared and evaluated to establish the correlation between the effect of the laser on the material, and comprehensively give the effect of the laser on the target.

[0026] Specifically, the spectral data processing includes background dark current removal, wavelength calibration and blackbody radiation calibration.

[0027] The present invention provides a laser effect evaluation method, which uses the above-mentioned laser effect evaluation system to perform evaluation, and specifically includes the following steps: S1. The object to be measured is irradiated with laser. As the laser energy accumulates, the object to be measured begins to heat up or ablate. The infrared radiation or characteristic spectrum radiation generated thereby propagates through the atmosphere into the optical system of the high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system and is first incident on the first beam splitter; S2. The first beam splitter receives the laser beam and splits it, and outputs a reflected beam and a transmitted beam propagating along the transmission light path respectively. The reflected beam enters the detection channel, and the transmitted beam enters the next beam splitter; the spectrometer collects the beam emitted by the last beam splitter and transmits it to the external data of the data storage module; S3. The first to fourth detection channels detect the radiation spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process, and the fifth to sixth detection channels detect the characteristic spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process; the radiation spectrum and characteristic spectrum information are transmitted to the external data of the data storage module; Specifically, a transient absorption spectrum global fitting algorithm such as a matrix recombination method is used to fit the component intensity and fitting line shape of the radiation spectrum and the characteristic spectrum, and transmit them to the external data of the data storage module; S4. The high-speed camera captures the ablation morphology of the target surface and extracts characteristic information, converts the image data captured during the laser ablation process into a one-dimensional matching vector with laser action characteristics, and transmits it to the external data of the data storage module; S5. The data storage module inputs the received external data into the intelligent learning module to intelligently process, analyze and classify the data, store the spectral information corresponding to the key ablation degree and the ablation image data into the internal data of the data storage module and establish a laser ablation model; S6. Input the internal data and external data in the data storage module into the effect evaluation module for comparative evaluation, establish the correlation between the effect of the laser on the material, and comprehensively give the effect of the laser on the target.

[0028] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system, including an optical system 1, a spectroscope group, a detection channel, a data storage module 15, an intelligent learning module 16, a spectrometer 17, and an effect evaluation module 18; The visible or infrared radiation of the object to be measured passes through the optical system 1 and is incident on the beam splitter group; the beam splitter group includes six beam splitters arranged in sequence; the first beam splitter 19 receives the laser beam and splits it, and outputs a reflected beam and a transmitted beam propagating along the transmission light path respectively, the reflected beam enters the first detection channel, and the transmitted beam enters the next beam splitter; the spectrometer 17 collects the light beam emitted by the last beam splitter (the sixth beam splitter) and transmits it to the external data of the data storage module 15; Each beam splitter is connected to a detection channel, which is composed of a filter component and a photoelectric detector; the reflected light beam is filtered by the filter component and then received by the photoelectric detector; The filter assembly includes filters and filter wheels; the first four detection channels are composed of filters and photodetectors, which mainly detect the radiation spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process, and use filters with different central wavelengths, wherein the central wavelengths of the first filter 12, the second filter 6, the third filter 13 and the fourth filter 7 are 0.88μm, 3.4μm, 7.4μm and 10.6μm respectively (not limited to the above four wavelengths), and these wavelengths are located in the atmospheric transmission window to reduce the absorption and scattering effects of the atmosphere on radiation. The optical signal of each detection channel is respectively The photodetectors (the first photodetector 9, the second photodetector 3, the third photodetector 10 and the fourth photodetector 4) of the corresponding wavelength band receive the radiation. The last two groups of detection channels are composed of filter wheels and photodetectors. The first filter wheel 14 and the fifth photodetector 11 constitute the fifth detection channel, and the second filter wheel 8 and the sixth photodetector 5 constitute the sixth detection channel, which are mainly used to detect the characteristic spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process. The first to fourth detection channels transmit the received radiation spectrum, and the fifth to sixth detection channels transmit the characteristic spectrum information to the external data of the data storage module 15. The high-speed camera 2 captures the ablation morphology of the target surface and extracts characteristic information, converts the image data captured during the laser ablation process into a one-dimensional matching vector with laser action characteristics, and transmits it to the external data of the data storage module 15; The data storage module 15 inputs the received external data into the intelligent learning module 16 to intelligently process, analyze and classify the data, store the spectral information corresponding to the key ablation degree and the ablation image data into the internal data of the data storage module 15 and establish a laser ablation model; The internal data and external data in the data storage module 15 are input into the effect evaluation module 18, and the internal data and the external data are compared and evaluated to establish the correlation between the effect of the laser on the material, and comprehensively give the effect of the laser on the target.

[0029] Specific applications: (1) For a known target, the system can determine the surface temperature of the object by measuring the radiation spectrum response intensity through the first to fourth detection channels and combining it with the blackbody radiation calibration performed in advance; this process involves Planck's law-Wien formula: (1) In the above formula, The photodetector is the black body radiation at a certain temperature. The output intensity under is Planck's constant, is the response specific wavelength of the channel, It is the value given by the internal database after the target material is identified by the characteristic spectrum of the initial spectrum or the ablation image. The system's internal database also provides the approximate wavelength window of the characteristic peak of the target for identification. Based on this information, the system automatically rotates the filter wheel to select the appropriate filter, which is received by the corresponding photodetector. Based on the intensity of the detected radiation spectrum and characteristic spectrum, the system uses the global fitting algorithm of transient absorption spectrum such as matrix recombination method to fit the component intensity and fitting line shape.

[0030] Through the radiation spectrum and characteristic spectrum detected after calibration, the system automatically analyzes the spectral line rules according to the spectral features of the internal database, and captures the curve changes of the radiation spectrum and characteristic spectrum, such as the spectral line platform period, peak fluctuation and curve mutation rules. Combined with the image features extracted from the image taken by the high-speed camera 2, a one-dimensional matching vector with laser action characteristics is formed. The laser action effect evaluation module 18 compares the effect and the correlation relationship or evaluation model of the spectrum and image features in the data storage module 15 based on this one-dimensional vector, and reasonably gives the stage of the target in the ablation process (such as rapid heating, oxidation, melting and volatilization, etc.), as well as the microscopic local features of the material surface at different stages (involving microstructural changes, local ablation phenomena, surface roughness characteristics, the generation of tiny metal particles, etc.). After the evaluation is completed, these data are reloaded into the internal storage module as a basis for correcting the evaluation matching relationship or laser ablation model, thereby further optimizing the accuracy of the evaluation module.

[0031] (2) For unknown targets, the emission spectrum and characteristic spectrum of the target are obtained in the same way. However, since the emissivity of the surface of the object is unknown, the target does not exist in the data storage module 15; the radiation temperature of the target is not inferred from the fitted radiation spectrum of the first to fourth detection channels, but is directly calculated based on Wien's displacement law by scanning the target radiation through the analytical spectrometer 17 to determine the peak wavelength of the radiation spectrum; the calculation formula is as follows: (2) In the formula, represents the peak wavelength of the radiation, T Indicates the temperature of an object; the peak wavelength of radiation can be measured by analyzing the spectrometer scan , and then the physical surface temperature can be obtained without relying on the physical emissivity. When obtaining the characteristic spectrum, we may also encounter situations such as unknown characteristic spectrum windows. We can use the Grubbs criterion in statistics to determine the approximate wavelength window of the characteristic spectrum, and the system can automatically rotate the filter wheel to select the appropriate filter based on the wavelength window of the characteristic spectrum. At this time, the system is also based on spectral information and ablation images. Since the internal database lacks the corresponding target material ablation data, it is impossible to quickly determine the effect in real time, but the general rules of laser ablation materials can be used to quickly evaluate the effect. At this time, the evaluation system can also autonomously classify and analyze the effect based on the captured spectral information and image information, establish a new laser ablation model when necessary, and incorporate these captured information and analysis results into the data storage module 15 of the evaluation system, so as to provide conditions for rapid and accurate evaluation when ablating the same type of target next time.

[0032] Example 2 When developing a laser effect evaluation system, extensive ground experiments must be conducted to establish a database containing ablation information of various target materials under laser ablation, and when necessary, use its data to establish laser ablation models at different stages in order to quantitatively analyze the degree of ablation at a specific stage. This task requires a large amount of ground experimental support to accumulate necessary data for rapid evaluation. Taking the identification of staged changes in laser ablation of 2A12 aluminum alloy as an example, the evaluation process first needs to obtain spectral data processed by standardized steps (including background dark current removal, wavelength calibration, and blackbody radiation calibration). These spectral data, combined with the ablation image information captured by a high-speed camera, enable the classification of different ablation stages of 2A12 aluminum alloy; as shown in Table 1.

[0033] Table 1 Phased changes in the laser effect on 2A12 aluminum alloy

[0034] The evaluation system encodes the stage number, spectral features and image features to form a matching vector; the stage number is used to identify the rationality of the order in which the spectral features and image features appear. Abnormal stage numbers, such as stage number 4 appearing earlier than other numbers, will cause the ablation evaluation module to report an error and output an error message; and the matching vector is the basis for matching the externally captured feature data with the internally stored feature data. Table 1 shows the initial stage changes in the laser effect of 2A12 aluminum alloy. If the laser ablation process is understood more accurately, additional spectral line change identification features can be introduced, such as spectral line change curvature or fluctuation range, to further optimize the ablation evaluation database.

[0035] When the laser acts on the 2A12 aluminum alloy target again, the filter wheel is quickly switched to the corresponding characteristic spectrum band according to the system's built-in database information to capture effective spectral information. After a series of spectral calibrations, the spectral information of 6 channels is obtained. The spectral line shape of the coupling between the radiation spectrum and the characteristic spectrum is fitted by the matrix recombination method, one of the mainstream transient absorption spectrum global fitting algorithms. Under the condition of known target emissivity, the target surface temperature can be solved by the radiation spectrum information obtained by the four-channel photodetector. However, for 2A12 aluminum alloy, in the initial state of irradiation, since the continuous spectrum almost does not exist, only two characteristic peaks of the laser are observed in the spectrum. This situation is consistent with the spectral information law built into the system. In the first three stages of Table 1, no radiation spectrum appears. This is because the aluminum alloy itself has a low surface absorptivity and a high heat transfer coefficient, and its coupling efficiency with the laser is poor. Therefore, the thermal radiation spectrum appears late, and it is difficult to obtain more accurate multi-spectral temperature measurement results through it. In addition, within about 80 seconds of laser irradiation, the pump peak and the laser emission peak experienced a "plateau period", which indicates that the effect of the aluminum alloy is in the first stage in Table 1.

[0036] After irradiation lasts for about 80 seconds, the peak of the discrete spectrum is no longer stable, that is, it leaves the so-called "plateau period". According to the second stage in Table 1, the surface shape and reflectivity of the target material begin to change at this time, the metal aluminum inside the target material melts and the high-melting-point oxide film covers the liquid aluminum, but no significant deformation occurs. When the characteristic spectrum shows great up and down fluctuations, it indicates that the ablation characteristics of the aluminum alloy have entered the third stage, the deformation of the aluminum alloy target material further increases, and the slight local surface deformation will significantly change the intensity of its corresponding characteristic peak, and the longer the detection distance of the spectrometer, the more so. The phenomenon observed after 136 seconds of laser irradiation is the sudden increase in the intensity of the thermal radiation spectrum and the decrease in the intensity of the discrete spectrum, marking the entry into the fourth stage of ablation. This stage is characterized by the disintegration of the material structure inside the target and the violent oxidation reaction caused by the contact between liquid aluminum and oxygen. The confirmation of this stage can be carried out not only through spectral features, but also through image features captured by high-speed cameras. When it is difficult to identify the stage of ablation using a single feature, the spectral features and image features can be combined to form a matching vector with more elements and a more complex matching mechanism for a remote rapid ablation evaluation. The radiation intensity, spectral distribution and image produced by the laser effect all change with time. The changes in the spectrum and image as well as the possible characteristic spectrum serve as the comprehensive basis for evaluating the effect.

[0037] Figure 2 Shown are actual photos of the target ablation caused by laser during the simulation experiment. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the curve showing the change of spectral distribution over time during a typical laser action process is shown.

[0038] In summary, the novel laser effect evaluation system proposed in the present invention has the characteristics of remote detection and efficient evaluation. It uses four-channel spectral information to replace the traditional full-band analysis method, which improves the real-time temperature calculation rate. When the emissivity of the target material is known, the system uses the Wien formula, a variant of Planck's law, to calculate its surface temperature. For targets with unknown emissivity, the temperature of the object being measured is directly inferred with the help of Wien's displacement law. This method effectively overcomes the limitation of traditional technology that relies on emissivity. In addition to the four-channel spectrum, the system is also equipped with a multi-channel characteristic spectrum detection function, which can record in detail the spectral characteristics of the material at different ablation stages. With the help of these spectral information and combined with the real-time images of the high-speed camera, the microstructural changes, phase transition processes and real-time changes of thermophysical properties of materials at different ablation stages under the action of laser can be further explored. At the same time, the spectral characteristics corresponding to different effects and the ablation images are classified, stored in the internal storage module, and a laser ablation model is established. When re-evaluating the same target, the system will quickly and accurately evaluate the effect of the laser based on the captured spectral features and real-time images, and according to the correlation in the storage module or the specific ablation model. As the evaluation system continues to learn autonomously and data gradually accumulates, the effect evaluation criteria are updated and improved in real time, providing key support for improving the accuracy of the evaluation results.

[0039] The innovation of using multiple point detectors lies in that although there are literature reports on the evaluation scheme of remote ablation using only spectrometers, the main problem of this scheme is that the spectrometer is not targeted, the amount of redundant data is large, the use is not flexible and fast enough, and the amount of data is large under high frame rate working conditions. The literature reports that the time for software processing of 3000 spectral data is 38s, which is much higher than the time for the laser to act on the target (usually less than 10s, and the lower the better). Under low frame rate working conditions, it is easy to lose the target ablation characteristic spectral information at critical moments, affecting the timeliness and accuracy of the judgment results. The use of photoelectric point detectors to carry out targeted monitoring of target characteristic spectral bands has the advantages of high detection frame rate, small redundancy, and simple data processing, which can effectively improve the speed of ablation judgment.

[0040] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to reorder, add or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the disclosure of the present invention can be performed in parallel, sequentially or in different orders, as long as the desired results of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention can be achieved, and this document does not limit this.

[0041] The above specific implementations do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system, characterized in that: include: Optical system, spectrometer, spectroscope group, detection channel, data storage module, intelligent learning module, effect evaluation module; The visible or infrared radiation of the object to be measured is incident on the beam splitter group after passing through the optical system; the beam splitter group includes a number of beam splitters arranged in sequence, which receive the laser beam and split it, and respectively output a reflected beam and a transmitted beam propagating along the transmission light path, the reflected beam enters the detection channel, and the transmitted beam enters the next beam splitter; each beam splitter is connected to a detection channel, and the detection channel is connected to the data storage module; The spectrometer collects the light beam emitted by the last spectroscope to process the spectrum data, and transmits the processed data to the data storage module; The high-speed camera captures the ablation morphology of the target surface and extracts feature information, which is then converted into a one-dimensional matching vector with laser action characteristics and transmitted to the data storage module; The intelligent learning module is connected to the data storage module to intelligently process, analyze and classify the input data; The effect evaluation module receives the data from the data storage module and performs comparative evaluation, and comprehensively gives the effect of the laser on the target.

2. A high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection channel is composed of a filter component and a photoelectric detector; the reflected light beam is filtered by the filter component and then received by the photoelectric detector.

3. A high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The filter assembly is a filter or a filter wheel.

4. A high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spectroscope group includes six spectroscopes arranged in sequence; the number of the detection channels is six; the first to fourth detection channels are composed of filters and photodetectors, which are used to detect the radiation spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process; The fifth and sixth detection channels are composed of a filter wheel and a photodetector, and are used to detect the characteristic spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process.

5. A high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The central wavelengths of the filters in the first to fourth detection channels are all located within the atmosphere transmission window, and the filters are bandpass filters.

6. A high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The central wavelengths of the filters in the first to fourth detection channels are 0.4~1μm, 3~4μm, 7~8μm and 10~11μm respectively.

7. A high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The spectrum data processing includes background dark current removal, wavelength calibration and absolute radiation intensity calibration.

8. A method for evaluating the effect of laser action, using the laser effect evaluation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for evaluation, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. The object to be measured is irradiated with laser, and the infrared radiation or characteristic spectrum radiation generated by the object to be measured propagates through the atmosphere into the optical system of the high-speed remote laser effect evaluation system, and first enters the first beam splitter; S2. The first beam splitter receives the visible or infrared radiation generated by the object to be measured and splits it, and outputs a reflected light beam and a transmitted light beam propagating along the transmission light path respectively; the reflected light beam enters the detection channel, and the transmitted light beam enters the next beam splitter; the spectrometer collects the light beam emitted by the last beam splitter and transmits it to the external data of the data storage module; S3. The detection channel detects the radiation spectrum and characteristic spectrum generated by the object during the laser ablation process, and transmits the radiation spectrum and characteristic spectrum information to the external data of the data storage module; S4. The high-speed camera captures the ablation morphology of the target surface and extracts characteristic information, converts the image data captured during the laser ablation process into a one-dimensional matching vector with laser action characteristics, and transmits it to the external data of the data storage module; S5. The data storage module inputs the received external data into the intelligent learning module to intelligently process, analyze and classify the data, store the spectral information corresponding to the key ablation degree and the ablation image data into the internal data of the data storage module and establish a laser ablation model; S6. Input the internal data and external data in the data storage module into the effect evaluation module for comparative evaluation, establish the correlation between the effect of laser on the material, and give a comprehensive evaluation conclusion of the effect of laser on the target.

9. A laser effect evaluation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S3, a transient absorption spectrum global fitting algorithm is used to fit the component intensities and fitting line shapes of the radiation spectrum and the characteristic spectrum, and the results are transmitted to the external data of the data storage module.

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