Capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water of rock slope and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water of rock slope and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and water resource management. The capillary seepage material is a cylinder made of bamboo fiber, coconut fiber, vermiculite, horticultural perlite and bamboo shoot shell. The material can be divided into three layers when being cut open, the inner layer is a spherical ball made of mixed vermiculite and horticultural perlite, which can effectively absorb, store and release the surrounding moisture, the middle layer is formed by interlaced weaving and stacking of bamboo fiber and coconut fiber, and the outer layer is the bamboo shoot shell with the functions of collecting and guiding water. When the weather is dry, the water storage device is watered, and the material can slowly release moisture under the osmotic pressure of water. The application adopts natural bamboo fiber and coconut fiber, fully utilizes the natural resources of waste coconut skin and bamboo shoot shell, and the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, and are pollution-free to the environment. The application has simple process, low production cost, environmental friendliness, low maintenance cost and good industrial prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection and water resource management, and in particular to a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Rock slope greening is an important ecological governance measure that helps prevent soil erosion, improve slope stability, and enhance the ecological environment. Rock slope greening can provide vegetation cover, thereby reducing surface runoff, enhancing soil stability, and mitigating risks such as landslides. Greening also enhances biodiversity, improves the microclimate, promotes water infiltration, and improves water resource utilization efficiency. In terms of environmental beautification, rock slope greening enhances landscape value, strengthens community identity, reduces maintenance costs, and promotes tourism and economic development. Slope greening is a key measure for achieving both environmental protection and sustainable economic development, with significant ecological, social, and economic benefits.

[0003] The stability of rock slopes is significantly affected by fissure water. Existing methods for collecting and removing fissure water vary, but most suffer from complex construction, high costs, and inconsistent results. Existing capillary seepage materials, in particular, still have room for improvement in terms of water absorption and storage capacity.

[0004] Bamboo resources, primarily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions, are a vital component of forest resources, characterized by regeneration and sustainable utilization. Bamboo boasts rapid growth, strong reproductive capacity, high yield, easy regeneration, and wide adaptability. Once successfully planted, bamboo forests can produce bamboo shoots year after year, providing long-term benefits and thus possessing extensive comprehensive utilization value. my country's bamboo forest area covers 7.5627 million hectares, accounting for 3.31% of the total forest area. Distributed across 20 provinces, bamboo resources are abundant. The development, protection, and processing and utilization of bamboo resources are becoming increasingly important. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a capillary seepage material for collecting water in rock slope fissures and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the shortcomings of the existing technology of collecting and removing water in rock slope fissures, such as poor seepage effect, complex raw materials, long process flow, and the need for regular replacement or maintenance.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The invention provides a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes. The capillary seepage material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 41-81 parts of vermiculite, 37-85 parts of horticultural perlite, 11-22 parts of bamboo fiber, 10-28 parts of coconut fiber, and 47-95 parts of bamboo shoot shells.

[0008] Furthermore, the particle size of the vermiculite is 0.5 to 2 mm, and the particle size of the horticultural perlite is 1 to 3 mm.

[0009] Furthermore, the bamboo fiber is spindle-shaped, with a length of ≥100 mm and a diameter of <3 mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the coconut fiber is spindle-shaped, with a length of ≥110 mm and a diameter of <4 mm.

[0011] The present invention provides a method for preparing a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Step 1): Weave bamboo fiber and coconut fiber into a grid by interlacing;

[0013] Step 2): washing and drying the vermiculite and horticultural perlite in sequence, and then mixing and pressing them into balls;

[0014] Step 3): Place the spheres prepared in step 2) into the mesh prepared in step 1) and wrap them tightly, then wrap them with bamboo shoot shells, place them in a mold and press them to obtain a capillary seepage material.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 2), the pressing pressure is 0.5-2 MPa, and the pressing time is 20-30 s;

[0016] The diameter of the sphere is 6 to 10 mm.

[0017] Furthermore, in step 2), the washing is performed 2 to 5 times, and the washing time is 3 to 7 minutes per time;

[0018] The drying process is performed at a temperature of 55 to 65° C. and for a time of 18 to 24 hours.

[0019] Furthermore, in step 3), the pressing pressure is 0.2-0.8 MPa, and the pressing time is 20-30 s.

[0020] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0021] 1. Multi-structure water absorption, water retention and water transfer capabilities

[0022] First, the cross-section of bamboo fiber is riddled with oval pores of varying sizes. The exposed bamboo fibers can instantly absorb large amounts of water from the fissures of the rock slope, which then seeps into the interior structure through capillary action. Then, the horticultural perlite and vermiculite, with their varying particle sizes, are combined to create a porous structure that retains moisture while allowing it to move freely. This allows for the material to fully absorb and retain surrounding water, while also allowing for the slow release of water during dry weather. The outer bamboo shoot shell collects water seeping from above and channels it into a water storage device, fulfilling the material's multiple functions of water absorption, retention, and transport.

[0023] 2. Better water seepage effect

[0024] The material is internally distributed with a capillary water permeation network structure composed of bamboo fibers and coconut fibers interwoven together. This structure not only enhances the physical properties of the material, but also releases and absorbs moisture, and has good water permeability.

[0025] 3. Light weight

[0026] The invention uses bamboo fiber, coconut fiber, vermiculite, horticultural perlite and bamboo shoot shell as raw materials. These materials are small in size and light in weight and can be used in rocky slopes at high altitudes.

[0027] 4. Simple process

[0028] The materials used in the present invention are simply cleaned, exposed to the sun, wrapped and pressed, and the process flow is simple and easy to operate, thereby reducing production costs.

[0029] 5. Natural and environmentally friendly

[0030] The invention adopts bamboo fiber, coconut fiber natural materials, discarded coconut peels and bamboo shoot shells as raw materials, which are cheap and easy to obtain, naturally pollution-free to the environment, effectively utilize natural resources, protect the ecological environment, and have certain economic benefits.

[0031] 6. Low maintenance cost

[0032] Because the material is durable and has a certain degree of self-regulation, the need for subsequent maintenance can be greatly reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the capillary permeation material of Example 1;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a planar expansion diagram of the capillary seepage material of Example 1;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the capillary seepage material of Example 1.

[0036] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are: 1. bamboo fiber; 2. coconut fiber; 3. bamboo shoot shell; 4. horticultural perlite; 5. vermiculite; 6. branch pipe; 7. main pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The invention provides a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes. The capillary seepage material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 41-81 parts of vermiculite, 37-85 parts of horticultural perlite, 11-22 parts of bamboo fiber, 10-28 parts of coconut fiber, and 47-95 parts of bamboo shoot shells.

[0038] In the present invention, based on parts by mass, the vermiculite is preferably 50 to 70 parts, more preferably 60 parts; the horticultural perlite is preferably 45 to 65 parts, more preferably 55 parts; the bamboo fiber is preferably 15 to 20 parts, more preferably 18 parts; the coconut fiber is preferably 15 to 25 parts, more preferably 20 parts; the bamboo shoot shell is preferably 50 to 90 parts, more preferably 60 to 80 parts, more preferably 70 parts.

[0039] In the present invention, the particle size of the vermiculite is 0.5 to 2 mm, preferably 1 to 1.5 mm; the particle size of the horticultural perlite is 1 to 3 mm, preferably 1.5 to 2 mm.

[0040] In the present invention, the vermiculite is composed of hydrated silicate minerals and plays an important role in collecting water on rock slopes. It has excellent water retention capacity and can effectively absorb and store surrounding moisture, thereby storing moisture in the cracks of rock slopes. The porous structure of vermiculite promotes air circulation, can effectively seep away excess moisture, and helps prevent excessive accumulation of moisture. In addition, vermiculite has a high CEC, which enables it to retain and slowly release nutrients essential to agricultural plants. Finally, on the slope, vermiculite can slow down the flow of water, help water penetrate into other layers, and reduce surface runoff and erosion. Vermiculite plays a key supporting and optimizing role in the water collection system of rock slopes.

[0041] In the present invention, the horticultural perlite, as a lightweight and porous material, effectively promotes water penetration and helps it disperse rapidly to the surrounding area, thereby improving water utilization efficiency. Furthermore, the structure of the horticultural perlite slows water flow, allowing more time for water to be absorbed during the infiltration process, thereby reducing the risk of surface runoff.

[0042] In the present invention, the bamboo fiber is spindle-shaped, with a length of ≥100 mm, preferably ≥105 mm, more preferably ≥110 mm, and a diameter of <3 mm, preferably <2 mm.

[0043] In the present invention, the coconut fiber is spindle-shaped, has a length of ≥110 mm, preferably ≥115 mm, more preferably ≥120 mm, and a diameter of <4 mm, preferably <3 mm.

[0044] In the present invention, the bamboo fiber, due to its excellent water absorption and air permeability, can effectively absorb and guide fissure water through capillary action. This property allows water to quickly penetrate the interior of the material, thereby improving water collection efficiency. Coconut fiber is known for its corrosion resistance and toughness, and its structure can provide additional physical performance support, enhancing the stability of the entire material.

[0045] In the present invention, the bamboo shoot shells are obtained by stacking fresh bamboo shoot shells on a horizontal surface, pressing and shaping them, exposing them to the sun, and cutting them. The purpose of exposing them to the sun is to reduce the moisture, protein and sugar in the bamboo shoot shells and the fine hairs on the surface, thereby improving durability.

[0046] In the present invention, the exposure time is preferably 18 to 21 days.

[0047] The present invention provides a method for preparing a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes, comprising the following steps:

[0048] Step 1): Weave bamboo fiber and coconut fiber into a grid by interlacing;

[0049] Step 2): washing and drying the vermiculite and horticultural perlite in sequence, and then mixing and pressing them into balls;

[0050] Step 3): Place the spheres prepared in step 2) into the mesh prepared in step 1) and wrap them tightly, then wrap them with bamboo shoot shells, place them in a mold and press them to obtain a capillary seepage material.

[0051] In the present invention, the dense network formed by the interlaced connection of the coconut fiber and the bamboo fiber not only improves the strength of the material, but also ensures good air permeability, which helps to maintain the penetration of water.

[0052] In this invention, the bamboo shoot shell primarily serves to conduct and collect water, catching and channeling water seeping from the surrounding area into the internal water storage structure. This function, combined with the bamboo fiber and coconut fiber within, enhances the overall material's physical properties, making it more efficient in collecting water from fissures on rocky slopes.

[0053] In the present invention, in step 2), the pressing pressure is 0.5-2 MPa, preferably 1-1.5 MPa, more preferably 1.3 MPa, and the pressing time is 20-30 s, preferably 25 s;

[0054] The diameter of the sphere is 6-10 mm, preferably 8 mm.

[0055] In the present invention, the spheres are formed by mixing and pressing vermiculite and horticultural perlite of different particle sizes, and the original structures of the vermiculite and horticultural perlite are retained as much as possible.

[0056] In the present invention, in step 2), the number of washing is 2 to 5 times, preferably 3 times, and the washing time is 3 to 7 minutes per time, preferably 5 minutes per time;

[0057] The drying process is performed at a temperature of 55 to 65° C., preferably 58 to 62° C., more preferably 60° C., and for a time of 18 to 24 hours, preferably 20 to 23 hours, more preferably 22 hours.

[0058] In the present invention, the bamboo shoot shells are trimmed so that the bamboo fibers and coconut fibers in the capillary seepage material are partially exposed, thereby increasing the contact area between the bamboo shoot shells and rainwater and better collecting water when the bamboo shoot shells are placed at an angle.

[0059] In the present invention, in step 3), the pressing pressure is 0.2-0.8 MPa, preferably 0.5 MPa, and the pressing time is 20-30 s, preferably 25 s.

[0060] In the present invention, Figure 3 As shown, the material is composed of a mixed sphere of bamboo fiber 1 and coconut fiber 2 interlaced and wrapped with vermiculite 5 and horticultural perlite 4, and the outside is wrapped with bamboo shoot shells 3 with water collection and water conduction functions. Utilizing the excellent hygroscopicity of natural bamboo fiber 1, it can easily absorb moisture from the cracks in the rock slope. Then, by adding coconut fiber 2, the strip-shaped fibers are tightly combined through interlaced weaving to form a layer of mesh structure. This structure can effectively enhance the physical strength of the material while ensuring high permeability. The internal vermiculite 5 and horticultural perlite 4 are mixed to form a good moisture storage and permeation layer, absorbing and storing surrounding moisture. The external bamboo shoot shells 3 are then used to collect moisture. The capillary seepage material of the present invention can be inserted into the branch pipe 6 of the main pipe 7 to collect moisture.

[0061] In the present invention, the capillary seepage material is directly inserted into the inclined pipe for use, and the diameter can be adjusted according to different pipes.

[0062] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] Separate bamboo fiber and coconut fiber into filaments and straighten them, select bamboo fiber with a length of ≥100 mm and a diameter of <1 mm and coconut fiber with a length of ≥110 mm and a diameter of <1 mm, take 15 parts of each, weave them interlaced and stack them into a rectangular grid with a base length of 65 mm, a height of 130 mm, and a thickness of 6 mm;

[0065] Take 50 parts each of vermiculite with a particle size of 0.5 mm and horticultural perlite with a particle size of 1 mm, mix them, and wash them in a 40 Hz ultrasonic cleaner, changing the water every 4 minutes for a total of 3 washes. Then, spread the vermiculite and horticultural perlite flat and dry them at 55°C with an electric blower for 24 hours. Then, place the treated vermiculite and horticultural perlite mixture into a spherical mold with a diameter of 8 mm and press them at a pressure of 1 MPa for 30 seconds to form a sphere.

[0066] Fold the bamboo shoot shell in half and cut it into a rectangle with a base length of 35mm and a height of 90mm. Then cut off an isosceles triangle with a side length of 35mm at the top.

[0067] The ball was placed flat on the grid from bottom to top and wrapped tightly, then wrapped with bamboo shoot shells, placed in a cylindrical mold and pressed at a pressure of 0.5 MPa for 30 seconds to obtain a cylinder with a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 90 mm, thus obtaining the capillary seepage material.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] The bamboo fiber and coconut fiber were split into filaments and straightened, and 20 parts of bamboo fiber with a length of 105 mm or more and a diameter of less than 1 mm and 10 parts of coconut fiber with a length of 115 mm or more and a diameter of less than 1 mm were selected and woven and stacked into a rectangular grid with a bottom length of 65 mm, a height of 130 mm, and a thickness of 6 mm;

[0070] 42 parts of 0.5 mm vermiculite and 84 parts of 1 mm horticultural perlite were mixed and cleaned in a 40 Hz ultrasonic cleaner, with the water replaced every 5 minutes for a total of two washes. The vermiculite and horticultural perlite were then spread flat and dried at 65°C for 18 hours using an electric blower. The treated vermiculite and horticultural perlite were then placed in a spherical mold with a diameter of 8 mm and pressed at a pressure of 1.5 MPa for 20 seconds to form a sphere.

[0071] Fold the bamboo shoot shell in half and cut it into a rectangle with a base length of 35mm and a height of 90mm. Then cut off an isosceles triangle with a side length of 35mm at the top.

[0072] The ball was placed flat on the grid from bottom to top and wrapped tightly, then wrapped with bamboo shoot shells, placed in a cylindrical mold and pressed at a pressure of 0.8 MPa for 20 seconds to obtain a cylinder with a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 90 mm, thus obtaining the capillary seepage material.

[0073] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the present invention provides a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes and a preparation method thereof. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the capillary seepage material of Example 1, Figure 2 is a planar expansion diagram of the capillary seepage material of Example 1, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the capillary seepage material installation of Example 1. As can be seen from the figure, the material can be broken down into a three-layer structure: a sphere formed by pressing a mixture of vermiculite and horticultural perlite into a ball, a mesh of interwoven bamboo fiber and coconut fiber in the center, and a bamboo shoot shell on the outside that collects and conducts water. The interwoven and tightly combined layers of bamboo fiber and coconut fiber form a network structure that effectively enhances the material's physical strength while ensuring high permeability. Leveraging the excellent hygroscopicity of natural bamboo fiber, the exposed bamboo fiber and coconut fiber on the top can easily absorb moisture from the fissures in the rock slope, which then seeps into the interior through the fiber's capillary structure. The combination of vermiculite and horticultural perlite forms an excellent moisture storage and permeability layer, absorbing and storing surrounding moisture. Because the horticultural perlite and vermiculite have different porous structures, the two materials with different pore structures are wrapped together, allowing moisture to be relatively retained while also allowing for free movement. This allows for the material to fully absorb the fissure water in the rock slope and maintain long-term water retention. The outer shell of the bamboo shoot collects the seeping water and conducts it to a water storage device. When the water storage device is filled with water during dry weather, the material slowly releases the water under the osmotic pressure of the water. This invention features a simple process, low production cost, environmental friendliness, and low maintenance costs, and has promising industrial prospects. It overcomes the shortcomings of existing materials, such as poor water permeability, complex raw materials, lengthy process flows, and the need for regular replacement or maintenance.

[0074] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 41 to 81 parts of vermiculite, 37 to 85 parts of horticultural perlite, 11 to 22 parts of bamboo fiber, 10 to 28 parts of coconut fiber, and 47 to 95 parts of bamboo shoot shells; The capillary seepage material is a cylinder; The capillary seepage material has a three-layer structure, with the inner layer being a sphere made by pressing a mixture of vermiculite and horticultural perlite, the middle layer being a mesh made by interlacing bamboo fibers and coconut fibers, and the outer layer being a bamboo shoot shell with a water collection and conduction function. The bamboo fiber and coconut fiber are exposed from the upper part of the capillary seepage material.

2. The capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the vermiculite is 0.5-2 mm, and the particle size of the horticultural perlite is 1-3 mm.

3. A capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The bamboo fiber is spindle-shaped, with a length of ≥100 mm and a diameter of <3 mm.

4. The capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The coconut fiber is spindle-shaped, has a length of ≥110 mm, and a diameter of <4 mm.

5. The method for preparing the capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1): Weave bamboo fiber and coconut fiber into a grid; Step 2): Wash and dry the vermiculite and horticultural perlite in sequence, then mix and press them into balls; Step 3): Place the ball prepared in step 2) into the grid prepared in step 1) and wrap it tightly, then wrap it with bamboo shoot shells, place it in a mold and press it to obtain the capillary seepage material.

6. The method for preparing a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 2), the pressing pressure is 0.5-2 MPa, and the pressing time is 20-30 s; The diameter of the sphere is 6-10 mm.

7. The method for preparing a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 2), the washing is performed 2 to 5 times, and the washing time is 3 to 7 minutes per time; The drying temperature is 55-65° C. and the drying time is 18-24 hours.

8. The method for preparing a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: In step 3), the pressing pressure is 0.2-0.8 MPa, and the pressing time is 20-30 s.

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