Equipment and method for detecting the amount of degradable mulch film residue in farmland soil

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device and method for detecting the amount of degradable mulch film residue in farmland soil in the technical field of sampling device, including a sampling component, wherein the sampling component and the soil form a light-shielding cavity, the sampling component includes a sampling box and a top cover fixed on the top of the sampling box, a discharge port and an interception channel are provided on the side of the sampling box, and an interception transmission plate is detachably connected to the interior of the interception channel, and the sampling component is used for light-shielding to collect soil samples with degradable mulch film, and inhibit microorganisms in the soil sample from decomposing the degradable mulch film remaining in the soil sample. The present invention can effectively reduce the intensity and amount of light decomposition of the degradable mulch film remaining in the soil sample by providing a fully light-shielding device for detecting the amount of degradable mulch film residue, and can effectively reduce the detection error of the amount of degradable mulch film residue and improve the detection accuracy of the light-degradable mulch film residue by providing a fully light-shielding device for detecting the amount of degradable mulch film residue, thereby effectively reducing the detection error of the amount of degradable mulch film residue and improving the detection accuracy of the light-degradable mulch film residue.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sampling devices, and in particular to equipment and a method for detecting the amount of degradable mulch film residue in farmland soil. Background Art

[0002] Degradable mulch is an environmentally friendly material laid on farmland soil. It can usually be decomposed into water and carbon dioxide through microbial action or photooxidation to reduce pollution to the soil and the environment. Compared with traditional polyethylene mulch, soil degradable mulch will not leave difficult-to-decompose plastic particles in the soil, and can reduce the risk of soil clogging, but its complete degradation has a certain periodicity. According to the degradation characteristics of degradable mulch, it can be divided into biodegradable mulch, photodegradable mulch, photo- and bio-degradable mulch, and liquid mulch.

[0003] In order to identify the tolerance and retention period of degradable mulch films in different soils, it is necessary to detect the amount of mulch film residues in the soil. The existing method for detecting mulch film residues is: by setting monitoring points on the farmland, and sampling using the "snake line method" or "plum blossom point method" according to the actual shape of the farmland, the area and number of sample plots are determined, and the samples are soaked in pure water, cleaned in the soil, dried naturally, weighed on a balance, and data recorded in turn to complete the calculation of the mulch film residues. However, the existing method for detecting mulch film residues does not take into account the degradation characteristics of different degradable films. The samples after seed sampling are continuously in contact with light and microorganisms in the sample soil, resulting in the mulch film still being decomposed during the sampling and testing process, resulting in deviations between the calculated mulch film residues and the decomposition rate of the degradable mulch film and the actual values, making the calculation results of the mulch film residues inaccurate, affecting soil fertility management. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for detecting the residual amount of degradable mulch film in farmland soil, which can detect the residual amount of mulch film fragments in deep soil, which is beneficial to improve the accuracy of soil residue detection results and provide an effective reference basis for soil management.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a device for detecting the amount of degradable mulch film residue in farmland soil, comprising a sampling component, a sorting component and a soil layer mulch film residue detection component;

[0007] The sampling component and the soil form a light-shielding cavity, and the light-shielding cavity can store the soil sample in a light-shielding manner, so as to prevent the degradable mulch film remaining in the collected soil sample from being decomposed by the ambient light, thereby avoiding affecting the accuracy of the measurement result of the residual amount of the degradable mulch film. The sampling component is used to collect the soil sample with the degradable mulch film in a light-shielding manner, and inhibit the microorganisms in the soil sample from decomposing the degradable mulch film remaining in the soil sample. By inhibiting the microorganisms in the soil sample from decomposing the degradable mulch film remaining in the soil sample, the amount of the degradable mulch film remaining in the soil sample that is further decomposed by the microorganisms in the soil sample during the detection process can be reduced, which is conducive to reducing the error of the detection result, so that the retention time of the degradable mulch film in the soil can be accurately calculated according to the sampling time of the soil sample, and the deviation of the calculation result of the decomposition rate of the degradable mulch film can be reduced, which is conducive to improving the accuracy of the degradation rate of the degradable mulch film in the soil, and can provide reliable data support for farmland soil fertility management;

[0008] The side of the sampling component is detachably connected to the sorting component, and the sorting component is used to manually separate impurities in the soil sample, wherein the impurities include stones with a diameter of more than 3 cm. By reducing the impurities in the soil sample, the influence of non-soil substances on the calculation result of the residual amount of degradable mulch in the soil can be reduced;

[0009] The bottom of the sorting component is connected to the soil layer mulch film residue detection component, and the soil layer mulch film residue detection component is used to detect the top surface area ratio of the degradable mulch film remaining on the cross-section of the thin soil layer.

[0010] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for detecting the amount of degradable mulch film residue in farmland soil, comprising:

[0011] The farmland soil sample is collected by using the farmland soil degradable mulch film residue detection device as described in the above scheme, and impurities with a diameter of more than 3 cm are sorted and removed from the soil sample;

[0012] The image acquisition module is used to collect the percentage of the amount of degradable mulch film residue on the top surface of a single soil layer to the area of ​​the top surface of the soil layer where it is located, and the amount of degradable mulch film residue is calculated proportionally;

[0013] The top surface areas of the soil layers of each collected image are added together to obtain the sum of the top surface areas of the soil layers of the collected images. Meanwhile, the top surface areas of the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface of the soil layer areas of each collected image are added together to obtain the sum of the top surface areas of the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface of the soil layer areas of the collected images. The percentage of the area of ​​the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface of the soil layer areas of the collected images to the top surface area of ​​the soil layers of the collected images is calculated.

[0014] Multiply twice the area of ​​the degradable mulch film remaining in the soil sample by the area of ​​the soil where the degradable mulch film was initially laid, and divide the product by the top surface area of ​​the soil sample to obtain the total value of the area of ​​the degradable mulch film remaining in the soil;

[0015] By querying the original laying data recorded by the degradable mulch film laying unit, the initial laying area and quality of the degradable mulch film on the sampled soil were obtained;

[0016] Based on the proportional relationship between the film area and mass, the residual amount of degradable film in the soil sample was calculated.

[0017] Specifically, the thickness of the thin layer of soil is 1 mm to 5 mm, and the residual amount of degradable mulch is calculated proportionally. By collecting the percentage of the residual amount of degradable mulch on the top surface of a single soil layer to the area of ​​the top surface of the soil layer where it is located, the area of ​​the soil layer of the collected image is set as set A, and the area of ​​the top surface of the soil layer of each collected image is taken as an element of set A, and the area of ​​the top surface of the soil layer of each collected image is set to So,

[0018] Set A = { |n∈positive integer};

[0019] The top surface area of ​​the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface of the soil layer area of ​​the collected image is set as set B, and the top surface area of ​​the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface of the soil layer area of ​​each collected image is taken as an element of set B, and the top surface area of ​​the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface of the soil layer area of ​​each collected image is set as , set then,

[0020] Set B = { |m∈positive integer};

[0021] The sum A' of the soil layer areas of the collected images is obtained by adding the top surface areas of the soil layers of each collected image, and the top surface areas of the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface of the soil layer of each collected image are added to obtain the top surface area B' of the soil layer top surface area of ​​the collected image. By calculating the ratio of B' to A', the percentage of the area of ​​the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface of the soil layer of the collected image to the top surface area of ​​the soil layer of the collected image can be obtained, and the percentage = B' / A'*100%;

[0022] On the other hand, the top surface area of ​​the soil layer of the collected image, the top surface area of ​​the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface, B' is the area C' of the degradable mulch remaining in the soil sample. Through multiple sampling, the average value B' is taken, B~, B~=C';

[0023] The total value of the residual area of ​​the degradable mulch in the soil is equal to twice the area C' of the degradable mulch remaining in the soil sample * the soil area of ​​the initial laying of the degradable mulch / the top surface area of ​​the soil sample. The total value is set to C. By querying the original laying data recorded by the degradable mulch laying unit, the initial laying area D of the degradable mulch on the sampled soil is obtained. The top surface area of ​​the soil sample can be obtained by measuring the opening area of ​​the sawtooth sampling port 12. The top surface area of ​​the soil sample is set to E, then 2C'*D / E=C;

[0024] According to the relationship that the area and mass of the mulch are proportional, it can be obtained that: the ratio of the top surface area E of the residual degradable mulch in the soil sample to the initial laying area D of the degradable mulch on the sampled soil is equal to the ratio of the mass of the residual amount of the degradable mulch in the soil sample to the mass of the initial laying area of ​​the degradable mulch on the sampled soil, and the mass of the residual amount of the degradable mulch in the soil sample is obtained, and the residual amount of the degradable mulch in the soil sample is obtained.

[0025] As a further solution of the present invention: the sampling component includes a sampling box and a top cover fixed on the top of the sampling box, a telescopic part is formed at the connection between the top of the detection box and the outlet channel, a discharge port and an interception channel are opened on the side of the sampling box, and a retention transmission plate is detachably connected to the interior of the interception channel. The retention transmission plate is composed of a bracket and a conveyor belt installed on the inner wall of the bracket. The retention transmission plate cuts off the sampled soil in the sampling box and forms a triangular prism chamber with the light-shielding cavity. The soil stored in the triangular prism chamber is used as the soil sample to be tested, and the conveyor belt is used to convey the soil sample to be tested to the sorting component to screen impurities.

[0026] As a further solution of the present invention: the bottom of the sampling box is integrally formed with a serrated sampling port, and the top of the top cover is penetrated by a light intensity detection module and a distance detection module, the light intensity detection module is used to detect the light intensity in the triangular prism chamber, and convert the light intensity into a digital signal through a built-in analog-to-digital converter and send it to the single-chip microcomputer module, the top of the sampling box is penetrated by an exhaust channel, one end of the exhaust channel is connected to an exhaust fan, a first valve is installed on the surface of the exhaust channel, the top of the top cover is penetrated by a nitrogen delivery channel, a second valve is installed on the surface of the nitrogen delivery channel, the nitrogen delivery channel is connected to an external nitrogen source, by starting the exhaust fan, opening the first valve, and after the gas in the sampling box is discharged from the exhaust channel, opening the second valve, nitrogen gas can be introduced into the sampling box, inhibiting the aerobic and anaerobic respiration of microorganisms in the soil sample, and preventing the degradable mulch film remaining in the soil sample from being decomposed by the microorganisms in the soil sample, which is beneficial to reducing the consumption of the degradable mulch film after sampling and reducing the calculation error of the residual amount of the degradable mulch film.

[0027] As a further solution of the present invention: the sorting component includes a sorting box, a derivation channel connected to the bottom of the sorting box, a third valve and a humidity detection module are installed on the surface of the derivation channel, a docking interface adapted to be connected to the discharge port is formed on one side of the sorting box, a partition plate is welded inside the sorting box, the partition plate and the inner wall of the sorting box form an impurity cavity, at least one sorting port is opened on the top of the sorting box, the sorting port is used to manually select impurities in the soil in the sorting box and place the impurities in the impurity cavity, and a sealing cover is adapted to be connected at the top opening of the sorting port.

[0028] As a further solution of the present invention: a nitrogen drying tube is connected through the top of the sorting box, and a fourth valve and a hot air blower are installed on the surface of the nitrogen drying tube. When the hot air blower is started and the fourth valve is opened, an external nitrogen source can be connected through the nitrogen drying tube, and heated nitrogen can be transported into the sorting box to reduce the moisture in the soil sample in the sorting box, which is beneficial to separate the residual degradable mulch film from the soil on its surface. By arranging a full light-shielding detection device and a sampling component and a sorting component that can inhibit the respiration of microorganisms, the decomposition of the residual degradable mulch film in the soil sample by the ambient light and the microorganisms in the sampled soil after sampling can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing the detection error and improving the detection accuracy of the residual degradable mulch film.

[0029] As a further solution of the present invention: the soil layer mulch residue detection component includes a detection box and an image acquisition module. A vibration motor is installed on one side of the detection box. Starting the vibration motor can vibrate the detection box and the soil sample inside it, so that the soil is separated from the film on its surface, which is convenient for laying a thin layer of soil sample on the inner bottom of the detection box. A weighing plate is installed on the inner bottom of the detection box, and an electric heating plate is installed on the top of the weighing plate. A gravity detection module is installed inside the weighing plate. The weighing plate is used to weigh the mass of the soil sample exported from the export channel in the detection box each time. The mass value of the soil sample exported from the export channel next time is the mass value of the second soil sample minus the mass value of the weighed soil sample. The image acquisition module is used to collect thermal imaging images of the thin layer of soil sample inside the detection box, and analyze the area ratio of the degradable mulch.

[0030] As a further solution of the present invention: the soil film residue detection component also includes a single-chip computer module, and a display module, a storage module and a power module electrically connected to the output end of the single-chip computer module. The storage module is used to store the input and output data of the single-chip computer module. The input pin of the single-chip computer module is electrically connected to the light intensity detection module, the distance detection module, the humidity detection module, the temperature detection module, the counting module, the timing module and the image acquisition module. A microbial sensor is installed on the side of the detection box, and a soil layer thickness detection module is connected to the top surface of the detection box. The soil layer thickness detection module is a distance sensor used to detect the soil layer thickness data in the detection box. The thickness of the soil layer in the box remains consistent after each laying, which is conducive to accurately calculating the residual area of ​​the degradable mulch on the surface of the soil layer laid in the detection box. The image acquisition module includes an optical system for imaging and an infrared detector for detecting the thin layer of soil in the detection box. The output end of the infrared detector is electrically connected to an amplifier, and the amplifier is used to amplify the signal and transmit the amplified signal to the signal processor. The signal processor sends the processed image signal to the single-chip microcomputer module, and outputs it to the display module through the single-chip microcomputer module. The output end of the gravity detection module is electrically connected to the input end of the counting module. The display module is a display screen for displaying the image data of the image acquisition module.

[0031] As a further solution of the present invention: a temperature detection module is installed through the side of the detection box, and the temperature detection module is used to collect temperature data in the detection box, and convert the collected temperature data into electrical signals and send them to the single-chip computer module. At the same time, the timing module calculates the cooling time after the temperature in the detection box reaches a certain value. Since the specific heat capacity of soil and degradable mulch is different, when the two have the same temperature, the temperature drop range in the same period of time is different, which is conducive to the image acquisition module to collect thermal imaging images in the detection box.

[0032] As a further solution of the present invention: the residue detection equipment also includes a sampling force-applying component that is adapted and snap-connected to the sampling component, and the sampling force-applying component is used to apply sampling pressure to the sampling component, so that the sampling box penetrates deep into the soil under the soil sample collection area, so that the collected soil fills the light-shielding cavity.

[0033] As a further solution of the present invention: the force-applying assembly includes a force frame and a lifting hydraulic cylinder fixed at the bottom of the force frame, a fastening clamping plate is welded on the side of the sampling box, a claw adapted to fasten the clamping plate is welded on the bottom of the lowering hydraulic cylinder, and telescopic buckles are spring-connected at both ends of the claw, which can fasten the clamping plate.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. In the present invention, by inhibiting the aerobic and anaerobic respiration of microorganisms in the soil sample, the degradable mulch film remaining in the soil sample is prevented from being decomposed by the microorganisms in the soil sample, which is beneficial to reduce the consumption of the degradable mulch film after sampling, reduce the calculation error of the residual amount of the degradable mulch film, and improve the calculation accuracy of the residual amount of the mulch film degraded by microorganisms.

[0036] 2. In the present invention, by setting up a fully light-shielding detection device for the residual amount of degradable mulch film, the light decomposition intensity and decomposition amount of the residual degradable mulch film in the soil sample caused by ambient light after sampling can be effectively reduced, which can effectively reduce the detection error of the residual amount of degradable mulch film and improve the detection accuracy of the residual photodegradable mulch film. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a partial exploded structural diagram of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the sampling box of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a connection structure diagram of the sorting box of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 It is a connection structure diagram of the force-applying assembly of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 It is the module connection diagram of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of the image acquisition module of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 8 It is a diagram of the method steps of the present invention.

[0045] In the figure: 1. Sampling assembly; 11. Sampling box; 110. Retention channel; 111. Fastening card plate; 12. Sawtooth sampling port; 13. Top cover; 14. Light intensity detection module; 15. Distance detection module; 16. Exhaust channel; 161. Exhaust fan; 162. First valve; 17. Nitrogen delivery channel; 171. Second valve; 18. Retention conveyor plate; 19. Discharge port; 2. Sorting assembly; 21. Sorting box; 211. Separator; 22. Docking port; 23. Nitrogen drying tube; 24. Fourth valve ; 25. Hot air blower; 26. Sorting port; 261. Sealing cover; 27. Export channel; 271. Third valve; 28. Humidity detection module; 3. Soil film residue detection component; 31. Detection box; 32. Weighing plate; 33. Vibration motor; 34. Electric heating plate; 35. Temperature detection module; 36. Microbial sensor; 37. Soil thickness detection module; 4. Image acquisition module; 5. Force application component; 51. Bracket; 52. Lowering hydraulic cylinder; 53. Claw; 6. Single chip microcomputer module; 7. Display module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] Embodiment:

[0048] See also Figure 1-Figure 4 , a device for detecting the residual amount of degradable mulch film in farmland soil, comprising a sampling component 1, a sorting component 2 and a soil mulch film residual amount detection component 3;

[0049] The sampling component 1 forms a light-shielding cavity with the soil, and the light-shielding cavity can store soil samples in a light-shielding manner, thereby preventing the degradable mulch film remaining in the collected soil sample from being decomposed by ambient light, thereby avoiding affecting the accuracy of the measurement result of the residual amount of the degradable mulch film. The sampling component 1 is used to collect soil samples with degradable mulch film in a light-shielding manner, and inhibit the microorganisms in the soil sample from decomposing the degradable mulch film remaining in the soil sample. By inhibiting the microorganisms in the soil sample from decomposing the degradable mulch film remaining in the soil sample, the amount of the degradable mulch film remaining in the soil sample that is further decomposed by the microorganisms in the soil sample during the detection process can be reduced, which is beneficial to reducing the error of the detection result, thereby being able to accurately calculate the retention time of the degradable mulch film in the soil according to the sampling time of the soil sample, reducing the deviation of the calculation result of the decomposition rate of the degradable mulch film, and being beneficial to improving the accuracy of the degradation rate of the degradable mulch film in the soil, and being able to provide reliable data support for farmland soil fertility management;

[0050] The side of the sampling component 1 is detachably connected to the sorting component 2, and the sorting component 2 is used to artificially separate impurities in the soil sample. The impurities include stones with a diameter of more than 3 cm. By reducing the impurities in the soil sample, the influence of non-soil substances on the calculation result of the residual amount of degradable mulch in the soil can be reduced;

[0051] The bottom of the sorting component 2 is connected to the soil layer mulch film residue detection component 3, and the soil layer mulch film residue detection component 3 is used to detect the top surface area ratio of the degradable mulch film remaining on the cross section of the thin soil layer.

[0052] like Figure 8 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for detecting the amount of degradable mulch film residue in farmland soil, comprising:

[0053] S1: Collect farmland soil samples using the farmland soil degradable mulch film residue detection device described in the above scheme, and sort out impurities with a diameter of more than 3 cm from the soil samples;

[0054] S2: collecting the percentage of the residual amount of degradable mulch film on the top surface of a single soil layer to the area of ​​the top surface of the soil layer where it is located through an image acquisition module, and calculating the residual amount of the degradable mulch film in proportion;

[0055] S3: Calculate the top surface area of ​​the soil layer of the collected image and the percentage of the area of ​​the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface of the soil layer of the collected image;

[0056] Preferably, in step S3, the top surface area of ​​the soil layer of each collected image is added to obtain the sum of the soil layer areas of the collected images, and at the same time, the top surface area of ​​the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface of the soil layer area of ​​each collected image is added to obtain the sum of the top surface area of ​​the soil layer of the collected image and the top surface area of ​​the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface;

[0057] S4: multiply twice the area of ​​the degradable mulch film remaining in the soil sample by the soil area where the degradable mulch film was initially laid, and divide the product by the top surface area of ​​the soil sample to obtain the total value of the area of ​​the degradable mulch film remaining in the soil;

[0058] S5: by querying the original laying data recorded by the degradable mulch film laying unit, the initial laying area and mass of the degradable mulch film on the sampled soil are obtained;

[0059] S6: Based on the relationship that the area and mass of the mulch film are proportional, the residual amount of the degradable mulch film in the soil sample is calculated.

[0060] Specifically, the thickness of the thin layer of soil is 1 mm to 5 mm, and the residual amount of degradable mulch is calculated proportionally. By collecting the percentage of the residual amount of degradable mulch on the top surface of a single soil layer to the area of ​​the top surface of the soil layer where it is located, the area of ​​the soil layer of the collected image is set as set A, and the area of ​​the top surface of the soil layer of each collected image is taken as an element of set A, and the area of ​​the top surface of the soil layer of each collected image is set to ,So,

[0061] Set A = { |n∈positive integer};

[0062] The top surface area of ​​the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface of the soil layer area of ​​the collected image is set as set B, and the top surface area of ​​the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface of the soil layer area of ​​each collected image is taken as an element of set B, and the top surface area of ​​the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface of the soil layer area of ​​each collected image is set as , set then,

[0063] Set B = { |m∈positive integer};

[0064] The sum A' of the soil layer areas of the collected images is obtained by adding the top surface areas of the soil layers of each collected image, and the top surface areas of the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface of the soil layer of each collected image are added to obtain the top surface area B' of the soil layer top surface area of ​​the collected image. By calculating the ratio of B' to A', the percentage of the area of ​​the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface of the soil layer of the collected image to the top surface area of ​​the soil layer of the collected image can be obtained, and the percentage = B' / A'*100%;

[0065] On the other hand, the top surface area of ​​the soil layer of the collected image and the top surface area of ​​the degradable mulch film remaining on the top surface B' are the area C' of the degradable mulch film remaining in the soil sample. In order to reduce the error, the average value B~ of B' is taken through multiple sampling, B~=C';

[0066] The total value of the residual area of ​​the degradable mulch in the soil is equal to twice the area C' of the degradable mulch remaining in the soil sample * the soil area of ​​the initial laying of the degradable mulch / the top surface area of ​​the soil sample. The total value is set to C. By querying the original laying data recorded by the degradable mulch laying unit, the initial laying area D of the degradable mulch on the sampled soil is obtained. The top surface area of ​​the soil sample can be obtained by measuring the opening area of ​​the sawtooth sampling port 12. The top surface area of ​​the soil sample is set to E, then 2C'*D / E=C;

[0067] According to the relationship that the area and mass of the mulch are proportional, it can be obtained that: the ratio of the top surface area E of the residual degradable mulch in the soil sample to the initial laying area D of the degradable mulch on the sampled soil is equal to the ratio of the mass of the residual amount of the degradable mulch in the soil sample to the mass of the initial laying area of ​​the degradable mulch on the sampled soil, and the mass of the residual amount of the degradable mulch in the soil sample is obtained, and the residual amount of the degradable mulch in the soil sample is obtained.

[0068] See also Figure 1-Figure 3 The sampling assembly 1 includes a sampling box 11 and a top cover 13 fixed on the top of the sampling box 11. A discharge port 19 and a retention channel 110 are provided on the side of the sampling box 11. A retention conveying plate 18 is detachably connected to the interior of the retention channel 110. The retention conveying plate 18 is composed of a bracket and a conveyor belt installed on the inner wall of the bracket. The retention conveying plate 18 cuts off the sampled soil in the sampling box 11 and forms a triangular prism chamber with the light-shielding cavity. The soil stored in the triangular prism chamber is used as the soil sample to be tested. The conveyor belt is used to convey the tested soil sample to the sorting assembly 2 to screen impurities.

[0069] Preferably, the bottom of the sampling box 11 is integrally formed with a sawtooth sampling port 12, and the top of the top cover 13 is penetrated by a light intensity detection module 14 and a distance detection module 15, the light intensity detection module 14 is used to detect the light intensity in the triangular prism chamber, and convert the light intensity into a digital signal through a built-in analog-to-digital converter and send it to the single-chip module 6, the top of the sampling box 11 is penetrated by an exhaust channel 16, one end of the exhaust channel 16 is connected to an exhaust fan 161, and a first valve 162 is installed on the surface of the exhaust channel 16, and the top of the top cover 13 is penetrated by a nitrogen delivery channel 1 7. A second valve 171 is installed on the surface of the nitrogen delivery channel 17. The nitrogen delivery channel 17 is connected to an external nitrogen source. By starting the exhaust fan 161 and opening the first valve 162, after the gas in the sampling box 11 is discharged from the exhaust channel 16, the second valve 171 is opened to allow nitrogen gas to be introduced into the sampling box 11, thereby inhibiting aerobic and anaerobic respiration of microorganisms in the soil sample, and preventing the residual degradable mulch in the soil sample from being decomposed by the microorganisms in the soil sample, which is beneficial to reducing the consumption of the degradable mulch after sampling and reducing the calculation error of the residual amount of the degradable mulch.

[0070] See also Figure 2-Figure 3The sorting component 2 includes a sorting box 21 and a guide channel 27 connected to the bottom of the sorting box 21. A third valve 271 and a humidity detection module 28 are installed on the surface of the guide channel 27. A docking port 22 adapted to be connected to the discharge port 19 is formed on one side of the sorting box 21. A partition plate 211 is welded inside the sorting box 21. The partition plate 211 and the inner wall of the sorting box 21 form an impurity cavity. At least one sorting port 26 is opened on the top of the sorting box 21. The sorting port 26 is used to manually select impurities in the soil in the sorting box 21 and place the impurities in the impurity cavity. A sealing cover 261 is adapted to be connected to the top opening of the sorting port 26.

[0071] Preferably, a nitrogen drying tube 23 is connected through the top of the sorting box 21, and a fourth valve 24 and a hot air blower 25 are installed on the surface of the nitrogen drying tube 23. By starting the hot air blower 25 and opening the fourth valve 24, an external nitrogen source can be connected through the nitrogen drying tube 23, and heated nitrogen can be transported into the sorting box 21 to reduce the moisture in the soil sample in the sorting box 21, which is beneficial to separate the residual degradable mulch film from the soil on its surface. By setting up a full light-shielding detection device and a sampling component 1 and a sorting component 2 that can inhibit the respiration of microorganisms, the decomposition of the residual degradable mulch film in the soil sample by the ambient light and the microorganisms in the sampled soil after sampling can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing the detection error and improving the detection accuracy of the residual degradable mulch film.

[0072] See also Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The soil layer mulch residue detection component 3 includes a detection box 31 and an image acquisition module 4. A telescopic portion 38 is formed at the connection between the top of the detection box 31 and the outlet channel 27. A vibration motor 33 is installed on one side of the detection box 31. Starting the vibration motor 33 can vibrate the detection box 31 and the soil sample inside it, so that the soil is separated from the film on its surface, which is convenient for laying a thin layer of soil sample on the inner bottom of the detection box 31. A weighing plate 32 is installed on the inner bottom of the detection box 31, and an electric heating plate 34 is installed on the top of the weighing plate 32. A gravity detection module is installed inside the weighing plate 32. The weighing plate 32 is used to weigh the mass of the soil sample exported from the outlet channel 27 in the detection box 31 each time. The mass value of the soil sample exported from the outlet channel 27 next time is the mass value of the second soil sample minus the mass value of the weighed soil sample. The image acquisition module 4 is used to collect thermal imaging images of the thin layer of soil sample inside the detection box 31, and analyze the area ratio of the degradable mulch.

[0073] See also Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7The soil film residue detection component 3 also includes a single-chip computer module 6, a display module 7 electrically connected to the output end of the single-chip computer module 6, a storage module and a power module. The storage module is used to store the input and output data of the single-chip computer module 6. The input pin of the single-chip computer module 6 is electrically connected to the light intensity detection module 14, the distance detection module 15, the humidity detection module 28, the temperature detection module 35, the counting module, the timing module and the image acquisition module 4. A microbial sensor 36 is installed on the side of the detection box 31. The top surface of the detection box 31 is connected to a soil layer thickness detection module 37. The soil layer thickness detection module 37 is a distance sensor used to detect the soil layer thickness data in the detection box 31. The thickness of the soil layer in the detection box 31 remains consistent after each laying, which is conducive to accurately calculating the residual area of ​​the degradable mulch on the surface of the soil layer laid in the detection box 31. The image acquisition module 4 includes an optical system for imaging and an infrared detector for detecting the thin layer of soil in the detection box 31. The output end of the infrared detector is electrically connected to the amplifier, and the amplifier is used to amplify the signal and transmit the amplified signal to the signal processor. The signal processor sends the processed image signal to the single-chip microcomputer module 6, and outputs it to the display module 7 through the single-chip microcomputer module 6. The output end of the gravity detection module is electrically connected to the input end of the counting module. The display module 7 is a display screen for displaying the image data of the image acquisition module 4.

[0074] Preferably, a temperature detection module 35 is installed through the side of the detection box 31. The temperature detection module 35 is used to collect temperature data in the detection box 31, and convert the collected temperature data into electrical signals and send them to the single-chip computer module 6. At the same time, the timing module calculates the cooling time after the temperature in the detection box 31 reaches a certain value. Since the specific heat capacity of the soil and the degradable mulch is different, when the two have the same temperature, the temperature drop range in the same time period is different, which is beneficial for the image acquisition module 4 to collect the thermal imaging image in the detection box 31.

[0075] See also Figure 5 The residual detection device also includes a sampling force-applying component 5 that is adapted to be connected to the sampling component 1. The sampling force-applying component 5 is used to apply sampling pressure to the sampling component 1, so that the sampling box 11 penetrates deep into the soil under the soil sample collection area, so that the collected soil fills the light-shielding cavity.

[0076] Preferably, the force-applying assembly 5 includes a force-applying frame 51 and a lifting hydraulic cylinder 52 fixed at the bottom of the force-applying frame 51, a fastening clamping plate 111 is welded to the side of the sampling box 11, a claw 53 adapted to fasten the clamping plate 111 is welded to the bottom of the lowering hydraulic cylinder 52, and telescopic buckles are spring-connected at both ends of the claw 53, which can fasten the clamping plate 111.

[0077] The above are only preferred specific implementation modes of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Equipment for detecting the amount of degradable mulch film residue in farmland soil, characterized in that: include, A sampling assembly, wherein the sampling assembly and the soil form a light-shielding cavity, the sampling assembly comprises a sampling box and a top cover fixed on the top of the sampling box, the bottom of the sampling box is integrally formed with a serrated sampling port, the side of the sampling box is provided with a discharge port and an interception channel, the interior of the interception channel is detachably connected with an interception transmission plate, the sampling assembly is used for light-shielding collection of soil samples with degradable mulch, and inhibiting microorganisms in the soil sample from decomposing the degradable mulch remaining in the soil sample, the interception transmission plate is composed of a bracket and a conveyor belt installed on the inner wall of the bracket, the interception transmission plate intercepts the sampled soil in the sampling box and forms a triangular prism chamber with the light-shielding cavity; A sorting component, the sorting component comprises a sorting box, the bottom of the sorting box is connected to a derivation channel, a third valve and a humidity detection module are installed on the surface of the derivation channel, the side of the sampling component is detachably connected to the sorting component, and the sorting component is used to manually separate impurities in the soil sample; A soil layer mulch film residue detection component comprises a detection box and an image acquisition module, a telescopic portion is formed at the connection between the top of the detection box and the export channel, the bottom of the sorting component is connected to the soil layer mulch film residue detection component, and the soil layer mulch film residue detection component is used to detect the top surface area ratio of the degradable mulch film remaining on the cross-section of a thin layer of soil.

2. The equipment for detecting the amount of degradable mulch film residue in farmland soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A light intensity detection module and a distance detection module are installed through the top of the top cover, an exhaust channel is connected through the top of the sampling box, one end of the exhaust channel is connected to an exhaust fan, a first valve is installed on the surface of the exhaust channel, a nitrogen delivery channel is connected through the top of the top cover, a second valve is installed on the surface of the nitrogen delivery channel, and the nitrogen delivery channel is connected to an external nitrogen source.

3. The equipment for detecting the amount of degradable mulch film residue in farmland soil according to claim 2, characterized in that: A docking port adapted to engage the discharge port is formed on one side of the sorting box, a partition plate is welded inside the sorting box, the partition plate and the inner wall of the sorting box form an impurity cavity, and at least one sorting port is opened on the top of the sorting box.

4. The equipment for detecting the amount of degradable mulch film residue in farmland soil according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A nitrogen drying tube is connected through the top of the sorting box, and a fourth valve and a hot air blower are installed on the surface of the nitrogen drying tube.

5. The equipment for detecting the amount of degradable mulch film residue in farmland soil according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A vibration motor is installed on one side of the detection box, a weighing plate is installed on the inner bottom of the detection box, an electric heating plate is installed on the top of the weighing plate, and a gravity detection module is installed inside the weighing plate. The weighing plate is used to weigh the mass of the soil sample exported from the export channel in the detection box each time.

6. The equipment for detecting the amount of degradable mulch film residue in farmland soil according to claim 5, characterized in that: The soil layer mulch residue detection component also includes a single-chip microcomputer module, and a display module, a storage module and a power module electrically connected to the output end of the single-chip microcomputer module. The input pin of the single-chip microcomputer module is electrically connected to the light intensity detection module, the distance detection module, the humidity detection module, the temperature detection module, the counting module, the timing module and the image acquisition module. The output end of the gravity detection module is electrically connected to the input end of the counting module. A temperature detection module is installed through the side of the detection box. The temperature detection module is used to collect temperature data in the detection box, and convert the collected temperature data into electrical signals and send them to the single-chip microcomputer module. At the same time, the timing module calculates the cooling time after the temperature in the detection box reaches a certain value.

7. The equipment for detecting the amount of degradable mulch film residue in farmland soil according to claim 6, characterized in that: The residual detection device also includes a sampling force-applying component that is adapted and snap-connected to the sampling component. The sampling force-applying component is used to apply sampling pressure to the sampling component so that the sampling box penetrates deep into the soil under the soil sample collection area and the collected soil fills the light-shielding cavity.

8. The equipment for detecting the amount of degradable mulch film residue in farmland soil according to claim 7, characterized in that: The force-applying assembly comprises a force-applying frame and a lifting hydraulic cylinder fixed at the bottom of the force-applying frame. A fastening card plate is welded on the side of the sampling box, and a clamping claw adapted to the fastening card plate is welded on the bottom of the lifting hydraulic cylinder.

9. A method for detecting the amount of degradable mulch film residue in farmland soil, comprising: S1: Collecting farmland soil samples using the farmland soil degradable mulch film residue detection device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, and sorting and removing impurities with a diameter of more than 3 cm from the soil samples; S2: adding the top surface areas of the soil layers of each collected image to obtain the sum of the soil layer areas of the collected images, and at the same time adding the top surface areas of the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface of the soil layer areas of each collected image to obtain the sum of the top surface areas of the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface of the soil layer areas of the collected images, and calculating the percentage of the sum of the top surface areas of the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface of the soil layer areas of the collected images to the sum of the soil layer areas of the collected images; S3: multiply twice the area of ​​the degradable mulch remaining in the soil sample by the soil area where the degradable mulch was initially laid, and divide the product by the top surface area of ​​the soil sample to obtain the total value of the area of ​​the degradable mulch remaining in the soil. The area of ​​the degradable mulch remaining in the soil sample is the sum of the top surface areas of the degradable mulch remaining on the top surface of the soil layer area of ​​the collected image, and the top surface area of ​​the soil sample is the opening area of ​​the sawtooth sampling port; S4: by querying the original laying data recorded by the degradable mulch film laying unit, the initial laying area and mass of the degradable mulch film on the sampled soil are obtained; S5: Based on the relationship that the area and mass of the mulch film are proportional, the residual amount of the degradable mulch film in the soil sample is calculated.

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