A self-directional perforating device and system for oil and gas wells

Abstract

The present invention relates to a perforator, and specifically to a self-directional perforating device and system for oil and gas wells, which is used to solve the problem that the direction of the perforating bullets of a traditional perforating gun is fixed at the factory and cannot be adjusted according to the actual needs of the well, resulting in the difficulty in accurately matching the perforating direction with the oil layer distribution, the distance between two holes in the same phase is too large, the fracturing effect is limited, and the operating cost and construction risk are increased. The self-directional perforating device for oil and gas wells includes a gun body, a bullet rack, a combination cabin and a counterweight cabin; the present invention combines efficient processing design with precise perforating function, and the modular design of the combination cabin and the counterweight cabin makes the device have stronger adaptability and is suitable for complex downhole working conditions. At the same time, the present invention also provides a self-directional perforating system for oil and gas wells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a perforator, in particular to a self-directional perforating device and system for oil and gas wells. Background Art

[0002] Horizontal well drilling technology is widely used in oil production, but its drilling and perforating operations are more technically difficult than vertical wells. For vertical well perforation, the perforating gun is usually sent to the target section using a tubing to complete the operation. However, in horizontal wells, due to the complexity of the wellbore, it is difficult to use tubing to transport the perforating gun into the horizontal section. Currently, the main solution is pumping technology, which uses a high-pressure pump to inject liquid to push the perforating gun to the horizontal section.

[0003] Perforating operations require that the jet direction of the perforating bullet be aligned with the direction of the greatest reservoir thickness. However, in the design of traditional perforating guns, the direction of the perforating bullet is fixed at the factory and cannot be adjusted according to actual downhole needs. This design makes it difficult to accurately match the perforating direction with the distribution of the oil layer, and the distance between two holes in the same phase is too large, which limits the fracturing effect. In order to form cracks, higher wellhead pressure is required, which increases operating costs and construction risks.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the accuracy of perforating operations, optimize crack distribution, and reduce the costs and safety hazards caused by high-pressure operations is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the direction of the perforating bullets of a traditional perforating gun is fixed when leaving the factory and cannot be adjusted according to actual downhole needs, resulting in the perforating direction being difficult to accurately match the oil layer distribution, the distance between two holes in the same phase being too large, the fracturing effect being limited, and thus increasing the operating cost and construction risk, and to provide a self-directional perforating device and system for oil and gas wells.

[0006] In order to solve the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A self-directional perforating device for oil and gas wells, which is special in that it comprises a gun body, a bomb rack coaxially arranged in the gun body, and a counterweight cabin and a combination cabin coaxially arranged at the top and bottom of the bomb rack;

[0008] The bullet rack is a hollow cylinder, and its side wall is provided with at least one bullet hole, a plurality of inner directional through holes, a plurality of through-line holes and a positioning through hole; each of the bullet holes is used to set a perforating bullet, and the central axis of each perforating bullet is perpendicular to the central axis of the bullet rack; the outer side wall of the gun body is provided with annular blind grooves equal in number to the bullet holes and corresponding in axial position, and the width of each annular blind groove increases radially from the inside to the outside;

[0009] The counterweight cabin comprises a counterweight cabin body and an internal counterweight; the lower part of the counterweight cabin body is located in the bomb rack and connected to the internal counterweight, and a directional elastic pin is provided on the outer side wall of the lower part of the counterweight cabin body, and the directional elastic pin is used to engage with one of the internal directional through holes to fix the phase of the bullet hole; a counterweight cabin limiting ring is provided in the middle part of the counterweight cabin body, and the bottom surface of the counterweight cabin limiting ring abuts against the top surface of the bomb rack;

[0010] The combined cabin comprises a combined cabin body, the upper part of which is located in the bomb rack and is provided with a selective firing module, a detonator and a detonating cord connected in sequence, a positioning pin is provided on the outer side wall of the upper part of the combined cabin body, and the positioning pin is engaged with the positioning through hole to fix the phase of the combined cabin; a combined cabin limit ring is provided in the middle part of the combined cabin body, and the top surface of the combined cabin limit ring abuts against the bottom surface of the bomb rack; an inserted protection module is provided in the lower part of the counterweight cabin body, and the protection module short-circuits the two ends of the detonator through an internal circuit, and the input end of the protection module is short-circuited with the ground wire;

[0011] The upper part of the counterweight cabin and the lower part of the combined cabin are both provided with elastic contact seats, and the upper part of the counterweight cabin and the lower part of the combined cabin are both truncated cone structures with outer diameters decreasing in the direction away from the bomb rack; the inner circumference of the counterweight cabin limit ring and the inner circumference of the combined cabin limit ring are both provided with grounding springs; one end of the grounding spring contacts the bomb rack, and the other end is used to contact the external structure;

[0012] The upper portion of the counterweight cabin and the lower portion of the combined cabin are both frustum structures whose outer diameters decrease gradually in a direction away from the bomb rack.

[0013] Furthermore, the ballast cabin body comprises a ballast cabin semi-cylindrical section and a ballast cabin truncated cone section, and the ballast cabin limiting ring is located at the connection between the ballast cabin semi-cylindrical section and the ballast cabin truncated cone section; the ballast cabin truncated cone section is the truncated cone structure;

[0014] The semi-cylindrical section of the counterweight compartment extends into the bomb rack, the outer side wall is provided with the directional elastic pin, and the inner side wall is connected to the inner counterweight;

[0015] A groove is axially arranged on the bottom surface of the semi-cylindrical section of the counterweight cabin, and at least one supporting plate is arranged in the groove.

[0016] Furthermore, the ballast compartment further includes connecting bolts;

[0017] A horizontal baffle is provided at the lower end of the inner side wall of the semi-cylindrical section of the counterweight cabin, and the horizontal baffle is used to limit the axial position of the inner counterweight;

[0018] The inner wall of the semi-cylindrical section of the counterweight compartment is provided with a radial through hole on the axis; the outer wall of the semi-cylindrical section of the counterweight compartment is provided with a mounting hole corresponding to the radial through hole;

[0019] The inner counterweight is a semi-cylindrical body, and a radial groove is arranged on the inner side surface;

[0020] The connecting bolt passes through the radial through hole and is fixed to the inner wall of the radial groove to define the radial position of the inner counterweight; the mounting hole is used for mounting the connecting bolt.

[0021] Furthermore, the counterweight cabin further comprises an external counterweight, which is a hollow cylinder, and has a through hole on one side wall and at least one fixing hole on the other side wall. The external counterweight is used to be sleeved on the outer periphery of the bomb rack and corresponds to the axial position of the internal counterweight. By adjusting the position of the through hole on its side wall on the outer periphery of the bomb rack, the phase of the bullet hole can be adjusted.

[0022] The side wall of the bomb rack is provided with at least one group of external directional through holes arranged along the circumferential direction, and each group of external directional through holes is used to cooperate with a fixing hole to fix the phase of the external counterweight.

[0023] Furthermore, the combined cabin body comprises a combined cabin semi-cylindrical section, a combined cabin cylindrical section and a combined cabin truncated cone section which are arranged in sequence; the combined cabin truncated cone section is the truncated cone structure;

[0024] The semi-cylindrical section and the cylindrical section of the combined cabin are located in the bomb rack, and the semi-cylindrical section of the combined cabin is provided with an axially extending first mounting groove and a second mounting groove, as well as a third mounting groove and the positioning spring pin; the radial cross-section of the first mounting groove is an eight-shaped shape with an open outer end, and the detonator and detonating cord are arranged in parallel in the first mounting groove; the opening of the second mounting groove is located on the top surface of the semi-cylindrical section of the combined cabin, and the selection module is arranged in the second mounting groove; the third mounting groove is provided with a selection switch terminal block, and the selection switch terminal block connects the selection module and the detonator.

[0025] Furthermore, the combined cabin also includes a combined cabin upper cover arranged on the semi-cylindrical section of the combined cabin, an insertion key block is arranged at the lower end of the combined cabin upper cover, and open slots are arranged on both sides to prevent radial and axial falling off; the semi-cylindrical section of the combined cabin is provided with slots matching with the insertion key block and key blocks matching with the open slots.

[0026] Furthermore, the through-line holes are pear-shaped and two in number, and the two through-line holes are respectively located at two ends of the bomb rack.

[0027] An oil and gas well self-directional perforating system, which is special in that it comprises a plurality of the above-mentioned oil and gas well self-directional perforating devices, and two adjacent oil and gas well self-directional perforating devices are connected by a conversion joint;

[0028] The conversion joint comprises a joint and a core member coaxially arranged in the joint;

[0029] The upper part of the joint extends into the annular cavity between the gun body of the previous oil and gas well self-directional perforating device and the lower part of the combined cabin, and the core piece contacts the elastic contact seat at the lower part of the combined cabin;

[0030] The lower part of the joint extends into the annular cavity between the gun body of the next oil and gas well self-directional perforating device and the upper part of the counterweight cabin body, and the core piece contacts the elastic contact seat on the upper part of the counterweight cabin body.

[0031] Furthermore, annular grooves are provided at both ends of the joint, and bearings are provided in the annular grooves by stamping; the two bearings are respectively located at the upper periphery of the counterweight cabin of the next oil and gas well self-oriented perforating device and the lower periphery of the combined cabin of the previous oil and gas well self-oriented perforating device.

[0032] (1) The present invention discloses a self-directional perforating device for oil and gas wells, comprising a gun body, a bullet rack, a combination cabin and a counterweight cabin; the bullet holes on the bullet rack and the internal directional through holes are precisely controlled in relative position by means of logging data, so that the perforating bullets can precisely hit the oil reservoir area and improve the perforating effect; the annular blind groove design of the gun body not only reduces the overall weight, but also reduces the resistance of the perforating bullets, while avoiding complicated processes in the processing process, and the width and angle of each annular blind groove are optimized to avoid the jamming accident of the perforating device during the process of raising and lowering the pipe string; the introduction of the elastic contact seat and the grounding spring piece further enhances the reliability of the electrical connection; the present invention combines efficient processing design with precise perforating function, and the modular design of the combination cabin and the counterweight cabin makes the device have stronger adaptability and is suitable for complex downhole working conditions.

[0033] (2) The modular design of the combined cabin integrates detonators, detonating cords, and selective firing modules, and provides electrostatic protection through the protection module; its precise structure and complete functions can ensure the efficiency and safety of perforating operations. The dual redundant grounding design further enhances the reliability of operations and has significant advantages in complex underground environments.

[0034] (3) The internal counterweight of the present invention is combined with the external counterweight to realize main phase control and detail adjustment respectively; and the counterweight cabin limit ring and the horizontal baffle work together to ensure the reliability of the internal and external counterweights in a high pressure and high vibration environment.

[0035] (4) The pear-shaped design of the through-wire hole of the present invention can firmly clamp the through-wire, provide stronger vibration resistance, and avoid electrical connection failure and perforation positioning problems caused by loose through-wire.

[0036] (5) The present invention provides an oil and gas well self-directional perforating system, which connects a plurality of modular oil and gas well self-directional perforating devices via a conversion joint. The conversion joint includes a joint and a core member. The joint is used to connect two adjacent oil and gas well self-directional perforating devices to achieve mechanical connection. The core member is used to contact with elastic contact seats in the combination cabin and the counterweight cabin to provide electrical connection. The present invention has the characteristics of high precision, high reliability and flexible assembly.

[0037] (6) The bearings at both ends of the joint of the present invention are fixed by stamping, which improves the pressure resistance and durability of the system; the counterweight cabin truncated cone section and the combined cabin truncated cone section (decreasing outer diameter) are designed to automatically enter the bearings to ensure the coaxial installation of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a self-oriented perforating device for oil and gas wells of the present invention assembled with two conversion joints;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a front view of the bomb rack in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a left view of the bomb rack in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 It is a rear view of the bomb rack in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 for Figure 3 BB direction view;

[0043] Figure 6 for Figure 4 CC view;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the counterweight cabin in an embodiment of the present invention (the directional spring pins and connecting bolts are not shown);

[0045] Figure 8 The structure of the counterweight cabin in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0046] Fig. 9 The structure of the counterweight cabin in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0047] Fig.10 An axial cross-sectional view of the counterweight compartment in an embodiment of the present invention (without showing the directional spring pins and connecting bolts);

[0048] Fig.11 The structure of the combined cabin in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0049] Fig.12 The structure of the combined cabin in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0050] Fig.13 The structure of the combined cabin in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0051] Fig.14 The structure of the combined cabin in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0052] Fig.15 is an axial cross-sectional view of a combined cabin in an embodiment of the present invention (without showing the upper cover of the combined cabin);

[0053] Fig.16 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the combined cabin upper cover in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Fig.17 It is a structural schematic diagram of a gun body in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Fig.18 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the internal and external counterweights in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Fig.19 for Fig.18 DD section view;

[0057] Fig. 20 Schematic diagram of the installation position of the grounding spring located on the inner circumference of the limiting ring of the counterweight cabin in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Fig.21 Schematic diagram of the structure of the grounding spring in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Fig. 22 It is a structural schematic diagram of two adjacent oil and gas well self-directional perforating devices connected by a conversion joint in an embodiment of an oil and gas well self-directional perforating system of the present invention.

[0060] The accompanying drawings are as follows:

[0061] 100-gun body; 110-annular blind groove;

[0062] 200-bomb rack; 210-bullet hole; 220-inner directional through hole; 230-through line hole; 240-positioning through hole; 250-outer directional through hole;

[0063] 300-ballast tank; 310-ballast tank body; 311-ballast tank truncated cone section; 312-ballast tank semi-cylindrical section; 313-ballast tank limit ring; 314-first elastic pin hole; 315-mounting hole; 316-horizontal baffle; 317-groove; 318-support plate; 319-radial through hole; 320-inner counterweight; 321-radial groove; 330-outer counterweight; 331-fixing hole;

[0064] 400-combination cabin;

[0065] 410-combined cabin body; 411-combined cabin semi-cylindrical section; 412-combined cabin cylindrical section; 413-combined cabin truncated cone section; 414-combined cabin limiting ring; 415-first mounting groove; 416-second mounting groove; 417-third mounting groove; 418-slot hole; 419-key block; 4200-second elastic pin hole;

[0066] 420-combination cabin upper cover; 421-insertion key block; 422-opening slot; 430-selection module; 440-detonator; 450-detonating cord; 460-selection switch terminal block; 470-protection module;

[0067] 5-elastic contact seat; 6-grounding spring; 601-outer section; 602-connecting section;

[0068] 700-conversion joint; 710-joint; 720-core piece; 730-bearing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and exemplary embodiments.

[0070] Reference Figure 1 A self-directional perforating device for oil and gas wells includes a gun body 100, a bomb rack 200, a combination cabin 400 and a counterweight cabin 300.

[0071] Reference Figures 1 to 6 The bullet rack 200 is coaxially arranged in the gun body 100. The bullet rack 200 is a hollow cylinder, and its side wall is provided with three bullet holes 210, four inner directional through holes 220, two through-line holes 230, a positioning through hole 240 and multiple outer directional through holes 250.

[0072] Each bullet hole 210 is used to set a perforating bullet, and the central axis of each perforating bullet is perpendicular to the central axis of the bullet rack 200.

[0073] Reference Figure 1 , Fig.17The axial length of the gun body 100 is 0.3 meters to 7 meters. The outer wall of the gun body 100 is provided (turned) with annular blind grooves 110 equal in number to the bullet holes 210 and corresponding in axial position; the bottom surface of each annular blind groove 110 is a smooth cylindrical surface. On the basis of bearing the same bottom hole pressure, the wall thickness of the gun body 100 is reduced as much as possible to reduce the resistance of the gun body 100 to the perforating bullet; the width of each annular blind groove 110 increases radially from the inside to the outside, and the angles between the two side walls and the bottom surface are 135 degrees, which reduces The perforating resistance is reduced to prevent jamming accidents and improve the operation safety; the annular blind groove 110 and the bullet hole 210 correspond to each other in the axial position of the gun body 100, and the relative position of each annular blind groove 110 on the gun body 100 is strictly controlled according to the logging data. As long as the perforating bullet passes through the annular blind groove 110 and enters the reservoir area calculated by the logging data, the safety of the perforating gun can be guaranteed. Therefore, the processing of the annular blind groove 110 is more efficient than that of the blind hole, and there is no need to process the positioning key groove when processing the gun body 100.

[0074] See also Figures 2~4 The four inner directional through holes 220 are evenly distributed on the bomb rack 200, corresponding to 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° respectively.

[0075] See also Figure 3 The two through-wire holes 230 are pear-shaped and are located at both ends of the spring frame 200, respectively, and are used to clamp the through-wire on the spring frame 200 to ensure that the through-wire does not loosen on the spring frame 200. The shape characteristics of the pear-shaped holes can firmly clamp the through-wire and provide stronger vibration resistance to avoid damage to positioning due to loose through-wires, loose circuit connections and falling off, and hidden dangers of construction failure.

[0076] Reference Figure 1 The plurality of external directional through holes 250 are divided into two groups, and each group of external directional through holes 250 is evenly distributed on the cavity bomb frame 200 on a circumference.

[0077] The counterweight cabin 300 and the combination cabin 400 are coaxially arranged at the top and bottom ends of the bomb rack 200 .

[0078] Reference Figure 1 , Figures 7-10 The ballast compartment 300 includes a ballast compartment body 310 , an inner ballast 320 , connecting bolts and an outer ballast 330 .

[0079] The counterweight cabin body 310 includes a counterweight cabin semi-cylindrical section 312 and a counterweight cabin frustum section 311 ; the counterweight cabin semi-cylindrical section 312 is located inside the bomb rack 200 and connected to the inner counterweight 320 .

[0080] The outer side wall (curved surface) of the counterweight compartment semi-cylindrical section 312 is provided with a first elastic pin hole 314, and a directional elastic pin ( Figure 7(not shown) the directional spring pin is used to engage with one of the inner directional through holes 220 to fix the phase of the bullet hole 210.

[0081] The bottom surface of the semi-cylindrical section 312 of the counterweight compartment is provided with a groove 317 along the axial direction, and two support plates 318 are provided in the groove 317. The inner wall (plane) of the semi-cylindrical section 312 of the counterweight compartment is provided with a radial through hole 319 on the axis, and the outer wall is provided with a mounting hole 315 corresponding to the radial through hole 319; the inner counterweight 320 is a semi-cylindrical body, and the inner side surface is provided with a radial groove 321; the connecting bolt passes through the radial through hole 319 and is fixed to the inner wall of the radial groove 321 to limit the radial position of the inner counterweight 320; the mounting hole 315 is used to install the connecting bolt. A horizontal baffle 316 is provided at the lower end of the inner wall of the semi-cylindrical section 312 of the counterweight compartment, and the horizontal baffle 316 is used to limit the axial position of the inner counterweight 320.

[0082] A counterweight cabin limiting ring 313 is provided at the connection between the counterweight cabin semi-cylindrical section 312 and the counterweight cabin conical section 311, and the bottom surface of the counterweight cabin limiting ring 313 abuts against the top surface of the bomb rack 200; the outer diameter of the counterweight cabin conical section 311 decreases in the direction away from the bomb rack 200 to adapt to the external structure, and a coaxial elastic contact seat 5 is provided inside.

[0083] Reference Figure 1 , Figures 18 and 19 The external counterweight 330 is a hollow cylinder, and a through hole is provided on one side wall, and two fixing holes 331 are provided on the other side wall. The central angle of the radial section of the other side wall is 180° ( Fig.19 The external counterweight 330 is used to be mounted on the bomb rack 200 and corresponds to the axial position of the internal counterweight 320. The phase of the bullet hole 210 is adjusted by adjusting the position of the through hole on one side wall on the outer periphery of the bomb rack 200; the two fixing holes 331 are respectively used to cooperate with the two groups of external directional through holes 250 to fix the phase of the external counterweight 330; the counterweight compartment 300 mainly determines the phase of the bullet hole 210 through the internal counterweight 320, and the external counterweight 330 is used to fine-tune the balance, which can achieve an adjustment of a directional angle less than 45°.

[0084] Reference Figures 11 to 16 The combined cabin 400 includes a combined cabin body 410 , a combined cabin upper cover 420 , a selective firing module 430 , a detonator 440 , a detonating cord 450 , a selective firing switch terminal block 460 and a protection module 470 .

[0085] The combined cabin body 410 includes a combined cabin semi-cylindrical section 411, a combined cabin cylindrical section 412 and a combined cabin truncated cone section 413 which are arranged in sequence; the combined cabin semi-cylindrical section 411 and the combined cabin cylindrical section 412 are located in the bomb rack 200, and the outer side wall (curved surface) of the combined cabin semi-cylindrical section 411 is provided with a second pin hole 4200, and a positioning pin is provided in the second pin hole 4200, and the positioning pin is engaged with the positioning through hole 240 to fix the phase of the combined cabin 400.

[0086] A first mounting groove 415 and a third mounting groove 417 extending axially are arranged on the inner side wall (plane) of the semi-cylindrical section 411 of the combined cabin, and a second mounting groove 416 is arranged on the bottom surface; the radial cross-section of the first mounting groove 415 is an eight-shaped shape with an open outer end (to accommodate detonators 440 of different diameters), and parallel detonators 440 and detonating cords 450 are arranged in the first mounting groove 415 to ensure reliable transmission; the second mounting groove 416 is provided with a selection module 430; the third mounting groove 417 is provided with a selection switch terminal block 460; the selection module 430, the selection switch terminal block 460, the detonator 440 and the detonating cord 450 are connected in sequence.

[0087] A combination cabin limiting ring 414 is provided at the connection between the combination cabin cylindrical section 412 and the combination cabin conical section 413, and the top surface of the combination cabin limiting ring 414 abuts against the bottom surface of the bomb rack 200; the outer diameter of the combination cabin conical section 413 decreases in the direction away from the bomb rack 200 to adapt to the external structure, and an inserted protection module 470 and a coaxial elastic contact seat 5 are provided inside.

[0088] The working process of the combined cabin 400 is as follows:

[0089] Step 1: Preparation before going down the well:

[0090] Before going down the well, the protection module 470 short-circuits the two ends of the detonator 440 through the internal circuit, and at the same time, the input end of the protection module 470 is short-circuited with the ground wire to form electrostatic protection, thereby preventing the detonator 440 from being mis-detonated due to static electricity or external interference;

[0091] Step 2: Downhole operation:

[0092] When operating downhole, pull out the protection module 470

[0093] Step 3: Detonation mission:

[0094] When the operator sends a detonation signal through the selection module 430 , the detonation signal is transmitted to the selected detonator 440 through the selection switch terminal block 460 ; the detonator 440 detonates the detonating cord 450 after receiving the detonation signal.

[0095] The safety design of the present invention is as follows:

[0096] (1) Short circuit protection: When the trigger module 430 is not activated, the protection module 470 ensures that the detonator 440 does not explode by mistake by short circuiting, and the input end is short-circuited to the ground to eliminate the risk of static electricity underground, thereby protecting the trigger module 430 from damage.

[0097] (2) Static electricity elimination: refer to Figure 7 , Fig.11 , Fig.19 The inner circumference of the counterweight cabin limit ring 313 and the inner circumference of the combination cabin limit ring 414 are both provided with grounding springs 6, realizing dual redundant electrical toughness grounding and ensuring the reliability of grounding; the grounding springs 6 include a connected outer section 601 and a connecting section 602; the two ends of the connecting section 602 of the grounding spring 6 on the counterweight cabin 300 are fixed on the outer side wall of the counterweight cabin semi-cylindrical section 312, and the middle protrusion is used to contact with the bomb rack 200, and the connection between the outer section 601 and the connecting section 602 is located at the counterweight cabin limit ring 3 13 inner circumference, there is a gap between the outer section 601 and the counterweight cabin cone section 311, and the outer section 601 is used to contact with the external structure; the two ends of the connecting section 602 of the grounding spring piece 6 on the combined cabin 400 are fixed on the outer side wall of the combined cabin cylindrical section 412, and the middle protrusion is used to contact with the bomb rack 200, the connection between the outer section 601 and the connecting section 602 is located on the inner circumference of the combined cabin limit ring 414, there is a gap between the outer section 601 and the combined cabin cone section 413, and the outer section 601 is used to contact with the external structure.

[0098] (3) Modular components: Detonator 440, detonating cord 450, and selective firing module 430 are all designed with independent installation slots to facilitate maintenance and replacement.

[0099] Reference Figures 11 to 13 , Fig.16 The combined cabin upper cover 420 is arranged on the combined cabin semi-cylindrical section 411 and is adapted to the inner wall of the bomb rack 200; an insertion key block 421 is arranged at the lower end of the combined cabin upper cover 420, and open slots 422 are arranged on both sides to prevent radial and axial falling off; a slot 418 cooperating with the insertion key block 421 and a key block 419 cooperating with the open slot 422 are arranged on the combined cabin semi-cylindrical section 411.

[0100] Reference Fig. 22 , an oil and gas well self-directional perforating system, comprising a plurality of the above-mentioned oil and gas well self-directional perforating devices, two adjacent oil and gas well self-directional perforating devices are connected by a conversion joint 700. The conversion joint 700 adopts an insertion structure design, which can be quickly disassembled and assembled, and is convenient for the combination and adjustment of the oil and gas well self-directional perforating devices.

[0101] The upper part of the joint 710 extends into the annular cavity between the gun body 100 of the previous oil and gas well self-directional perforating device and the combined cabin truncated cone section 413, and the core member 720 contacts the elastic contact seat 5 of the combined cabin truncated cone section 413;

[0102] The lower part of the joint 710 extends into the annular cavity between the gun body 100 of the next oil and gas well self-directional perforating device and the counterweight cabin frustum section 311 , and the core member 720 contacts the elastic contact seat 5 of the counterweight cabin frustum section 311 .

[0103] The core member 720 provides an electrical conduction path by contacting the elastic contact seat 5 of the combined cabin 400 and the counterweight cabin 300, thereby ensuring the continuity of electrical signals between multiple oil and gas well self-directional perforating devices, so that they can be ignited and detonated in sequence.

[0104] Annular grooves are provided at both ends of the joint 710, and bearings 730 are provided in the annular grooves by stamping; the two bearings 730 are respectively located at the outer circumference of the upper part (the truncated cone section 311) of the counterweight cabin body 310 of the next oil and gas well self-oriented perforating device and the outer circumference of the lower part (the truncated cone section 413) of the combined cabin body 410 of the previous oil and gas well self-oriented perforating device.

[0105] The outer diameters of the combined cabin truncated cone section 413 and the counterweight cabin truncated cone section 311 decrease gradually in the direction away from the bomb rack 200, and automatically enter the corresponding bearing 730 during installation, ensuring coaxial installation.

[0106] The gun body 100 of the oil and gas well self-directional perforating device is a double female thread sealing structure, and the joint 710 is a double male thread sealing structure.

Claims

1. A self-directional perforating device for oil and gas wells, characterized in that: It comprises a gun body (100), a bomb rack (200) coaxially arranged in the gun body (100), and a counterweight cabin (300) and a combination cabin (400) coaxially arranged at the top and bottom of the bomb rack (200); The bullet rack (200) is a hollow cylinder, and its side wall is provided with at least one bullet hole (210), a plurality of inner directional through holes (220), a plurality of through-line holes (230) and a positioning through hole (240); each bullet hole (210) is used to set a perforating bullet, and the central axis of each perforating bullet is perpendicular to the central axis of the bullet rack (200); the outer side wall of the gun body (100) is provided with annular blind grooves (110) equal in number to the bullet holes (210) and corresponding in axial position, and the width of each annular blind groove (110) increases radially from the inside to the outside; The counterweight cabin (300) comprises a counterweight cabin body (310), an inner counterweight (320) and an outer counterweight (330); the lower part of the counterweight cabin body (310) is located in the bomb rack (200) and connected to the inner counterweight (320); a directional elastic pin is provided on the outer side wall of the lower part of the counterweight cabin body (310), and the directional elastic pin is used to engage with one of the inner directional through holes (220) to fix the phase of the bullet hole (210); a counterweight cabin limiting ring (313) is provided in the middle part of the counterweight cabin body (310), and the bottom surface of the counterweight cabin limiting ring (313) abuts against the top surface of the bomb rack (200); The external counterweight (330) is a hollow cylinder, and a through hole is provided on one side wall, and at least one fixing hole (331) is provided on the other side wall. The external counterweight (330) is used to be sleeved on the outer periphery of the bullet rack (200) and corresponds to the axial position of the internal counterweight (320). The phase of the bullet hole (210) is adjusted by adjusting the position of the through hole on its side wall on the outer periphery of the bullet rack (200). The side wall of the bomb rack (200) is provided with at least one group of external directional through holes (250) arranged in a circumferential direction, and each group of external directional through holes (250) is used to cooperate with a fixing hole (331) to fix the phase of the external counterweight (330); The combined cabin (400) comprises a combined cabin body (410), the upper part of which is located in the bomb rack (200) and is provided with a selective firing module (430), a detonator (440) and a detonating cord (450) connected in sequence, and a positioning pin is provided on the outer side wall of the upper part of the combined cabin body (410), and the positioning pin is engaged with the positioning through hole (240) to fix the phase of the combined cabin; a combined cabin limiting ring (414) is provided in the middle part of the combined cabin body (410), and the top surface of the combined cabin limiting ring (414) is in contact with the bottom surface of the bomb rack (200); an inserted protection module (470) is provided in the lower part of the counterweight cabin body (310), and the protection module (470) short-circuits the two ends of the detonator (440) through an internal circuit, and the input end of the protection module (470) is short-circuited with the ground wire; The upper portion of the counterweight cabin (310) and the lower portion of the combined cabin (410) are both provided with elastic contact seats (5), and the upper portion of the counterweight cabin (310) and the lower portion of the combined cabin (410) are both truncated cone structures whose outer diameters gradually decrease in a direction away from the bomb rack (200); The inner circumference of the counterweight cabin limiting ring (313) and the inner circumference of the combined cabin limiting ring (414) are both provided with grounding spring pieces (6); one end of the grounding spring piece (6) contacts the spring frame (200), and the other end is used to contact the external structure.

2. The oil and gas well self-directional perforating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight cabin body (310) comprises a counterweight cabin semi-cylindrical section (312) and a counterweight cabin truncated cone section (311); the counterweight cabin limiting ring (313) is located at the connection between the counterweight cabin semi-cylindrical section (312) and the counterweight cabin truncated cone section (311); the counterweight cabin truncated cone section (311) is the truncated cone structure; The semi-cylindrical section (312) of the counterweight compartment extends into the bomb rack (200), the outer wall is provided with the directional elastic pin, and the inner wall is connected to the inner counterweight (320); A groove (317) is axially arranged on the bottom surface of the semi-cylindrical section (312) of the counterweight cabin, and at least one supporting plate (318) is arranged in the groove (317).

3. The self-directional perforating device for oil and gas wells according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ballast compartment (300) further comprises connecting bolts; A horizontal baffle (316) is provided at the lower end of the inner side wall of the semi-cylindrical section (312) of the counterweight cabin, and the horizontal baffle (316) is used to limit the axial position of the inner counterweight (320); The inner wall of the semi-cylindrical section (312) of the counterweight compartment is provided with a radial through hole (319) on the axis; the outer wall of the semi-cylindrical section (312) of the counterweight compartment is provided with a mounting hole (315) corresponding to the radial through hole (319); The inner counterweight (320) is a semi-cylinder, and a radial groove (321) is provided on the inner side surface; The connecting bolt passes through the radial through hole (319) and is fixed to the inner wall of the radial groove (321) to define the radial position of the inner counterweight (320); and the mounting hole (315) is used for mounting the connecting bolt.

4. A self-directional perforating device for oil and gas wells according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The combined cabin body (410) comprises a combined cabin semi-cylindrical section (411), a combined cabin cylindrical section (412) and a combined cabin frustum section (413) which are arranged in sequence; the combined cabin frustum section (413) is the frustum structure; The combined cabin semi-cylindrical section (411) and the combined cabin cylindrical section (412) are located in the bomb rack (200); the combined cabin semi-cylindrical section (411) is provided with an axially extending first mounting groove (415) and a second mounting groove (416), as well as a third mounting groove (417) and the positioning spring pin; the radial cross section of the first mounting groove (415) is an eight-shaped shape with an open outer end; the detonator (440) and the detonating cord (450) are arranged in parallel in the first mounting groove (415); the opening of the second mounting groove (416) is located on the top surface of the combined cabin semi-cylindrical section (411); the second mounting groove (416) is provided with the selective firing module (430); the third mounting groove (417) is provided with a selective firing switch wiring seat (460), and the selective firing switch wiring seat (460) connects the selective firing module (430) and the detonator (440).

5. The oil and gas well self-directional perforating device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The combined cabin also includes a combined cabin upper cover (420) arranged on the combined cabin semi-cylindrical section (411); an insertion key block (421) is arranged at the lower end of the combined cabin upper cover (420), and opening slots (422) are arranged on both sides to prevent radial and axial falling off; and a slot (418) cooperating with the insertion key block (421) and a key block (419) cooperating with the opening slot (422) are arranged on the combined cabin semi-cylindrical section (411).

6. The oil and gas well self-directional perforating device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The through-wire holes (230) are pear-shaped and are two in number. The two through-wire holes (230) are respectively located at two ends of the bomb rack (200).

7. A self-directional perforating system for oil and gas wells, characterized by: It comprises a plurality of oil and gas well self-oriented perforating devices according to claim 1, wherein two adjacent oil and gas well self-oriented perforating devices are connected via a conversion joint (700); The conversion joint (700) comprises a joint (710) and a core member (720) coaxially arranged in the joint (710); the upper portion of the joint (710) extends into an annular cavity between a gun body (100) of a previous oil and gas well self-directional perforating device and the lower portion of a combined cabin (410), and the core member (720) contacts an elastic contact seat (5) at the lower portion of the combined cabin (410); The lower part of the joint (710) extends into the annular cavity between the gun body (100) of the next oil and gas well self-directional perforating device and the upper part of the counterweight cabin (310), and the core piece (720) contacts the elastic contact seat (5) on the upper part of the counterweight cabin (310).

8. The oil and gas well self-oriented perforating system according to claim 7, characterized in that: Both ends of the joint (710) are provided with annular grooves, and bearings (730) are provided in the annular grooves by stamping; the two bearings (730) are respectively located on the upper periphery of the counterweight cabin (310) of the next oil and gas well self-directional perforating device and the lower periphery of the combined cabin (410) of the previous oil and gas well self-directional perforating device.

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