Battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device and use method

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device and a use method, and relates to the technical field of battery pack thermal runaway, the device comprises an explosion-proof frame, the bottom of the explosion-proof frame is provided with a plurality of battery holders in a rectangular array, the center of one inner wall of the explosion-proof frame is provided with a battery thermal runaway monitoring sensor, and the battery thermal runaway monitoring sensor is connected with the explosion-proof frame. Pressure relief pipes are installed on the explosion-proof frame on the two sides of the battery thermal runaway monitoring sensor, when thermal runaway combustion explosion of a battery pack occurs, the buffer frame swings to compress the spring, the fixing plate compresses the elastic piece in the buffer frame, explosion shock waves are absorbed, explosion flames or high-temperature air are exhausted through the pressure relief pipes, and the explosion-proof effect is achieved. The impact force borne by the anti-explosion frame and the water tank is reduced, the damage of explosion is reduced, during normal use, the battery is cooled through water circularly flowing in the S-shaped cooling pipe, and when a battery pack is in thermal runaway, the water in the water tank flows onto the battery through a spring hose and a fire-fighting spray head to extinguish fire and cool the battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery pack thermal runaway, and in particular to a battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Battery thermal runaway refers to the phenomenon that when a battery is charged at a constant voltage, the current and battery temperature have a cumulative enhancement effect and gradually damage. Ordinary lead-acid batteries are filled with liquid without gaps between the positive and negative plates. During the charging process, the oxygen generated by the positive electrode cannot reach the negative electrode. The negative electrode is not depolarized and is more likely to produce hydrogen that escapes the battery along with the oxygen.

[0003] When battery thermal runaway occurs, the existing battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device has low efficiency and poor effect in handling battery pack thermal runaway while issuing an alarm. The existing method is mainly to cool the battery when the battery pack heats up. However, cooling alone cannot solve the problem of battery pack thermal runaway. In the later stage of battery pack thermal runaway, combustion or explosion will occur, and it is very rapid. Since most existing battery boxes do not have a pressure relief structure, the battery can only be allowed to blow up the battery box and surrounding components, thereby causing the entire vehicle to burn.

[0004] In view of the above problems, an improved battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device and use method are now designed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device and a method of use to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device comprises an explosion-proof frame, the bottom of the explosion-proof frame is provided with a plurality of battery seats for placing batteries in a rectangular array, a battery thermal runaway monitoring sensor is installed at the center of one of the inner walls of the explosion-proof frame, pressure relief pipes for discharging air from the explosion-proof frame are installed on the explosion-proof frames on both sides of the battery thermal runaway monitoring sensor, a water tank is provided at the upper end of the explosion-proof frame, the explosion-proof frame and the water tank are both made of steel material, the lower end of one of the side walls of the water tank is rotatably connected to the upper end of the side wall of the explosion-proof frame through a limit hinge, a pressure relief diversion mechanism for diverting and spraying flames through the pressure relief pipe when the battery burns and explodes is provided inside the explosion-proof frame, a water cooling mechanism for water-cooling the battery is provided inside the explosion-proof frame, a fire-fighting mechanism for extinguishing the battery is provided at the lower end of the water tank, and a reinforcement mechanism for pressing the water tank tightly against the upper end of the explosion-proof frame is provided on the side wall of the explosion-proof frame.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention: the pressure relief and diversion mechanism includes two fixed plates corresponding to the pressure relief pipes one by one, the fixed plates are vertically arranged inside the explosion-proof frame, one end of the fixed plates is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the explosion-proof frame on the side of the pressure relief pipe away from the battery thermal runaway monitoring sensor through a hinge, a buffer frame is slidably sleeved on the side wall of the fixed plate away from the pressure relief pipe, a spring sheet for pushing the fixed plate to extend is arranged inside the buffer frame, one end of the buffer frame away from the pressure relief pipe is inclined toward the center position of the explosion-proof frame, one end of the buffer frame away from the pressure relief pipe moves along the inner wall of the explosion-proof frame, a baffle for blocking the buffer frame is installed on the inner wall of the explosion-proof frame on the side of the buffer frame close to the center position of the explosion-proof frame, a spring for pushing the buffer frame close to the center position of the explosion-proof frame is installed on the side wall of the buffer frame away from the center position of the explosion-proof frame, one end of the spring away from the buffer frame is installed on the inner wall of the explosion-proof frame, the battery seat is arranged between the two buffer frames and the fixed plate, and an exhaust component for allowing air to flow inside the explosion-proof frame is arranged inside the pressure relief pipe.

[0008] As a further scheme of the present invention: the vacuum assembly includes a rotating shaft, which is horizontally arranged on the central axis of the pressure relief pipe, and a rotating seat is rotatably connected to the side wall of the rotating shaft, and the end of the rotating seat away from the rotating shaft is installed on the inner wall of the pressure relief pipe, one end of the rotating shaft is installed with a fan blade, and the end of the rotating shaft away from the fan blade is installed with a first pulley, a motor is installed on the side wall of the explosion-proof frame close to the pressure relief pipe, and a second pulley used in conjunction with the first pulley is installed at the output end of the motor, and belts are sleeved on the second pulley and the first pulley, an opening is opened on the side wall of the pressure relief pipe for the belt to pass through, and an air intake pipe is opened at the center of the side wall of the explosion-proof frame opposite to the pressure relief pipe, and the air intake pipe is arranged between two baffles.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: the water cooling mechanism includes a plurality of S-shaped cooling pipes parallel to each other, the S-shaped cooling pipes are vertically installed at the bottom of the explosion-proof frame near the battery seat, the input end of the S-shaped cooling pipe is installed with a second main pipe, the second main pipe is installed with a connecting pipe, the end of the connecting pipe away from the second main pipe is installed with a water pump, the water pump is installed on the inner wall of the explosion-proof frame, the input end of the water pump is installed with a water outlet pipe, the end of the water outlet pipe away from the water pump is installed at the bottom of the water tank, the output end of the S-shaped cooling pipe is installed with a first main pipe, the first main pipe is installed with a return pipe, the end of the return pipe away from the first main pipe is installed at the bottom of the water tank, the water outlet pipe and the return pipe are both provided with redundant lengths to facilitate the opening of the water tank, and the water tank is provided with a refrigeration component for intermittently cooling the water inside the water tank.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: the refrigeration assembly includes a plurality of semiconductor refrigerators corresponding one to one with the battery holder, the semiconductor refrigerators are installed on the top of the water tank directly above the battery holder, a top plate for protecting the semiconductor refrigerator is provided above the water tank, a support column for supporting the top plate is installed at the lower end of the top plate, and the lower end of the support column is installed at the upper end of the water tank.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: the fire-fighting mechanism includes a plurality of spring hoses corresponding one to one with the battery seats, the spring hoses are installed at the bottom of the water tank just above the battery seat, the lower end of the spring hose passes through the water tank and a fire sprinkler head is installed, the fire sprinkler head is covered with a fixing tube, the upper end of the fixing tube is installed at the lower end of the water tank, and the inner wall of the fixing tube is installed with a fire sprinkler head for buffering and protecting the fire sprinkler head.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the reinforcement mechanism includes a plurality of pressure plates and two parallel slide rails, both ends of the pressure plate are provided with through holes, the two slide rails are horizontally installed at the lower ends of two opposite side walls of the explosion-proof frame, a plurality of sliders are slidably connected to the slide rails, the sliders on the two slide rails correspond to each other one by one, and threaded columns used in conjunction with the through holes are vertically installed on the upper ends of the sliders, the through holes at both ends of the pressure plate are sleeved on two opposite threaded columns, and a nut for pushing the pressure plate to move downward is rotatably connected to the threaded column above the pressure plate.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: reinforcing support ribs are installed on the side walls of the pressing plate to improve the structural strength of the pressing plate and prevent the pressing plate from deforming.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: a dust cover is installed at the input end of the air inlet pipe to prevent dust from entering the explosion-proof frame.

[0015] A method for using a battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device comprises the following steps: Step 1: When opening the water tank, loosen or remove the nut, then move the slider to separate the pressure plate from the upper end of the top plate, and then the staff can open the water tank.

[0016] When closing the water tank, move the slider, and the slider drives the threaded column to move so that the threaded column is close to the side wall of the explosion-proof frame, and then put the perforations at both ends of the pressure plate on the two opposite threaded columns, and then turn the connecting nut on the threaded column thread above the pressure plate, so that the nut pushes the pressure plate downward, so that the pressure plate presses the top plate and the water tank tightly.

[0017] Step 2: When in use, the semiconductor refrigerator is started intermittently through the controller to cool the water inside the water tank, and the water pump is kept on. The water pump draws the water out of the water tank through the outlet pipe, and then transports the water to the inside of the S-shaped cooling pipe through the connecting pipe and the second main pipe. The battery is cooled by the cold water inside the S-shaped cooling pipe, and the S-shaped cooling pipe transports the water to the inside of the water tank through the first main pipe and the reflux pipe.

[0018] When in use, start the motor, the output end of the motor drives the second pulley to rotate, the second pulley drives the belt to rotate, the belt drives the first pulley to rotate, the first pulley drives the rotating shaft to rotate, the rotating shaft drives the fan blades to rotate, so that the fan blades draw out the air inside the explosion-proof frame to achieve air flow inside the explosion-proof frame.

[0019] Step 3: When the battery pack burns and explodes due to thermal runaway, the shock wave generated by the explosion acts on the buffer frame and the fixed plate, pushing the buffer frame and the fixed plate to swing, thereby compressing the spring. At the same time, the fixed plate shrinks into the buffer frame, compressing the shrapnel inside the buffer frame, thereby using the spring and the shrapnel inside the buffer frame to absorb the explosion shock wave.

[0020] At the same time, the flame and gas inside the explosion-proof frame move toward the pressure relief pipe under the guidance of the buffer frame and the fixed plate, and are discharged through the pressure relief pipe, thereby reducing the power of the explosion.

[0021] When thermal runaway of the battery pack occurs, the temperature will continue to rise. When the temperature is greater than the set value of the fire sprinkler head, the glass ball in the fire sprinkler head will break, allowing the water inside the water tank to spray onto the battery through the spring hose and the fire sprinkler head, extinguishing the fire and cooling the battery.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: When the battery pack thermal runaway combustion and explosion occurs, the buffer frame swings the compression spring, and the fixed plate compresses the shrapnel inside the buffer frame to absorb the shock wave of the explosion. At the same time, the explosion flame or high-temperature air is discharged through the pressure relief pipe, reducing the impact force on the explosion-proof frame and water tank, and reducing the damage to the vehicle body caused by the explosion.

[0023] At the same time, the fan blades inside the pressure relief pipe can accelerate the air flow inside the explosion-proof frame during normal use to cool the battery. When the battery pack experiences thermal runaway, the thick smoke can be drawn out to prevent further damage to the explosion-proof frame and water tank.

[0024] During normal use, the battery is cooled by water circulating inside the S-shaped cooling tube. When the battery pack thermally runs away, the glass ball inside the fire sprinkler head breaks, allowing the water in the water tank to flow to the battery through the spring hose and the fire sprinkler head, extinguishing the fire and cooling the battery.

[0025] At the same time, during daily use, the fire sprinkler head is buffered and protected by the spring hose and the buffer sleeve to prevent the fire sprinkler head from being collided and broken, thereby ensuring the normal use of the fire sprinkler head.

[0026] The present invention prevents the explosion-proof frame and the water tank from being separated during an explosion by pressing and fixing the top plate and the water tank with a pressing plate. Meanwhile, both the explosion-proof frame and the water tank are made of high-strength steel material, which can improve the firmness and sealing of the explosion-proof frame and the water tank. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure inside the explosion-proof frame of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the water cooling mechanism in the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air extraction component in the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fire fighting mechanism in the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pressure plate in the present invention.

[0033] Among them: 1. explosion-proof frame; 2. slider; 3. slide rail; 4. threaded column; 5. water tank; 6. support column; 7. nut; 8. pressure plate; 9. top plate; 10. pressure relief pipe; 11. motor; 12. battery thermal runaway monitoring sensor; 13. reflux pipe; 14. S-type cooling pipe; 15. water pump; 16. water outlet pipe; 17. air inlet pipe; 18. baffle; 19. spring; 20. buffer frame; 21. fixed plate; 22. semiconductor refrigerator; 23. fixed cylinder; 24. first main pipe; 25. second main pipe; 26. connecting pipe; 27. rotating seat; 28. first pulley; 29. ​​belt; 30. second pulley; 31. rotating shaft; 32. fan blade; 33. spring hose; 34. fire sprinkler head; 35. buffer sleeve; 36. perforation; 37. battery holder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] See also Figure 1-Figure 6 In an embodiment of the present invention, a battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device includes an explosion-proof frame 1, the bottom of the explosion-proof frame 1 is installed with a plurality of battery seats 37 for placing batteries in a rectangular array, a battery thermal runaway monitoring sensor 12 is installed at the center of one of the inner walls of the explosion-proof frame 1, and pressure relief pipes 10 for discharging air inside the explosion-proof frame 1 are installed on the explosion-proof frames 1 on both sides of the battery thermal runaway monitoring sensor 12, and a water tank 5 is provided at the upper end of the explosion-proof frame 1, and the explosion-proof frame 1 and the water tank 5 are both made of steel. The explosion-proof frame 1 is manufactured by rotating the lower end of one of the side walls of the water tank 5 to the upper end of the side wall of the explosion-proof frame 1 through a limit hinge, and the explosion-proof frame 1 is provided with a pressure relief diversion mechanism for diverting the flame through the pressure relief pipe 10 when the battery burns and explodes. The explosion-proof frame 1 is provided with a water cooling mechanism for water cooling the battery, and the lower end of the water tank 5 is provided with a fire-fighting mechanism for extinguishing the battery. The side wall of the explosion-proof frame 1 is provided with a reinforcement mechanism for pressing the water tank 5 tightly against the upper end of the explosion-proof frame 1.

[0036] The pressure relief diversion mechanism includes two fixed plates 21 corresponding to the pressure relief pipe 10 one by one, and the fixed plates 21 are vertically arranged inside the explosion-proof frame 1. One end of the fixed plate 21 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the explosion-proof frame 1 on the side of the pressure relief pipe 10 away from the battery thermal runaway monitoring sensor 12 through a hinge. A buffer frame 20 is slidably sleeved on the side wall of the fixed plate 21 away from the pressure relief pipe 10, and a spring piece for pushing the fixed plate 21 out is arranged inside the buffer frame 20. The end of the buffer frame 20 away from the pressure relief pipe 10 is inclined toward the center of the explosion-proof frame 1, and the buffer frame 20 is away from the pressure relief pipe 10. 0 moves along the inner wall of the explosion-proof frame 1, a baffle 18 for blocking the buffer frame 20 is installed on the inner wall of the explosion-proof frame 1 on the side of the buffer frame 20 close to the center of the explosion-proof frame 1, a spring 19 for pushing the buffer frame 20 to approach the center of the explosion-proof frame 1 is installed on the side wall of the buffer frame 20 away from the center of the explosion-proof frame 1, and one end of the spring 19 away from the buffer frame 20 is installed on the inner wall of the explosion-proof frame 1, the battery seat 37 is arranged between the two buffer frames 20 and the fixed plate 21, and an exhaust component for making the air inside the explosion-proof frame 1 flow is arranged inside the pressure relief pipe 10.

[0037] When the battery pack burns and explodes due to thermal runaway, the shock wave generated by the explosion acts on the buffer frame 20 and the fixed plate 21, pushing the buffer frame 20 and the fixed plate 21 to swing, thereby compressing the spring 19. At the same time, the fixed plate 21 shrinks into the buffer frame 20, compressing the shrapnel inside the buffer frame 20, thereby utilizing the spring 19 and the shrapnel inside the buffer frame 20 to absorb the explosion shock wave and reduce the impact force on the explosion-proof frame 1 and the water tank 5.

[0038] At the same time, the flame and gas inside the explosion-proof frame 1 move toward the pressure relief pipe 10 under the guidance of the buffer frame 20 and the fixing plate 21, and are discharged through the pressure relief pipe 10, thereby reducing the power of the explosion.

[0039] The exhaust assembly includes a rotating shaft 31, which is horizontally arranged on the central axis of the pressure relief pipe 10, and a rotating seat 27 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the rotating shaft 31. The end of the rotating seat 27 away from the rotating shaft 31 is installed on the inner wall of the pressure relief pipe 10, and a fan blade 32 is installed at one end of the rotating shaft 31. A first pulley 28 is installed at the end of the rotating shaft 31 away from the fan blade 32. A motor 11 is installed on the side wall of the explosion-proof frame 1 close to the pressure relief pipe 10, and a second pulley 30 used in conjunction with the first pulley 28 is installed at the output end of the motor 11. A belt 29 is sleeved on the second pulley 30 and the first pulley 28, and an opening is opened on the side wall of the pressure relief pipe 10 for the belt 29 to pass through. An air intake pipe 17 is opened at the center of the side wall of the explosion-proof frame 1 opposite to the pressure relief pipe 10, and the air intake pipe 17 is arranged between two baffles 18.

[0040] When in use, the motor 11 is started, and the output end of the motor 11 drives the second pulley 30 to rotate, the second pulley 30 drives the belt 29 to rotate, the belt 29 drives the first pulley 28 to rotate, the first pulley 28 drives the rotating shaft 31 to rotate, and the rotating shaft 31 drives the fan blades 32 to rotate, so that the fan blades 32 draw out the air inside the explosion-proof frame 1 to achieve air flow inside the explosion-proof frame 1.

[0041] The water cooling mechanism includes a plurality of S-shaped cooling pipes 14 parallel to each other, the S-shaped cooling pipes 14 are vertically mounted at the bottom of the explosion-proof frame 1 near the battery holder 37, a second main pipe 25 is mounted at the input end of the S-shaped cooling pipe 14, a connecting pipe 26 is mounted on the second main pipe 25, a water pump 15 is mounted at one end of the connecting pipe 26 away from the second main pipe 25, the water pump 15 is mounted on the inner wall of the explosion-proof frame 1, a water outlet pipe 16 is mounted at the input end of the water pump 15, the end of the water outlet pipe 16 away from the water pump 15 is mounted at the bottom of the water tank 5, a first main pipe 24 is mounted at the output end of the S-shaped cooling pipe 14, a return pipe 13 is mounted on the first main pipe 24, the end of the return pipe 13 away from the first main pipe 24 is mounted at the bottom of the water tank 5, the water outlet pipe 16 and the return pipe 13 are both provided with redundant lengths, the purpose is to facilitate the opening of the water tank 5, and a refrigeration component for intermittently cooling the water inside the water tank 5 is provided on the water tank 5.

[0042] The refrigeration assembly includes a plurality of semiconductor refrigerators 22 corresponding one to one with the battery holder 37. The semiconductor refrigerator 22 is installed on the top of the water tank 5 directly above the battery holder 37. A top plate 9 for protecting the semiconductor refrigerator 22 is provided above the water tank 5. A support column 6 for supporting the top plate 9 is installed at the lower end of the top plate 9. The lower end of the support column 6 is installed at the upper end of the water tank 5.

[0043] When in use, the semiconductor refrigerator 22 is intermittently started by the controller to cool the water inside the water tank 5, and the water pump 15 is continuously turned on. The water pump 15 pumps the water out of the water tank 5 through the water outlet pipe 16, and then transports the water to the inside of the S-shaped cooling pipe 14 through the connecting pipe 26 and the second main pipe 25. The battery is cooled by the cold water inside the S-shaped cooling pipe 14, and the S-shaped cooling pipe 14 transports the water to the inside of the water tank 5 through the first main pipe 24 and the reflux pipe 13.

[0044] The fire-fighting mechanism includes a plurality of spring hoses 33 corresponding one to one with the battery holders 37. The spring hoses 33 are installed at the bottom of the water tank 5 just above the battery holder 37. The lower end of the spring hoses 33 passes through the water tank 5 and is installed with a fire sprinkler head 34. The fire sprinkler head 34 is sleeved with a fixing tube 23. The upper end of the fixing tube 23 is installed at the lower end of the water tank 5. The inner wall of the fixing tube 23 is installed with a fire sprinkler head 34 for buffering and protecting the fire sprinkler head 34.

[0045] When thermal runaway of the battery pack occurs, the temperature will continue to rise. When the temperature is greater than the set value of the fire sprinkler head 34, the glass ball in the fire sprinkler head 34 will break, so that the water in the water tank 5 will be sprayed onto the battery through the spring hose 33 and the fire sprinkler head 34 to extinguish the fire and cool the battery.

[0046] The reinforcement mechanism includes a plurality of pressure plates 8 and two mutually parallel slide rails 3, both ends of the pressure plate 8 are provided with through holes 36, the two slide rails 3 are horizontally installed at the lower ends of two opposite side walls of the explosion-proof frame 1, a plurality of sliders 2 are slidably connected to the slide rails 3, the sliders 2 on the two slide rails 3 correspond to each other, and the upper ends of the sliders 2 are vertically installed with threaded columns 4 used in conjunction with the through holes 36, the through holes 36 at both ends of the pressure plate 8 are sleeved on the two opposite threaded columns 4, and the threaded columns 4 above the pressure plate 8 are rotatably connected with nuts 7 for pushing the pressure plate 8 to move downward.

[0047] When in use, move the slider 2, which drives the threaded column 4 to move so that the threaded column 4 is close to the side wall of the explosion-proof frame 1, and then the through holes 36 at both ends of the pressing plate 8 are sleeved on the two opposite threaded columns 4, and then the connecting nut 7 is rotated on the thread of the threaded column 4 above the pressing plate 8, so that the nut 7 pushes the pressing plate 8 to move downward, so that the pressing plate 8 presses the top plate 9 and the water tank 5 tightly.

[0048] Working principle of a battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device: When opening the water tank 5 , the nut 7 is loosened or removed, and then the slider 2 is moved to separate the pressing plate 8 from the upper end of the top plate 9 , and then the staff can open the water tank 5 .

[0049] When closing the water tank 5, move the slider 2, which drives the threaded column 4 to move so that the threaded column 4 is close to the side wall of the explosion-proof frame 1, and then put the through holes 36 at both ends of the pressing plate 8 on the two opposite threaded columns 4, and then rotate the connecting nut 7 on the thread of the threaded column 4 above the pressing plate 8, so that the nut 7 pushes the pressing plate 8 to move downward, so that the pressing plate 8 presses the top plate 9 and the water tank 5 tightly.

[0050] When in use, the semiconductor refrigerator 22 is intermittently started by the controller to cool the water inside the water tank 5, and the water pump 15 is continuously turned on. The water pump 15 pumps the water out of the water tank 5 through the water outlet pipe 16, and then transports the water to the inside of the S-shaped cooling pipe 14 through the connecting pipe 26 and the second main pipe 25. The battery is cooled by the cold water inside the S-shaped cooling pipe 14, and the S-shaped cooling pipe 14 transports the water to the inside of the water tank 5 through the first main pipe 24 and the reflux pipe 13.

[0051] When in use, the motor 11 is started, and the output end of the motor 11 drives the second pulley 30 to rotate, the second pulley 30 drives the belt 29 to rotate, the belt 29 drives the first pulley 28 to rotate, the first pulley 28 drives the rotating shaft 31 to rotate, and the rotating shaft 31 drives the fan blades 32 to rotate, so that the fan blades 32 draw out the air inside the explosion-proof frame 1 to achieve air flow inside the explosion-proof frame 1.

[0052] When the battery pack thermally runs away and burns and explodes, the shock wave generated by the explosion acts on the buffer frame 20 and the fixed plate 21, pushing the buffer frame 20 and the fixed plate 21 to swing, thereby compressing the spring 19. At the same time, the fixed plate 21 shrinks into the buffer frame 20, compressing the shrapnel inside the buffer frame 20, thereby utilizing the spring 19 and the shrapnel inside the buffer frame 20 to absorb the explosion shock wave.

[0053] At the same time, the flame and gas inside the explosion-proof frame 1 move toward the pressure relief pipe 10 under the guidance of the buffer frame 20 and the fixing plate 21, and are discharged through the pressure relief pipe 10, thereby reducing the power of the explosion.

[0054] When thermal runaway of the battery pack occurs, the temperature will continue to rise. When the temperature is greater than the set value of the fire sprinkler head 34, the glass ball in the fire sprinkler head 34 will break, so that the water in the water tank 5 will be sprayed onto the battery through the spring hose 33 and the fire sprinkler head 34 to extinguish the fire and cool the battery.

[0055] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device, comprising an explosion-proof frame (1), wherein a plurality of battery holders (37) for placing batteries are installed in a rectangular array at the bottom of the explosion-proof frame (1), and a battery thermal runaway monitoring sensor (12) is installed at the center of one of the inner walls of the explosion-proof frame (1), characterized in that: The explosion-proof frames (1) on both sides of the battery thermal runaway monitoring sensor (12) are both provided with pressure relief pipes (10) for discharging air from the explosion-proof frames (1); a water tank (5) is provided at the upper end of the explosion-proof frames (1); the explosion-proof frames (1) and the water tank (5) are both made of steel; the lower end of one of the side walls of the water tank (5) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the side wall of the explosion-proof frame (1) via a limit hinge; a pressure relief diversion mechanism is provided inside the explosion-proof frame (1) for diverting flames through the pressure relief pipe (10) when the battery burns and explodes; a water cooling mechanism is provided inside the explosion-proof frame (1) for water cooling the battery; a fire fighting mechanism is provided at the lower end of the water tank (5) for extinguishing a fire on the battery; and a reinforcement mechanism is provided on the side wall of the explosion-proof frame (1) for pressing the water tank (5) against the upper end of the explosion-proof frame (1).

2. A battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure relief diversion mechanism comprises two fixing plates (21) corresponding to the pressure relief pipe (10) in a one-to-one manner. The fixing plates (21) are vertically arranged inside the explosion-proof frame (1). One end of the fixing plates (21) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the explosion-proof frame (1) on the side of the pressure relief pipe (10) away from the battery thermal runaway monitoring sensor (12) through a hinge. A buffer frame (20) is slidably sleeved on the side wall of the fixing plate (21) away from the pressure relief pipe (10). A spring piece for pushing the fixing plate (21) out is arranged inside the buffer frame (20). One end of the buffer frame (20) away from the pressure relief pipe (10) is inclined toward the center of the explosion-proof frame (1). The buffer frame (20) is away from the pressure relief pipe (10). One end of the buffer frame (20) moves along the inner wall of the explosion-proof frame (1); a baffle (18) for blocking the buffer frame (20) is installed on the inner wall of the explosion-proof frame (1) on the side of the buffer frame (20) close to the center of the explosion-proof frame (1); a spring (19) for pushing the buffer frame (20) toward the center of the explosion-proof frame (1) is installed on the side wall of the buffer frame (20) away from the center of the explosion-proof frame (1); one end of the spring (19) away from the buffer frame (20) is installed on the inner wall of the explosion-proof frame (1); the battery seat (37) is arranged between the two buffer frames (20) and the fixing plate (21); and an exhaust component for allowing air to flow inside the explosion-proof frame (1) is arranged inside the pressure relief pipe (10).

3. A battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air extraction component comprises a rotating shaft (31), the rotating shaft (31) being horizontally arranged on the central axis of the pressure relief pipe (10), a rotating seat (27) being rotatably connected to the side wall of the rotating shaft (31), an end of the rotating seat (27) away from the rotating shaft (31) being mounted on the inner wall of the pressure relief pipe (10), a fan blade (32) being mounted on one end of the rotating shaft (31), a first pulley (28) being mounted on the end of the rotating shaft (31) away from the fan blade (32), and a protective cover (28) being mounted on the side wall of the pressure relief pipe (10). A motor (11) is mounted on the side wall of the explosion-proof frame (1); a second pulley (30) for use with the first pulley (28) is mounted on the output end of the motor (11); a belt (29) is sleeved on the second pulley (30) and the first pulley (28); an opening is provided on the side wall of the pressure relief pipe (10) to facilitate the belt (29) to pass through; an air intake pipe (17) is provided at the center of the side wall of the explosion-proof frame (1) facing the pressure relief pipe (10); and the air intake pipe (17) is arranged between two baffles (18).

4. A battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water cooling mechanism comprises a plurality of mutually parallel S-shaped cooling pipes (14), the S-shaped cooling pipes (14) being vertically mounted at the bottom of the explosion-proof frame (1) near the battery holder (37), a second main pipe (25) being mounted at the input end of the S-shaped cooling pipe (14), a connecting pipe (26) being mounted on the second main pipe (25), a water pump (15) being mounted at one end of the connecting pipe (26) away from the second main pipe (25), the water pump (15) being mounted on the inner wall of the explosion-proof frame (1), and a water outlet pipe (16) being mounted at the input end of the water pump (15). The end of the water outlet pipe (16) away from the water pump (15) is installed at the bottom of the water tank (5); the output end of the S-shaped cooling pipe (14) is installed with a first main pipe (24); the first main pipe (24) is installed with a return pipe (13); the end of the return pipe (13) away from the first main pipe (24) is installed at the bottom of the water tank (5); the water outlet pipe (16) and the return pipe (13) are both provided with redundant lengths in order to facilitate opening of the water tank (5); and the water tank (5) is provided with a refrigeration component for intermittently cooling the water inside the water tank (5).

5. A battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The refrigeration assembly comprises a plurality of semiconductor refrigerators (22) corresponding one to one with the battery holder (37); the semiconductor refrigerators (22) are mounted on the top of a water tank (5) directly above the battery holder (37); a top plate (9) for protecting the semiconductor refrigerators (22) is arranged above the water tank (5); a support column (6) for supporting the top plate (9) is mounted at the lower end of the top plate (9); and the lower end of the support column (6) is mounted on the upper end of the water tank (5).

6. A battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fire fighting mechanism comprises a plurality of spring hoses (33) corresponding one to one with the battery seats (37); the spring hoses (33) are mounted on the bottom of the water tank (5) directly above the battery seat (37); the lower end of the spring hoses (33) passes through the water tank (5) and is mounted with a fire sprinkler head (34); a fixing cylinder (23) is sleeved on the fire sprinkler head (34); the upper end of the fixing cylinder (23) is mounted on the lower end of the water tank (5); and the inner wall of the fixing cylinder (23) is mounted with a fire sprinkler head (34) for buffering and protecting the fire sprinkler head (34).

7. A battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcement mechanism comprises a plurality of pressing plates (8) and two mutually parallel slide rails (3), both ends of the pressing plate (8) are provided with through holes (36), the two slide rails (3) are horizontally mounted on the lower ends of two opposite side walls of the explosion-proof frame (1), a plurality of sliders (2) are slidably connected to the slide rails (3), the sliders (2) on the two slide rails (3) correspond one to one, a threaded column (4) used in conjunction with the through holes (36) is vertically mounted on the upper ends of the sliders (2), the through holes (36) at both ends of the pressing plate (8) are sleeved on two opposite threaded columns (4), and a nut (7) for pushing the pressing plate (8) to move downward is rotatably connected to the threaded column (4) above the pressing plate (8).

8. A battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Reinforced support ribs are installed on the side walls of the pressing plate (8) for increasing the structural strength of the pressing plate (8) and preventing the pressing plate (8) from deforming.

9. A battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The input end of the air inlet pipe (17) is provided with a dust cover for preventing dust from entering the interior of the explosion-proof frame (1).

10. A method for using the battery pack thermal runaway monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: When opening the water tank (5), loosen or remove the nut (7), then move the slider (2) to separate the pressure plate (8) from the upper end of the top plate (9), and then the staff can open the water tank (5); When closing the water tank (5), the slider (2) is moved, and the slider (2) drives the threaded column (4) to move, so that the threaded column (4) is close to the side wall of the explosion-proof frame (1), and then the through holes (36) at both ends of the pressure plate (8) are put on the two opposite threaded columns (4), and then the connecting nut (7) is turned on the thread of the threaded column (4) above the pressure plate (8), so that the nut (7) pushes the pressure plate (8) to move downward, so that the pressure plate (8) presses the top plate (9) and the water tank (5); Step 2: When in use, the controller intermittently starts the semiconductor refrigerator (22) to cool the water inside the water tank (5), and at the same time, the water pump (15) is continuously turned on. The water pump (15) pumps the water inside the water tank (5) through the water outlet pipe (16), and then transports the water to the inside of the S-shaped cooling pipe (14) through the connecting pipe (26) and the second main pipe (25). The battery is cooled by the cold water inside the S-shaped cooling pipe (14). The S-shaped cooling pipe (14) transports the water to the inside of the water tank (5) through the first main pipe (24) and the return pipe (13); When in use, the motor (11) is started, the output end of the motor (11) drives the second pulley (30) to rotate, the second pulley (30) drives the belt (29) to rotate, the belt (29) drives the first pulley (28) to rotate, the first pulley (28) drives the rotating shaft (31) to rotate, the rotating shaft (31) drives the fan blades (32) to rotate, so that the fan blades (32) extract the air inside the explosion-proof frame (1), thereby achieving air flow inside the explosion-proof frame (1); Step 3: When the battery pack burns and explodes due to thermal runaway, the shock wave generated by the explosion acts on the buffer frame (20) and the fixed plate (21), pushing the buffer frame (20) and the fixed plate (21) to swing, thereby compressing the spring (19). At the same time, the fixed plate (21) contracts into the buffer frame (20), compressing the shrapnel inside the buffer frame (20), thereby utilizing the spring (19) and the shrapnel inside the buffer frame (20) to absorb the explosion shock wave; At the same time, the flame and gas inside the explosion-proof frame (1) move toward the pressure relief pipe (10) under the guidance of the buffer frame (20) and the fixing plate (21), and are discharged through the pressure relief pipe (10), thereby reducing the power of the explosion; When thermal runaway of the battery pack occurs, the temperature will continue to rise. When the temperature is greater than the set value of the fire sprinkler head (34), the glass ball in the fire sprinkler head (34) will break, so that the water in the water tank (5) will be sprayed onto the battery through the spring hose (33) and the fire sprinkler head (34), thereby extinguishing the fire and cooling the battery.

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