Bright forging technology

Abstract

The bright forging technology is characterized in that from blank heating, pre-forging, finish forging, trimming and forging heat treatment, all working procedures and transferring and conveying of workpieces among the working procedures are completed by a robot and a conveying belt in a vacuum space or a sealed space full of protective atmosphere. In this way, the forge piece cannot be oxidized and decarbonized, and therefore 1%-3% of steel can be saved; the service life of the mold is prolonged; 3, the surface smoothness and the size precision of the forge piece are improved; 4, the strength and wear resistance of the forge piece are improved; and 5, the forging technology is promoted to develop towards the precision forging direction. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the robot is used, labor cost is greatly reduced.

Description

1. Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to forging technology in industrial production. 2. Background Technology

[0002] Forging technology has been widely used in various industrial sectors of the national economy, such as automobiles, tractors, mining machinery, power machinery, aerospace, etc., and plays a pivotal role in industrial production. However, there are two problems with the current forging technology.

[0003] 1. The forging blank will produce oxidation and decarburization when heated

[0004] When the room temperature of steel exceeds 570℃, the iron on the surface will react with the oxidizing gases in the air, such as O2, CO2, H2O, and SO2, to form oxide scale. The steel billet for forging needs to be heated to the forging temperature of 1050°-1280℃, so the surface of the billet will be severely oxidized and decarburized. This oxidation will bring three hazards:

[0005] 1. Waste of steel. Every time the billet is heated, 1-3% of the steel is wasted.

[0006] 2. Reduce the life of the mold. When the billet is forged, the oxidized cortex that falls off is hard and brittle. If it falls into the mold cavity, it will accelerate the wear of the mold and reduce the life of the mold.

[0007] 3. Reduce the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of forgings. When the billet is forged, the detached oxide scale will be pressed into the surface of the forging, reducing the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the forging.

[0008] Decarburization of the billet surface will reduce the strength and wear resistance of the forging.

[0009] 2. High labor costs

[0010] This is mainly because the forging production environment is hot and dirty, and the labor intensity of forging workers is high. Therefore, the wages of forging workers are relatively expensive, resulting in high labor costs, accounting for 8-10% of the total forging cost. III. Summary of the invention

[0011] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above two problems in current forging production.

[0012] The present invention is characterized in that: a bright forging technology, starting from heating of the blank, through pre-forging, final forging, trimming, to heat treatment of the forging, all processes and the transfer and transportation of the workpiece between the processes are completed by robots and conveyor belts in a vacuum space or in a sealed space filled with a protective atmosphere. Different programs are input into the robot for different forgings. The protective atmosphere can be nitrogen, or pure inert gas (such as argon, helium, neon, etc.), or incompletely burned coal gas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, etc.

[0013] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0014] 1. Completely eliminate the hazards of oxidation and decarbonization

[0015] Since all the processes from billet heating to forging heat treatment, as well as the transfer and transportation of workpieces between processes, are completed by robots and conveyor belts in a vacuum space or in a sealed space filled with a protective atmosphere, the billet heating and then the high-temperature forgings are completely isolated from the contact with oxidizing gases in the air, such as O2, CO2, H2O, SO2, etc., so the finished forgings are bright forgings without oxidation and decarburization. This brings five benefits:

[0016] 1. Save 1-3% of steel;

[0017] 2. Increased mold life;

[0018] 3. Improve the surface finish and dimensional accuracy of forgings, thereby reducing the processing time and wear of machining tools in subsequent machining;

[0019] 4. Improve the strength and wear resistance of forgings;

[0020] 5. Promoted the development of forging technology towards precision forging.

[0021] Precision forging means making the forged forgings as close to the product precision as possible, thereby reducing or completely eliminating subsequent machining, saving both materials and processing time. This is an important development direction of forging technology.

[0022] Forging and finishing forging first requires that the blank is heated without oxidation. At present, although various kinds of heating processes and equipment with little or no oxidation have been adopted, the effect is still not ideal; secondly, it is required that the high-temperature blank is free of oxidation during the forging process and the forging is free of oxidation during the subsequent heat treatment process. The present invention provides the most ideal non-oxidation conditions for forging and finishing forging, thus promoting the development of forging technology towards finishing forging.

[0023] 2. Reduce the production cost of labor

[0024] The cost of purchasing a forging robot is about the same as the salary of a forging worker for about half a year. After recovering the cost, the use of robots does not require wages or various insurance premiums, and can work 24 hours a day. Therefore, using robots instead of hiring forging workers can greatly reduce the production cost of labor. IV. Description of the drawings

[0025] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic diagram of a bright forging technology production line. V. Specific Implementation Plan

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the bright forging technology production line is a sealed space

[21] , which contains a heating furnace [1], pre-forging equipment [2], final forging equipment [3], trimming equipment [4], heat treatment furnace [5], conveyor belt [6]-

[11] and robots

[14] -

[18] . The sealed space

[21] is in a vacuum state or in a state filled with a protective atmosphere

[22] . The front end of the sealed space

[21] has a front chamber

[12] and its front gate

[19] and rear gate

[20] , and the rear end has a rear chamber

[13] and its front gate

[23] and rear gate

[24] . The sealed door, air inlet and air outlet of the sealed chamber

[21] , Figure 1 Not drawn in.

[0027] The steel for bright forging must first be processed by shot peening, pickling or turning to remove the original oxide scale on the surface of the steel, and then processed into blanks for bright forging using cutting equipment such as sawing machines, shearing machines or punching machines.

[0028] Before the billet enters the heating furnace [1], in order to prevent the oxidizing atmosphere in the air from entering the sealed space

[21] , the billet first enters the front chamber

[12] , at which time the rear gate

[20] is closed. After the front chamber

[12] is filled with billets, the front gate

[19] is closed, the front chamber

[12] is evacuated or filled with a protective atmosphere, and then the rear gate

[20] is opened, and the billet enters the conveyor belt [6]. The robot

[14] takes the billet on the conveyor belt [6] into the heating furnace [1] for heating. After the billet is heated to the required forging temperature, the robot

[14] puts the billet into the conveyor belt [7]. The robot

[15] takes the billet off the conveyor belt [7] and puts it into the mold on the pre-forging device [2] for pre-forging. After pre-forging, the robot

[15] takes the workpiece and puts it into the conveyor belt [8], and then the robot

[15] sprays lubricant on the mold. The robot

[16] takes the workpiece from the conveyor [8] and places it into the die on the final forging device [3] for final forging. After final forging, the robot

[16] takes the workpiece and places it into the conveyor [9]. Then, the robot

[16] sprays lubricant on the die. The robot

[17] takes the workpiece from the conveyor [9] and places it into the die on the trimming device [4] for trimming. The cut forging is placed into the conveyor

[10] , and the cut flash is placed into the scrap box. The robot

[18] takes the forging from the conveyor

[10] and places it into the heat treatment furnace [5] for heat treatment. After the forging is heat treated, before it is taken out from the heat treatment furnace [5], in order to prevent the oxidizing atmosphere in the air from entering the sealed space

[21] , a rear chamber

[13] is provided at the rear end. At this time, the front gate

[23] is closed, and the rear gate

[24] is closed, and the rear chamber

[13] is evacuated or filled with a protective atmosphere, and then the front gate

[23] is opened, and the robot

[18] puts the heat-treated forging into the conveyor belt

[11] and sends it into the rear chamber

[13] . Finally, the front gate

[23] is closed, and the rear gate

[24] is opened to take out the bright forging.

[0029] References

[0030] 1. Forging Technology, edited by Zhang Zhiwen from Northwestern Polytechnical University, published by Machinery Industry Press.

Claims

1. A bright forging technology, characterized in that: Starting from heating the billet, through pre-forging, final forging, trimming, to heat treatment of forgings, all processes and the transfer and transportation of workpieces between processes are completed by robots and conveyor belts in a vacuum space or in a sealed space filled with a protective atmosphere.

2. The bright forging technique according to claim 1, characterized in that: For different forgings, different programs are input into the robot.

3. The bright forging technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective atmosphere can be nitrogen, or pure inert gas, or incompletely burned coal gas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, etc.

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