Soil body settlement reinforcement method in reverse excavation construction of deep well in non-full hard rock stratum

Abstract

The application discloses a soil body settlement monitoring and reinforcing device and method during deep well reverse excavation construction. The soil body settlement monitoring and reinforcing device during deep well reverse excavation construction comprises a plurality of settlement monitoring instruments, a first industrial computer, a second industrial computer, an electrically-controlled mobile vehicle and an electrically-controlled mechanical drilling arm, the mechanical drilling arm is installed on the mobile vehicle, the settlement monitoring instruments are electrically connected with the first industrial computer, the second industrial computer is installed on the mobile vehicle, the motor on the mobile vehicle and the mechanical drilling arm are electrically connected with the second industrial computer, a storage battery is stored on the mobile vehicle, the storage battery is electrically connected with the second industrial computer, and wireless communication modules are arranged on the first industrial computer and the second industrial computer.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application with the application date of July 8, 2022, application number "2022108061510", and the invention name is "Soil settlement monitoring and reinforcement device and reinforcement method during deep well reverse tunneling construction". Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to the field of tunnel excavation, and in particular to a soil settlement monitoring and reinforcement device and a reinforcement method during deep well reverse tunneling construction. Background Art

[0003] Patent publication CN113982591B discloses a method for reverse excavation of a large-diameter deep vertical shaft. The construction method disclosed in this document is more suitable for all-hard rock terrain, because the all-hard rock terrain is a complete piece of rock. Although this will cause greater wear on the excavation rotor during excavation, the excavated shaft will not be at risk of collapse.

[0004] However, when most tunnels are excavated in deep shafts, the upper strata are not entirely hard rock strata. Therefore, if there is a stratum with a high sand and gravel content above the tunnel (i.e., the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer recorded in paragraph 0015 of the specification, and the sand and gravel content is greater than the soil content, such as the sand and gravel content is as high as 70% or more), the shaft and tunnel may collapse during the excavation process. This is because the stratum with a high sand and gravel content has weak internal adhesion, and it is constantly hitting the ground during the excavation of the deep shaft. Therefore, shaft collapse is very likely to occur during the excavation process. This process can be seen in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown in the Figure 1 The direction indicated by the middle arrow is the flow direction of sand and gravel. Once the sand and gravel in the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer flows into the shaft, landslides are likely to occur, causing the entire shaft to be blocked. When the sand and gravel in the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer begins to flow continuously into the shaft, a very obvious phenomenon is continuous ground subsidence above the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a soil settlement monitoring and reinforcement device during deep well reverse tunneling construction.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A soil settlement monitoring and reinforcement device during deep well reverse tunneling construction includes several settlement monitors, a first industrial computer, a second industrial computer, an electrically controlled mobile vehicle, and an electrically controlled mechanical drill arm. The mechanical drill arm is installed on the mobile vehicle, the settlement monitor is electrically connected to the first industrial computer, the second industrial computer is installed on the mobile vehicle, the motor on the mobile vehicle and the mechanical drill arm are both electrically connected to the second industrial computer, the mobile vehicle stores a battery, the battery is electrically connected to the second industrial computer, and the first and second industrial computers are both provided with wireless communication modules.

[0008] Specifically, the motor installed on the device itself for driving its own movement, as well as the motors on the mechanical drill arm (including electric devices such as electric cylinders and electric telescopic rods when there are such devices) are electrically connected to the second industrial computer, and wireless communication can be carried out between the first industrial computer and the second industrial computer.

[0009] In this device, there are many options for settlement monitoring instruments, as long as they can monitor soil settlement. As a preferred method, a static level is used in this device to measure the settlement of the soil, and then the measured settlement data is transmitted to the first industrial computer.

[0010] In this device, the second industrial computer, the mobile vehicle, the battery and the mechanical drill arm form a movable electric mobile drilling robot. The second industrial computer is the control center of the entire electric mobile drilling robot. Since the first industrial computer and the second industrial computer both have built-in wireless communication modules, wireless communication can be carried out between the first industrial computer and the second industrial computer. Therefore, the second industrial computer, the mobile vehicle and the battery form a remote-controlled electric mobile robot, which can be operated through communication between the first industrial computer and the second industrial computer.

[0011] The specific method of this device is as follows: first, a settlement monitor is placed above the tunnel, and the settlement monitors are distributed around the shaft. There are multiple settlement monitors. The settlement monitor transmits the measured data to the first industrial computer. The first industrial computer analyzes and calculates the data through a built-in computer program to determine whether settlement has occurred at a certain point. When the settlement monitor measures that settlement has occurred at a certain point, it is necessary to use this electric mobile drilling robot to perform drilling operations near the settlement point. After the drilling is completed, ice cubes at -50℃ to -18℃ are stuffed into the hole, and then low-temperature water at 0℃ to 4℃ is poured near the surface. The soil around the settlement point is completely frozen together by the effect of water + ice, so that the soil at this location loses fluidity, thereby avoiding the collapse and blockage of the shaft.

[0012] In summary, the device can monitor the soil settlement during the operation of the reverse tunneling device shown in CN113982591B. When the soil settlement occurs, the device can timely reinforce the soil at the collapse site to avoid soil collapse and further settlement.

[0013] It should be noted that when the settlement monitor detects settlement at a certain location, the reverse tunneling device needs to immediately stop reverse tunneling operation, and the electric mobile drilling robot is used for drilling operation. After the freezing reinforcement is completed, further reverse tunneling operation can be performed.

[0014] Optionally, the mechanical drilling arm includes a mechanical arm and a drill bit, the mechanical arm is installed on the mobile vehicle, and the drill bit is installed on the mechanical arm.

[0015] The drill bit is detachably installed on the mechanical arm, so that different specifications and strengths of drill bits can be replaced under different terrains, thereby better adapting to excavation work.

[0016] Optionally, the drill bit is provided with a crushing part at one end, the crushing part is in a hemispherical shape, and the crushing part is provided with a notch groove.

[0017] The crushing part is arranged at one end of the drill bit, which is designed to ensure that the drill bit has a certain crushing capacity for hard rock and can drill in hard rock strata.

[0018] A reinforcing method suitable for the monitoring and reinforcing device described above, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0019] The settlement point confirmation step uses the settlement monitor to detect the point where the settlement occurs;

[0020] The soil moistening step pours water near the settlement point;

[0021] Pouring water near the settlement point has the effect of increasing the adhesion of sand and soil in the stratum, so that the mechanical drilling arm can excavate a shaped hole when drilling, because if the sand and soil in the stratum are too dry, they are prone to collapse when excavated, and cannot excavate a shaped hole. Second, water is used to lubricate the mechanical drilling arm;

[0022] The drilling step uses the mechanical drilling arm to excavate ice injection holes on the ground surface, and the ice injection holes are multiple, distributed around the settlement point, and ensure that there is no water accumulation in the ice injection holes;

[0023] Water can accumulate at the bottom of the ice injection hole, but water droplets may form on the wall. The reason for not having water at the bottom of the ice injection hole is to ensure that ice cubes do not freeze the water below when they are placed into the ice injection hole, resulting in insufficient low-temperature ice cubes being inserted into the ice injection hole, causing the cold source temperature at the bottom of the hole to be insufficient, and thus failing to ensure the freezing strength of the frozen layer near the bottom of the ice injection hole.

[0024] The freezing step is to put ice cubes into the ice injection hole. The temperature of the ice cubes is lower than -18°C, and ensure that the ice injection hole is full of ice cubes. Then pour water near the surface, and the water temperature is 0°C to 4°C. The water and ice work together to freeze the soil around the settlement point.

[0025] Use ice cubes with a temperature below minus 18°C, and after placing the ice cubes, immediately pour water with a temperature of 0°C to 4°C onto the ground. The water will gradually freeze as it seeps downward from top to bottom, forming a frozen zone in the sand, gravel and soil mixture layer, and even freezing the entire sand, gravel and soil mixture layer. The existence of the frozen zone can effectively prevent sand and soil from surging into the shaft during reverse excavation construction, thereby causing landslides.

[0026] Optionally, when there is only one settlement point, the depth of all ice injection holes is no greater than the thickness of the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer.

[0027] When there is only one settlement point, it means that there is only one place where the ground stability is not good enough. It is only necessary to freeze the soil at this point to ensure that the soil will not collapse.

[0028] Optionally, when there are more than two settlement points and the two settlement points are not adjacent, the depth of some ice injection holes is greater than the thickness of the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer, the ice injection holes are distributed in a circular ring around the drill rod, and there are no less than two circles of ice injection holes distributed in a circular arc shape, and all settlement points are located between the two circles of ice injection holes.

[0029] When multiple settlement points appear, and two (or more) settlement points are not adjacent, it represents that the structure of the entire sand and soil mixture layer is a very unstable structure, and the entire area needs to be reinforced by reverse desperate construction. If the entire area is not reinforced, the entire shaft may be blocked by collapsed sand and stone, causing damage. Therefore, multiple ice injection holes are needed, which are distributed in a circular ring around the drill rod, and at least two circular rings of ice injection holes are ensured in the entire soil body. All settlement points are located between the two circular rings of ice injection holes. After watering, a frozen cylinder is formed around the drill rod, which can effectively prevent soil and sand from collapsing. At the same time, since the depth of some ice injection holes is greater than the thickness of the sand and soil mixture layer, some ice blocks are embedded in the hard rock stratum, so that the final frozen cylinder is frozen together with the hard rock stratum, and the displacement resistance of the entire frozen cylinder is greatly improved, and basically no displacement occurs during the entire support process.

[0030] Optionally, the depth of the ice injection hole is not greater than the sum of the thickness of the hard rock stratum and the thickness of the sand and soil mixture layer, and the ice injection hole is a cylindrical ice injection hole.

[0031] Optionally, all ice injection holes are parallel to the drill rod.

[0032] The ice injection hole is parallel to the drill rod, and the ice injection hole is a cylindrical ice injection hole, so that the structure of the ice injection hole can ensure good stability and facilitate excavation construction.

[0033] Optionally, the ice block is a block-shaped ice block or a cylindrical ice block, and the temperature of the ice block at the bottom of the ice injection hole is lower than the temperature of the ice block at the opening of the ice injection hole.

[0034] The temperature of the ice block at the bottom of the ice injection hole is lower than the temperature of the ice block at the opening of the ice injection hole. The ice block acts as a cold source. In this method, the temperature of the cold source deeper in the ground is lower. When water flows from top to bottom, the freezing block formed after the water flows from top to bottom has a higher freezing strength in the area below the freezing block. Because the freezing block in the lower area needs to bear a greater weight, the freezing strength in the lower area is higher, which can ensure that the entire freezing block has high strength and is not easy to break. Similarly, because the ecological diversity of soil mainly depends on plants, animals, and microorganisms near the ground surface, the freezing temperature near the ground surface is relatively low, which can reduce the damage to microorganisms and animals to some extent, and facilitate the rapid recovery of ecological diversity after the completion of the freezing construction.

[0035] Optionally, when the soil around the settlement point is frozen, a layer of thermal insulation material is laid on the ground surface.

[0036] The specific heat-insulating material can be a polyurethane mat with an aluminum film coated on the surface. This polyurethane mat with an aluminum film coated on the surface has a good heat-insulating effect, thereby achieving a heat-insulating effect on the frozen area below, ensuring that the entire frozen area can maintain freezing for a longer time.

[0037] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that it can monitor the settlement of soil during the operation of the reverse tunneling device. When the soil settles, the device can promptly reinforce the soil at the collapsed location. After the reinforcement is completed, the soil collapse can be avoided and further settlement of the soil can be avoided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of landslide.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the communication relationship between the settlement monitor, the first industrial computer and the second industrial computer.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of an electric mobile drilling robot.

[0041] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 The enlarged schematic diagram of point A in the middle is shown in the figure.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the position relationship between the settlement monitor and the drill pipe.

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the location of the ice injection hole in Example 2.

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the locations of the ice injection holes in Example 3.

[0045] The reference numerals in the figure are: 1, settlement monitor; 2, first industrial computer; 3, second industrial computer; 4, mobile vehicle; 5, robotic arm; 6, drill bit; 601, crushing part; 602, notch groove DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] See attached Figure 2 , Attachment Figure 3 And attached Figure 4As shown, a soil settlement monitoring and reinforcement device during deep well reverse tunneling construction includes several settlement monitors 1, a first industrial computer 2, a second industrial computer 3, an electrically controlled mobile vehicle 4 and an electrically controlled mechanical drill arm. The mechanical drill arm is installed on the mobile vehicle 4, the settlement monitor 1 is electrically connected to the first industrial computer, the second industrial computer is installed on the mobile vehicle 4, the motor on the mobile vehicle 4 and the mechanical drill arm are electrically connected to the second industrial computer 3, the mobile vehicle 4 stores a battery, the battery (not shown in the drawings, integrated with the second industrial computer) is electrically connected to the second industrial computer 3, and the first industrial computer 2 and the second industrial computer 3 are both provided with wireless communication modules.

[0049] Specifically, the motor installed on the device itself for driving its own movement, as well as the motors on the mechanical drill arm (including electric equipment such as electric cylinders and electric telescopic rods when there are such equipment) are all electrically connected to the second industrial computer 3, and wireless communication can be carried out between the first industrial computer 2 (powered by an external power supply or its own battery) and the second industrial computer 3.

[0050] In this device, there are multiple options for the settlement monitor 1, as long as it can monitor the settlement of the soil. As a preferred method, a static level is used in this device to measure the settlement of the soil, and then the measured settlement data is transmitted to the first industrial computer 2.

[0051] In this device, the second industrial computer 3, the mobile vehicle 4, the battery and the mechanical drill arm form a movable electric mobile drilling robot. The second industrial computer 3 is the control center of the entire electric mobile drilling robot. Since the first industrial computer 2 and the second industrial computer 3 both have their own wireless communication modules, wireless communication can be carried out between the first industrial computer 2 and the second industrial computer 3. Therefore, the second industrial computer 3, the mobile vehicle 4 and the battery form a remote-controlled electric mobile robot, which can be operated through communication between the first industrial computer 2 and the second industrial computer 3.

[0052] The specific method of this device is as follows: first, a settlement monitor 1 is placed above the tunnel, and the settlement monitors 1 are distributed around the shaft. There are multiple settlement monitors 1. The settlement monitor 1 transmits the measured data to the first industrial computer 2. The first industrial computer 2 analyzes and calculates the data through the built-in computer program to determine whether settlement has occurred at a certain point. When the settlement monitor 1 measures that settlement has occurred at a certain point, it is necessary to use this electric mobile drilling robot to perform drilling operations near the settlement point. After the drilling is completed, ice cubes at -50℃ to -18℃ are stuffed into the hole, and then low-temperature water at 0℃ to 4℃ is poured near the surface. The soil around the settlement point is completely frozen together by the effect of water + ice, so that the soil at this location loses fluidity, thereby avoiding the collapse and blockage of the shaft.

[0053] In summary, this device can monitor the soil settlement during the operation of the reverse tunneling device shown in CN113982591B. When the soil settles, the device can promptly reinforce the soil at the collapsed location. After the reinforcement is completed, the soil collapse can be avoided and further settlement of the soil can be prevented.

[0054] It should be noted that when the settlement monitor 1 detects settlement at a certain location, the reverse tunneling device needs to immediately stop the reverse tunneling operation, and the electric mobile drilling robot will perform the drilling operation. Only after the freezing reinforcement is completed can the reverse tunneling operation be further carried out.

[0055] The mechanical drill arm includes a mechanical arm 5 and a drill bit 6 . The mechanical arm 5 is mounted on the mobile vehicle 4 , and the drill bit 6 is mounted on the mechanical arm 5 .

[0056] Specifically, the drill bit 6 is detachably mounted on the mechanical arm 5 , so that drill bits 6 of different specifications and strengths can be replaced under different terrains, which can better adapt to excavation work.

[0057] A crushing portion 601 is provided at one end of the drill bit 6 . The crushing portion 601 is hemispherical and has a notch groove 602 .

[0058] A crushing portion 601 is provided at one end of the drill bit 6. This design is to ensure that the drill bit 6 has a certain crushing ability for some hard rocks, and to ensure that the drill bit 6 can excavate in hard rock formations.

[0059] It should be noted that when the device provided in this embodiment measures soil settlement, the arrangement of each settlement monitor 1 is as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 5 As shown, multiple settlement monitors 1 are distributed in a circle around the drill pipe, and the settlement monitors form at least two concentric circles, and the diameter of the communication circle is larger than the diameter of the drill bit (that is, it must be ensured that the drill bit is located within the communication circle surrounded by the settlement monitors).

[0060] Example 2

[0061] This embodiment provides a reinforcement method. When the settlement monitor in the device provided in embodiment 1 (the distribution of the settlement monitor is as shown in the attached figure) Figure 5 When settlement is detected at one and only one point (as shown), the method provided in this embodiment can be used for reinforcement.

[0062] S1, settlement point confirmation step, using a settlement monitor to detect the settlement point;

[0063] S2, soil humidification step, pouring water on the soil near the settlement point, at which time the water temperature is 10℃~15℃;

[0064] Pouring water near the settlement point is used to increase the adhesion of sand and soil in the stratum so that the mechanical drill arm can dig a formed hole when drilling. If the sand and soil in the stratum are too dry, it is very easy to collapse during excavation and it is impossible to dig a formed hole. Secondly, it is used to use water to lubricate the mechanical drill arm.

[0065] S3, a drilling step, wherein the electric mobile drilling robot provided in Example 1 is remotely controlled by the first industrial computer to excavate an ice injection hole on the ground surface. There is only one ice injection hole (the specific number of ice injection holes can be adjusted based on the settlement level observed by on-site construction personnel. If the settlement is small, only one ice injection hole is required; if the settlement is large, more ice injection holes can be appropriately added). The ice injection holes are distributed around the settlement points, but are not located above the wellbore. The accumulated water in the ice injection holes is then pumped out.

[0066] Water can accumulate at the bottom of the ice injection hole, but water droplets may form on the wall. The reason for not having water at the bottom of the ice injection hole is to ensure that ice cubes do not freeze the water below when they are placed into the ice injection hole, resulting in insufficient low-temperature ice cubes being inserted into the ice injection hole, causing the cold source temperature at the bottom of the hole to be insufficient, and thus failing to ensure the freezing strength of the frozen layer near the bottom of the ice injection hole.

[0067] S5, freezing step, putting ice cubes into the ice injection hole, first pouring in ice cubes with a temperature below minus 30 degrees Celsius, then pouring in ice cubes with a temperature of -30 degrees Celsius to -25 degrees Celsius, and finally pouring in ice cubes with a temperature of -25 degrees Celsius to 18 degrees Celsius, and ensuring that the ice injection hole is full of ice cubes, and then pouring water near the surface. The water seeps downward and around through the gaps in the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer, and the water temperature is 0 degrees Celsius to 4 degrees Celsius. Under the combined action of water and ice, a frozen column is formed around the ice injection hole. The formation of the frozen column can prevent the flow of sand, gravel or soil in this area, thereby improving the stability of this area and avoiding the occurrence of landslides.

[0068] In this embodiment, ice cubes with a temperature below -18°C are used, and after the ice cubes are placed, water with a temperature of 0°C to 4°C is immediately poured onto the ground. The water will gradually freeze during the downward seepage from top to bottom, thus forming a frozen zone in the sand, gravel and soil mixture layer, and even freezing the entire sand, gravel and soil mixture layer (when the temperature of the ice cubes is low enough, such as below -70°C). The existence of the frozen zone can effectively prevent sand and soil from surging into the shaft during the reverse excavation construction process, thereby causing landslides.

[0069] Because when there is only one settlement point, it means that there is only one place where the ground stability is not good enough. It is only necessary to freeze the soil at that point to ensure that the soil will not collapse.

[0070] In this embodiment, the depth of the ice injection holes is not greater than the thickness of the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer, and the ice injection holes are all parallel to the drill rod.

[0071] In this embodiment, the temperature of the ice at the bottom of the ice injection hole is lower than that at the mouth of the ice injection hole. The ice acts as a cold source. In this method, the temperature of the cold source decreases the deeper it is into the ground. As a result, the freezing strength of the area below the frozen column formed by water flowing downward increases. This is because the frozen block has to bear greater weight, so the freezing strength increases. This ensures that the entire frozen block has greater strength and is less prone to breaking. Similarly, because the ecological diversity of the soil is primarily maintained by the flora, fauna, and microorganisms near the surface, the relatively low freezing temperature at the surface can reduce damage to microorganisms, flora, and animals to a certain extent, facilitating the rapid recovery of ecological diversity after the freezing operation is completed.

[0072] After the soil around the settlement point is frozen, a layer of insulation material is laid above the surface.

[0073] The specific heat-insulating material can be a polyurethane mat with an aluminum film coated on the surface. This polyurethane mat with an aluminum film coated on the surface has a good heat-insulating effect, thereby achieving a heat-insulating effect on the frozen area below, ensuring that the entire frozen area can maintain freezing for a longer time.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] This embodiment provides a reinforcement method. When the settlement monitor in the device provided in embodiment 1 (the distribution of the settlement monitor is as shown in the attached figure) Figure 5 When settlement is detected at no less than two points (as shown in FIG. 1 ) (the two settlement points may be adjacent or not), reinforcement may be performed using the method provided in this embodiment.

[0076] S1, settlement point confirmation step, using a settlement monitor to detect the settlement point;

[0077] S2, soil humidification step, pouring water into the soil near the settlement point;

[0078] Pouring water near the settlement point is used to increase the adhesion of sand and soil in the stratum so that the mechanical drill arm can dig a formed hole when drilling. If the sand and soil in the stratum are too dry, it is very easy to collapse during excavation and it is impossible to dig a formed hole. Secondly, it is used to use water to lubricate the mechanical drill arm.

[0079] S3, a drilling step, wherein a first industrial computer remotely controls the electric mobile drilling robot provided in Example 1 to excavate ice injection holes on the ground surface. The ice injection holes are provided in a plurality of rings, some of which have bottoms located within hard rock formations. The ice injection holes are arranged in a circular pattern around the drill rod, with two rings of ice injection holes arranged in a circular pattern. The settlement point is located between the two rings of ice injection holes, and the ice injection holes with bottoms located within hard rock formations are located on the outer ring. After the ice injection holes are excavated, the accumulated water in the ice injection holes is pumped out.

[0080] Water can accumulate at the bottom of the ice injection hole, but water droplets may form on the wall. The reason for not having water at the bottom of the ice injection hole is to ensure that ice cubes do not freeze the water below when they are placed into the ice injection hole, resulting in insufficient low-temperature ice cubes being inserted into the ice injection hole, causing the cold source temperature at the bottom of the hole to be insufficient, and thus failing to ensure the freezing strength of the frozen layer near the bottom of the ice injection hole.

[0081] S4, freezing step, putting ice cubes into the ice injection hole, first pouring ice cubes with a temperature below minus 30 degrees Celsius, and then pouring block ice cubes with a temperature of -30 degrees Celsius to -18 degrees Celsius, and ensuring that the ice injection hole is full of ice cubes, and then pouring water near the surface, and then pouring water near the surface, and the water temperature is 0 degrees Celsius to 4 degrees Celsius, the water and ice work together to freeze the soil around the settlement point.

[0082] Use ice cubes with a temperature below minus 18°C, and after placing the ice cubes, immediately pour water with a temperature of 0°C to 4°C onto the ground. The water will gradually freeze as it seeps downward from top to bottom, forming a frozen zone in the sand, gravel and soil mixture layer, and even freezing the entire sand, gravel and soil mixture layer. The existence of the frozen zone can effectively prevent sand and soil from surging into the shaft during reverse excavation construction, thereby causing landslides.

[0083] In this embodiment, if two (or more) non-adjacent settlement points occur, this indicates that the entire sand, gravel, and soil mixture layer is extremely unstable and requires reinforcement of the entire area undergoing reverse excavation. If this reinforcement is not performed, the entire shaft may become blocked and damaged by the collapsed gravel. Therefore, multiple ice injection holes are required. These ice injection holes are arranged in a circular pattern around the drill rod, ensuring that there are at least two circular rings of ice injection holes throughout the soil mass. All settlement points are located between these two circular rings of ice injection holes. This creates a frozen cylinder around the drill rod after watering, effectively retaining soil and sand and preventing collapse. Furthermore, because the depth of some of the ice injection holes is greater than the thickness of the sand, gravel, and soil mixture layer, some ice is embedded in the hard rock formation. This ultimately freezes the frozen cylinder together with the hard rock formation, significantly improving its anti-displacement capability and preventing movement during the entire support process.

[0084] In the reinforcement method provided in this embodiment, part of the sand and soil in the freezing cylinder becomes smoother due to the freezing effect of ice water. Therefore, when the drill bit excavates this part of the frozen soil, the ice cubes have a certain lubricating effect on the drill bit, which can reduce the wear of the drill bit during the grinding process.

[0085] All ice injection holes are parallel to the drill pipe.

[0086] The ice injection hole is parallel to the drill rod and is cylindrical. Such a structure of the ice injection hole can ensure good stability and facilitate excavation construction.

[0087] The temperature of ice at the bottom of the ice injection hole is lower than the temperature of ice at the hole mouth of the ice injection hole, and the temperature of ice gradually decreases from the bottom of the ice injection hole to the top.

[0088] The temperature of the ice at the bottom of the ice injection hole is lower than that of the ice at the mouth of the ice injection hole. The ice acts as a cold source. In this method, the temperature of the cold source decreases the deeper it is into the ground. As a result, when water flows downward, the frozen block formed has a higher freezing strength in the area below the frozen block. This is because the lower the frozen block is, the greater the weight it needs to bear. Therefore, the higher the freezing strength in the area below the frozen block, the stronger the entire frozen block is. Similarly, because the ecological diversity of the soil is mainly maintained by the plants, animals, and microorganisms near the ground surface, the relatively low freezing temperature at the ground surface can reduce damage to microorganisms, animals, and plants to a certain extent, facilitating the rapid recovery of ecological diversity after the freezing operation is completed.

[0089] After the soil around the settlement point is frozen, a layer of insulation material is laid above the surface.

[0090] The specific insulation material can be a polyurethane mat with an aluminum film on the surface. This polyurethane mat with an aluminum film on the surface has a good thermal insulation effect, thereby achieving an insulation effect on the frozen area below, ensuring that the entire frozen area has a longer freezing time, which is convenient for the next step of operation in the wellbore (such as using reinforced concrete pouring to reinforce the wellbore located in the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer).

[0091] Example 4

[0092] The reinforcement method provided in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 3. The difference is that, while block ice cubes are used in Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 3, cylindrical ice cubes are used in this embodiment. The temperature of the columnar ice cubes at the bottom of the hole is the lowest, and the temperature of the injected ice cubes at the hole mouth is the highest. The temperature range of the columnar ice cubes is -32°C to -18°C.

[0093] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention. Any equivalent transformation made by using the description of the present invention, directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, is also included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil settlement reinforcement method during reverse excavation of a deep well in a non-hard rock formation, characterized in that: The steps include: The settlement point confirmation step is to use the settlement monitoring instrument to detect the settlement point; Soil humidification step: pouring water into the soil near the settlement point; The drilling step involves using a mechanical drill arm to dig multiple ice injection holes on the ground surface. The ice injection holes are distributed around the settlement points and ensure that no water accumulates in the ice injection holes. The freezing step involves placing ice cubes in the ice injection hole. The ice cubes are kept at a temperature below -18°C and are ensured to be completely filled with ice cubes. Water is then poured near the ground surface at a temperature of 0°C to 4°C. The water and ice work together to freeze the soil around the settlement point. The soil settlement monitoring and reinforcement device during deep well reverse tunneling construction includes several settlement monitors, a first industrial computer, a second industrial computer, an electrically controlled mobile vehicle, and an electrically controlled mechanical drill arm. The mechanical drill arm is installed on the mobile vehicle. The settlement monitor is electrically connected to the first industrial computer. The second industrial computer is installed on the mobile vehicle. The motor and the mechanical drill arm on the mobile vehicle are both electrically connected to the second industrial computer. The mobile vehicle stores a battery, which is electrically connected to the second industrial computer. The first and second industrial computers are both provided with wireless communication modules. The mechanical drill arm includes a mechanical arm and a drill bit, the mechanical arm is installed on a mobile vehicle, and the drill bit is installed on the mechanical arm; One end of the drill bit is provided with a crushing part, the crushing part is hemispherical, and the crushing part is provided with a notch groove; The settlement monitor is a static level; the settlement monitor forms at least concentric circles.

2. The soil settlement reinforcement method during reverse tunneling construction of a deep well in a non-completely hard rock formation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When there is only one settlement point, the depth of all ice injection holes shall not be greater than the thickness of the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer.

3. The soil settlement reinforcement method during reverse tunneling construction of a deep well in a non-completely hard rock formation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When there are more than two settlement points and the two settlement points are not adjacent, the depth of some ice injection holes is greater than the thickness of the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer, the ice injection holes are distributed in a circular ring around the drill rod, and there are no less than two circles of ice injection holes distributed in a circular arc shape, and all settlement points are located between the two circles of ice injection holes.

4. The soil settlement reinforcement method during reverse tunneling construction of a deep well in a non-completely hard rock formation according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The depth of the ice injection hole is no greater than the sum of the thickness of the hard rock stratum and the thickness of the sand, gravel and soil mixed layer, and the ice injection hole is a cylindrical ice injection hole.

5. The soil settlement reinforcement method during reverse tunneling construction of a deep well in a non-completely hard rock formation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: All ice injection holes are parallel to the drill pipe.

6. The soil settlement reinforcement method during reverse tunneling construction of a deep well in a non-completely hard rock formation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ice cubes are cylindrical ice cubes, and the temperature of the ice cubes at the bottom of the ice injection hole is lower than the temperature of the ice cubes at the hole mouth of the ice injection hole. The temperature range of the ice cubes is -32°C to -18°C.

7. The soil settlement reinforcement method during reverse tunneling construction of a deep well in a non-completely hard rock formation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: After the soil around the settlement point is frozen, a layer of heat-insulating material is laid on the ground surface. The heat-insulating material is a polyurethane mat with an aluminum film on the surface.

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