Simulation analysis test device and verification method for circlip for high-speed shaft

Abstract

The invention discloses a simulation analysis test device and verification method for an elastic check ring for a high-speed shaft, and relates to the technical field of performance detection of check rings for shafts, the simulation analysis test device comprises a driving motor, a test protection device, a fixed rack, a speed reducer assembly, an endoscope and a displacement sensor system, a tool shaft, a high-speed camera device and an auxiliary positioning frame are modified, assembly testing and single body testing are integrated on a fixed rack, different observation modes are set, a sensor displacement system and an endoscope are innovatively adopted, the early failure form can be clearly observed through tests, and the separation rotating speed can be measured; the separation coefficient is evaluated in the early stage, the separation rotating speed interval range is given, the separation risk of the shaft circlip under the high rotating speed condition is effectively identified, the model is corrected through tests, and the method is specially used for verifying the centrifugal force of the circlip under the high rotating speed condition. When the rotating speed of an application working condition exceeds the range of a common elastic check ring, the self-locking check ring is used for replacement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of shaft retaining ring performance detection, and in particular to a simulation analysis test device and a verification method for a high-speed shaft elastic retaining ring. Background Art

[0002] At present, automobiles are developing rapidly in the direction of new energy, and pure electric vehicles have become a major trend. High speed is one of the development trends of electric vehicle drive motors. The speed of electric vehicle drive motors is generally around 16,000, and the higher speed can reach more than 20,000. The reducer assembly that matches it is increasingly showing its important role. The reducer input shaft is directly connected to the electric vehicle drive motor, and its maximum speed also increases linearly and synchronously. When the reducer is running, its internal components have different degrees of failure risks. The shaft elastic retaining ring will be at risk of escaping due to centrifugal force during high-speed operation, resulting in the failure of the reducer.

[0003] The national standard GB / T 897-2017 "Elastic retaining rings for shafts" adds the limit speed requirements for retaining rings on the basis of GB / T 894-1986; the papers "Calculation and analysis of critical speed of elastic retaining rings for shafts" and "Analysis and calculation of loosening speed of elastic retaining rings for shafts" respectively give the limit speed formulas for evaluating retaining ring looseness; According to the above literature, the limit speed of the retaining ring can be quickly determined, and to a certain extent, the retaining ring can be preliminarily evaluated and prevented from coming out, which is easy to use, but there are also the following problems: ① The limit speed of the retaining ring is calculated according to the standard working conditions and under the linear elastic conditions of the material, that is, the influence of the centrifugal force load of the retaining ring and the matching relationship of the parts is considered, and the influence of the working temperature of the parts and the plasticity of the material are not considered, so that in actual use, it is found that there is a large deviation in the limit speed of the retaining ring; ② The applicable retaining ring has a simple structure and is not applicable to non-standard retaining rings. The above retaining ring limit speed determination method is not universal; ③ The limit speed of the retaining ring is proposed for the loosening of the retaining ring. In actual application, loosening and certain coming out of the retaining ring are allowed, but complete coming out is absolutely avoided. Therefore, verifying the maximum speed of ordinary elastic retaining rings and optimizing the test method of high-speed elastic retaining rings are of great significance to the design boundary and the improvement of reducer reliability. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention conceives a simulation analysis test device and verification method for elastic retaining rings for high-speed shafts, a simulation analysis method for critical speed of elastic retaining rings for high-speed shafts of reducers, a disengagement coefficient, a simulation and test closed loop, and a perfect simulation analysis model.

[0005] One of the technical solutions adopted to implement the present invention is: a simulation analysis test device for elastic retaining rings for high-speed shafts, characterized in that it includes: a driving motor 1, a fixed stand 3, a reducer assembly 4, an endoscope 6, a displacement sensor system 7, a modified tooling shaft 8 and a high-speed camera device 9, a window observation hole 5 with a diameter of 5 mm is arranged on the reducer assembly 4, the window observation hole 5 is located perpendicular to the plane of the elastic retaining ring, the endoscope 6 extends into the window observation hole 5, the fixed stand 3 connects the driving motor 1 and the reducer assembly 4, the driving motor 1 and the reducer assembly 4 are matched and connected, a modified tooling shaft 8 is installed at the input end of the reducer assembly 4, a retaining ring is pressed on the modified tooling shaft 8, a displacement sensor system 7 is arranged directly above the modified tooling shaft 8, and a high-speed camera device 9 is arranged directly in front of the modified tooling shaft 8.

[0006] Furthermore, a test protection device 2 is provided outside the high-speed shaft elastic retaining ring simulation analysis test device, and the test protection device 2 is made of high-strength material.

[0007] Furthermore, an auxiliary positioning frame 10 is arranged directly below the modified tooling shaft 8 , and the auxiliary positioning frame 10 is in contact and connected with the modified tooling shaft 8 .

[0008] Furthermore, the displacement sensor system 7 is composed of two displacement sensors for detecting the displacement difference between the modified tooling shaft and the retaining ring.

[0009] The second technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a simulation analysis and verification method for a high-speed shaft elastic retaining ring, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:

[0010] 1) Establish a 3D model of the reducer assembly;

[0011] 2) Mesh the three-dimensional model of the reducer assembly 4, and perform finite element meshing on the elastic retaining ring for the high-speed shaft and the input shaft of the reducer assembly 4;

[0012] 3) Set the inner elastic retaining ring of the reducer assembly 4 and the input shaft to have a clearance fit;

[0013] 4) Apply constraint boundaries and material properties:

[0014] The input shaft bearing installation position is rotationally constrained to the earth, the input shaft spline applies a rotation speed, the tooth surface pitch circle position applies a torque, and the input shaft material properties, density, Poisson's ratio, and elastic modulus are set;

[0015] 5) Calculate the 3D model of the reducer assembly and perform finite element simulation analysis at different speeds;

[0016] 6) After multiple simulation analysis and calculations, the critical release speed of the retaining ring is obtained;

[0017] 7) The escape coefficient is defined as the ratio of the target speed to the critical speed;

[0018] The escape coefficient is defined as: S = V a / V c

[0019] Where: S is the escape coefficient, V a is the target speed, V c is the critical speed;

[0020] 8) Compare with the actual test results, and modify the simulation model through the critical speed determined by the test to improve the calculation accuracy.

[0021] Further, in step 2), the finite element mesh division method for the high-speed shaft elastic retaining ring and the input shaft of the reducer assembly 4 is as follows: the high-speed shaft elastic retaining ring is divided into a hexahedral mesh, and the mesh size in the width direction is 1 / 4 to 1 / 8 of the width of the high-speed shaft elastic retaining ring, and the mesh size in the radial direction is 1 / 4 to 1 / 8 of the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the high-speed shaft elastic retaining ring; the input shaft is divided into a hexahedral mesh, and the mesh is refined at the retaining ring groove of the input shaft where the high-speed elastic retaining ring is installed, and the mesh size in the radial direction is 1 / 8 to 1 / 16 of the diameter of the shaft end position at the input shaft retaining ring groove, and the mesh size in the axial direction is 1 / 4 to 1 / 8 of the axial length of the shaft end of the elastic retaining ring groove.

[0022] Further, in step 5), the three-dimensional model of the reducer assembly 4 is calculated, and finite element simulation analysis is performed on the rotation speeds of 20000, 21000, and 22000 rpm respectively.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the simulation analysis test device and verification method for a high-speed shaft elastic retaining ring of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] 1. A simulation analysis test device for elastic retaining rings for high-speed shafts, which integrates assembly test and single unit test on a test bench, sets different observation methods, innovatively uses sensor displacement system and endoscope, can clearly observe the early failure form through the test, and measure the separation speed with greater accuracy;

[0025] 2. A simulation analysis and verification method for elastic retaining rings for high-speed shafts. In the early stage, the disengagement coefficient is evaluated by simulation method, and the disengagement speed range is given to effectively identify the risk of elastic retaining rings for shafts under high speed conditions. The model is modified through experiments, which is specially used for the centrifugal force verification of elastic retaining rings under high speed conditions, and corresponding countermeasures are given. When the application speed exceeds the range of ordinary elastic retaining rings, self-locking retaining rings are used for replacement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of a test device for elastic retaining rings for high-speed shafts;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of simulation analysis verification and test method of elastic retaining ring for high-speed shaft;

[0028] In the figure: 1. driving motor, 2. test protection device, 3. fixed stand, 4. reducer assembly, 5. window observation hole, 6. endoscope, 7. displacement sensor system, 8. modified tooling shaft, 9. high-speed camera device, 10. auxiliary positioning frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following is combined with Figures 1-2 The specific implementation manner will further describe the present invention in detail. To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the implementation manner clearer, the technical scheme in the implementation manner will be clearly and completely described in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. The specific implementation manner described here is only used to explain the present invention and is not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0030] As attached Figure 1 As shown, a simulation analysis test device for elastic retaining rings for high-speed shafts comprises: a driving motor 1, a test protection device 2, a fixed stand 3, a reducer assembly 4, an endoscope 6, a displacement sensor system 7, a modified tooling shaft 8, a high-speed camera device 9 and an auxiliary positioning frame 10. The test protection device 2 is arranged outside the simulation analysis test device for elastic retaining rings for high-speed shafts. The test protection device 2 is made of high-strength material. A window observation hole 5 with a diameter of 5 mm is arranged on the reducer assembly 4. The window observation hole 5 is perpendicular to the plane of the elastic retaining ring. The endoscope 6 extends into the window observation hole 5. The fixed stand 3 is connected to the drive motor 1 and the reducer assembly 4, which are cooperatively connected. A modified tooling shaft 8 is installed at the input end of the reducer assembly 4. A retaining ring is pressed on the modified tooling shaft 8. A displacement sensor system 7 is arranged directly above the modified tooling shaft 8. The displacement sensor system 7 consists of two displacement sensors for detecting the displacement difference of the modified tooling shaft and the retaining ring. A high-speed camera device 9 is arranged directly in front of the modified tooling shaft 8, and an auxiliary positioning frame 10 is arranged directly below the modified tooling shaft 8. The auxiliary positioning frame 10 is in contact and connected with the modified tooling shaft 8.

[0031] The driving motor 1 drives the reducer assembly 4 to operate by means of electric drive reverse drag; since the speed of the modified tooling shaft 8 is relatively high, there is a risk of the retaining ring flying out, so it is necessary to install a test protection device 2 made of high-strength material; the reducer assembly 4 is used to verify the operating status of the elastic retaining ring under the assembly, and a window observation hole 5 with a diameter of 5mm is modified on the shell of the reducer assembly 4, which is located perpendicular to the plane of the elastic retaining ring and can observe the state of the retaining ring being out of the way; the endoscope 6 is extended into the window observation hole 5, which can more carefully observe whether the retaining ring is deformed and out of the way; the displacement sensor System 7 is composed of two displacement sensors, which are used to detect the displacement difference between the modified tooling shaft and the retaining ring. By detecting the displacement difference, the displacement and deformation of the retaining ring can be inferred, which is convenient for increasing and decreasing the rotation speed; a modified tooling shaft 8 is installed at the input end of the reducer assembly 4, and the retaining ring is pressed onto the modified tooling shaft 8. Testing outside the assembly is more conducive to observing the actual state and can be compared with the assembly test; a high-speed camera device 9 is arranged directly in front of the modified tooling shaft 8. The high-speed camera device 9 is placed vertically opposite to the retaining ring surface, and is used to shoot the disengagement state of the retaining ring and derive a high-frame number image to reflect the deformation state of the retaining ring.

[0032] As attached Figure 2 As shown, a simulation analysis and verification method for a high-speed shaft elastic retaining ring includes the following steps:

[0033] 1) Establish a 3D model of the reducer assembly;

[0034] 2) Meshing the three-dimensional model of the reducer assembly 4, and performing finite element meshing on the elastic retaining ring for the high-speed shaft and the input shaft of the reducer assembly 4. The finite element meshing method for the elastic retaining ring for the high-speed shaft and the input shaft of the reducer assembly 4 is as follows: the elastic retaining ring for the high-speed shaft is divided into a hexahedral mesh, and the mesh size in the width direction is 1 / 4 to 1 / 8 of the width of the elastic retaining ring for the high-speed shaft, and the mesh size in the radial direction is 1 / 4 to 1 / 8 of the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the elastic retaining ring for the high-speed shaft; the input shaft is divided into a hexahedral mesh, and the mesh is refined at the retaining ring groove of the input shaft where the high-speed elastic retaining ring is installed, and the mesh size in the radial direction is 1 / 8 to 1 / 16 of the diameter of the shaft end position at the retaining ring groove of the input shaft, and the mesh size in the axial direction is 1 / 4 to 1 / 8 of the axial length of the shaft end of the retaining ring groove;

[0035] 3) Set the inner elastic retaining ring of the reducer assembly 4 and the input shaft to have a clearance fit;

[0036] 4) Apply constraint boundaries and material properties:

[0037] The input shaft bearing installation position is rotationally constrained to the earth, the input shaft spline applies a rotation speed, the tooth surface pitch circle position applies a torque, and the input shaft material properties, density, Poisson's ratio, and elastic modulus are set;

[0038] 5) Calculate the three-dimensional model of the reducer assembly 4, and perform finite element simulation analysis on the speeds of 20000, 21000, and 22000 rpm respectively;

[0039] 6) After multiple simulation analysis and calculations, the critical release speed of the retaining ring is obtained;

[0040] 7) The escape coefficient is defined as the ratio of the target speed to the critical speed;

[0041] The escape coefficient is defined as: S = V a / V c

[0042] Where: S is the escape coefficient, V a is the target speed, V c is the critical speed;

[0043] 8) Compare with the actual test results, and modify the simulation model through the critical speed determined by the test to improve the calculation accuracy.

[0044] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation analysis test device for elastic retaining rings for high-speed shafts, characterized in that it include: A driving motor (1), a fixed stand (3), a reducer assembly (4), an endoscope (6), a displacement sensor system (7), a modified tool shaft (8) and a high-speed camera device (9); a window observation hole (5) with a diameter of 5 mm is arranged on the reducer assembly (4); the window observation hole (5) is located perpendicular to the plane of the elastic retaining ring; the endoscope (6) extends into the window observation hole (5); the fixed stand (3) is connected to the driving motor (1) and the reducer assembly (4); the driving motor (1) and the reducer assembly (4) are matched and connected; a modified tool shaft (8) is installed at the input end of the reducer assembly (4); a retaining ring is pressed on the modified tool shaft (8); a displacement sensor system (7) is arranged directly above the modified tool shaft (8); and a high-speed camera device (9) is arranged directly in front of the modified tool shaft (8).

2. The simulation analysis test device for elastic retaining rings for high-speed shafts according to claim 1 is characterized in that A test protection device (2) is arranged outside the high-speed shaft elastic retaining ring simulation analysis test device, and the test protection device (2) is made of high-strength material.

3. The simulation analysis test device for elastic retaining rings for high-speed shafts according to claim 1 is characterized in that An auxiliary positioning frame (10) is arranged directly below the modified tooling shaft (8), and the auxiliary positioning frame (10) is in contact and connection with the modified tooling shaft (8).

4. The simulation analysis test device for elastic retaining rings for high-speed shafts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The displacement sensor system (7) is composed of two displacement sensors and is used to detect the displacement difference between the modified tooling shaft and the clamping ring.

5. A simulation analysis and verification method for elastic retaining rings for high-speed shafts, characterized in that: Based on the reducer assembly (4), it includes the following steps: 1) Establish a three-dimensional model of the reducer assembly (4); 2) meshing the three-dimensional model of the reducer assembly (4), and performing finite element meshing on the elastic retaining ring for the high-speed shaft and the input shaft of the reducer assembly (4); 3) The inner elastic retaining ring of the reducer assembly (4) is set to have a clearance fit with the input shaft; 4) Apply constraint boundaries and material properties: The input shaft bearing installation position is rotationally constrained to the earth, the input shaft spline applies a rotation speed, the tooth surface pitch circle position applies a torque, and the input shaft material properties, density, Poisson's ratio, and elastic modulus are set; 5) Calculate the three-dimensional model of the reducer assembly (4) and perform finite element simulation analysis at different speeds; 6) After multiple simulation analysis and calculations, the critical release speed of the retaining ring is obtained; 7) The escape coefficient is defined as the ratio of the target speed to the critical speed; The escape coefficient is defined as: S = V a / V c Where: S is the escape coefficient, V a is the target speed, V c is the critical speed; 8) Compare with the actual test results, and modify the simulation model through the critical speed determined by the test to improve the calculation accuracy.

6. The simulation analysis and verification method for a high-speed shaft elastic retaining ring according to claim 5 is characterized in that: In step 2), the finite element meshing method for the high-speed shaft elastic retaining ring and the input shaft of the reducer assembly (4) is as follows: the high-speed shaft elastic retaining ring is divided into hexahedral meshes, the mesh size in the width direction is 1 / 4 to 1 / 8 of the width of the high-speed shaft elastic retaining ring, and the mesh size in the radial direction is 1 / 4 to 1 / 8 of the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the high-speed shaft elastic retaining ring; the input shaft is divided into hexahedral meshes, and the mesh is refined at the retaining ring groove of the input shaft where the high-speed elastic retaining ring is installed, the mesh size in the radial direction is 1 / 8 to 1 / 16 of the diameter of the shaft end position at the input shaft retaining ring groove, and the mesh size in the axial direction is 1 / 4 to 1 / 8 of the axial length of the shaft end of the retaining ring groove.

7. The simulation analysis and verification method for a high-speed shaft elastic retaining ring according to claim 5 is characterized in that: In step 5), the three-dimensional model of the reducer assembly (4) is calculated, and finite element simulation analysis is performed on the rotation speeds of 20,000, 21,000, and 22,000 rpm respectively.

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