Photovoltaic panel mounting device, photovoltaic panel control method and device and storage medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a photovoltaic panel mounting device, a photovoltaic panel control method and device and a storage medium. The photovoltaic panel mounting device comprises a light monitor, a cylindrical base, a photovoltaic panel support, a positioning system, a disc support and a supporting column. The light monitor and the positioning system are arranged on the disc support, the disc support is fixedly connected to the cylindrical base, the bottom of the cylindrical base is fixed to the top of the supporting column, and the photovoltaic panel support is fixed to the top of the cylindrical base. The photovoltaic panel is fixed on the photovoltaic panel bracket; the light monitor comprises a hemispherical transparent shell, a plurality of white hollow thin tubes and a plurality of photosensitive sensors; the top of the white hollow slim tube is connected with the inner wall of the transparent shell, and the photosensitive sensor is nested at the bottom; a rotating shaft of the stepping motor is connected with the photovoltaic panel bracket and drives the photovoltaic panel to rotate in the horizontal direction under the driving of the stepping motor; and a telescopic rod propulsion motor is arranged on the photovoltaic panel bracket and drives the photovoltaic panel to do inclined reciprocating motion in the vertical direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of energy technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic panel installation device and a photovoltaic panel control method, device and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of science and technology, various types of electrical equipment are increasingly used in modern society, playing an important role in many fields such as security protection, environmental monitoring, communication base stations, and agricultural automation. However, traditional electrical equipment usually relies on external power supply, which not only increases the installation and operation and maintenance costs in remote areas or environments where wiring is difficult, but also limits the deployment scope and flexibility of the equipment.

[0003] In order to overcome these limitations, people began to explore the possibility of using renewable energy to power electrical devices. As a clean and sustainable energy source, solar energy has attracted much attention due to its huge application potential. However, since the incident angle of sunlight changes with time and location, fixed solar photovoltaic panels often cannot maximize the absorption of solar energy, resulting in limited energy conversion efficiency.

[0004] Although some solar tracking mechanisms currently on the market can automatically adjust the orientation of photovoltaic panels according to changes in the sun's position to improve solar energy absorption efficiency, they generally have problems with complex structures and insufficient tracking accuracy. Most of them still need to rely on external power systems and have not been able to fully achieve energy self-sufficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a photovoltaic panel installation device and a photovoltaic panel control method, device and storage medium.

[0006] In a first aspect, a photovoltaic panel installation device is provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, comprising: a light monitor 1, a cylindrical base 2, a photovoltaic panel support 3, a positioning system 4, two disc supports 5 and a support column 6;

[0007] The light monitor 1 and the positioning system 4 are respectively placed on the two disc brackets 5, the two disc brackets 5 are respectively fixedly connected to the cylindrical base 2, the bottom of the cylindrical base 2 is fixed to the top of the support column 6, and the photovoltaic panel bracket 3 is fixedly connected to the top of the cylindrical base 2; the photovoltaic panel 31 is fixed on the photovoltaic panel bracket 3;

[0008] The light monitor 1 includes a hemispherical transparent shell 11, a plurality of white hollow capillaries 12 and a plurality of photosensitive sensors 13; the top of the white hollow capillaries 12 is connected to the inner wall 11 of the transparent shell, and the photosensitive sensors 13 are embedded in the bottom;

[0009] A stepper motor 26 is disposed inside the cylindrical base 2, and a rotating shaft 29 of the stepper motor 26 is connected to the photovoltaic panel bracket 3, and driven by the stepper motor 26 to drive the photovoltaic panel 31 to rotate in the horizontal direction;

[0010] The photovoltaic panel support 3 is provided with a telescopic rod propulsion motor 33, and the telescopic rod propulsion motor 33 drives the photovoltaic panel 31 to perform tilted reciprocating motion in the vertical direction.

[0011] Further, a microcontroller 27 is disposed inside the cylindrical base 2, and the light monitor 1 is electrically connected to the microcontroller 27; the microcontroller 27 generates control signals for the stepping motor 26 and the telescopic rod propulsion motor 33 using the light intensity detected by the photosensor 13 on the light monitor 1; and / or,

[0012] The microcontroller 27 calculates the sun's position using the light intensity detected by the photosensor 13 and generates the control signal based on the sun's position.

[0013] Furthermore, the position coordinates of the plurality of photosensors 13 are encoded in the spherical coordinate system where the hemispherical transparent shell 11 of the light monitor 1 is located and stored in the microcontroller 27; the microcontroller 27 generates the control signal based on the sun position and the stored position coordinates of the photosensors.

[0014] Further, the photovoltaic panel is fixed on the support plate 36 of the photovoltaic panel bracket 3; the central hole 37 of the support plate 36 has an internal keyway 38, and is connected to the key 211 on the rotating shaft 29 of the stepper motor 26 by a flat key, the rotating shaft 29 has threads, and the protruding part is fixed by a nut, so that the support plate 36 and the rotating shaft 29 rotate synchronously; and / or,

[0015] Furthermore, the rotating shaft 29 of the stepper motor 26 is also embedded with an electric slip ring 210 , and the electric slip ring 210 rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft 29 .

[0016] Furthermore, the support plate 36 of the photovoltaic panel bracket 3 is connected to the photovoltaic panel 31 through three hinge joints 34, two of which are directly connected to the photovoltaic panel 31, and the other hinge joint is hingedly connected to the back of the photovoltaic panel 31 through the telescopic push rod motor 33. The support plate 36 has a hole 35 at a position halfway from the center. The wires of the positive and negative junction boxes 32 fixed on the back of the photovoltaic panel 31 pass through the hole 35, are connected to the wires above the electric slip ring 210, and are led out through the wires below the electric slip ring 210.

[0017] Furthermore, a lithium battery 24, an inverter 25 and an MPPT controller 28 are also provided inside the cylindrical base 2; the wires below the electric slip ring 210 are electrically connected to the MPPT controller 28, and the MPPT controller 28 is electrically connected to the lithium battery 24 and the inverter 25 respectively, and the inverter 25 or the MPPT controller 28 is electrically connected to the load through the load socket 22; the MPPT controller 28 detects the power generation voltage of the photovoltaic panel 31 in real time, and tracks the voltage and current values ​​to charge the lithium battery 24; the inverter 25 converts the direct current generated by the photovoltaic panel into alternating current.

[0018] Furthermore, the main structure of the cylindrical base 2 includes a base outer wall 21 located at the top and a cylindrical bottom plate 23 located at the bottom, the upper bottom diameter of the cylindrical bottom plate 23 is the same as that of the base outer wall 21, the base outer wall 21 is a hollow cylinder, the cylindrical bottom plate 23 is a truncated cone, the lower bottom diameter of the cylindrical bottom plate 23 is larger than that of the base outer wall 21, and the lower bottom diameter of the cylindrical bottom plate 23 is the same as the surface diameter of the top connecting plate 61 of the support column 6, and the cylindrical bottom plate 23 is fixedly connected to the top connecting plate 61.

[0019] Furthermore, the two disc brackets 5 have the same shape but different sizes, and the disc bracket 5 includes a supporting chassis 51, a supporting arm 52 and a bracket base 53; the light monitor 1 and the positioning system 4 are placed on the supporting chassis 51, and the bracket base 53 is fixed to the outer wall of the cylindrical base 2.

[0020] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic panel control method, which uses the photovoltaic panel installation device described in the first aspect to control the movement of the photovoltaic panel; the photovoltaic panel control method includes:

[0021] Get the light intensity of the photosensitive sensor;

[0022] Calculating the sun's position using the light intensity;

[0023] Based on the sun position, control signals of the stepper motor and the telescopic rod propulsion motor are output to drive the stepper motor to rotate the photovoltaic panel in the horizontal direction, and / or drive the telescopic rod propulsion motor to tilt the photovoltaic panel in the vertical direction.

[0024] Further, calculating the sun position using the light intensity includes:

[0025] By comparing the light intensity of a plurality of the photosensitive sensors, determining whether the sunlight meets the set conditions;

[0026] When the sunlight meets the set conditions, the azimuth and altitude angles of the sun are calculated using the light intensity of the photosensitive sensor and the azimuth and altitude angles of the photosensitive sensor;

[0027] When the sunlight does not meet the set conditions, the solar hour angle and solar declination angle are calculated using the current time output by the positioning system, and the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle are calculated based on the solar hour angle, solar declination angle and position information output by the positioning system.

[0028] Further, based on the sun position, control signals of the stepper motor and the telescopic rod propulsion motor are output to drive the stepper motor to rotate the photovoltaic panel in the horizontal direction, and drive the telescopic rod propulsion motor to tilt the photovoltaic panel in the vertical direction, so that the photovoltaic panel faces the sun, including:

[0029] Outputting a control signal of the stepper motor based on the azimuth angle of the sun to drive the stepper motor to rotate leftward or rightward in the horizontal direction to a set horizontal angle; the set horizontal angle is related to the azimuth angle of the sun;

[0030] A control signal of the telescopic rod propulsion motor is output based on the altitude angle of the sun to drive the telescopic rod propulsion motor to tilt upward or downward in the vertical direction to set a vertical angle; the set vertical angle is related to the altitude angle of the sun.

[0031] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the method described in any one of the above aspects.

[0032] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer instructions used by any of the above-mentioned devices, and when the computer instructions are executed by a processor, they are used to implement the method described in any of the above-mentioned aspects.

[0033] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program product, which includes computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed by a processor, they are used to implement the method described in any of the above aspects.

[0034] The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure may have the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. This application adopts a high-precision sunlight tracking solution to achieve dynamic and high-precision adjustment of the photovoltaic panel to the solar incident angle, significantly improving the capture rate and conversion efficiency of sunlight, especially during periods of rapid weather changes. Theoretical analysis shows that the energy reception rate differs by 37.7% between tracking and non-tracking the sun.

[0036] 2. The light monitor adopts a hemispherical transparent shell made of polycarbonate (PC) material. This design provides the ability to detect sunlight in all directions at 360°, ensuring no-blind-angle monitoring of sunlight. Compared with the traditional single-point or linear sensor layout, it improves the detection accuracy of the sun's position and the response speed of the tracking system; at the same time, the hemispherical photosensor array is combined with the spherical coordinate system encoding technology to improve the tracking accuracy of the sun's position.

[0037] 3. The white hollow capillary tube used in the present application can not only filter out most of the light that is not vertically incident into the tube, but also the high reflective properties of the white inner wall of the tube can enhance the convergence of the light entering the capillary tube, thereby better judging the light conditions and light direction.

[0038] 4. The two tracking schemes proposed in this application can be switched intelligently according to the real-time lighting conditions and cooperate with each other. When the lighting conditions are good, the light monitor is used to track the sunlight; when the lighting conditions are poor, the positioning system and astronomical algorithm are used to track the sunlight. The combination of the two schemes not only optimizes the tracking efficiency, but also enhances the adaptability and reliability of the system in different environments and weather conditions.

[0039] 5. The coordinated work of the stepper motor and the telescopic push rod motor realizes the multi-dimensional adjustment of the photovoltaic panels in space and optimizes the efficiency of capturing sunlight.

[0040] 6. The integrated design of the electric slip ring effectively solves the cable management problem during the rotation of the photovoltaic panel, reduces the wear during the movement, and thus prolongs the trouble-free operation time and maintenance cycle of the device.

[0041] 7. The integrated MPPT controller works in conjunction with the lithium battery pack to achieve efficient power conversion and storage through the MPPT controller. The inverter converts the direct current (DC) generated by the solar photovoltaic panels into alternating current (AC). The lithium battery provides a stable energy supply for the system, enhancing the device's ability to continue operating under low light conditions and enhancing energy independence.

[0042] 8. This application is particularly suitable for environments with insufficient grid coverage or difficult wiring, providing an efficient and reliable solar energy utilization solution and enhancing the adaptability and flexibility of the device in changing environments.

[0043] 9. Automatic tracking of sunlight reduces human intervention and improves the intelligence level of the system.

[0044] 10. The modular design makes it easy to replace and upgrade each component, which improves the maintainability of the device and the flexibility of technological updates.

[0045] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Other features, objects and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0047] Figure 1A-1B A schematic diagram showing the structure of a solar energy device for tracking sunlight provided by the prior art.

[0048] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic panel installation device provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0049] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a light monitor provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0050] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a spherical coordinate system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0051] Figure 5 A top view of a cylindrical base provided by one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0052] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a cylindrical base provided by one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0053] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a horizontal coordinate system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0054] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the altitude angle of the sun provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0055] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram showing the azimuth angle of the sun provided by one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0056] Fig.10 A schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic panel support provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0057] Fig.11 A front view of a cylindrical base provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0058] Fig.12 A schematic structural diagram of a disc bracket provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0059] Fig.13 A schematic structural diagram of a support column provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Fig.14 A flow chart of resetting a photovoltaic panel driven by a motor provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0060] Explanation of the reference numerals: light monitor 1, transparent shell 11, white hollow tube 12, photosensor 13, cylindrical base 2, base outer wall 21, load socket 22, cylindrical chassis 23, lithium battery 24, inverter 25, stepper motor 26, STM32 microcontroller 27, MPPT controller 28, rotating shaft 29, electric slip ring 210, key 211, photovoltaic panel bracket 3, photovoltaic panel 31, positive and negative junction box 32, telescopic push rod motor 33, hinged head 34, hole 35, support plate 36, center hole 37, keyway 38, positioning system 4, disc bracket 5, support chassis 51, support arm 52, bracket base 53, support column 6, top connecting plate 61, support column rod 62, base plate 63. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily implement them. In addition, for the sake of clarity, parts not related to the description of the exemplary embodiments are omitted in the accompanying drawings.

[0062] In the present disclosure, it should be understood that terms such as "include" or "have" are intended to indicate the presence of features, numbers, steps, behaviors, components, parts, or a combination thereof disclosed in the specification, and do not exclude the possibility that one or more other features, numbers, steps, behaviors, components, parts, or a combination thereof exist or are added.

[0063] It should also be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other. The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0064] The user information (including but not limited to user device information such as location information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved in this disclosure are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of relevant data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of relevant countries and regions, and provide corresponding operation entrances for users to choose to authorize or refuse.

[0065] In the field of solar tracking technology, the relevant technology mainly involves the use of sensors and motor systems to adjust solar photovoltaic panels to track the position of the sun and maximize the capture of solar energy. Although these systems can basically meet the needs of solar tracking, they usually have some limitations, such as inaccurate sensor layout, lack of intelligent control mechanism, complex structure, and limited energy conversion.

[0066] Prior art 1 discloses a solar panel assembly for tracking sunlight, which aims to maximize the efficiency of capturing solar energy by automatically adjusting the angle of the photovoltaic panel. Figure 1A As shown in the figure, the device consists of key components such as photovoltaic panels, base, driving rod, servo motor, rotating rod, rotating sleeve, rotating plate, vertical plate, adjusting rod, bracket, etc. The servo motor is installed inside the base and is responsible for driving the driving rod to rotate, thereby driving the rotating rod and rotating sleeve. The rotating plate at the top of the rotating sleeve is fixed with symmetrically distributed vertical plates, and the brackets at both ends of the adjusting rod are fixed with photovoltaic panels. In addition, the technical solution also includes altitude and azimuth adjustment devices for the longitudinal and lateral rotation of photovoltaic panels to achieve accurate tracking of sunlight. Through these devices, solar panels can automatically adjust according to the direction of sunlight to optimize the utilization efficiency of solar energy.

[0067] Although the existing technology is innovative in automatically tracking the sun's rays, its structural complexity brings a series of problems. The solution integrates multiple moving parts such as servo motors, drive rods, rotating rods and rotating sleeves, which not only increases the complexity of the device, but also makes the installation, commissioning and maintenance process more cumbersome and time-consuming. In addition, due to the presence of many moving parts, the risk of wear and failure of the device increases, which will affect the long-term reliability and durability of the solar tracking device.

[0068] Prior art 2 discloses a solar photovoltaic bracket that automatically tracks sunlight. The solution includes components such as solar photovoltaic panels, support plates, cross partitions, photosensors, two brackets, two sets of gear rings and gear systems, motors, converters, controllers and drive circuits. The photovoltaic panels are mounted on the support plates and divided into four groups by cross partitions, each of which is equipped with a photosensor. Gear rings and gears connected to the motor are installed inside the bracket to realize automatic rotation of the photovoltaic panel in the X and Y directions. The controller is based on a single-chip microprocessor and is connected to the sensor, converter and drive circuit to realize the function of automatically tracking the sun. The photosensor uses a photodiode to detect changes in light intensity, which in turn triggers the controller to adjust the position of the photovoltaic panel to optimize the efficiency of solar energy collection.

[0069] Although the second existing technology aims to improve the utilization rate of solar energy, it may have some limitations in practical applications. First, the layout of the sensor is limited. The sensor layout above the photovoltaic panel cannot effectively monitor the full range of changes in sunlight, especially in environments with variable lighting conditions. Second, the tracking accuracy is limited. The four-partition sensor layout that relies on cross-partitions may not provide accurate tracking when the sun approaches the sensor boundary, affecting the efficiency of solar energy capture.

[0070] To this end, this application proposes a photovoltaic panel installation device. This device can not only adjust the position of the photovoltaic panel through a high-precision tracking system to maximize the absorption and conversion efficiency of solar energy, but also store the converted electrical energy and directly use it for various electrical equipment to achieve energy self-sufficiency. This application significantly improves the mobility and environmental adaptability of the device, making it suitable for areas with insufficient grid coverage or difficult wiring, and provides an efficient and reliable energy solution for a wide range of electrical equipment, which has important practical value and broad market application prospects.

[0071] The details of the embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below through specific examples.

[0072] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a photovoltaic panel installation device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic panel installation device includes: a light monitor 1, a cylindrical base 2, a photovoltaic panel bracket 3, a positioning system 4, two disc brackets 5 and a support column 6;

[0073] The light monitor 1 and the positioning system 4 are respectively placed on the two disc brackets 5, the two disc brackets 5 are respectively fixedly connected to the cylindrical base 2, the bottom of the cylindrical base 2 is fixed to the top of the support column 6, and the photovoltaic panel bracket 3 is fixedly connected to the top of the cylindrical base 2; the photovoltaic panel 31 is fixed on the photovoltaic panel bracket 3;

[0074] The light monitor 1 includes a hemispherical transparent shell 11, a plurality of white hollow capillaries 12 and a plurality of photosensitive sensors 13; the top of the white hollow capillaries 12 is connected to the inner wall 11 of the transparent shell, and the photosensitive sensors 13 are embedded in the bottom;

[0075] A stepper motor 26 is disposed inside the cylindrical base 2, and a rotating shaft 29 of the stepper motor 26 is connected to the photovoltaic panel bracket 3, and driven by the stepper motor 26 to drive the photovoltaic panel 31 to rotate in the horizontal direction;

[0076] The photovoltaic panel support 3 is provided with a telescopic rod propulsion motor 33, and the telescopic rod propulsion motor 33 drives the photovoltaic panel 31 to perform tilted reciprocating motion in the vertical direction.

[0077] See also Figure 3 As shown, the light monitor 1 includes a transparent shell 11, a plurality of white hollow capillaries 12 and a photosensitive sensor 13. The top of the white hollow capillaries 12 is connected to the transparent shell 11, and the photosensitive sensor 13 is embedded in the bottom. The white hollow capillaries 12 and the photosensitive sensor are in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0078] The sensor array composed of multiple photosensors can be arranged in a hemispherical transparent shell made of polycarbonate (PC) material. The optical transparency and impact resistance of this material ensure that the sensor array can detect sunlight in all directions. In order to further improve the accuracy of identifying the direction of light, each photosensitive sensor is placed at one end of a white hollow capillary, and the other end of the white hollow capillary is vertically connected to the inner wall of the hemispherical transparent shell. The inner wall of the white hollow capillary is coated with white reflective material. Light enters from one end of the white hollow capillary perpendicular to the inner wall of the hemispherical transparent shell, and irradiates the photosensitive sensor at the other end of the white hollow capillary through the white hollow capillary. Since the white hollow capillary is white and has a certain length, white has a strong reflective ability and does not absorb light. When the light is not vertically incident, the light will be reflected several times on the inner wall. Because light is accompanied by energy consumption during the reflection process, after a limited number of reflections, the energy of the light will be consumed, and the light intensity reaching the photosensitive sensor after reflection is almost 0. When the light is vertically irradiated, the light directly reaches the photosensitive sensor, thereby ensuring the accuracy of light direction recognition. This design effectively filters out the interference of non-vertical incident light on the hemispherical surface, and at the same time utilizes the reflective properties of the inner wall of the white hollow capillary to enhance the light intensity received by the photosensitive sensor, thereby increasing the sensitivity and accuracy of the system. The photosensitive sensor array covers a range of 0° to 360° horizontally and 0° to 90° vertically, see Figure 4 As shown, its position coordinates are accurately encoded in the spherical coordinate system and stored in the microcontroller. The microcontroller uses its built-in ADC module to receive and process the light data from the photosensor array and evaluate the current light conditions.

[0079] In some optional implementations, a microcontroller 27 is disposed inside the cylindrical base 2, and the light monitor 1 is electrically connected to the microcontroller 27; the microcontroller 27 generates control signals for the stepper motor 26 and the telescopic rod propulsion motor 33 using the light intensity detected by the photosensor 13 on the light monitor 1.

[0080] See also Figure 5-Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, a stepper motor 26 may be installed inside the cylindrical base 2, and a rotating shaft 29 of the stepper motor 26 is fixedly connected to the photovoltaic bracket 3, so that the photovoltaic panel is driven to rotate in the horizontal direction under the drive of the stepper motor 26. In other embodiments, a microcontroller 27, a lithium battery 24, an MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controller 28 and an inverter 25 may also be installed inside the cylindrical base 2, and the stepper motor 26, the microcontroller 27, the lithium battery 24, the MPPT controller 28 and the inverter 25 are fixed inside the cylindrical base by bolts.

[0081] In some embodiments, the microcontroller 27 may be an STM32 microcontroller. The STM32 microcontroller establishes a high-speed, real-time communication link with the stepper motor and the telescopic push rod motor through a corresponding control algorithm, sends precise control signals to them, and ensures the accuracy and efficiency of the entire automated control process.

[0082] In some optional implementations, the microcontroller 27 calculates the sun's position using the light intensity detected by the photosensor 13, and generates the control signal based on the sun's position.

[0083] In some embodiments, the microcontroller controls the movement of the photovoltaic panel by generating a control signal so that the photovoltaic panel is always facing the sun.

[0084] The microcontroller controls the movement of the photovoltaic panel as follows:

[0085] Get the light intensity of the photosensitive sensor;

[0086] Calculating the sun's position using the light intensity;

[0087] Based on the sun position, control signals of the stepper motor and the telescopic rod propulsion motor are output to drive the stepper motor to rotate the photovoltaic panel in the horizontal direction, and / or drive the telescopic rod propulsion motor to tilt the photovoltaic panel in the vertical direction so that the photovoltaic panel faces the sun.

[0088] In some embodiments, calculating the sun position using the light intensity includes:

[0089] By comparing the light intensity of a plurality of the photosensitive sensors, determining whether the sunlight meets the set conditions;

[0090] When the sunlight meets the set conditions, the azimuth and altitude angles of the sun are calculated using the light intensity of the photosensitive sensor and the azimuth and altitude angles of the photosensitive sensor;

[0091] When the sunlight does not meet the set conditions, the solar hour angle and solar declination angle are calculated using the current time output by the positioning system, and the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle are calculated based on the solar hour angle, solar declination angle and position information output by the positioning system.

[0092] In other embodiments, based on the sun position, control signals of the stepper motor and the telescopic rod propulsion motor are output to drive the stepper motor to rotate the photovoltaic panel in the horizontal direction, and drive the telescopic rod propulsion motor to tilt the photovoltaic panel in the vertical direction, so that the photovoltaic panel faces the sun, including:

[0093] Outputting a control signal of the stepper motor based on the azimuth angle of the sun to drive the stepper motor to rotate leftward or rightward in the horizontal direction to a set horizontal angle; the set horizontal angle is related to the azimuth angle of the sun;

[0094] A control signal of the telescopic rod propulsion motor is output based on the altitude angle of the sun to drive the telescopic rod propulsion motor to tilt upward or downward in the vertical direction to set a vertical angle; the set vertical angle is related to the altitude angle of the sun.

[0095] The embodiments of the present application provide two mutually coordinated technical solutions to achieve efficient tracking and utilization of solar energy. Which technical solution is adopted depends on whether the sunlight conditions are good, that is, whether the sunlight meets the set conditions, which refers to whether the sunlight intensity reaches a certain level: when the light conditions are good, that is, the set conditions are met (such as on a clear day, the photosensor receives mainly direct sunlight), the intelligent photosensitivity tracking solution adopted in embodiment 1 is adopted; when the light conditions are poor, that is, the set conditions are not met (such as on a cloudy day, the photosensor receives reflected light or scattered light from all directions), the astronomical algorithm tracking solution adopted in embodiment 2 is adopted.

[0096] Whether the sunlight conditions are good depends on the relative size of the light intensity received by each photosensitive sensor on the light monitor. The light monitor is designed as a hemispherical photosensitive sensor array. These highly sensitive photosensitive sensors are evenly distributed in a transparent shell made of polycarbonate (PC) material and can detect sunlight in all directions. The position coordinates of the photosensitive sensors and the captured data are encoded and stored in the microcontroller. Since the photosensitive sensors are evenly distributed on the hemispherical surface, when the light conditions are good, the sunlight directly hits the hemispherical surface. Due to the position differences, the light angles received by different photosensitive sensors are also significantly different. Some receive vertical incident light, some receive oblique light, and some only receive light reflected from the surrounding environment. Therefore, the light intensity received by photosensitive sensors at different positions is also significantly different. When the light conditions are poor, that is, it is cloudy, since all photosensitive sensors do not receive direct sunlight, but only receive reflected or scattered light in all directions, there is no obvious difference in the light intensity received by photosensitive sensors at different positions on the hemispherical surface. In summary, to determine whether the light conditions are good, the current light conditions can be quickly identified by comparing the light intensity differences of photosensitive sensors at various positions. When the light conditions are good, the light intensity of the photosensitive sensors at different positions is obviously different, that is, the light emphasis difference is greater than a certain value; when the light conditions are poor, the difference in light intensity of the photosensitive sensors at different positions is less than a certain value. When the system determines that the light conditions are good, it can also identify the position range of the photosensitive sensors with higher light intensity. The position of the sun can be automatically calculated by weighted averaging the positions of these photosensitive sensors by light intensity; that is, the azimuth of the sun can be obtained by weighted averaging the azimuth of these photosensitive sensors by light intensity, and the altitude of the sun can be obtained by weighted averaging the altitude of these photosensitive sensors by light intensity. After the microcontroller automatically calculates the azimuth and altitude of the sun, it outputs a control signal to the stepper motor and the telescopic push rod motor to accurately adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel to ensure that it is always facing the sun. This is the technical solution adopted in Example 1.

[0097] When the system determines that the light conditions are poor, the second embodiment, that is, the astronomical algorithm tracking solution, is used. This solution uses the time and position information provided by the positioning system, that is, the longitude and latitude data, combined with accurate astronomical calculation formulas, and the microcontroller calculates the real-time position of the sun, and then calculates the azimuth and altitude of the sun. The subsequent steps are the same as those of the first embodiment. According to different lighting conditions, the system automatically switches the tracking method. The two technical solutions cooperate with each other to improve the tracking accuracy and energy capture of sunlight.

[0098] In some embodiments, the adjustment relationship between the solar azimuth angle and the horizontal rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel is:

[0099] The azimuth angle (A) of the sun indicates the angle between the projection of the sun's rays on the horizon and the south direction. After calculating the azimuth angle of the sun, the microcontroller generates a corresponding PWM control signal based on this data to drive the stepper motor to rotate horizontally. The stepper motor is responsible for accurately adjusting the horizontal angle of the photovoltaic panel within the range of 0° to 360° to ensure that the orientation of the photovoltaic panel matches the azimuth angle of the sun. For example, if the azimuth angle of the sun is 30°, the photovoltaic panel will deflect 30° to the east accordingly to keep facing the sun.

[0100] In other embodiments, the adjustment relationship between the sun's altitude angle and the vertical tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel is:

[0101] The sun's altitude (H) represents the angle between the sun's rays and the horizon. After calculating the sun's altitude, the microcontroller generates another PWM control signal to drive the telescopic actuator motor to adjust the vertical tilt. The telescopic actuator motor is responsible for accurately adjusting the vertical tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel within the range of 0° to 90° to ensure that the photovoltaic panel can receive the maximum amount of sunlight. For example, if the sun's altitude is 45°, the photovoltaic panel will be tilted up 45° accordingly to remain perpendicular to the sun's rays.

[0102] It is understandable that in actual operation, the horizontal rotation angle and vertical tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel can be adjusted at the same time. The system will comprehensively adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel according to the real-time calculated solar azimuth and altitude to achieve accurate tracking of sunlight.

[0103] The solution of embodiment 1 is described below:

[0104] When the light conditions are good, the microcontroller receives and processes the data from the sensor. i ,φ i )The received light intensity is converted into a voltage value, the voltage value is weighted averaged, and the microcontroller automatically calculates the azimuth and altitude angle of the sun (θ sun ,φ sun ), as shown in formula (1), where U i is the voltage value of the i-th photosensor, θ i is the azimuth angle of the i-th photosensor, φ i is the altitude angle of the i-th photosensor.

[0105]

[0106] See also Fig.14As shown, the working process of the first embodiment: when the start time arrives, the system starts to power on and start, and performs the tracking task. The microcontroller collects the data of the photosensitive sensor. If no sunlight is detected, the system delays for 10 minutes and then detects again until light is detected. If sunlight is detected, then it is determined whether the light conditions are good. If the light conditions are good, the microcontroller uses the collected light data to calculate the altitude and azimuth of the sun. Based on the altitude and azimuth, the microcontroller generates a PWM control signal to accurately control the stepper motor and the telescopic push rod motor, adjust the photovoltaic panel to align with the sun, and optimize the capture efficiency of solar energy. After the adjustment is completed, the system delays for another 10 minutes to avoid frequent operation of the photovoltaic panel by the motor. At the same time, the system continuously monitors the current light conditions. When poor light conditions are detected, the system switches to the operation of the second embodiment of the present application. At the end of each tracking cycle, the system will determine whether the predetermined end time has been reached. If the timing end time is reached, the system will drive the photovoltaic panel to reset, turn off the motor, and wait for the next start time to arrive. If the timing end time is not reached, the system will continue to perform the tracking task. This process ensures that photovoltaic panels can accurately track the sun, improves the utilization of solar energy, and enhances the stability and reliability of the device.

[0107] The solution of the second embodiment is described below.

[0108] It is understandable that the movement of the sun and the earth has a constant law, rising and setting, day after day. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the position of the sun is calculated by a formula. Generally, the study of the movement of the earth and the sun is carried out in the equatorial coordinate system or the horizontal coordinate system. This embodiment adopts the horizontal coordinate system.

[0109] See also Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the position of the sun in the horizontal coordinate system is determined by the solar altitude angle and the azimuth angle. For a certain point on the earth, the solar altitude angle refers to the angle between the incident direction of sunlight and the horizon.

[0110] The solar altitude angle is defined as Figure 8 As shown in the figure, when the sun is rising and the light is parallel to the ground, its altitude angle is 0°; at noon, the maximum altitude angle of the sun is 90°; when the sun sets, that is, when the sun is below the ground, its altitude angle is 0°. From the above analysis, we can see that the range of the sun's altitude angle is 0°-90°.

[0111] like Fig. 9As shown, the sun's rays are projected onto the ground, and the azimuth is the angle between the resulting projection and the meridian of the location, which can be understood as the angle between the projected rays and due south. The azimuth specifies that due south is 0°, due east is -90°, and due west is 90°. It decreases evenly from 0° to -90° from due south to due east, and increases evenly from 0° to 90° from due south to due west. At 12 noon, the sun's azimuth is 0°; the change pattern in the afternoon is that the sun's azimuth gradually changes from 0 to positive, and the total range of change is: -120°-120°.

[0112] To calculate the altitude and azimuth, the solar hour angle ω and solar declination δ need to be calculated in advance, where the solar hour angle is defined as the angle between the position of the sun at a certain moment and the position of the sun at noon. The Earth's rotation period is one day, and the rotation angle is 360°, so the rate of change of the solar hour angle is 15° / hour. The true solar hour angle is defined as the center angle of the true solar hour disk plus or minus 12. The calculation formula is as follows: (2), where ω is the solar hour angle, T is the true solar hour angle, and the center angle of the true solar hour disk refers to the position angle of the center of the solar hour disk in the sky. The center angle of the true solar hour disk is equal to the true solar hour angle minus 12.

[0113]

[0114] The declination angle δ is defined as the angle between the ecliptic plane and the celestial equatorial plane, and its range is -23.45°-23.45°.

[0115] The calculation formula of declination angle δ is:

[0116] δ=0.3723+23.2567sinβ+0.1149sin2β-0.1712sin3β-0.7580cosβ+0.3656cos2β+0.0201cos3β (3)

[0117] In formula (3), β is the sun angle.

[0118]

[0119] In formula (4), N0 refers to the starting point of the base cumulative day, and N refers to the cumulative day, which is the day of the year. For example, on January 1, N is 1, and on February 3, N is 34.

[0120]

[0121] The function of INT in formula (5) is to take an integer value. To calculate the solar hour angle, it is necessary to calculate the true solar time.

[0122]

[0123] Time difference = 12 (0.000076 + 0.001869cosβ - 0.03207sinβ - 0.014616cos2β - 0.04085sin2β) ÷ π (7)

[0124] According to the values ​​calculated above, by substituting them into the altitude angle formula (8) and the azimuth angle formula (9), the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle at a certain time in a certain area can be accurately calculated.

[0125] The formula for calculating the solar altitude angle is as follows:

[0126] Sin H = sinψ sinδ+cosψ cosδ cosω (8)

[0127] Among them, H is the altitude angle (that is, the value to be calculated), and ψ is the geographic latitude.

[0128] The formula for calculating the solar azimuth is as follows:

[0129]

[0130] Among them, A is the solar azimuth (that is, the value sought).

[0131] This embodiment uses a high-precision astronomical algorithm as the core to achieve accurate calculation of the sun's position. The system uses the time and longitude and latitude information provided by the positioning system, receives these data through the STM32 microcontroller, and then uses the above astronomical algorithm to calculate the sun's hour angle, altitude angle and azimuth. Among them, the positioning system can be a GPS global positioning system.

[0132] See also Fig.14As shown, the working process of the second embodiment of the present application is as follows: when the start time arrives, the system starts to power on and start, and performs the tracking task. The microcontroller collects the data of the photosensitive sensor. If no light is detected, the system delays for 10 minutes and then detects again until light is detected. If light is detected, the light conditions are then judged. When the light conditions are poor, the system collects time and geographic location data through GPS, and uses astronomical algorithms to calculate the altitude and azimuth of the sun. Based on the altitude and azimuth, the microcontroller generates a PWM control signal to accurately control the stepper motor and the telescopic push rod motor, adjust the photovoltaic panel to align with the sun, and optimize the capture efficiency of solar energy. After the adjustment is completed, the system delays for another 10 minutes to avoid frequent operation of the motor on the photovoltaic panel, and the system continues to monitor the current light conditions. When the light conditions are good, the system switches to the operation of the first embodiment of the present application. At the end of each tracking cycle, the system will determine whether the predetermined end time has been reached. If the timing end time is reached, the system will drive the photovoltaic panel to reset, turn off the motor, and wait for the next start time to arrive. If the timing end time is not reached, the system will continue to perform the tracking task. This process ensures that photovoltaic panels can accurately track the sun, improves the utilization of solar energy, and enhances the stability and reliability of the device.

[0133] In some optional implementations, the position coordinates of the multiple photosensors 13 are encoded in the spherical coordinate system where the hemispherical transparent shell 11 of the light monitor 1 is located and stored in the microcontroller 27; the microcontroller 27 generates the control signal based on the sun position and the stored position coordinates of the photosensors.

[0134] In this embodiment, the photosensitive sensor array is arranged in a hemispherical transparent housing, and this hemispherical design allows the photosensitive sensor to detect sunlight in all directions. In order to accurately track the position of the sun, the position of each photosensitive sensor can be encoded in a spherical coordinate system.

[0135] The spherical coordinate system is a three-dimensional coordinate system in which the position of each photosensitive sensor is determined by three parameters: origin distance (r), azimuth angle (θ), and altitude angle (φ). In this application, since the photosensitive sensors are all located on the inner surface of the hemispherical shell, the origin distance (r) is a constant that depends mainly on the radius of the hemispherical shell. Therefore, the main focus is on the encoding of the azimuth angle (θ) and altitude angle (φ).

[0136] The azimuth (θ) indicates the angle from a fixed direction (such as the north direction) to the location of the photosensitive sensor in a counterclockwise direction, ranging from 0° to 360°. The altitude (φ) indicates the angle from the lowest point of the hemispherical shell (such as the vertical projection point of the center of the sphere and the ground) to the location of the photosensitive sensor, ranging from 0° to 90°.

[0137] The encoding process includes determining the position of the photosensitive sensor, measuring the coordinates of the photosensitive sensor, encoding the photosensitive sensor information, establishing a database, and data processing and tracking, which are introduced below.

[0138] The process of determining the position of the light sensor is described as follows:

[0139] First, during the design process of the inner surface of the hemispherical shell, the position of each photosensitive sensor needs to be accurately determined. This process can be completed using computer-aided design (CAD) software to ensure that the positions of the photosensitive sensors are evenly and accurately distributed.

[0140] The process of measuring the photosensitive sensor coordinates is described as follows:

[0141] Once the photosensitive sensor locations are determined, precision measurement tools are used to measure the azimuth (θ) and elevation (φ) of each photosensitive sensor. These measurements will be used as the basis for the encoding.

[0142] The process of encoding light sensor information is described as follows:

[0143] Once the measurements are complete, the azimuth (θ) and altitude (φ) angles of each sensor are converted into digital codes and stored in a microcontroller. This encoding process typically involves converting the angle values ​​into binary or hexadecimal codes so that the microcontroller can efficiently process and store the information.

[0144] The process of establishing a database is described as follows:

[0145] The coded information of all photosensors can be stored in a database, which can be a simple table structure, where each row represents a photosensor and contains its unique identifier, azimuth angle (θ), altitude angle (φ) and other related information (such as sensor sensitivity, response time, etc.).

[0146] The data processing and tracking process is described as follows:

[0147] When the photovoltaic panel installation device is running, the microcontroller will continuously receive data from the photosensitive sensor array. These data will be converted into voltage values ​​and processed through algorithms such as weighted average to calculate the current position of the sun (i.e. azimuth and altitude). The microcontroller will then generate corresponding control signals to adjust the position of the photovoltaic panel through the stepper motor and telescopic push rod motor so that it is always facing the sun, that is, the photovoltaic panel is aligned with the position coordinates of the sun.

[0148] In some optional implementations, the photovoltaic panel is fixed on the support plate 36 of the photovoltaic panel bracket 3; the central hole 37 of the support plate 36 has an internal keyway 38, and is connected to the key 211 on the rotating shaft 29 of the stepper motor 26 by a flat key, the rotating shaft 29 has threads, and the protruding part is fixed by a nut, so that the support plate 36 and the rotating shaft 29 rotate synchronously. Figure 6 As shown, the rotating shaft 29 of the stepping motor 26 protrudes upward relative to the top surface of the cylindrical base 2, and the protruding portion is provided with a thread. Fig.10 As shown, the photovoltaic panel bracket 3 has a support plate 36, and the photovoltaic panel 31 is connected to the support plate 36 through a hinge 34. The support plate 36 has a central hole 37, and the central hole 37 has an internal keyway 38, and the internal keyway 38 of the central hole 37 is connected to the key 211 of the rotating shaft 29 of the stepping motor 26 by a flat key. The part of the rotating shaft 29 protruding from the support plate 36 has a thread, and the rotating shaft 29 and the support plate 36 are fixed by a nut, so that the support plate 36 is fixed on the rotating shaft 29 and rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft 29.

[0149] In some optional implementations, the rotating shaft 29 of the stepper motor 26 is further embedded with an electric slip ring 210 , and the electric slip ring 210 rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft 29 .

[0150] Among them, the electric slip ring is an electrical rotating connector, which can ensure the continuous transmission of wire signals without entanglement while the device rotates. In this embodiment, the electric slip ring is nested and fixed on the rotating shaft of the stepper motor, and rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft. The wires on the photovoltaic panel bracket, such as the wires of the positive and negative junction boxes 32 on the back of the photovoltaic panel, are connected to the circuit of the fixed part, such as the MPPT controller, through the electric slip ring. When the photovoltaic panel rotates with the drive of the stepper motor and the telescopic push rod motor, the contact ring and brush structure inside the electric slip ring will ensure the stable transmission of the electrical signal, thereby achieving the effect of avoiding line entanglement during the rotation of the photovoltaic panel. The main function of the motor slip ring is to transmit electrical energy and signals during the rotation of the motor. It allows electrical energy or control signals to be transmitted between the fixed part and the rotating part.

[0151] The design of the electric slip ring effectively avoids the problem of line winding, improves the stability and service life of the device, and ensures the freedom of the wires during the rotation of the photovoltaic panel and the stable operation of the device. The MPPT controller integrated in the device detects the power generation voltage of the solar panel in real time, and tracks the maximum voltage and current value (VI) to charge the lithium battery with maximum power output. The inverter converts the direct current (DC) generated by the solar photovoltaic panel into alternating current (AC), and the lithium battery provides energy storage for the system to achieve energy self-sufficiency.

[0152] In some optional implementations, the support plate 36 of the photovoltaic panel bracket 3 is connected to the photovoltaic panel 31 via three hinged joints 34, two of which are directly connected to the photovoltaic panel 31, and the other hinged joint is hingedly connected to the back of the photovoltaic panel 31 via the telescopic push rod motor 33. The support plate 36 has a hole 35 at a position halfway between the center, and the wires of the positive and negative junction boxes 32 fixed on the back of the photovoltaic panel 31 pass through the hole 35, are connected to the wires above the electric slip ring 210, and are led out through the wires below the electric slip ring 210.

[0153] See also Fig.10 As shown, the support plate 36 is connected to the photovoltaic panel through a hinge 34, two of which are directly connected to the photovoltaic panel 31, and the other hinge is hingedly connected to the back of the photovoltaic panel 31 through a telescopic push rod motor 33. The support plate 36 has a hole 35 with a radius of one-tenth at a position halfway from the center. The positive and negative wiring boxes 32 pass through the hole 35 and are connected to the wires above the electric slip ring 210. They are led out through the wires below the electric slip ring 210. The led-out lower wires are electrically connected to the MPPT controller 28, the MPPT controller 28 is electrically connected to the lithium battery 24, the MPPT controller 28 is electrically connected to the inverter 25, and the inverter 25 or the MPPT controller 28 is electrically connected to the load through the load socket 22. Among them, the positive and negative wiring boxes connect the power generated by the solar cell to the external circuit. The positive and negative wiring boxes are glued to the back plate of the photovoltaic panel assembly through silica gel, and the lead wires in the assembly are connected together through the internal circuit in the wiring box, and the internal circuit is connected to the external cable, so that the assembly and the external cable are conductive.

[0154] In some optional implementations, a lithium battery 24, an inverter 25 and an MPPT controller 28 are also provided inside the cylindrical base 2; the wires below the electric slip ring 210 are electrically connected to the MPPT controller 28, and the MPPT controller 28 is electrically connected to the lithium battery 24 and the inverter 25 respectively, and the inverter 25 or the MPPT controller 28 is electrically connected to the load through the load socket 22; the MPPT controller 28 detects the power generation voltage of the photovoltaic panel 31 in real time, and tracks the voltage current value (VI) to charge the lithium battery 24; the inverter 25 converts the direct current generated by the photovoltaic panel into alternating current.

[0155] Among them, lithium battery is a rechargeable energy storage device. In the photovoltaic panel automatic tracking sunlight device, the lithium battery provides power support for the entire system, ensuring that the system can continue to operate without an external power supply. In this embodiment, the integrated MPPT controller works in conjunction with the lithium battery pack to achieve efficient storage and supply of energy, ensuring the continuous operation of the device under insufficient light conditions and enhancing energy independence.

[0156] The MPPT controller can track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic panel's output power in real time, maximize the utilization of solar energy, and efficiently charge the optimized power into the lithium battery pack, providing a long-lasting and stable DC power supply for the entire system.

[0157] The lithium battery pack serves as the energy storage center of the entire system. Through the inverter module, it intelligently and efficiently converts direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) according to the actual needs of various AC power equipment in the system, thereby meeting the power supply needs of various power equipment. This collaborative working mechanism not only ensures the continuous operation of the device under insufficient light conditions, but also significantly enhances the energy independence and overall performance of the device.

[0158] In some optional implementations, the main structure of the cylindrical base 2 is composed of a base outer wall 21 located above and a cylindrical bottom plate 23 located below, the upper bottom diameter of the cylindrical bottom plate 23 is the same as that of the base outer wall 21, the base outer wall 21 is a hollow cylinder, the cylindrical bottom plate 23 is a truncated cone, the lower bottom diameter of the cylindrical bottom plate 23 is larger than that of the base outer wall 21, and the lower bottom diameter of the cylindrical bottom plate 23 is the same as the surface diameter of the top connecting plate 61 of the support column 6, and the cylindrical bottom plate 23 is fixedly connected to the top connecting plate 61.

[0159] See also Fig.11 As shown, the cylindrical base 2 is fixed on the top of the support column 6, and the shape of the cylindrical bottom plate 23 is designed to be a truncated cone, and a vertical threaded hole in the same direction as the top of the support column is opened on its bottom surface (see Figure 6 The upper bottom diameter of the cylindrical bottom plate 23 is the same as the base outer wall 21, and the lower bottom diameter is larger than the base outer wall 21 and is the same as the surface diameter of the top connection plate 61. The top connection plate 61 of the support column 6 is a regular cylinder.

[0160] The base outer wall 21 is not directly connected to the load socket 22. The load socket 22 is positioned by a groove inside the space of the base outer wall 21 and is fixed to the inside of the cylindrical base 2 by screws. The load socket 22 can be electrically connected to the inverter 25 or the MPPT controller 28, depending on whether the load uses AC or DC. When the load uses AC, the load socket 22 is electrically connected to the inverter 25; when the load uses DC, the load socket 22 is electrically connected to the MPPT controller 28.

[0161] In some optional implementations, the two disc brackets 5 have the same shape but different sizes, and the disc bracket 5 includes a supporting chassis 51, a supporting arm 52 and a bracket base 53; the light monitor 1 and the positioning system 4 are placed on the supporting chassis 51, and the bracket base 53 is fixed to the outer wall of the cylindrical base 2.

[0162] See also Fig.12 As shown, the support chassis can be disc-shaped, the support arm is strip-shaped and extends from one side of the support chassis, and the other end of the support arm is fixedly connected to the bracket base, and the bracket base is fixedly connected to the base outer wall 21 of the cylindrical base 2 by bolts. Two disc brackets can be fixed on opposite sides of the base outer wall 21, so as to extend from the base outer wall 21 in opposite directions.

[0163] See also Fig.13 As shown, the cylindrical bottom plate 23 is connected to the top connecting plate 61 , the top connecting plate 61 is connected to the supporting column 62 , and the supporting column 62 is fixed to the base plate 63 .

[0164] The above is the photovoltaic panel installation device and photovoltaic panel control method proposed in this application. This application can bring the following effects:

[0165] 1. This application adopts a high-precision sunlight tracking solution to achieve dynamic and high-precision adjustment of the photovoltaic panel to the solar incident angle, significantly improving the capture rate and conversion efficiency of sunlight, especially during periods of rapid weather changes. Theoretical analysis shows that the energy reception rate differs by 37.7% between tracking and non-tracking the sun.

[0166] 2. The light monitor adopts a hemispherical transparent shell made of polycarbonate (PC) material. This design provides the ability to detect sunlight in all directions at 360°, ensuring no-blind-angle monitoring of sunlight. Compared with the traditional single-point or linear sensor layout, it improves the detection accuracy of the sun's position and the response speed of the tracking system; at the same time, the hemispherical photosensor array is combined with the spherical coordinate system encoding technology to improve the tracking accuracy of the sun's position.

[0167] 3. The white hollow capillary tube used in the present application can not only filter out most of the light that is not vertically incident into the tube, but also the high reflective properties of the white inner wall of the tube can enhance the convergence of the light entering the capillary tube, thereby better judging the light conditions and light direction.

[0168] 4. The two tracking schemes proposed in this application can be switched intelligently according to the real-time lighting conditions and cooperate with each other. When the lighting conditions are good, the light monitor is used to track the sunlight; when the lighting conditions are poor, the positioning system and astronomical algorithm are used to track the sunlight. The combination of the two schemes not only optimizes the tracking efficiency, but also enhances the adaptability and reliability of the system in different environments and weather conditions.

[0169] 5. The coordinated work of the stepper motor and the telescopic push rod motor realizes the multi-dimensional adjustment of the photovoltaic panels in space and optimizes the efficiency of capturing sunlight.

[0170] 6. The integrated design of the electric slip ring effectively solves the cable management problem during the rotation of the photovoltaic panel, reduces the wear during the movement, and thus prolongs the trouble-free operation time and maintenance cycle of the device.

[0171] 7. The integrated MPPT controller works in conjunction with the lithium battery pack to achieve efficient power conversion and storage through the MPPT controller. The inverter converts the direct current (DC) generated by the solar photovoltaic panels into alternating current (AC). The lithium battery provides a stable energy supply for the system, enhancing the device's ability to continue operating under low light conditions and enhancing energy independence.

[0172] 8. This application is particularly suitable for environments with insufficient grid coverage or difficult wiring, providing an efficient and reliable solar energy utilization solution and enhancing the adaptability and flexibility of the device in changing environments.

[0173] 9. Automatic tracking of sunlight reduces human intervention and improves the intelligence level of the system.

[0174] 10. The modular design makes it easy to replace and upgrade each component, which improves the maintainability of the device and the flexibility of technological updates.

[0175] The present disclosure provides a photovoltaic panel control method according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the photovoltaic panel control method comprises the following steps:

[0176] Get the light intensity of the photosensitive sensor;

[0177] Calculating the sun's position using the light intensity;

[0178] Based on the sun position, control signals of the stepper motor and the telescopic rod propulsion motor are output to drive the stepper motor to rotate the photovoltaic panel in the horizontal direction, and / or drive the telescopic rod propulsion motor to tilt the photovoltaic panel in the vertical direction.

[0179] In some optional implementations, calculating the sun position using the light intensity includes:

[0180] By comparing the light intensity of a plurality of the photosensitive sensors, determining whether the sunlight meets the set conditions;

[0181] When the sunlight meets the set conditions, the azimuth and altitude angle of the sun are calculated using the light intensity of the photosensitive sensor and the azimuth angle of the photosensitive sensor;

[0182] When the sunlight does not meet the set conditions, the solar hour angle and the solar declination angle are calculated using the current time output by the positioning system, and the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle are calculated based on the solar hour angle, the solar declination angle and the position information output by the positioning system;

[0183] In some optional implementations, based on the sun position, control signals of a stepper motor and a telescopic rod propulsion motor are output to drive the stepper motor to rotate the photovoltaic panel in the horizontal direction, and to drive the telescopic rod propulsion motor to tilt the photovoltaic panel in the vertical direction, so that the photovoltaic panel faces the sun, including:

[0184] Outputting a control signal of the stepper motor based on the azimuth angle of the sun to drive the stepper motor to rotate leftward or rightward in the horizontal direction to a set horizontal angle; the set horizontal angle is related to the azimuth angle of the sun;

[0185] A control signal of the telescopic rod propulsion motor is output based on the altitude angle of the sun to drive the telescopic rod propulsion motor to tilt upward or downward in the vertical direction to set a vertical angle; the set vertical angle is related to the altitude angle of the sun.

[0186] In this embodiment, the method uses the photovoltaic panel installation device described above to control the movement of the photovoltaic panel. Specific details can be found in the description of the photovoltaic panel installation device above, which will not be repeated here.

[0187] The photovoltaic panel control device provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure comprises the following steps:

[0188] An acquisition module is configured to acquire light intensity of a photosensitive sensor;

[0189] A calculation module, configured to calculate the sun position using the light intensity;

[0190] The control module is configured to output control signals for the stepper motor and the telescopic rod propulsion motor based on the sun position, so as to drive the stepper motor to rotate the photovoltaic panel in the horizontal direction, and / or drive the telescopic rod propulsion motor to tilt the photovoltaic panel in the vertical direction.

[0191] In some optional implementations, the calculation module is implemented as follows:

[0192] By comparing the light intensity of a plurality of the photosensitive sensors, determining whether the sunlight meets the set conditions;

[0193] When the sunlight meets the set conditions, the azimuth and altitude angles of the sun are calculated using the light intensity of the photosensitive sensor and the azimuth and altitude angles of the photosensitive sensor;

[0194] When the sunlight does not meet the set conditions, the solar hour angle and the solar declination angle are calculated using the current time output by the positioning system, and the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle are calculated based on the solar hour angle, the solar declination angle and the position information output by the positioning system;

[0195] In some optional implementations, the control module is implemented as:

[0196] Outputting a control signal of the stepper motor based on the azimuth angle of the sun to drive the stepper motor to rotate leftward or rightward in the horizontal direction to a set horizontal angle; the set horizontal angle is related to the azimuth angle of the sun;

[0197] A control signal of the telescopic rod propulsion motor is output based on the altitude angle of the sun to drive the telescopic rod propulsion motor to tilt upward or downward in the vertical direction to set a vertical angle; the set vertical angle is related to the altitude angle of the sun.

[0198] The above photovoltaic panel control device corresponds to the above photovoltaic panel control method. The specific details can be found in the above description and will not be repeated here.

[0199] The functions implemented by the photovoltaic panel control device can be implemented by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions.

[0200] In one possible design, the structure of the above-mentioned device includes a memory and a processor, the memory is used to store one or more computer instructions that support the above-mentioned device to execute the above-mentioned corresponding method, and the processor is configured to execute the computer instructions stored in the memory. The above-mentioned device may also include a communication interface for the above-mentioned device to communicate with other devices or communication networks.

[0201] The present disclosure also discloses an electronic device, which includes a memory and a processor; wherein:

[0202] The memory is used to store one or more computer instructions, wherein the one or more computer instructions are executed by the processor to implement the above method steps.

[0203] The flow charts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the possible architecture, functions and operations of the systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each box in the flow chart or block diagram can represent a module, a program segment or a part of a code, and the module, a program segment or a part of the code contains one or more executable instructions for realizing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the box can also occur in a different order from the order marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two boxes represented in succession can actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they can sometimes be executed in the opposite order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each box in the block diagram and / or flow chart, and the combination of the boxes in the block diagram and / or flow chart can be implemented with a dedicated hardware-based system that performs a specified function or operation, or can be implemented with a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0204] The units or modules involved in the embodiments described in the present disclosure may be implemented by software or hardware. The units or modules described may also be arranged in a processor, and the names of these units or modules do not constitute limitations on the units or modules themselves in some cases.

[0205] As another aspect, the present disclosure further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be a computer-readable storage medium included in the device described in the above embodiment; or a computer-readable storage medium that exists independently and is not assembled into the device. The computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs, and the programs are used by one or more processors to execute the method described in the present disclosure.

[0206] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and an explanation of the technical principles used. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the present disclosure is not limited to the technical solution formed by a specific combination of the above technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features are replaced with the technical features with similar functions disclosed in the present disclosure (but not limited to) by each other.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic panel installation device, characterized in that: include: A light monitor (1), a cylindrical base (2), a photovoltaic panel support (3), a positioning system (4), two disc supports (5) and a support column (6); The light monitor (1) and the positioning system (4) are respectively placed on the two disc brackets (5), the two disc brackets (5) are respectively fixedly connected to the cylindrical base (2), the bottom of the cylindrical base (2) is fixed to the top of the support column (6), and the photovoltaic panel bracket (3) is fixedly connected to the top of the cylindrical base (2); the photovoltaic panel (31) is fixed on the photovoltaic panel bracket (3); The light monitor (1) comprises a hemispherical transparent shell (11), a plurality of white hollow capillaries (12) and a plurality of photosensitive sensors (13); the top of the white hollow capillaries (12) is connected to the inner wall (11) of the transparent shell, and the photosensitive sensors (13) are embedded in the bottom; A stepper motor (26) is arranged inside the cylindrical base (2), a rotating shaft (29) of the stepper motor (26) is connected to the photovoltaic panel bracket (3), and driven by the stepper motor (26) to drive the photovoltaic panel (31) to rotate in a horizontal direction; The photovoltaic panel support (3) is provided with a telescopic rod propulsion motor (33), and the telescopic rod propulsion motor (33) drives the photovoltaic panel (31) to perform inclined reciprocating motion in a vertical direction.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein: A microcontroller (27) is disposed inside the cylindrical base (2), and the light monitor (1) is electrically connected to the microcontroller (27); the microcontroller (27) generates control signals for the stepping motor (26) and the telescopic rod propulsion motor (33) using the light intensity detected by the photosensor (13) on the light monitor (1); and / or, The microcontroller (27) calculates the sun position using the light intensity detected by the photosensor (13), and generates the control signal based on the sun position; and / or, The position coordinates of the plurality of light-sensitive sensors (13) are encoded in a spherical coordinate system where the hemispherical transparent housing (11) of the light monitor (1) is located, and then stored in the microcontroller (27); the microcontroller (27) generates the control signal based on the sun position and the stored position coordinates of the light-sensitive sensors.

3. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein: The photovoltaic panel is fixed on the support plate (36) of the photovoltaic panel bracket (3); the central hole (37) of the support plate (36) has an internal keyway (38), and is connected to the key (211) on the rotating shaft (29) of the stepping motor (26) by a flat key, the rotating shaft (29) has a thread, and the protruding part is fixed by a nut, so that the support plate (36) and the rotating shaft (29) rotate synchronously; and / or, The rotating shaft (29) of the stepping motor (26) is also embedded with an electric slip ring (210), and the electric slip ring (210) rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft (29).

4. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein: The support plate (36) of the photovoltaic panel bracket (3) is connected to the photovoltaic panel (31) via three hinged joints (34), two of which are directly connected to the photovoltaic panel (31), and the other hinged joint is hingedly connected to the back of the photovoltaic panel (31) via the telescopic push rod motor (33); the support plate (36) has a hole (35) at a position halfway from the center, and the wires of the positive and negative junction boxes (32) fixed on the back of the photovoltaic panel (31) pass through the hole (35), are connected to the wires above the electric slip ring (210), and are led out through the wires below the electric slip ring (210); and / or, A lithium battery (24), an inverter (25) and an MPPT controller (28) are also arranged inside the cylindrical base (2); the wires below the electric slip ring (210) are electrically connected to the MPPT controller (28), the MPPT controller (28) is electrically connected to the lithium battery (24) and the inverter (25) respectively, and the inverter (25) or the MPPT controller (28) is electrically connected to the load through the load socket (22); the MPPT controller (28) detects the power generation voltage of the photovoltaic panel (31) in real time, and tracks the voltage and current values ​​to charge the lithium battery (24); the inverter (25) converts the direct current generated by the photovoltaic panel into alternating current.

5. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein: The main structure of the cylindrical base (2) comprises a base outer wall (21) located at the top and a cylindrical bottom plate (23) located at the bottom, the upper bottom diameter of the cylindrical bottom plate (23) being the same as that of the base outer wall (21), the base outer wall (21) being a hollow cylinder, the cylindrical bottom plate (23) being a truncated cone, the lower bottom diameter of the cylindrical bottom plate (23) being larger than that of the base outer wall (21), and the lower bottom diameter of the cylindrical bottom plate (23) being the same as the surface diameter of the top connecting plate (61) of the support column (6), and the cylindrical bottom plate (23) being fixedly connected to the top connecting plate (61).

6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein: The two disc supports (5) have the same shape but different sizes. The disc supports (5) comprise a supporting chassis (51), a supporting arm (52) and a support base (53). The light monitor (1) and the positioning system (4) are placed on the supporting chassis (51), and the support base (53) is fixed to the outer wall of the cylindrical base (2).

7. A photovoltaic panel control method, characterized in that: It uses the photovoltaic panel installation device described in any one of claims 1 to 6 to control the movement of the photovoltaic panel; The photovoltaic panel control method comprises: Get the light intensity of the photosensitive sensor; Calculating the sun position using the light intensity; Based on the sun position, control signals of the stepper motor and the telescopic rod propulsion motor are output to drive the stepper motor to rotate the photovoltaic panel in the horizontal direction, and / or drive the telescopic rod propulsion motor to tilt the photovoltaic panel in the vertical direction.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: Calculating the sun position using the light intensity includes: By comparing the light intensity of a plurality of the photosensitive sensors, determining whether the sunlight meets the set conditions; When the sunlight meets the set conditions, the azimuth and altitude angles of the sun are calculated using the light intensity of the photosensitive sensor and the azimuth and altitude angles of the photosensitive sensor; When the sunlight does not meet the set conditions, the solar hour angle and the solar declination angle are calculated using the current time output by the positioning system, and the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle are calculated based on the solar hour angle, the solar declination angle and the position information output by the positioning system; and / or, Based on the position of the sun, control signals of a stepper motor and a telescopic rod propulsion motor are output to drive the stepper motor to rotate the photovoltaic panel in the horizontal direction, and drive the telescopic rod propulsion motor to tilt the photovoltaic panel in the vertical direction, so that the photovoltaic panel faces the sun, including: Outputting a control signal of the stepper motor based on the azimuth angle of the sun to drive the stepper motor to rotate leftward or rightward in the horizontal direction to a set horizontal angle; the set horizontal angle is related to the azimuth angle of the sun; A control signal of the telescopic rod propulsion motor is output based on the altitude angle of the sun to drive the telescopic rod propulsion motor to tilt upward or downward in the vertical direction to set a vertical angle; the set vertical angle is related to the altitude angle of the sun.

9. An electronic device, wherein: The method comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the method of claim 7 or 8.

10. A computer program product comprising computer instructions, wherein: When the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the method according to claim 7 or 8 is implemented.

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