A miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system and power generation method thereof

Abstract

The present application discloses a miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system and a power generation method thereof, comprising an ammonia cylinder, an ammonia decomposition reactor, a radiator, a temperature swing adsorption system, a fuel cell, and a burner. The ammonia decomposition reactor includes an ammonia inlet and a decomposition gas outlet; the ammonia cylinder is connected to the ammonia inlet, and the radiator is connected to the decomposition gas outlet; the radiator is connected to the temperature swing adsorption system and the fuel cell inlet in sequence; the burner includes a combustion chamber and an ammonia channel, one end of the ammonia channel is a second combustion inlet, and the other end is connected to the combustion chamber; one end of the combustion chamber is a first combustion inlet, and the other end is a high-temperature flue gas outlet; the combustion chamber is provided with an air inlet; the exhaust gas outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the first combustion inlet, the ammonia cylinder is connected to the second combustion inlet, and the heat dissipation air outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the air inlet. The miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system has a simple structure and a small size, high energy utilization efficiency, and can be quickly started without carrying additional fuel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of new energy power generation technology, and in particular to a miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system using ammonia as raw material and a power generation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen, with its excellent energy density and environmental friendliness, is widely recognized as the most promising "future energy." The development of fuel cell technology has further propelled hydrogen energy into the spotlight of clean energy. However, shortcomings such as high storage and transportation costs and inherent safety issues have severely hindered the widespread application of hydrogen energy. In contrast, ammonia offers advantages such as easy liquefaction, ease of storage and transportation, high safety, and high volumetric energy density, making it an ideal hydrogen storage medium. Therefore, using ammonia as a hydrogen storage medium for storage and transportation, producing hydrogen on-site through ammonia decomposition, and generating electricity through hydrogen fuel cells can provide a clean, low-noise, and efficient power generation technology route.

[0003] Chinese patent CN118712431A discloses an ammonia-hydrogen fuel-ammonia decomposition hydrogen production-fuel cell coupling system, which improves the purity of hydrogen through a membrane separation purifier and uses the hydrogen produced by ammonia decomposition for fuel cell power generation, and burns the residual gas, external air and hydrogen to provide heat for the ammonia decomposition reaction, thereby improving the step-by-step utilization and efficient conversion of energy and ensuring stable operation of the system; Patent publication numbers CN118572163A, CN116053538A and CN118867317A all disclose different technical routes for ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation devices, but the above solutions still have the following problems: (1) The structure is complex and there are many parts, resulting in high equipment cost; (2) The equipment is large in size and weight, which is not conducive to transportation and installation; (3) The fuel required for startup needs to be carried extra, which increases the size and weight and poses certain safety hazards; (4) The time it takes for the equipment to start up from a cold state to generate electricity is long, generally 2 to 3 hours, which is not conducive to the demand for rapid power supply for emergency or backup power supply. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the defects of the fuel cell power generation system in the prior art, such as large equipment size, long startup time, and the need to carry startup fuel, a miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system and a power generation method thereof are provided, which have a simple structure, high power generation efficiency, fast startup time and are easy to carry.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system, including an ammonia cylinder, an ammonia decomposition reactor, a radiator, a temperature swing adsorption system, a fuel cell and a burner, the ammonia decomposition reactor including a reaction channel and a flue gas channel, the reaction channel and the flue gas channel are connected; one end of the reaction channel is an ammonia inlet, and the other end of the reaction channel is a decomposition gas outlet; the ammonia cylinder is connected to the ammonia inlet, and the radiator is connected to the decomposition gas outlet; the radiator is connected to the inlet of the temperature swing adsorption system and the fuel cell in turn; the burner includes a combustion chamber and an ammonia channel, the ammonia channel is attached to the outer wall of the combustion chamber, one end of the ammonia channel is a second combustion inlet, and the other end of the ammonia channel is connected to the combustion chamber; one end of the combustion chamber is a first combustion inlet, and the other end of the combustion chamber is a high-temperature flue gas outlet; an air inlet is provided on the combustion chamber; the tail gas outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the first combustion inlet, the ammonia cylinder is connected to the second combustion inlet, the heat dissipation air outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the air inlet; the high-temperature flue gas outlet is connected to the flue gas channel.

[0006] Furthermore, an ammonia control valve is provided between the ammonia cylinder and the ammonia decomposition reactor. The flue gas channel of the ammonia decomposition reactor is sleeved on the outer wall of the ammonia channel and fits with the outer wall of the ammonia channel. The ammonia channel is filled with an ammonia decomposition catalyst, which is a ruthenium-based catalyst, a nickel-based catalyst, or a catalyst composed of a mixture of a ruthenium-based catalyst and a nickel-based catalyst.

[0007] Furthermore, it also includes a blower and a preheater, the inlet of the blower is connected to the heat dissipation air outlet of the fuel cell, the outlet of the blower is connected to the preheater, and the preheater is connected to the air inlet of the burner.

[0008] Furthermore, the ammonia channel is arranged outside the combustion chamber, and the inner wall of the ammonia channel is completely fitted with the outer wall of the combustion chamber; the second combustion inlet on the ammonia channel is aligned with the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber, and the end of the ammonia channel away from the second combustion inlet is arranged close to the first combustion inlet and extends into the interior of the combustion chamber, and the air inlet and the first combustion inlet are located on the same side of the combustion chamber.

[0009] Furthermore, the ammonia channel is spirally arranged on the outer wall of the combustion chamber, the second combustion inlet on the ammonia channel is aligned with the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber, the end of the ammonia channel away from the second combustion inlet is arranged close to the first combustion inlet and extends into the interior of the combustion chamber, and the air inlet and the first combustion inlet are located on the same side of the combustion chamber.

[0010] An ammonia valve is provided between the ammonia cylinder and the second combustion inlet, a tail exhaust valve is provided between the tail exhaust gas outlet and the first combustion inlet, and an air valve is provided between the preheater and the air inlet.

[0011] The present application also discloses a method for generating electricity using a miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Ammonia is introduced into the ammonia channel of the burner, and heated air is introduced into the combustion chamber of the burner through the air inlet; the ammonia and heated air are mixed and burned in the combustion chamber to produce high-temperature gas;

[0013] Step 2: introducing the high-temperature gas generated in the combustion chamber into the flue gas channel of the ammonia decomposition reactor and detecting the outlet temperature of the combustion chamber;

[0014] Step 3: When the burner outlet temperature is greater than 800°C, the ammonia gas and the heated air are mixed and burned for 15 minutes; then, room temperature air is introduced into the burner to continue burning with the ammonia gas, while the ammonia gas is simultaneously introduced into the ammonia decomposition reactor; the ammonia gas decomposes in the ammonia decomposition reactor to produce hydrogen and nitrogen; and the temperature of the decomposed gas outlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor is detected;

[0015] Step 4: When the temperature of the decomposition gas outlet is greater than or equal to 400°C, the decomposed hydrogen and nitrogen mixed gas is introduced into the temperature swing adsorption system for adsorption purification, and then the adsorbed hydrogen and nitrogen mixed gas is introduced into the fuel cell, which converts the chemical energy of the gas into electrical energy.

[0016] In step 4, when the fuel cell converts the chemical energy of the gas into electrical energy, the introduction of ammonia into the ammonia channel of the burner is stopped, and the gas discharged from the tail gas outlet of the fuel cell is introduced into the burner for combustion.

[0017] Furthermore, the gas generated after combustion in the burner is introduced into the ammonia decomposition reactor.

[0018] The miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system described in the present invention has the following advantages: (1) High energy recovery efficiency. The waste heat of the burner shell is directly supplied to the ammonia decomposition catalyst on the outer wall of the burner for decomposition reaction. The waste heat of the fuel cell heat dissipation air directly enters the air side of the burner and is burned with the fuel. (2) Cost reduction: The reactor with electric heating function is eliminated, the equipment pipeline structure is simplified, the required lithium battery capacity is reduced, and the cost is further reduced. (3) Start-up time is reduced. With the use of a new type of burner, ammonia and preheated air can be directly burned at room temperature, supplying the catalyst on the outer wall of the burner and the reactor for temperature increase, and the start-up time can be shortened to 10-20 minutes. (4) Simple raw materials: Only the raw material ammonia is required to achieve rapid startup, and no additional fuel such as hydrogen or isobutane is required. The entire system operates with low noise and zero carbon emissions, and is very suitable for places with high environmental and noise requirements, such as emergency power supply or backup power supply in urban base stations, residential areas or parks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of an ammonia decomposition reactor of a miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a burner of a miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a bottom schematic diagram of a burner of a miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of another burner of a miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system described in the present invention.

[0025] 1-Ammonia cylinder, 2-Ammonia decomposition reactor, 21-Ammonia inlet, 22-Decomposition gas outlet, 23-Flue gas inlet, 24-Flue gas outlet, 25-Reaction channel, 26-Flue gas channel, 3-Radiator, 31-Heat dissipation inlet, 32-Heat dissipation outlet, 4-Temperature swing adsorption system, 41-Adsorption inlet, 42-Adsorption outlet, 5-Fuel cell, 51-Fuel inlet, 52-Tail gas outlet, 53-Heat dissipation air outlet, 6-Blower, 61-Inlet, 62-Outlet, 7-Preheater, 8-Burners, 81-First combustion inlet, 82-Air inlet, 83-High-temperature flue gas outlet, 84-Second combustion inlet, 85-Combustion chamber, 86-Ammonia channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, a miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system according to the present invention includes an ammonia cylinder 1, an ammonia decomposition reactor 2, a radiator 3, a temperature swing adsorption system 4, a fuel cell 5 and a burner 8. The ammonia decomposition reactor 2 includes a reaction channel 25 and a flue gas channel 26, and the reaction channel 25 is in contact with the flue gas channel 26; one end of the reaction channel 25 is an ammonia inlet 21, and the other end of the reaction channel 25 is a decomposition gas outlet 22; the ammonia cylinder 1 is connected to the ammonia inlet 21, and the radiator 3 is connected to the decomposition gas outlet 22; the radiator 3 is in turn connected to the temperature swing adsorption system 4 and the fuel inlet 51 of the fuel cell; the burner 8 includes a combustion chamber 85 and an ammonia decomposition reactor 2. The gas channel 86, the ammonia channel 86 is attached to the outer wall of the combustion chamber 85, one end of the ammonia channel 86 is the second combustion inlet 84, and the other end of the ammonia channel 86 is connected to the combustion chamber 85; one end of the combustion chamber 85 is provided with a first combustion inlet 81, and the other end of the combustion chamber 85 is a high-temperature flue gas outlet 83; the combustion chamber 85 is provided with an air inlet 82; the tail gas outlet 52 of the fuel cell 5 is connected to the first combustion inlet 81, the ammonia bottle 1 is connected to the second combustion inlet 84, and the heat dissipation air outlet 53 of the fuel cell 5 is connected to the air inlet 82; the high-temperature flue gas outlet 83 is connected to the flue gas channel 26.

[0028] exist Figure 1 In the embodiment, the ammonia cylinder 1 is connected to the ammonia inlet 21 of the ammonia decomposition reactor 2, and the ammonia cylinder 1 is used to introduce ammonia into the reaction channel 25 of the ammonia decomposition reactor 2; an ammonia control valve (not shown) is provided between the ammonia cylinder 1 and the ammonia decomposition reactor 2 to achieve accurate control of the flow rate of the introduced ammonia; Figure 2As shown, the flue gas channel 26 of the ammonia decomposition reactor 2 is sleeved on the outer wall of the reaction channel 25 and is in contact with the outer wall of the reaction channel 25. A high-temperature gas with a temperature greater than 500°C flows in the flue gas channel 26; ammonia introduced from the ammonia cylinder 1 flows in the reaction channel 25, and the high-temperature flue gas flowing in the flue gas channel 26 heats the ammonia flowing in the reaction channel 25. During the flow of ammonia in the reaction channel 25, the ammonia absorbs heat and undergoes a decomposition reaction to generate hydrogen and nitrogen; the generated hydrogen and nitrogen are discharged from the ammonia decomposition reactor 2 through the decomposition gas outlet 22; in order to improve the heating effect of ammonia, the heat utilization rate of the high-temperature gas and the decomposition efficiency of ammonia, the ammonia decomposition reactor 2 is promoted. fully decomposed; preferably, the inner wall of the flue gas channel 26 is completely fitted with the outer wall of the reaction channel 25, and the reaction channel 25 is filled with an ammonia decomposition catalyst, which is a ruthenium-based catalyst, a nickel-based catalyst, or a mixture of the two; the flue gas inlet 23 of the flue gas channel 26 is arranged close to the decomposition gas outlet 22, and the flue gas outlet 24 of the flue gas channel 26 is arranged close to the ammonia inlet 21; the flow direction of the high-temperature flue gas flowing in the flue gas channel 26 is opposite to the flow direction of the ammonia flowing in the reaction channel 25, and the high-temperature flue gas and ammonia form a counter-flow, which is beneficial to the heat exchange between the gases and thus improves the heating effect on the ammonia, which is beneficial to the endothermic decomposition of the ammonia.

[0029] The mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen discharged from the decomposition gas outlet 22 enters the radiator 3. The radiator 3 is used to reduce the temperature of the mixed gas discharged from the decomposition gas outlet 22 of the ammonia decomposition reactor 2, so that the temperature of the mixed gas subsequently entering the temperature swing adsorption system 4 is room temperature, which is conducive to the temperature swing adsorption system 4 to adsorb residual ammonia in the mixed gas and improve the purity of hydrogen in the mixed gas. Specifically, the decomposition gas outlet 22 is connected to the heat dissipation inlet 31 of the radiator 3, the heat dissipation outlet 32 ​​of the radiator 3 is connected to the adsorption inlet 41 of the temperature swing adsorption system 4, and the adsorption outlet 42 of the temperature swing adsorption system 4 is connected to the fuel cell 5. The temperature swing adsorption system 4 is provided with an adsorbent. By adjusting the temperature in the temperature swing adsorption system 4, the adsorption and desorption of ammonia by the temperature swing adsorption system 4 are controlled to reduce the ammonia content of the mixed gas entering the fuel cell 5 and promote the efficient power generation of the fuel cell 5.

[0030] The adsorption outlet 42 of the temperature-swing adsorption system 4 is connected to the fuel inlet 51 of the fuel cell 5, and the mixed gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen after adsorption by the temperature-swing adsorption system 4 enters the fuel cell 5 through the fuel inlet 51. The fuel cell 5 is also connected to the external air. The fuel cell 5 can convert the chemical energy of the mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen introduced through the fuel inlet 51 and the air into electrical energy; the remaining mixed gas after the conversion is discharged through the tail gas outlet 52 of the fuel cell 5, and the air after the reaction is discharged through the heat dissipation air outlet 53 of the fuel cell 5; in order to improve the subsequent combustion efficiency of air and hydrogen in the burner 8, preferably, the heat dissipation air outlet 53 is connected to the air inlet 82 of the burner 8, and a blower 6 and a preheater are sequentially arranged in series between the heat dissipation air outlet 53 and the air inlet 82 of the burner 8. 7. The inlet 61 of the blower 6 is communicated with the heat dissipation air outlet 53 of the fuel cell 5. The air discharged from the heat dissipation air outlet 53 of the fuel cell 5 enters the blower 6. The blower 6 can increase the air pressure and discharge enough air through its outlet 62; the outlet 62 of the blower 6 is connected to the preheater 7. The preheater 7 is communicated with the air inlet 82 of the burner 8. The preheater 7 can heat the air discharged from the blower 6. The heated air enters the air inlet 82 of the burner 8 after being discharged from the preheater 7, and then enters the combustion chamber 85 of the burner 8 for combustion. The heat dissipation air outlet 53 of the fuel cell 5 is connected to the burner 8 via the blower 6 and the preheater 7, so that the fuel cell heat dissipation air with a certain temperature enters the combustion chamber and the fuel for combustion, thereby improving the waste heat utilization rate of the system and the combustion efficiency of the burner 8.

[0031] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the burner 8 is a cylindrical structure, and the combustion chamber 85 and the ammonia channel 86 are also cylindrical structures. The ammonia channel 86 is sleeved outside the combustion chamber 85, and the inner wall of the ammonia channel 86 is completely fitted with the outer wall of the combustion chamber 85; specifically, the second combustion inlet 84 on the ammonia channel 86 is aligned with the high-temperature flue gas outlet 83 of the combustion chamber 85, and the end of the ammonia channel 86 away from the second combustion inlet 84 is arranged close to the first combustion inlet 81 and extends into the interior of the combustion chamber 85, and the air inlet 82 and the first combustion inlet 81 are located on the same side of the combustion chamber 85, and the air inlet 82 and the first combustion inlet 81 are arranged close to each other.

[0032] like Figure 5As shown, the burner 8 is a cylindrical structure, and the ammonia channel 86 is spirally arranged on the outer wall of the combustion chamber 85. Similarly, the second combustion inlet 84 on the ammonia channel 86 is arranged close to the high-temperature flue gas outlet 83 of the combustion chamber 85. The end of the ammonia channel 86 away from the second combustion inlet 84 is arranged close to the first combustion inlet 81 and extends into the interior of the combustion chamber 85. The air inlet 82 and the first combustion inlet 81 are located on the same side of the combustion chamber 85, and the air inlet 82 and the first combustion inlet 81 are arranged close to each other. By spirally arranging the ammonia channel 86 on the outer wall of the combustion chamber 85, the flow distance of the ammonia is extended, so that the ammonia can be decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen as fully as possible, thereby improving the decomposition efficiency of the ammonia.

[0033] exist Figure 1In the embodiment, the ammonia cylinder 1 is connected to the second combustion inlet 84 on the ammonia channel 86, the tail gas outlet 52 of the fuel cell 5 is connected to the first combustion inlet 81 of the burner 8, and the preheater 7 is connected to the air inlet 82 of the burner 8; an ammonia valve (not shown) is provided between the ammonia cylinder 1 and the second combustion inlet 84, a tail exhaust valve (not shown) is provided between the tail gas outlet 52 and the first combustion inlet 81, and an air valve (not shown) is provided between the preheater 7 and the air inlet 82. The ammonia valve, the tail exhaust valve and the air valve are controlled to correspond to the control of the combustion of the fuel cell 5 from the second combustion inlet 84. The ammonia content in the ammonia channel 86 from the ammonia cylinder 1, the content of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas discharged from the fuel cell 5 into the combustion chamber 85, and the content of the heated air entering the air inlet 82 after passing through the preheater 7; wherein the ammonia channel 86 is filled with an ammonia decomposition catalyst, and the ammonia decomposition catalyst is a ruthenium-based catalyst, a nickel-based catalyst, or a mixture of the two. When the ammonia introduced from the ammonia cylinder 1 flows in the ammonia channel 86, it decomposes under the catalytic action of the ammonia decomposition catalyst to generate hydrogen and nitrogen; the generated hydrogen and nitrogen are discharged from the ammonia channel 86 and enter the combustion chamber 85. The exhaust gas after power generation by the fuel cell 5, including the remaining hydrogen and nitrogen mixed gas, enters the combustion chamber 85 through the first combustion inlet 81, and the hydrogen in the introduced mixed gas is burned with the preheated air introduced from the air inlet 82 of the burner 8 in the combustion chamber 85, and the high-temperature flue gas after combustion is discharged through the high-temperature flue gas outlet 83; in order to further improve the energy utilization rate of the system, reduce the energy consumption of the system, and promote energy recovery, preferably, the burner 8 is arranged close to the ammonia decomposition reactor 2, and the high-temperature flue gas outlet 83 is connected to the flue gas channel 26 of the ammonia decomposition reactor 2, and the high-temperature flue gas generated by the burner 8 is used to provide heat to the ammonia decomposition reactor 2; similarly, the heat generated by the combustion process in the burner 8 can also be transferred to the ammonia channel 86 attached to the outer wall of the combustion chamber 85, so as to heat the ammonia in the ammonia channel 86 and promote the endothermic decomposition of ammonia.

[0034] In the initial startup phase of the system, the ammonia valve and the air valve are opened, and the tail exhaust valve is maintained closed. The ammonia in the ammonia cylinder 1 is introduced into the ammonia passage 86 and then enters the combustion chamber 85, where it is mixed with the air introduced from the air inlet 82 and combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas, while increasing the temperature of the outer wall of the combustion chamber 85. When the temperature of the outer wall of the combustion chamber 85 rises, the ammonia valve is maintained open, and the ammonia in the ammonia passage 86 is decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen, which are discharged from the ammonia passage 86 and then enter the combustion chamber 85 to mix with the air for combustion. When the temperature of the outer wall of the combustion chamber 85 continues to rise and the fuel cell is started, the ammonia valve is closed, the air valve is maintained open, and the tail exhaust valve is opened. After the fuel cell generates electricity, the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture discharged from the tail exhaust gas outlet 52 is introduced into the combustion chamber 85 for combustion, so as to be used for heating the ammonia in the ammonia decomposition reactor 2 and the ammonia passage 86. This achieves a rapid startup effect using ammonia as a raw material and reduces system startup time.

[0035] The present application also discloses a method for generating electricity using the miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system, comprising the following steps:

[0036] Step 1: Ammonia is introduced into the ammonia channel of the burner, and heated air is introduced into the combustion chamber of the burner through the air inlet; the ammonia and heated air are mixed and burned in the combustion chamber to produce high-temperature gas;

[0037] Step 2: introducing the high-temperature gas generated in the combustion chamber into the flue gas channel of the ammonia decomposition reactor and detecting the outlet temperature of the combustion chamber;

[0038] Step 3: When the burner outlet temperature is greater than 800°C, maintain the ammonia gas mixed with the heated air and burn for 15 minutes; at the same time, introduce the ammonia gas into the ammonia decomposition reactor; the ammonia gas decomposes in the ammonia decomposition reactor to produce hydrogen and nitrogen; and detect the temperature of the decomposed gas outlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor;

[0039] Step 4: When the temperature of the decomposition gas outlet is greater than or equal to 400°C, the decomposed hydrogen and nitrogen mixed gas is introduced into the temperature swing adsorption system for adsorption purification, and then the adsorbed hydrogen and nitrogen mixed gas is introduced into the fuel cell, which converts the chemical energy of the gas into electrical energy.

[0040] In step four, in order to effectively utilize the energy of the gas generated during the power generation process of the fuel cell, it is preferred that after the fuel cell converts the chemical energy of the gas into electrical energy, the introduction of ammonia into the ammonia channel of the burner is stopped, and the gas discharged from the tail gas outlet of the fuel cell is introduced into the burner for combustion to be used for the generation of high-temperature gas in the burner, and the high-temperature gas after combustion is introduced into the ammonia decomposition reactor again to provide heat for the decomposition of ammonia.

[0041] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarity of explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that other variations or modifications based on the above descriptions are possible. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation methods here. Obvious variations or modifications arising therefrom remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for generating electricity using a miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step 1: introducing ammonia into the ammonia channel of the burner, and introducing heated air into the combustion chamber of the burner through the air inlet; Ammonia and heated air are mixed and burned in the combustion chamber to produce high-temperature gas; Step 2: introducing the high-temperature gas generated in the combustion chamber into the flue gas channel of the ammonia decomposition reactor and detecting the outlet temperature of the combustion chamber; Step 3: When the burner outlet temperature is greater than 800°C, the ammonia gas and the heated air are kept mixed and burned; at the same time, the ammonia gas is introduced into the ammonia decomposition reactor; the ammonia gas decomposes in the ammonia decomposition reactor to generate hydrogen and nitrogen; Detecting the temperature of the decomposition gas outlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor; Step 4: When the temperature of the decomposed gas outlet is greater than or equal to 400°C, the decomposed hydrogen and nitrogen mixture is introduced into the temperature swing adsorption system for adsorption purification. The adsorbed hydrogen and nitrogen mixture is then introduced into the fuel cell, which converts the chemical energy of the gas into electrical energy. A miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation system includes an ammonia cylinder, an ammonia decomposition reactor, a radiator, a temperature swing adsorption system, a fuel cell, and a burner: The ammonia decomposition reactor includes a reaction channel and a flue gas channel, wherein the reaction channel and the flue gas channel are connected; one end of the reaction channel is an ammonia inlet, and the other end of the reaction channel is a decomposition gas outlet; The ammonia cylinder is connected to the ammonia inlet, and the radiator is connected to the decomposition gas outlet; the radiator is connected to the temperature swing adsorption system and the inlet of the fuel cell in sequence; the ammonia channel is filled with an ammonia decomposition catalyst, and the ammonia decomposition catalyst is a ruthenium-based catalyst; The burner includes a combustion chamber and an ammonia channel, the ammonia channel is sleeved outside the combustion chamber, and the inner wall of the ammonia channel is completely fitted with the outer wall of the combustion chamber; one end of the ammonia channel is a second combustion inlet, one end of the combustion chamber is a first combustion inlet, and the other end of the combustion chamber is a high-temperature flue gas outlet; the second combustion inlet on the ammonia channel is aligned with the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber, and the end of the ammonia channel away from the second combustion inlet is arranged close to the first combustion inlet and extends into the interior of the combustion chamber, and an air inlet is opened on the combustion chamber; the air inlet and the first combustion inlet are located on the same side of the combustion chamber; The tail gas outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the first combustion inlet, the ammonia cylinder is connected to the second combustion inlet, the heat dissipation air outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the air inlet; the high-temperature flue gas outlet is connected to the flue gas channel.

2. The power generation method using a miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An ammonia control valve is provided between the ammonia cylinder and the ammonia decomposition reactor. The flue gas channel of the ammonia decomposition reactor is sleeved on the outer wall of the ammonia channel and fits the outer wall of the ammonia channel.

3. The power generation method using a miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a blower and a preheater, wherein the inlet of the blower is communicated with the heat dissipation air outlet of the fuel cell, the outlet of the blower is connected to the preheater, and the preheater is communicated with the air inlet of the burner.

4. The power generation method using a miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia channel is spirally arranged on the outer wall of the combustion chamber, the second combustion inlet on the ammonia channel is aligned with the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber, the end of the ammonia channel away from the second combustion inlet is arranged close to the first combustion inlet and extends into the interior of the combustion chamber, and the air inlet and the first combustion inlet are located on the same side of the combustion chamber.

5. The power generation method using a miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: An ammonia valve is provided between the ammonia cylinder and the second combustion inlet, a tail gas valve is provided between the tail gas outlet and the first combustion inlet, and an air valve is provided between the preheater and the air inlet.

6. The power generation method using a miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, when the fuel cell converts the chemical energy of the gas into electrical energy, the introduction of ammonia into the ammonia channel of the burner is stopped, and the gas discharged from the tail gas outlet of the fuel cell is introduced into the burner for combustion.

7. The power generation method using a miniaturized ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas generated after combustion in the burner is introduced into the ammonia decomposition reactor.

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