Solar cell module

Abstract

A solar cell module is provided with a first protective layer (1), a plurality of solar cell elements (31), and a filler (4). The first protective layer (1) contains a translucent resin and has a first surface (1f) and a second surface (1s) on the opposite side from the first surface. The plurality of solar cell elements (31) are provided so as to face the second surface (1s) and are arranged along the second surface (1s). The filler (4) is provided in a state of being in contact with the second surface (1s) and covering the plurality of solar cell elements (31). The plurality of solar cell elements (31) include two solar cell elements arranged in the first direction. The first surface (1f) has: a first region positioned on the plurality of solar cell elements (31); and a second region different from the first region. The first surface (1f) has one or more linear recesses (1t) located in the second region.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference of related applications

[0002] The present application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-86771 (filed on May 27, 2022), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to a solar cell module. Background Art

[0004] A solar cell module is known in which a plurality of solar cell elements are disposed between a protective layer on the front side and a protective layer on the back side (e.g., see Patent Document 1). In this solar cell module, the plurality of solar cell elements are electrically connected to each other in a planar arrangement. Furthermore, the plurality of solar cell elements are covered with a filler material primarily composed of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA).

[0005] Prior art literature

[0006] Patent Literature

[0007] Patent Document 1: International Publication No. 2021 / 070743 Summary of the Invention

[0008] A solar cell module is disclosed.

[0009] One embodiment of a solar cell module comprises a first protective layer, a plurality of solar cell elements, and a filling material. The first protective layer contains a light-transmitting resin and has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The plurality of solar cell elements are arranged opposite to the second surface and arranged along the second surface. The filling material is arranged in contact with the second surface and covers the plurality of solar cell elements. The plurality of solar cell elements include two solar cell elements arranged in a first direction. The first surface has: a first region located on the plurality of solar cell elements; and a second region different from the first region. The first surface has one or more linear recesses located in the second region. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 This is a plan view showing an example of the appearance of the solar cell module according to the first embodiment when viewed from above.

[0011] Figure 2 It means along Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a virtual cross-section taken along line II-II of a solar cell module.

[0012] Figure 3It means along Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a virtual cross-section taken along line III-III of a solar cell module.

[0013] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing an example of the structure when the first element surface of the solar cell element is viewed from above.

[0014] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing an example of the structure when the second element surface of the solar cell element is viewed from above.

[0015] Figure 6 It means along Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a virtual cross-section of a solar cell element taken along line VI-VI.

[0016] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing an example of a bent state of the solar cell module according to the first embodiment.

[0017] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing an example of a state of a virtual cross section during production in a specific example of a method for producing a solar cell element.

[0018] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing an example of a state of a virtual cross section during production in a specific example of a method for producing a solar cell element.

[0019] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing an example of a state of a virtual cross section during production in a specific example of a method for producing a solar cell element.

[0020] Figure 11 This is a diagram showing an example of a state of a virtual cross section during production in a specific example of a method for producing a solar cell element.

[0021] Figure 12 This is a diagram showing an example of a state of a virtual cross section during production in a specific example of a method for producing a solar cell element.

[0022] Figure 13 This is a diagram showing an example of a state of a virtual cross section during manufacturing in a specific example of the method for manufacturing the solar cell module according to the first embodiment.

[0023] Figure 14 This is a diagram showing an example of a state of a virtual cross section during manufacturing in a specific example of the method for manufacturing the solar cell module according to the first embodiment.

[0024] Figure 15The solar cell module according to the second embodiment Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a virtual cutting surface at a position corresponding to the virtual cutting surface of FIG.

[0025] Figure 16 The solar cell module according to the second embodiment Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a virtual cutting surface at a position corresponding to the virtual cutting surface of FIG.

[0026] Figure 17 This is a diagram showing an example of a state of a virtual cross section during manufacturing in a specific example of the method for manufacturing a solar cell module according to the second embodiment.

[0027] Figure 18 This is a diagram showing an example of a state of a virtual cross section during manufacturing in a specific example of the method for manufacturing a solar cell module according to the second embodiment.

[0028] Figure 19 It is a plan view showing an example of the appearance of a solar cell module according to the third embodiment when viewed from above.

[0029] Figure 20 It means along Figure 19 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a virtual cross-section of a solar cell module taken along line XX-XX.

[0030] Figure 21 It means along Figure 19 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a virtual cross-section taken along line XXI-XXI of a solar cell module.

[0031] Figure 22 This is a diagram schematically showing an example of a path of rainwater flowing on the first protective layer of the solar cell module according to the third embodiment.

[0032] Figure 23 This is a diagram showing an example of a state of a virtual cross section during manufacturing in a specific example of a method for manufacturing a solar cell module according to the third embodiment.

[0033] Figure 24 This is a diagram showing an example of a state of a virtual cross section during manufacturing in a specific example of a method for manufacturing a solar cell module according to the third embodiment.

[0034] Figure 25 The solar cell module according to the fourth embodiment Figure 20 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a virtual cutting surface at a position corresponding to the virtual cutting surface of FIG.

[0035] Figure 26The solar cell module according to the fourth embodiment Figure 21 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a virtual cutting surface at a position corresponding to the virtual cutting surface of FIG.

[0036] Figure 27 This is a diagram showing an example of a state of a virtual cross section during manufacturing in a specific example of a method for manufacturing a solar cell module according to the fourth embodiment.

[0037] Figure 28 This is a diagram showing an example of a state of a virtual cross section during manufacturing in a specific example of a method for manufacturing a solar cell module according to the fourth embodiment.

[0038] Figure 29 This is a solar cell module according to another embodiment. Figure 21 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a virtual cutting surface at a position corresponding to the virtual cutting surface of FIG.

[0039] Figure 30 This is a solar cell module according to another embodiment. Figure 21 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a virtual cutting surface at a position corresponding to the virtual cutting surface of FIG.

[0040] Figure 31 This is a diagram showing an example of a path of rainwater flowing on the first protective layer of a solar cell module according to another embodiment.

[0041] Figure 32 This is a solar cell module according to another embodiment. Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a virtual cutting surface at a position corresponding to the virtual cutting surface of FIG.

[0042] Figure 33 This is a plan view showing an example of the appearance of a solar cell module according to another embodiment when viewed from above.

[0043] Figure 34 This is a plan view showing an example of the appearance of a solar cell module according to another embodiment when viewed from above. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] A solar cell module is known in which a plurality of solar cell elements are disposed between a protective layer on the front side and a protective layer on the back side. In this solar cell module, the plurality of solar cell elements are electrically connected to each other in a planar arrangement. Furthermore, the plurality of solar cell elements are covered between the protective layer on the front side and the protective layer on the back side by a filler material primarily composed of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA).

[0045] However, solar cell modules still have room for improvement from the perspectives of weight reduction and improvement in power generation efficiency.

[0046] Therefore, the inventors of the present disclosure have created a technology that can achieve weight reduction and improved power generation efficiency for a solar cell module. In this regard, first to fourth embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0047] In the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are used for parts having the same, substantially the same or similar structures and functions. Therefore, repeated descriptions are omitted as appropriate in the following description. The accompanying drawings schematically show. Figures 1 to 34 The right-handed XYZ coordinate system is marked in . In this XYZ coordinate system, the long side direction of the front face 10f of the solar cell panel 10 is set as the -Y direction as the first direction. The short side direction of the front face 10f of the solar cell panel 10 is set as the +X direction as the second direction. The direction perpendicular to the front face 10f that is orthogonal to both the -Y direction and the +X direction (also called the normal direction) is set as the +Z direction. The direction opposite to the +Z direction is set as the -Z direction as the third direction. The direction opposite to the +X direction as the second direction is set as the -X direction as the fourth direction. The direction opposite to the -Y direction as the first direction is set as the +Y direction as the fifth direction.

[0048] <1. First embodiment>

[0049] <1-1. Solar cell module>

[0050] refer to Figures 1 to 7 A solar cell module 100 according to the first embodiment will be described.

[0051] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the solar cell module 100 includes, for example, a solar cell panel 10. The solar cell panel 10 includes, for example: a light-receiving surface (also referred to as a front surface) 10f on which light is mainly incident; and a back surface 10b located on the opposite side of the front surface 10f. In the first embodiment, the front surface 10f is in a state facing the +Z direction. The back surface 10b is in a state facing the -Z direction. When the solar cell module 100 is used for power generation outdoors, for example, the +Z direction is set to the direction facing the sun at the zenith. Figure 1 In the example of FIG, the front surface 10f has a rectangular shape. The solar cell module 100 may further include a terminal box (not shown) for extracting the electric power generated by the solar cell panel 10 to the outside.

[0052] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the solar cell panel 10 includes, for example, a first protective layer 1 , a second protective layer 2 , a solar cell portion 3 , a filler 4 , and a support member 5 .

[0053] <1-1-1. First protective layer>

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown in FIG. 1 , the first protective layer 1 has, for example, a first surface 1f and a second surface 1s. In the first embodiment, the first surface 1f is, for example, in a state of constituting the front surface 10f of the solar cell panel 10. That is, the first protective layer 1 has a rectangular shape. Figures 1 to 3 In the example of , the first surface 1f is exposed to a space (also referred to as an external space) 200 outside the solar cell module 100. The second surface 1s is a surface of the first protective layer 1 opposite to the first surface 1f.

[0055] The first protective layer 1 is, for example, light-transmitting. Specifically, the first protective layer 1 is light-transmitting to a specific wavelength range. For example, the specific wavelength range includes wavelengths of light capable of photoelectric conversion by the solar cell unit 3. If the specific wavelength range includes wavelengths of sunlight with high irradiation intensity, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module 100 can be improved.

[0056] The material of the first protective layer 1 can be, for example, a light-transmitting resin. In other words, the first protective layer 1 contains a light-transmitting resin. This light-transmitting resin can be weather-resistant. Here, weather resistance means, for example, that it is less susceptible to deformation, discoloration, and degradation when used outdoors. The light-transmitting resin used in the material of the first protective layer 1 can be flexible. Here, flexibility means, for example, soft and gentle properties. The first protective layer 1 can contain, for example, a single layer of resin.

[0057] By using a resin as the material for the first protective layer 1 , the first protective layer 1 has, for example, moisture-permeable and waterproof properties. Moisture-permeable and waterproof properties, for example, mean that the intrusion of water, such as water droplets, from the external space 200 of the solar cell module 100 into the solar cell section 3 is reduced, and moisture easily passes from the filler 4 into the external space 200 . Examples of resins that are light-transmitting and weather-resistant include fluorine-based resins. Examples of fluorine-based resins include fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), and ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE). For example, the first protective layer 1 may be composed of two or more resin layers. In this case, the fluorine-based resins used in the first protective layer 1 may be, for example, two or more types of resins. For this purpose, for example, the fluorine-based resin used in the first protective layer 1 may include one or more resins selected from FEP, ETFE, and ECTFE.

[0058] The thickness of the first protective layer 1 is set to, for example, approximately 0.05 millimeters (mm) to 0.5 mm. The first protective layer 1 may contain a relatively low-density resin that is moisture-permeable. Furthermore, the thickness of the first protective layer 1 may be relatively thin. In this case, the first protective layer 1 is relatively lightweight. Therefore, compared to, for example, a structure in which the first protective layer 1 is replaced with dense glass having a thickness of approximately 1 mm or greater, the solar cell module 100 can be made lighter and thinner.

[0059] Alternatively, the first protective layer 1 may be made of a resin other than a fluorine-based resin or a resin other than a fluorine-based resin. Examples of resins other than fluorine-based resins include acrylic resins and polycarbonates. In this case, the thickness of the resin can be set to approximately 0.03 mm to 0.6 mm. The first protective layer 1 may have a structure comprising a laminate of multiple resin types.

[0060] <1-1-2. Solar Cell Section>

[0061] The solar cell section 3 is located, for example, between the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 2. In other words, the solar cell section 3 is opposed to the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 2 in the Z direction.

[0062] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, the solar cell section 3 includes, for example, a plurality of solar cell elements 31. The plurality of solar cell elements 31 are located between the second surface 1s of the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 2. From another point of view, the plurality of solar cell elements 31 are arranged in a state opposite to the second surface 1s of the first protective layer 1. In addition, the plurality of solar cell elements 31 are arranged along the second surface 1s of the first protective layer 1. In other words, the plurality of solar cell elements 31 are in a state of being arranged in a plane along the second surface 1s of the first protective layer 1. Figures 1 to 3 In the example of FIG, a plurality of solar cell elements 31 are arranged two-dimensionally.

[0063] Solar cell section 3 further includes, for example, a plurality of first wiring members 32 , a second wiring member 33 , and a third wiring member 34 .

[0064] The solar cell section 3 includes, for example, a plurality of solar cell strings 30. Figures 1 to 3 In the example of FIG, the solar cell section 3 includes two solar cell strings 30 as the plurality of solar cell strings 30. The plurality of solar cell strings 30 are arranged in the X direction, for example.

[0065] Each of the plurality of solar cell strings 30 includes, for example, two or more solar cell elements 31 and a plurality of first wiring members 32 .

[0066] In the first embodiment, in each solar cell string 30, two or more solar cell elements 31 are arranged in the -Y direction, which is the first direction, for example. Figures 1 to 3 In the example shown in FIG. , each solar cell string 30 includes six solar cell elements 31 as the two or more solar cell elements 31. Alternatively, each solar cell string 30 may include two solar cell elements 31 as the two or more solar cell elements 31, or may include any number of three or more solar cell elements 31 as the two or more solar cell elements 31. In other words, in the solar cell module 100, the plurality of solar cell elements 31 include two solar cell elements 31 arranged in the -Y direction as the first direction.

[0067] The plurality of first wiring members 32 are, for example, in a state of electrically connecting two adjacent solar cell elements 31 among two or more solar cell elements 31. The second wiring member 33 is in a state of electrically connecting two adjacent solar cell strings 30 among two or more solar cell strings 30. One third wiring member 34 is connected to each of the two solar cell strings 30. Figures 1 to 3In the example, the solar cell section 3 includes: a third wiring member 34 connected to the solar cell string 30 located closest to the end in the -X direction; and a third wiring member 34 connected to the solar cell string 30 located closest to the end in the +X direction. The two third wiring members 34 each have a portion extending to the outside of the solar cell panel 10.

[0068] The plurality of solar cell elements 31 can convert light energy into electrical energy. The plurality of solar cell elements 31 each have a plate-like shape, for example. The plurality of solar cell elements 31 each have a first element surface 31f and a second element surface 31s. The first element surface 31f is a surface opposite to the second surface 1s of the first protective layer 1. The second element surface 31s is a surface on the opposite side of the solar cell element 31 to the first element surface 31f. In other words, the second element surface 31s is opposite to the second protective layer 2. Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 In the example, the first element surface 31f is in a state facing the +Z direction, and the second element surface 31s is in a state facing the -Z direction. In this case, for example, the first element surface 31f mainly serves as a surface on which light is incident (also called a light-receiving surface), and the second element surface 31s mainly serves as a surface on which light is not incident (also called a non-light-receiving surface). The first element surface 31f and the second element surface 31s each have, for example, a roughly square or other rectangular shape. The first element surface 31f and the second element surface 31s each may have a shape with a chamfered corner. The first element surface 31f and the second element surface 31s each have a roughly square shape with a side length of about 100 mm to 250 mm. The first element surface 31f and the second element surface 31s each have, for example, a roughly rectangular shape.

[0069] In the first embodiment, as Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 As shown, each of the plurality of solar cell elements 31 includes a semiconductor substrate 310 , a first electrode 311 , a second electrode 312 , a third electrode 313 , and a fourth electrode 314 .

[0070] The semiconductor substrate 310 may be a crystalline semiconductor such as crystalline silicon, an amorphous semiconductor such as amorphous silicon, or a compound semiconductor using four elements, namely copper, indium, gallium, and selenium, or two elements, namely cadmium and tellurium. Here, the semiconductor substrate 310 is made of crystalline silicon. In this case, Figure 6As shown, semiconductor substrate 310 primarily comprises a region 310f containing a semiconductor of a first conductivity type (also referred to as a first conductivity type region) and a region 310s containing a semiconductor of a second conductivity type opposite to the first conductivity type (also referred to as a second conductivity type region). The first conductivity type region 310f is located, for example, on the -Z direction side of semiconductor substrate 310 on the second element surface 31s side. The second conductivity type region 310s is located, for example, on the surface of semiconductor substrate 310 on the +Z direction side of first element surface 31f. For example, if the first conductivity type is p-type, the second conductivity type is n-type. For example, if the first conductivity type is n-type, the second conductivity type is p-type. Thus, semiconductor substrate 310 has a pn junction at the interface between first conductivity type region 310f and second conductivity type region 310s. The thickness of semiconductor substrate 310 is, for example, approximately 0.15 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0071] The first electrode 311 and the second electrode 312 are located on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 310 on the first element surface 31f side. The first electrode 311 is, for example, a bus bar electrode. The second electrode 312 is, for example, a finger electrode. In the first embodiment, each solar cell element 31 has a plurality of first electrodes 311 and a plurality of second electrodes 312. Figure 4 In the example, a plurality of approximately parallel first electrodes 311 and a plurality of approximately parallel second electrodes 312 are provided on the first element surface 31f side of the semiconductor substrate 310. More specifically, five first electrodes 311 as the plurality of approximately parallel first electrodes 311 and a plurality of approximately parallel second electrodes 312 as the plurality of approximately parallel second electrodes 312 are provided in an approximately orthogonal state. Figure 4 In the example of FIG, each of the plurality of first electrodes 311 has a long strip shape extending in the -Y direction as the first direction, and each of the plurality of second electrodes 312 has a long linear shape extending in the +X direction as the second direction. Figure 4 As shown, each solar cell element 31 may include, for example, a fifth electrode 315 provided along the outer edge portion in the -X direction and a fifth electrode 315 provided along the outer edge portion in the +X direction on the first element surface 31f side. Each fifth electrode 315 connects, for example, a plurality of substantially parallel second electrodes 312 to each other.

[0072] Furthermore, an anti-reflection film 317 may be provided in the region of the second conductive type region 310s of the semiconductor substrate 310 where the first electrode 311 and the second electrode 312 are not formed. The anti-reflection film 317 may be made of, for example, an insulating film containing silicon nitride. Figure 4 As well as Figure 6As shown, a passivation film 316 may be present between the second conductivity type region 310s of the semiconductor substrate 310 and the anti-reflection film 317. The passivation film 316 may be a thin film containing an oxide such as aluminum oxide or a nitride.

[0073] Here, for example, if the main component of the first electrode 311 is silver, the first electrode 311 can be formed by applying a silver paste into a desired shape using a screen printing method or the like, and then firing the silver paste. The so-called main component refers to the component with the highest content ratio (also called content rate) among the components constituting a substance. For example, a silver paste containing a metal powder containing silver as a main component, an organic vehicle, and glass frit is used. For example, if the main component of the second electrode 312 is silver, the second electrode 312 can be formed by applying a silver paste into a desired shape using a screen printing method or the like, and then firing the silver paste. For example, if the main component of the fifth electrode 315 is silver, the fifth electrode 315 can be formed by applying a silver paste into a desired shape using a screen printing method or the like, and then firing the silver paste. The first electrode 311, the second electrode 312, and the fifth electrode 315 can be formed in different processes or in the same process.

[0074] The third electrode 313 and the fourth electrode 314 are provided on the second element surface 31s side of the semiconductor substrate 310. The third electrode 313 is provided as a bus bar electrode. Figure 5 In the example, a plurality of substantially parallel third electrodes 313 are provided on the second element surface 31s side of the semiconductor substrate 310. More specifically, five columns of substantially parallel third electrodes 313 are provided on the second element surface 31s side of the semiconductor substrate 310. The five columns of third electrodes 313 are respectively provided along the -Y direction which is the first direction. More specifically, the five columns of third electrodes 313 each include, for example, a plurality of electrode portions arranged in a row. The plurality of electrode portions are constituted by, for example, six electrode portions. The fourth electrode 314 is provided on the second element surface 31s side of the semiconductor substrate 310 on substantially the entire surface of the region where the third electrode 313 is not provided, except for portions where the third electrode 313 and the fourth electrode 314 overlap and are connected to each other. In addition, the fourth electrode 314 does not need to be provided on substantially the entire surface, and may be provided in a grid pattern, for example.

[0075] In addition, for example, Figure 5 As well as Figure 6As shown in FIG1 , a passivation film 316 may be present between the first conductive region 310f of the semiconductor substrate 310 and the third electrode 313 and the fourth electrode 314. The passivation film 316 may be, for example, a thin film containing oxides such as aluminum oxide or nitrides. In this case, the passivation film 316 has a desired pattern between the first conductive region 310f and the third electrode 313 and the fourth electrode 314. Furthermore, a film (also referred to as a protective film) 318 for protecting the passivation film 316 may be present between the passivation film 316 and the fourth electrode 314. The protective film 318 may be, for example, a thin film containing oxides such as silicon oxide. The protective film 318 has a desired pattern between the passivation film 316 and the fourth electrode 314. For example, as Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the protective film 318 may not exist between the passivation film 316 and the third electrode 313. In this case, the protective film 318 has a plurality of hole portions where the third electrode 313 is located. In addition, for example, the protective film 318 may exist between the passivation film 316 and the third electrode 313. The passivation film 316 and the protective film 318, for example, have many through holes for making a part of the fourth electrode 314 contact the first conductive type region 310f. The first conductive type region 310f has a region (also referred to as a high concentration region, also referred to as a BSF (Back Surface Field) region) 310t in which the concentration of the first conductive type doping element is higher than that of other regions of the first conductive type region 310f in the portion of the surface layer in contact with the fourth electrode 314.

[0076] Here, for example, when the main component of the third electrode 313 is silver, the third electrode 313 can be formed by applying a silver paste into a desired shape using a screen printing method or the like, and then firing the silver paste. For example, when the main component of the fourth electrode 314 is aluminum, the fourth electrode 314 can be formed by applying an aluminum paste into a desired shape using a screen printing method or the like, and then firing the aluminum paste. The aluminum paste can be, for example, a metal paste containing a metal powder containing aluminum as a main component, an organic vehicle, and glass frit.

[0077] The first wiring member 32 is in a state of electrically connecting the first electrode 311 of one solar cell element 31 and the third electrode 313 of another solar cell element 31 next to the solar cell element 31, for example. Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 In the example of FIG, outer edges of the plurality of first wiring members 32 attached to the solar cell elements 31 are virtually depicted by two-dot chain lines. Figures 1 to 5In the example of , the first wiring member 32 has a long strip shape that is long in the -Y direction as the first direction. Here, the first wiring member 32 is, for example, in a state of being bonded to the first electrode 311 and the third electrode 313. More specifically, for example, there is a portion (also referred to as a first bonding portion) 321 between the first wiring member 32 and the first electrode 311 that bonds the first wiring member 32 and the first electrode 311. For this reason, for example, the first wiring member 32 is in a state of being bonded to the first electrode 311 of one solar cell element 31 via the first bonding portion 321. Furthermore, for example, there is a portion (also referred to as a second bonding portion) 322 between the first wiring member 32 and the third electrode 313 that bonds the first wiring member 32 and the third electrode 313. For this reason, for example, the first wiring member 32 is in a state of being bonded to the third electrode 313 of another solar cell element 31 next to one solar cell element 31 via the second bonding portion 322.

[0078] The first wiring member 32 is made of, for example, a conductive metal body in the form of a wire or a strip. The materials of the first bonding portion 321 and the second bonding portion 322 are made of, for example, a low-melting-point alloy such as solder or a low-melting-point single metal. More specifically, for example, the first wiring member 32 is made of a copper foil having a thickness of about 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm and a width of about 1 mm to 2 mm. In this case, the entire surface of the first wiring member 32 may be covered with solder. The first wiring member 32 is, for example, electrically connected to the first electrode 311 and the third electrode 313 by soldering. Here, for example, the solder located between the first wiring member 32 and the first electrode 311 constitutes the first bonding portion 321. In addition, for example, the solder located between the first wiring member 32 and the third electrode 313 constitutes the second bonding portion 322.

[0079] <1-1-3. Filling materials>

[0080] The filling material 4 is in contact with the second surface 1s. In addition, the filling material 4 is provided in a state of covering the plurality of solar cell elements 31. In the first embodiment, the filling material 4 is in a state of covering the plurality of solar cell elements 31 between the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 2. In other words, the filling material 4 is in a state of covering the solar cell portion 3 in the region between the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 2 (also referred to as the gap region) to fill the gap region. From another point of view, the filling material 4 has: a surface on the first protective layer 1 side in contact with the second surface 1s of the first protective layer 1; and a surface on the second protective layer 2 side in contact with the second protective layer 2.

[0081] The filling material 4 includes, for example: a filling material (also referred to as a first filling material) 41 located on the front face 10f side; and a filling material (also referred to as a second filling material) 42 located on the back face 10b side. The first filling material 41 is, for example, in a state of covering the entire surface of the first protective layer 1 side of the solar cell section 3. In other words, the first filling material 41 is, for example, in a state of covering the plurality of solar cell elements 31 between the first protective layer 1 and the plurality of solar cell elements 31. The second filling material 42 is, for example, in a state of covering the entire surface of the second protective layer 2 side of the solar cell section 3. In other words, the second filling material 42 is, for example, in a state of covering the plurality of solar cell elements 31 between the second protective layer 2 and the plurality of solar cell elements 31. For this reason, in the first embodiment, the solar cell section 3 is, for example, in a state of being sandwiched and surrounded by the first filling material 41 and the second filling material 42. Thus, for example, the posture of the solar cell section 3 can be maintained by the filling material 4.

[0082] Furthermore, the filler 4 is, for example, translucent. Here, the filler 4 is, for example, translucent to light within the aforementioned specific wavelength range. For example, if the first filler 41 of the first filler 41 and the second filler 42 constituting the filler 4 is translucent, incident light from the front surface 10 f side can reach the solar cell section 3.

[0083] The material of the first filler 41 may be, for example, ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer (EVA), polyvinyl acetal such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB), or an acid-modified resin. For example, if relatively inexpensive EVA is used as the material for the first filler 41, it is easier to achieve the performance of protecting the plurality of solar cell elements 31. Acid-modified resins may be, for example, modified polyolefin resins formed by grafting acid onto resins such as polyolefins. Acids that can be used in grafting acid-modified resins include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, maleic anhydride, nadic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, or citraconic anhydride. The material of the second filler 42 may be, for example, the same as the first filler 41, polyvinyl acetal such as EVA or PVB, or an acid-modified resin. The first filler 41 and the second filler 42 may each contain two or more materials.

[0084] The second filler 42 may contain a pigment, for example. For example, if the second filler 42 contains a white pigment, light that has passed through the solar cell section 3 can be reflected by the second filler 42 and re-enter the solar cell section 3. This can improve the power generation efficiency of the solar cell module 100.

[0085] Alternatively, the filler 4 may include the first filler 41 instead of the second filler 42. In this case, the first filler 41 covers the solar cell portion 3 between the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 2. In other words, the first filler 41 covers the plurality of solar cell elements 31 between the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 2.

[0086] like Figure 2 As shown, for example, the thickness of the filling material 4 may be smaller at the portion covering the solar cell section 3 and larger between the solar cell section 3 and the supporting member 5. In this case, for example, the maximum value of the thickness of the filling material 4 between the solar cell section 3 and the supporting member 5 is greater than the maximum value of the thickness of the filling material 4 between two adjacent solar cell elements 31 among the plurality of solar cell elements 31. From another point of view, the distance between the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 2 may be smaller at the portion sandwiching the solar cell section 3 and larger at the portion of the region sandwiching the solar cell section 3 and the supporting member 5. In other words, the maximum value of the distance between the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 2 at the portion of the region sandwiching the solar cell section 3 and the supporting member 5 may be greater than the maximum value of the distance between the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 2 at the portion sandwiching the solar cell section 3. In addition, as Figure 2 As shown, for example, in at least a portion of the region between the support member 5 and the solar cell section 3, there may be a portion where the thickness of the filler 4 gradually increases from the solar cell section 3 toward the support member 5. In other words, for example, in at least a portion of the region between the support member 5 and the solar cell section 3, there may be a portion where the thickness of the filler 4 monotonically increases from the solar cell section 3 toward the support member 5.

[0087] In addition, Figure 2 In the example shown in FIG. 1 , the filling material 4 has a shape that is line-symmetrical with respect to the XY plane, but the drawings show this as a schematic illustration and the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto.

[0088] <1-1-4. Second protective layer>

[0089] The second protective layer 2 is in a state of constituting the back surface 10b of the solar cell panel 10, for example. The second protective layer 2 is in contact with, for example, the surface of the filler 4 on the side opposite to the first protective layer 1. In other words, the second protective layer 2 is in contact with the filler 4 on the side opposite to the first protective layer 1 relative to the filler 4. In further other words, the second protective layer 2 is in contact with the surface of the filler 4 on the side opposite to the surface of the filler 4 that is in contact with the first protective layer 1. In the first embodiment, the second protective layer 2 is provided in a state of being opposed to the solar cell portion 3 and the first portion 51 of the support member 5 in the Z direction. The first portion 51 is a portion that is located closer to the solar cell portion 3 than the second portion 52 of the support member 5 in the X direction.

[0090] The second protective layer 2 can protect the solar cell portion 3 from the back surface 10b side, for example. The second protective layer 2 uses, for example, a back sheet constituting the back surface 10b. The thickness of the back sheet is set to, for example, about 0.15 mm to 0.5 mm. The material of the back sheet is, for example, a resin. The resin can be made of, for example, the same material as the first protective layer 1. When viewed from the back surface 10b side, the second protective layer 2 has the same or substantially the same shape as the first protective layer 1. For example, a structure is adopted in which both the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 2 have a rectangular outer shape when viewed from the back surface 10b side.

[0091] <1-1-5. Supporting member>

[0092] The support member 5 is used to enhance the rigidity of the solar cell panel 10. For example, the support member 5 has a higher rigidity than the combined rigidity of the first protective layer 1, the second protective layer 2, and the filler 4. In other words, the support member 5 is, for example, a rigid body having high rigidity. The material of the support member 5 can be metal. Examples of such metals include aluminum and stainless steel.

[0093] The supporting member 5 is provided in a state adjacent to the solar cell portion 3 with a gap therebetween. More specifically, in a plan view, the supporting member 5 is provided in a state adjacent to the solar cell portion 3 with a gap therebetween. The supporting member 5 includes a first portion 51 and a second portion 52. Regarding the plan view, unless the conditions are particularly described, it means a plan view of each portion in the -Z direction, which is the third direction. From another point of view, in a plan view toward the first surface 1f of the first protective layer 1, the supporting member 5 is provided in a state adjacent to the solar cell portion 3 with a gap therebetween in the +X direction, which is the second direction.

[0094] The first portion 51 is provided between the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 2 in a state covered by the filler 4. In other words, the first portion 51 is provided in a state facing the second surface 1s of the first protective layer 1. In addition, the first portion 51 is provided in a state facing the second protective layer 2. Figure 2 In the example, the first portion 51 is located opposite the second surface 1s of the first protective layer 1 in the Z direction. The first portion 51 is also located opposite the second protective layer 2 in the Z direction. From another perspective, the filler 4 includes a portion located between the second surface 1s of the first protective layer 1 and the first portion 51. More specifically, the first filler 41 includes a portion located between the second surface 1s of the first protective layer 1 and the first portion 51 in the -Z direction, which is the third direction. Furthermore, the filler 4 includes a portion located between the second protective layer 2 and the first portion 51. More specifically, the second filler 42 includes a portion located between the first portion 51 and the second protective layer 2 in the -Z direction, which is the third direction.

[0095] The second portion 52 is a portion of the supporting member 5 that is located on the side opposite to the solar cell portion 3. In other words, the supporting member 5 includes: a first portion 51 that is located on the side of the solar cell portion 3; and a second portion 52 that is located on the side opposite to the solar cell portion 3 relative to the first portion 51. The second portion 52 can be considered to be a portion other than the first portion 51 of the supporting member 5. In other words, the second portion 52 is in a state of extending from the first portion 51 to the side opposite to the solar cell portion 3 in the same form as before from the filler 4 covering the first portion 51. More specifically, when viewed from above, the second portion 52 is located on the side opposite to the solar cell portion 3 (also referred to as the outside) relative to the first portion 51. The second portion 52 is arranged in a state of not being opposite to the second surface 1s of the first protective layer 1 and is not covered by the filler 4. Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 In the example shown in FIG. 1 , when viewed from above, the first portion 51 protrudes from the second portion 52 toward the outside of the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 2. In other words, the second portion 52 is not opposed to the first protective layer 1 in the Z direction. The second portion 52 is also not opposed to the second protective layer 2 in the Z direction. From another perspective, when viewed from above, the first portion 51 is located on the solar cell section 3 side (also referred to as the inner side) relative to the second portion 52.

[0096] exist Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 In the example of FIG, the support member 5 has a plate-like shape. More specifically, the support member 5 has a rectangular shape when viewed from above. Figure 2In the example, the XZ cross-section of the supporting member 5 also has a rectangular shape. The corners of the supporting member 5 can be appropriately chamfered. The long side direction of the supporting member 5 is, for example, arranged along one side of the first protective layer 1. Here, the long side direction of the supporting member 5 is the Y direction. In addition, the long side direction of the supporting member 5 is, for example, arranged along the direction in which two or more solar cell elements 31 are arranged in one solar cell string 30 (also referred to as the arrangement direction). Here, the arrangement direction of the plurality of solar cell elements 31 in one solar cell string 30 is the Y direction. From another point of view, the long side direction of the supporting member 5 is, for example, arranged along the long side direction of the first wiring member 32. Here, the long side direction of the first wiring member 32 is the Y direction.

[0097] In the first embodiment, the solar cell panel 10 includes two support members 5. The two support members 5 include a first support member 5 and a second support member 5. Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 In the example shown in FIG. 1 , the first supporting member 5 is located at the -X end of the solar cell panel 10, which is the fourth direction. The second supporting member 5 is located at the +X end of the solar cell panel 10, which is the second direction. In the first supporting member 5, the second portion 52 is provided on the -X side of the first portion 51, which is the fourth direction. In the second supporting member 5, the second portion 52 is provided on the +X side of the first portion 51, which is the second direction.

[0098] The first supporting member 5 is provided along the first side of the first protective layer 1. The first side is a side located at the end of the -X direction, which is the fourth direction, in the first protective layer 1. The second supporting member 5 is provided along the second side of the first protective layer 1. The second side is a side located at the end of the +X direction, which is the second direction, in the first protective layer 1. Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 In the example, the first side and the second side are respectively provided in a state extending along the Y direction. The two supporting members 5 respectively have a front and back surface of a rectangle with the long side direction being the Y direction and the short side direction being the X direction. The length of each supporting member 5 in the long side direction is, for example, the same as or approximately the same as the length of the first protective layer 1. The length (also referred to as the width) of each supporting member 5 in the short side direction is, for example, set to more than tens of mm. In each supporting member 5, the length (width) of the first part 51 in the short side direction is, for example, set to about 20% to 80% of the width of the supporting member 5. Thus, the supporting member 5 is bonded to the filling material 4 with a relatively high bonding strength. The thickness of each supporting member 5 is, for example, greater than the thickness of the solar cell portion 3. The thickness of each supporting member 5 is, for example, set to about 1 mm to 5 mm.

[0099] The second part 52 of the supporting member 5 is installed on a part (also referred to as an installation object part) such as a building material to be installed. For example, the second part 52 may have a mounting hole (not shown). The mounting hole is a hole (also referred to as a through hole) that passes through the second part 52 in the Z direction. In this case, a mounting component such as a screw, bolt or screw (also referred to as a mounting component) is inserted through the mounting hole, and the second part 52 can be combined with the installation object part through the mounting component. In other words, the solar cell panel 10 can be installed on the installation object part. Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 In the example, support members 5 are provided at the ends of the solar cell panel 10 in the -X direction, which is the fourth direction, and at the ends in the +X direction, which is the second direction. For this reason, the two support members 5 located at both ends of the solar cell panel 10 in the X direction can be fixed to the installation object. As a result, the solar cell panel 10 can be firmly mounted on the installation object. Therefore, the support member 5 has a function as a member (also referred to as an installation member) for mounting the solar cell panel 10 on the installation object. Therefore, by having the support member 5, the solar cell module 100 can be easily and stably fixed to the installation object.

[0100] Furthermore, in the first embodiment, the supporting member 5 is not primarily located on both sides of the solar cell panel 10 in the Y direction. More specifically, the supporting member 5 is not substantially located at the end portion (also referred to as the first end portion) E1 in the -Y direction and the end portion (also referred to as the second end portion) E2 in the +Y direction of the solar cell panel 10. The first end portion E1 and the second end portion E2 are ends along the X direction, respectively. For this reason, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown, by applying external force F1 to the support member 5, the solar cell panel 10 can bend in an arc shape when viewed along the +Y direction. For example, the solar cell panel 10 can bend along an arc with a radius of several hundred millimeters. Here, consider the case where the arc of several hundred millimeters is an arc of approximately 500 mm. This makes it easy to attach the solar cell panel 10 to a curved mounting surface.

[0101] <1-1-6. Shape of solar cell element>

[0102] like Figure 2 as well as Figure 3As shown in one or more of the figures, for example, in each of the plurality of solar cell elements 31 in the solar cell section 3, the first element surface 31f is curved into a convex shape. Furthermore, for example, in each of the plurality of solar cell elements 31 in the solar cell section 3, the second element surface 31s is curved into a concave shape. From another perspective, the plate-shaped solar cell elements 31 have a shape that is curved in a convex manner protruding toward the second surface 1s of the first protective layer 1. For example, the first element surface 31f and the second element surface 31s are each curved in an arc shape along a virtual arc with a radius of several hundred to several thousand millimeters.

[0103] Here, for example, a configuration is employed in which either the YZ cross section or the XZ cross section of the solar cell element 31 is curved in a convex shape protruding toward the second surface 1s. The YZ cross section of the solar cell element 31 is a virtual cross section of the solar cell element 31 taken along the -Y direction, which is the first direction, and the -Z direction, which is the third direction. The XZ cross section of the solar cell element 31 is a virtual cross section of the solar cell element 31 taken along the +X direction, which is the second direction, and the -Z direction, which is the third direction.

[0104] For example, Figure 2 As shown, the XZ cross-section of the first element surface 31f is curved in a convex shape protruding toward the second surface 1s, and the XZ cross-section of the second element surface 31s is curved in a concave shape toward the second surface 1s. The XZ cross-section of the first element surface 31f is a virtual cross-section of the first element surface 31f along the +X direction, which is the second direction, and the -Z direction, which is the third direction. The XZ cross-section of the second element surface 31s is a virtual cross-section of the second element surface 31s along the +X direction, which is the second direction, and the -Z direction, which is the third direction. In this case, for example, the first element surface 31f is curved in a convex shape along a first virtual arc surface. The first virtual arc surface is a virtual curved surface formed by extending an arc, which is curved in a convex shape protruding in the +Z direction, which is opposite to the -Z direction, which is the third direction, in the XZ plane, toward the -Y direction, which is the first direction. The XZ plane is a virtual plane extending along the +X direction (second direction) and the -Z direction (third direction). For example, the second element surface 31s is curved concavely along the second virtual arc surface. The second virtual arc surface is a virtual curved surface formed by extending an arc that is curved convexly in the +Z direction (opposite to the -Z direction (third direction)) in the XZ plane, toward the -Y direction (first direction). The second virtual arc surface is provided, for example, along the first virtual arc surface.

[0105] For example, Figure 3As shown in FIG2 , a configuration may be adopted in which the YZ cross section of the first element surface 31f is curved in a convex shape protruding toward the second surface 1s, and the YZ cross section of the second element surface 31s is curved in a concave shape toward the second surface 1s. In this case, for example, the first element surface 31f is curved in a convex shape along a third virtual arc surface. The third virtual arc surface is a virtual curved surface formed by extending an arc that is curved in a convex shape protruding in the +Z direction opposite to the -Z direction as the third direction in the YZ plane toward the +X direction as the second direction. The YZ plane is a virtual plane that extends along the -Y direction as the first direction and the -Z direction as the third direction. For example, the second element surface 31s is curved in a concave shape along the fourth virtual arc surface. The fourth virtual arc surface is a virtual curved surface formed by extending an arc that is curved in a convex shape and projects in the +Z direction, which is opposite to the -Z direction, which is the third direction, in the YZ plane, toward the +X direction, which is the second direction. The fourth virtual arc surface is provided, for example, along the third virtual arc surface.

[0106] Furthermore, for example, the solar cell element 31 may be configured such that both the YZ and XZ cross sections are curved in a convex shape protruding toward the second surface 1s. In this case, for example, the solar cell element 31 may be curved along a virtual spherical surface. More specifically, for example, the first element surface 31f may have a convex shape curved along a portion of the first virtual spherical surface, and the second element surface 31s may have a concave shape curved along a portion of the second virtual spherical surface. The second virtual spherical surface is, for example, arranged along the first virtual spherical surface. The radii of the first and second virtual spherical surfaces are each set to, for example, several hundred millimeters to several thousand millimeters.

[0107] <1-2. Characteristics of Solar Cell Modules>

[0108] In the first embodiment, the first protective layer 1 contains a light-transmitting resin. Therefore, for example, by reducing the thickness of the first protective layer 1, the weight of the solar cell module 100 can be reduced.

[0109] On the other hand, by reducing the thickness of the first protective layer 1 , when various objects such as falling objects and flying objects collide with the first protective layer 1 , the impact caused by the collision of the various objects is easily transmitted to the solar cell element 31 .

[0110] In contrast, in the first embodiment, in each of the plurality of solar cell elements 31 in the solar cell section 3, the first element surface 31f, which faces the second surface 1s of the first protective layer 1, is curved convexly. Furthermore, for example, in each of the plurality of solar cell elements 31 in the solar cell section 3, the second element surface 31s, which faces the side opposite the first element surface 31f, is curved concavely. From another perspective, the plate-shaped solar cell element 31 has a curved shape that follows the convex shape of the first protective layer 1, which protrudes toward the second surface 1s.

[0111] Here, for example, by bending the solar cell element 31 into a convex shape that protrudes toward the first protective layer 1, the impact on the solar cell element 31 can be mitigated when various objects such as falling objects and flying objects collide with the first protective layer 1. This makes it difficult for the solar cell element 31 to break, for example. In other words, the impact resistance of the solar cell element 31 can be improved. As a result, the power generation efficiency of the solar cell module 100 is less likely to decrease. Therefore, for example, it is possible to achieve both weight reduction and improved power generation efficiency in the solar cell module 100. In other words, it is possible to achieve both weight reduction and improved power generation efficiency in the solar cell module 100.

[0112] From another perspective, by bending the solar cell element 31 in a convex shape protruding toward the first protective layer 1, the impact resistance of the solar cell element 31 can be improved. Consequently, the thinning of the first protective layer 1 can contribute to a reduction in the weight of the solar cell module 100. As a result, for example, it is possible to achieve both weight reduction and improved power generation efficiency in the solar cell module 100.

[0113] <1-3. Specific Example of Method for Manufacturing Solar Cell Element>

[0114] refer to Figure 6 as well as Figures 8 to 12 An example of a method for manufacturing the solar cell element 31 will be described. For example, by preparing the semiconductor substrate 310, forming the textured structure, forming the second conductivity type region 310s, forming the passivation film 316, forming the anti-reflection film 317, forming the protective film 318, and forming the electrodes in the order described above, the solar cell element 31 can be manufactured.

[0115] Semiconductor Substrate Preparation

[0116] For example, Figure 8As shown, a semiconductor substrate 310 is prepared. The semiconductor substrate 310 has a first surface 310a and a second surface 310b on the opposite side of the first surface 310a. The semiconductor substrate 310 can be formed using, for example, an existing Czochralski (CZ) method or a casting method. Here, an example of using an ingot of p-type polycrystalline silicon as the first conductive type produced by a casting method is described. The ingot is sliced ​​into a desired thickness of, for example, 250 μm or less to produce the semiconductor substrate 310. Here, for example, by applying a slight amount of etching to the surface of the semiconductor substrate 310 with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or nitric acid, it is possible to remove a mechanically damaged layer or a contaminated layer at the cut surface of the semiconductor substrate 310.

[0117] The Formation of Textured Structures

[0118] For example, Figure 9 As shown, a structure having fine concavo-convex shapes (also referred to as a textured structure) is formed on the first surface 310a of the semiconductor substrate 310. The textured structure can be formed by wet or dry etching. Wet etching can be performed using, for example, an alkaline aqueous solution such as sodium hydroxide or an acidic aqueous solution such as nitric acid. Dry etching can be performed using, for example, reactive ion etching (RIE).

[0119] 《Formation of the Second Conductivity Type Region》

[0120] For example, Figure 10As shown, a region of n-type semiconductor, which is the second conductivity type, is formed on the textured first surface 310a of the semiconductor substrate 310. More specifically, a region of n-type semiconductor, which is the second conductivity type, is formed on the surface portion of the semiconductor substrate 310 on the textured first surface 310a side. The second conductivity type region 310s can be formed using, for example, a coating thermal diffusion method or a vapor phase thermal diffusion method. The coating thermal diffusion method, for example, utilizes a method in which phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) in a paste form is applied to the surface of the semiconductor substrate 310 and the phosphorus is thermally diffused. The vapor phase thermal diffusion method, for example, utilizes gaseous phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) as a diffusion source. Here, for example, if the second conductivity type region 310s is also formed on the second surface 310b side of the semiconductor substrate 310, the second conductivity type region 310s formed on the second surface 310b side is removed by etching using an aqueous solution of fluorinated nitric acid. Subsequently, for example, the phosphorus glass attached to the first surface 310a side of the semiconductor substrate 310 during the formation of the second conductivity type region 310s is removed by etching. Alternatively, for example, a diffusion mask may be pre-formed on the second surface 310b side of the semiconductor substrate 310, and the second conductivity type region 310s may be formed by vapor phase thermal diffusion or the like, followed by removal of the diffusion mask.

[0121] Formation of Passivation Film

[0122] For example, a passivation film 316 is formed at least on the second surface 310b of the semiconductor substrate 310. Figure 11 As shown, a passivation film 316 is formed on each of the second surface 310b and the first surface 310a of the semiconductor substrate 310. The passivation film 316 can be composed of, for example, a film mainly containing aluminum oxide.

[0123] The passivation film 316 can be formed, for example, by an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. According to the ALD method, the passivation film 316 can be formed all around the semiconductor substrate 310, including the end face. In the process of forming the passivation film 316 based on the ALD method, first, the semiconductor substrate 310 formed up to the second conductive type region 310s is placed in the chamber of the film forming apparatus. Then, while the semiconductor substrate 310 is heated from 100 degrees Celsius (100°C) to a temperature range of about 250 degrees Celsius (250°C), the following steps A to D are repeated multiple times to form a passivation film 316 mainly containing aluminum oxide. In this way, a passivation film 316 having a desired thickness is formed.

[0124] [Step A] An aluminum raw material such as trimethylaluminum (TMA) for forming aluminum oxide is supplied onto the semiconductor substrate 310 together with a carrier gas such as Ar gas or nitrogen gas. As a result, the aluminum raw material is adsorbed all around the semiconductor substrate 310. The time for supplying TMA is set to, for example, about 15 milliseconds to 3000 milliseconds. Here, at the start of step A, for example, the surface of the semiconductor substrate 310 is terminated with hydroxyl groups (OH groups). In this case, the surface of the semiconductor substrate 310 has a Si-OH structure. This structure can be formed, for example, by subjecting the semiconductor substrate 310 to a treatment with dilute hydrofluoric acid and a cleaning with pure water in the order described.

[0125] [Step B] The chamber of the film forming apparatus is purged with nitrogen gas. This step removes the aluminum raw material in the chamber, and also removes the aluminum raw material physically and chemically adsorbed on the semiconductor substrate 310, except for the components chemically adsorbed at the atomic level. The chamber purge time with nitrogen gas is set to, for example, about one second to several tens of seconds.

[0126] [Step C] An oxidizing agent, such as water or ozone gas, is supplied into the chamber of the film-forming apparatus. This removes the alkyl groups contained in TMA and replaces them with OH groups. This forms an atomic layer of aluminum oxide on the semiconductor substrate 310. The supply time of the oxidizing agent into the chamber is set to, for example, approximately 750 to 1100 milliseconds. For example, hydrogen can be supplied into the chamber along with the oxidizing agent to allow hydrogen atoms to be incorporated into the aluminum oxide.

[0127] [Step D] The chamber of the film forming apparatus is purged with nitrogen gas. This removes oxidants from the chamber. For example, oxidants that do not contribute to the formation of atomic-layer aluminum oxide on the semiconductor substrate 310 are removed. The chamber purge time with nitrogen gas is set to, for example, about 1 second to several tens of seconds.

[0128] 《Formation of Anti-reflection Film》

[0129] For example, Figure 11 As shown, an anti-reflection film 317 is formed on the passivation film 316. The anti-reflection film 317 can be formed of, for example, a silicon nitride film or the like.

[0130] The anti-reflection film 317 can be formed using, for example, a plasma CVD (plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition: PECVD) method or a sputtering method. When the PECVD method is used, the semiconductor substrate 310 is preheated to a temperature higher than the temperature during the formation of the anti-reflection film 317. Thereafter, the reaction pressure is set to about 50 Pascals (Pa) to 200 Pa, and a mixed gas of silane and ammonia diluted with nitrogen gas is decomposed into plasma by glow discharge and deposited on the heated semiconductor substrate 310. Thus, the anti-reflection film 317 is formed on the semiconductor substrate 310. Here, the film formation temperature is set to about 350°C to 650°C, and the pre-heating temperature of the semiconductor substrate 310 is set to about 50°C higher than the film formation temperature. As the frequency of the high-frequency power supply required for glow discharge, a frequency of about 10 kilohertz (kHz) to 500 kHz is used. The gas flow rate is appropriately determined according to the size of the reaction chamber, etc. For example, the gas flow rate is set to a range of about 150 ml / min to 6000 ml / min. Here, the value (B / A) obtained by dividing the flow rate B of the ammonia gas by the flow rate A of the silane gas is set to a range of 0.5 to 1.5.

[0131] Formation of protective film

[0132] For example, Figure 12 As shown, a protective film 318 having a desired pattern is formed on the passivation film 316, at least on the second surface 310b side of the semiconductor substrate 310. The desired pattern includes a large number of through-holes, etc. The protective film 318 can be formed, for example, by a wet or dry process. Wet processes, for example, employ solutions such as coating. Dry processes, for example, employ processes such as PECVD or sputtering.

[0133] For example, in the case of a wet process using solution coating, a solution is applied to the passivation film 316 in a desired pattern at least on the second surface 310b side of the semiconductor substrate 310, and then the solution is dried to form a protective film 318. The desired pattern includes many through holes. Here, as the solution, for example, an insulating paste is used. As the insulating paste, for example, a silicone resin that becomes the raw material of the protective film 318, or an insulating paste containing an organic solvent and a variety of fillers is used. The silicone resin is a silicone compound having a silicone bond (Si-O-Si bond). For example, the silicone resin is a low-molecular-weight resin with a molecular weight of less than 15,000, which is generated by hydrolyzing and condensing alkoxysilane or silazane. The solution can be applied using, for example, a screen printing method. The solution after application can be dried using, for example, a baking tray or a drying oven.

[0134] Electrode Formation

[0135] For example, Figure 6 As shown, electrodes including a first electrode 311 , a second electrode 312 , a third electrode 313 , and a fourth electrode 314 are formed.

[0136] Here, for example, a material for forming the first electrode 311 and the second electrode 312 (also referred to as a first electrode material) is arranged in a desired pattern on the first surface 310a of the semiconductor substrate 310. More specifically, for example, the first electrode material is arranged in a desired pattern on the anti-reflection film 317 formed on the first surface 310a. The first electrode material is then heated to form the first electrode 311 and the second electrode 312. The fifth electrode 315 may be formed together with the second electrode 312.

[0137] In the first embodiment, for example, silver paste is used as the first electrode material. In this case, the first electrode material is disposed by, for example, applying the silver paste. Application of the silver paste can be achieved, for example, by screen printing. The applied silver paste can be dried at a predetermined temperature to evaporate the solvent in the silver paste. The silver paste is then fired in a firing furnace, for example, at a maximum temperature of approximately 600°C to 850°C for a heating time of several tens of seconds to several tens of minutes. This forms the first electrode 311 and the second electrode 312.

[0138] Here, for example, a material for forming the third electrode 313 and the fourth electrode 314 (also referred to as a second electrode material) is arranged in a desired pattern on the second surface 310b side of the semiconductor substrate 310. More specifically, for example, a material for forming the third electrode 313 and the fourth electrode 314 (also referred to as a second electrode material) is arranged on the protective film 318, within the numerous through-holes of the protective film 318, and within the numerous holes of the protective film 318. The second electrode material is then heated to form the third electrode 313 and the fourth electrode 314.

[0139] In the first embodiment, for example, silver paste and aluminum paste are used as the second electrode material. In this case, the second electrode material is disposed by, for example, applying silver paste and aluminum paste, respectively. Application of the silver paste and aluminum paste is accomplished, for example, by screen printing. Here, for example, silver paste is applied in a desired pattern on the second surface 310b of the semiconductor substrate 310. More specifically, for example, silver paste is applied on the passivation film 316 exposed through the multiple holes in the protective film 318. Furthermore, for example, aluminum paste is applied in a desired pattern on the second surface 310b of the semiconductor substrate 310, contacting a portion of the applied silver paste. More specifically, for example, aluminum paste is applied on the protective film 318 on the second surface 310b, within the multiple through-holes of the protective film 318, and onto a portion of the applied silver paste. The solvents in the silver and aluminum pastes can be evaporated by drying the applied silver and aluminum pastes at a predetermined temperature. Afterwards, for example, the silver paste and the aluminum paste are fired in a firing furnace at a maximum temperature of about 600°C to 850°C and a heating time of about tens of seconds to tens of minutes. This allows the third electrode 313 and the fourth electrode 314 to be formed. On the fired aluminum paste, the aluminum paste disposed in the numerous through-holes of the protective film 318 burns through the passivation film 316 (also called burn-through), forming a BSF region 310t on the surface of the first conductive region 310f. For example, the third electrode 313 and the fourth electrode 314 can be formed simultaneously, the fourth electrode 314 can be formed after the third electrode 313 is formed, or the third electrode 313 can be formed after the fourth electrode 314 is formed.

[0140] Here, for example, the first electrode 311 , the second electrode 312 , the third electrode 313 , and the fourth electrode 314 may be formed by applying respective metal pastes and then firing them simultaneously.

[0141] However, for example, the linear expansion coefficient of silicon, which is the main component of the semiconductor substrate 310, is 2.60×10 -6 [1 / °C]. For example, the linear expansion coefficient of silver, which is the main component of the first electrode 311, the second electrode 312, the third electrode 313, and the fifth electrode 315, is 1.89×10 -5 [1 / °C]. For example, the linear expansion coefficient of aluminum, which is the main component of the fourth electrode 314, is 2.31×10 -5[1 / °C]. In other words, the linear expansion coefficients of silver and aluminum are greater than that of silicon, and there is no significant difference between the linear expansion coefficients of aluminum and silver. Therefore, in the process of forming the first electrode 311, the second electrode 312, the third electrode 313, the fourth electrode 314, and the fifth electrode 315 by firing the silver paste and the aluminum paste (also referred to as the electrode formation process), during cooling, the first electrode 311, the second electrode 312, the third electrode 313, the fourth electrode 314, and the fifth electrode 315 shrink more than the semiconductor substrate 310.

[0142] In addition, for example, Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 As shown, the area occupied by the third electrode 313 and the fourth electrode 314 when viewed from above the second element surface 31s is significantly larger than the area occupied by the first electrode 311, the second electrode 312, and the fifth electrode 315 when viewed from above the first element surface 31f. In particular, for example, the area occupied by the fourth electrode 314 when viewed from above the second element surface 31s is significantly larger than the area occupied by the first electrode 311, the second electrode 312, and the fifth electrode 315 when viewed from above the first element surface 31f. Therefore, during cooling during the electrode formation process, the larger fourth electrode 314 contracts, causing warpage in the solar cell element 31, with the first element surface 31f curving convexly and the second element surface 31s curving concavely. Consequently, it is possible to manufacture a solar cell element 31 in which the first element surface 31f is curved convexly and the second element surface 31s is curved concavely.

[0143] <1-4. Specific Example of Method for Manufacturing Solar Cell Module>

[0144] refer to Figure 13 as well as Figure 14 An example of a method for manufacturing the solar cell module 100 according to the first embodiment will be described.

[0145] First, prepare the first protective layer 1. For example, a film made of a resin having a rectangular front and back surface and being light-transmitting and weather-resistant is prepared as the first protective layer 1. Fluorine-based resins, for example, are used as light-transmitting and weather-resistant resins. Fluorine-based resins, for example, FEP, ETFE, or ECTFE are used. For example, the second surface 1s, which is a single surface of the first protective layer 1, is subjected to a surface activation treatment such as corona treatment or plasma treatment. This improves the adhesion between the first protective layer 1 and the filler 4 during the lamination process described later.

[0146] Next, for example, Figure 13 as well as Figure 14As shown, the first protective layer 1 , the first sheet 41 s , the solar cell portion 3 and the supporting member 5 , the second sheet 42 s , and the second protective layer 2 are stacked in this order to form a stacked body 10 s .

[0147] In the stacked body 10s, the solar cell section 3 is located between two support members 5. More specifically, in the stacked body 10s, the first support member 5, the solar cell section 3, and the second support member 5 are arranged with a gap in the X direction. In the stacked body 10s, for example, the portion of the third wiring member 34 of the solar cell section 3 that is used for connection to a terminal box or the like outside the solar cell panel 10 is arranged so as to be led out of the stacked body 10s.

[0148] The first sheet 41s is a resin sheet that serves as the material of the first filling material 41. The material of the resin sheet is, for example, EVA. In the laminate 10s, the first sheet 41s is located between the first protective layer 1 and the solar cell section 3, and between the first protective layer 1 and the supporting member 5. In other words, in the laminate 10s, the first sheet 41s is located on the first protective layer 1, and the solar cell section 3 and the supporting member 5 are located on the first sheet 41s. When viewed from above, the first sheet 41s has a rectangular shape. In the laminate 10s, the first sheet 41s may include, for example: a portion with a small thickness located between the first protective layer 1 and the supporting member 5 (also referred to as a first sheet portion); and a portion with a large thickness located at least partially between the two supporting members 5 (also referred to as a second sheet portion). The first sheet 41s may be composed of a single sheet, or may have a structure in which two or more sheets are stacked. For example, a configuration can be adopted in which the first sheet portion is composed of a single sheet, and the second sheet portion is composed of two or more sheets stacked together.

[0149] The second sheet 42s is a resin sheet that serves as the material of the second filler 42. The material of the resin sheet is, for example, EVA. The second sheet 42s may contain a pigment. In the laminate 10s, the second sheet 42s is located between the second protective layer 2 and the solar cell portion 3 and between the second protective layer 2 and the supporting member 5. In other words, in the laminate 10s, both ends of the second sheet 42s are respectively arranged in a state facing the supporting member 5. When viewed from above, the second sheet 42s has a rectangular shape. In the laminate 10s, the second sheet 42s may include, for example: a portion with a small thickness located between the second protective layer 2 and the supporting member 5 (also referred to as a third sheet portion); and a portion with a large thickness located at least partially between the two supporting members 5 (also referred to as a fourth sheet portion). The second sheet 42s may be composed of a single sheet or may have a structure in which two or more sheets are stacked. For example, a configuration can be adopted in which the third sheet portion is composed of a single sheet, and the fourth sheet portion is composed of two or more sheets stacked together.

[0150] In the laminated body 10s, the second protective layer 2 is located on the second sheet member 42s.

[0151] Next, for example, a lamination process is performed on the stack 10s. In this lamination process, for example, a laminating device (also referred to as a laminator) is used to integrate the stack 10s. For example, in the laminator, the stack 10s is placed on a heating plate in a chamber, the air pressure in the chamber is reduced from 50 Pascals (Pa) to about 150 Pa, and the stack 10s is heated from 100°C to about 200°C. Here, the first sheet 41s and the second sheet 42s are heated to a state where they can flow to a certain extent. In this state, in the chamber, the stack 10s is pressed in the +Z direction using a pressing body such as a diaphragm, thereby integrating the stack 10s. In this way, the solar cell panel 10 can be manufactured.

[0152] After the lamination process, a terminal box or the like may be appropriately attached to the solar cell panel 10. In this case, for example, a portion of the third wiring member 34 extending from the solar cell section 3 to the outside of the solar cell panel 10 is appropriately connected to the terminals within the terminal box. This allows the solar cell module 100 according to the first embodiment to be manufactured.

[0153] In the above example, the solar cell panel 10 including the support member 5 can be manufactured by lamination. Therefore, compared with a structure in which an external frame (not shown) is attached to the solar cell panel 10 by screws or the like instead of the support member 5, the solar cell panel 10 and the solar cell module 100 can be manufactured more easily.

[0154] <1-5. Summary of First Embodiment>

[0155] In the solar cell module 100 according to the first embodiment, for example, the first protective layer 1 contains a light-transmitting resin. For this reason, for example, by reducing the thickness of the first protective layer 1, the solar cell module 100 can be reduced in weight. In addition, for example, in each of the plurality of solar cell elements 31 of the solar cell section 3, the first element surface 31f is curved into a convex shape, and the second element surface 31s is curved into a concave shape. For this reason, for example, by bending the solar cell element 31 in a convex shape protruding toward the first protective layer 1, the impact on the solar cell element 31 can be mitigated when various objects such as falling objects and flying objects collide with the first protective layer 1. As a result, for example, the solar cell element 31 is less likely to break. As a result, the power generation efficiency in the solar cell module 100 is less likely to decrease. Therefore, the solar cell module 100 can be reduced in weight and improved in power generation efficiency.

[0156] <1-6. Number of Solar Cell Elements Arranged>

[0157] exist Figure 1 In the example, the number of solar cell elements 31 arranged along the X direction (also referred to as the arrangement number) is 2, which is an even number. In other words, the number of solar cell elements 31 arranged along the direction perpendicular to the long side direction of the support member 5 is an even number. In addition, the widths of the solar cell elements 31 in the X direction are the same or approximately the same as each other. For this reason, there is no solar cell element 31 in the center of the solar cell panel 10 in the X direction. In other words, the center of the solar cell panel 10 in the X direction corresponds to the portion between two adjacent solar cell elements 31 in the X direction.

[0158] However, for example, in Figure 7 When the solar cell panel 10 is bent by the external force F1 as shown, a relatively large stress is applied to the center of the solar cell panel 10 in the X direction. Furthermore, for example, when the support member 5 is attached to the mounting target, a load may be applied to the solar cell panel 10 by snow or the like on the front surface 10f of the solar cell panel 10. In this case, the solar cell panel 10 may also bend in an arc shape when viewed along the +Y direction. Consequently, a relatively large stress is applied to the center of the solar cell panel 10 in the X direction.

[0159] In contrast, in Figure 1 In the example shown, no solar cell element 31 is located at the center of the solar cell panel 10 in the X direction. Therefore, even when an external force F1 or a load such as accumulated snow is applied to the solar cell panel 10, causing it to bend, the stress applied to each solar cell element 31 is relatively small. Consequently, for example, the solar cell element 31 is less likely to break. Consequently, the power generation efficiency of the solar cell module 100 is less likely to decrease.

[0160] <2. Other Implementation Methods>

[0161] The present disclosure is not limited to the above-described first embodiment, and various changes and improvements can be made without departing from the gist of the disclosure.

[0162] <2-1. Second embodiment>

[0163] <2-1-1. Solar cell module>

[0164] In the first embodiment described above, for example, Figure 15 as well as Figure 16As shown in one or more of the figures, the first surface 1f can be curved into a convex shape along the first element surface 31f of each of the plurality of solar cell elements 31 of the solar cell section 3. The phrase "the first surface 1f is curved into a convex shape along the first element surface 31f" is not limited to a configuration in which the curvature of the first surface 1f is the same as the curvature of the first element surface 31f, but also includes a configuration in which the curvature of the first surface 1f and the curvature of the first element surface 31f are slightly different.

[0165] For example, when the solar cell module 100 is used outdoors for power generation, it is installed with the first surface 1f facing upward or diagonally upward. In the second embodiment, for example, the first surface 1f is curved convexly along the solar cell elements 31. This allows rainwater to flow easily along the convex first surface 1f, making it less likely for rainwater to accumulate in the area of ​​the first surface 1f above the solar cell elements 31. This reduces the amount of rainwater that needs to be dried in the area of ​​the first surface 1f above the solar cell elements 31. As a result, for example, dust, dirt, and other substances contained in rainwater are less likely to adhere to the area of ​​the first surface 1f above the solar cell elements 31. In other words, for example, the area of ​​the first surface 1f above the solar cell elements 31 is less likely to become dirty. Consequently, for example, sunlight is less likely to be blocked by dirt on the first surface 1f from entering the solar cell elements 31. Consequently, for example, the power generation efficiency of the solar cell module 100 can be improved.

[0166] In the second embodiment, for example, a configuration is adopted in which the portion of the first surface 1 f along the first element surface 31 f is curved in an arc shape along a virtual arc having a radius of approximately several hundred mm to several thousand mm.

[0167] Here, for example, a configuration is employed in which either a YZ cross section or an XZ cross section of a portion of the first surface 1f along the first element surface 31f is curved in a convex shape extending in a direction away from the first element surface 31f. In the present disclosure, the principle direction from the first element surface 31f can be, for example, a direction from the first element surface 31f toward the second surface 1s, or a +Z direction opposite to the -Z direction, which is the third direction. The YZ cross section of the portion of the first surface 1f along the first element surface 31f is a virtual cross section along the -Y direction, which is the first direction, and the -Z direction, which is the third direction, respectively, with respect to the portion of the first surface 1f along the first element surface 31f. The XZ cross section of the portion of the first surface 1f along the first element surface 31f is a virtual cross section along the +X direction, which is the second direction, and the -Z direction, which is the third direction, respectively, with respect to the portion of the first surface 1f along the first element surface 31f.

[0168] For example, Figure 15 As shown in FIG. 1 , the XZ cross section of the portion of the first surface 1f along the first element surface 31f is curved in a convex shape extending away from the first element surface 31f. In this case, for example, the portion of the first surface 1f along the first element surface 31f is curved in a convex shape along a fifth virtual arc surface. The fifth virtual arc surface is a virtual curved surface formed by extending an arc curved in a convex shape extending in the +Z direction, which is opposite to the -Z direction, serving as the third direction, in the XZ plane, toward the -Y direction, serving as the first direction.

[0169] For example, Figure 16 As shown in FIG. 1 , the YZ cross section of the portion of the first surface 1f that extends along the first element surface 31f is curved in a convex shape extending away from the first element surface 31f. In this case, for example, the portion of the first surface 1f that extends along the first element surface 31f is curved in a convex shape along a sixth virtual arc surface. The sixth virtual arc surface is a virtual curved surface formed by extending an arc that extends in a convex shape in the +Z direction, which is opposite to the -Z direction, which is the third direction, in the YZ plane, toward the +X direction, which is the second direction.

[0170] Alternatively, for example, a configuration may be employed in which both the YZ cross section and the XZ cross section of the portion of the first surface 1f along the first element surface 31f are curved in a convex shape extending away from the first element surface 31f. In this case, for example, the portion of the first surface 1f along the first element surface 31f may be curved along a virtual spherical surface. More specifically, for example, the portion of the first surface 1f along the first element surface 31f may have a convex shape curved along a portion of a third virtual spherical surface. The radius of the third virtual spherical surface is set, for example, to be approximately several hundred millimeters to several thousand millimeters.

[0171] <2-1-2. Specific Example of Method for Manufacturing Solar Cell Module>

[0172] refer to Figure 17 as well as Figure 18 An example of a method for manufacturing the solar cell module 100 according to the second embodiment will be described.

[0173] Here, for example, based on the manufacturing method of the solar cell module 100 according to the first embodiment, Figure 17 as well as Figure 18 As shown, the first protective layer 1 , the first sheet 41 s , the solar cell unit 3 and the support member 5 , the second sheet 42 s , and the second protective layer 2 are stacked on the base member 400 in this order to form a stacked body 10 s .

[0174] The base member 400 is a member that acts as a mold for realizing a desired convex shape on the first surface 1f when performing a lamination process on the stacked body 10s. The base member 400 is, for example, a plate-shaped member having a flat lower surface 400b and an upper surface 400u having a desired concave and convex pattern. The upper surface 400u has, for example, a concave portion 400r. Figure 17 as well as Figure 18 In the example shown, the upper surface 400u has a plurality of recesses 400r. The recesses 400r have a concave shape corresponding to the convex shape of the first surface 1f formed by the lamination process. The base member 400 can be made of, for example, glass or metal. The base member 400 can be manufactured using various processing methods, such as dissolving a glass plate with a chemical solution or grinding or polishing a glass or metal plate.

[0175] When laminating the laminate 10s, for example, a heating plate in a chamber of a laminator is used. Figure 18 The base member 400 carrying the stacked body 10s is placed as shown. In this state, the air pressure in the chamber of the laminator is reduced while the stacked body 10s is heated, and the stacked body 10s is pressed in the +Z direction by a pressing member such as a film. In this way, the stacked body 10s is integrated. Here, the first protective layer 1 is deformed according to the unevenness of the upper surface 400u in the base member 400, and the first sheet 41s and the second sheet 42s flow. As a result, the first protective layer 1 is in a state of having a first surface 1f that is curved into a convex shape along the first element surface 31f of each of the plurality of solar cell elements 31. As a result, the solar cell panel 10 involved in the second embodiment can be manufactured. In addition, for example, by installing the terminal box on the solar cell panel 10 and connecting a part of the third wiring member 34 to the terminals in the terminal box, the solar cell module 100 involved in the second embodiment can be manufactured.

[0176] <2-2. Third embodiment>

[0177] <2-2-1. Solar cell module>

[0178] In the first embodiment described above, for example, Figures 19 to 21As shown, when viewing the first surface 1f from above, the first surface 1f may have a first area A1 and a second area A2, and may have one or more linear recesses 1t located in the second area A2. When viewing the first surface 1f from above, the first area A1 is the area of ​​the first surface 1f that is located above the plurality of solar cell elements 31. In other words, when viewing the solar cell module 100 from above the first surface 1f, the first area A1 is the area of ​​the first surface 1f that overlaps with the plurality of solar cell elements 31. When viewing the first surface 1f from above, the second area A2 is a different area from the first area A1. From a perspective, when viewing the first surface 1f from above, the second area A2 is the area of ​​the first surface 1f that is not located above the plurality of solar cell elements 31. In other words, when viewing the solar cell module 100 from above the first surface 1f, the second area A2 is the area of ​​the first surface 1f that does not overlap with the plurality of solar cell elements 31. The linear recess 1t is, for example, a slender linear recess. The slender linear recess is not limited to a straight-line recess, and may also be curved. The linear recess is recessed toward the filling material 4 side with the first area A1 as a reference. In other words, the linear recess 1t is recessed toward the -Z direction, which is the third direction, with the first area A1 as a reference. The depth of the linear recess 1t with the first area A1 as a reference is set to, for example, about 0.1 mm to 2 mm. Figure 19 as well as Figure 21 , as an example of a solar cell module 100 according to a third embodiment, an example in which one or more linear recessed portions 1 t are added to the solar cell module 100 according to the first embodiment is shown.

[0179] For example, when the solar cell module 100 is used outdoors for power generation, it can be installed with the first surface 1f facing diagonally upward. Specifically, for example, the solar cell module 100 can be installed with the first end E1 located diagonally downward and the second end E2 located diagonally upward. In the solar cell module 100 according to the third embodiment, for example, the first surface 1f includes one or more linear recesses 1t disposed away from above the plurality of solar cell elements 31. This allows rainwater to flow easily through the one or more linear recesses 1t on the first surface 1f, making it less likely for rainwater to accumulate in the first area A1 on the first surface 1f, which is located above the solar cell elements 31. This reduces the amount of rainwater that dries in the first area A1 on the first surface 1f. As a result, for example, dust, dirt, and other particles contained in rainwater are less likely to adhere to the first area A1 on the first surface 1f. In other words, for example, in the first area A1 of the first surface 1f, the first surface 1f of the solar cell module 100 is less likely to become dirty. Consequently, for example, sunlight incident on the solar cell element 31 is less likely to be blocked by dirt on the first surface 1f. Consequently, for example, the power generation efficiency of the solar cell module 100 can be improved.

[0180] Here, for example, when the first surface 1f is viewed from above, a structure in which one or more linear recesses 1t are provided along the gaps between the plurality of solar cell elements 31 can be employed. Furthermore, for example, when the first surface 1f is viewed from above, a structure in which one or more linear recesses 1t are provided along the outer periphery of the solar cell elements 31, avoiding the first area A1 above the plurality of solar cell elements 31 can be employed. For example, the one or more linear recesses 1t can include a first linear recess 1t1 and a second linear recess 1t2 connected to the first linear recess 1t1.

[0181] The first linear recess 1t1 is a slender linear recess provided in the first gap G1 along the +X direction, which is the second direction. The first gap G1 is the gap between two solar cell elements 31 arranged in the -Y direction, which is the first direction. More specifically, when viewed from above, the gap (first gap) G1 between two solar cell elements 31 arranged adjacent to each other in the -Y direction, which is the first direction, is provided along the +X direction, which is the second direction. In other words, the first gap G1 has a longitudinal direction along the +X direction, which is the second direction. When the first protective layer 1 is viewed from above, the first linear recess 1t1 is provided in the first gap G1 along the longitudinal direction of the first gap G1. In other words, when the first protective layer 1 is viewed from above, the first linear recess 1t1 is provided in the first gap G1 along the +X direction, which is the second direction. The first linear recess 1t1 forms a groove provided along the +X direction, which is the second direction, on the first surface 1f. The depth of the first linear recess 1 t 1 based on the first area A 1 is set to, for example, approximately 0.1 mm to 2 mm.

[0182] exist Figures 19 to 21 In the example, for two or more solar cell elements 31 in each solar cell string 30, a first gap G1 is provided between two solar cell elements 31 arranged adjacent to each other in the -Y direction, which is the first direction. More specifically, there are five first gaps G1 for each of the six solar cell elements 31 in the solar cell string 30. Furthermore, there are five first linear recesses 1t1 for each solar cell string 30. Figures 19 to 21 In the example of , the two first linear recesses 1t1 located on the two first gaps G1 arranged in the +X direction as the second direction are connected. As a result, the two first linear recesses 1t1 located on the two first gaps G1 arranged in the +X direction as the second direction constitute a linear recess provided along the +X direction as the second direction. In other words, Figures 19 to 21 In the example of , five linear concave portions are respectively provided along the +X direction which is the second direction, and these five linear concave portions are arranged in the -Y direction which is the first direction.

[0183] The second linear recess 1t2 is a slender linear recess provided along the -Y direction, which is the first direction. For example, the second linear recess 1t2 is provided on the second gap G2 along the -Y direction, which is the first direction. The second gap G2 is the gap between two solar cell elements 31 arranged in the +X direction, which is the second direction. More specifically, when viewed from above, the gap (second gap) G2 between two solar cell elements 31 arranged adjacent to each other in the +X direction, which is the second direction, is provided along the -Y direction, which is the first direction. In other words, the second gap G2 has a long side direction along the -Y direction, which is the first direction. When the first protective layer 1 is viewed from above, the second linear recess 1t2 is provided on the second gap G2 along the long side direction of the second gap G2. In other words, when the first protective layer 1 is viewed from above, the second linear recess 1t2 is provided on the second gap G2 along the -Y direction, which is the first direction. The second linear recess 1t2 forms a groove extending along the -Y direction, which is the first direction, on the first surface 1f. The depth of the second linear recess 1t2 based on the first area A1 is set to, for example, approximately 0.1 mm to 2 mm.

[0184] The second gap G2 may be, for example, a gap between two solar cell strings 30 that are adjacently arranged in the +X direction, which is the second direction. Figures 19 to 21 In the example of , one second gap G2 exists between two solar cell strings 30. Furthermore, one second linear recess 1t2 exists between two adjacent solar cell strings 30.

[0185] In addition, for example, the second linear recess 1t2 is provided on the third gap G3 along the -Y direction, which is the first direction. The third gap G3 is a gap between the support member 5 and the solar cell section 3, which are arranged in the +X direction, which is the second direction. More specifically, when viewed from above, the gap (third gap) G3 between the support member 5 and the solar cell section 3, which are arranged in the +X direction, which is the second direction, is provided along the -Y direction, which is the first direction. In other words, the third gap G3 has a long side direction along the -Y direction, which is the first direction. When the first protective layer 1 is viewed from above, the second linear recess 1t2 is provided on the third gap G3 along the long side direction of the third gap G3. In other words, when the first protective layer 1 is viewed from above, the second linear recess 1t2 is provided on the third gap G3 along the -Y direction, which is the first direction. The second linear recess 1t2 constitutes a groove provided on the first surface 1f along the -Y direction, which is the first direction.

[0186] exist Figures 19 to 21In the example, there is a second linear recess 1t2 in the first to third gaps G3 between the first supporting member 5 and the solar cell section 3 arranged in the +X direction as the second direction. In addition, there is a second linear recess 1t2 in the second to third gaps G3 between the solar cell section 3 and the second supporting member 5 arranged in the +X direction as the second direction. Figures 19 to 21 In the example of , three second linear recesses 1t2 are arranged in the +X direction which is the second direction.

[0187] Furthermore, for example, the second linear recess 1t2 is in contact with two or more first linear recesses 1t1. Figures 19 to 21 In the example, the second linear recess 1t2 is connected to each of the five first linear recesses 1t1 arranged in the -Y direction, which is the first direction. More specifically, the three second linear recesses 1t2 are connected to each of the five first linear recesses 1t1 arranged in the -Y direction, which is the first direction. Here, the plurality of first linear recesses 1t1 and the plurality of second linear recesses 1t2 are connected in a cross-shaped pattern to form a grid-like groove. More specifically, the five first linear recesses 1t1 and the three second linear recesses 1t2 are connected in a cross-shaped pattern to form a grid-like groove.

[0188] For example, when the solar cell module 100 is used outdoors for power generation, it can be installed with the first surface 1f facing diagonally upward. Specifically, for example, the solar cell module 100 can be installed with the first end E1 facing diagonally downward and the second end E2 facing diagonally upward. As described above, for example, if the linear recess 1t of the first surface 1f includes a first linear recess 1t1 and a second linear recess 1t2 connected to the first linear recess 1t1, rainwater flowing from above the solar cell element 31 onto the first linear recess 1t1 on the first surface 1f tends to flow along the first linear recess 1t1 and the second linear recess 1t2. Consequently, for example, by rainwater flowing along one or more linear recesses 1t, rainwater is less likely to reach the first area A1 of the first surface 1f, and drainage of rainwater from the first surface 1f is facilitated. As a result, for example, the amount of rainwater dried on the first area A1 of the first surface 1f is further reduced, and dust and mud contained in the rainwater are less likely to adhere to the first area A1 of the first surface 1f. Therefore, for example, the power generation efficiency of the solar cell module 100 can be further improved.

[0189] More specifically, for example, Figure 22As shown, along the path indicated by the two-dot chain arrow, rainwater flowing from above the solar cell element 31 onto the first linear recess 1t1 flows along the first linear recess 1t1, easily flows into the second linear recess 1t2, and easily flows along the second linear recess 1t2. Figure 22 In FIG, an example of a path of rainwater flow on the first surface 1f is schematically shown by a two-dot chain arrow. Figure 22 In order to avoid complicating the drawing, the solar cell section 3 is omitted from the drawing, and the outer edges of the plurality of solar cell elements 31 are depicted with thin dotted lines.

[0190] For example, if the second linear recess 1t2 extends to the edge 1e of the first surface 1f in the -Y direction, which is the first direction, the drainage of rainwater from the first surface 1f can be further promoted by the flow of rainwater along the second linear recess 1t2. This further reduces the amount of rainwater that dries in the first area A1 of the first surface 1f, making it less likely that dust, dirt, or the like contained in the rainwater will adhere to the first area A1 of the first surface 1f. Consequently, for example, the power generation efficiency of the solar cell module 100 can be further improved.

[0191] Here, for example, when the first surface 1f is viewed from above, the corner formed by the first linear recess 1t1 and the second linear recess 1t2 may be rounded or chamfered. For example, the corner may be formed along the chamfered corners of the solar cell element 31. In this case, for example, rainwater easily flows from the first linear recess 1t1 to the second linear recess 1t2.

[0192] Here, for example, the second linear recess 1t2 may not extend to the edge 1e of the first surface 1f in the -Y direction, which is the first direction. In this case, for example, rainwater flowing along the second linear recess 1t2 is more likely to avoid the first area A1 on the first surface 1f. This can reduce the amount of rainwater drying in the first area A1 of the first surface 1f.

[0193] <2-2-2. Specific Example of Method for Manufacturing Solar Cell Module>

[0194] refer to Figure 23 as well as Figure 24 An example of a method for manufacturing the solar cell module 100 according to the third embodiment will be described.

[0195] Here, for example, based on the manufacturing method of the solar cell module 100 according to the first embodiment, Figure 23 as well as Figure 24As shown, the first protective layer 1 , the first sheet 41 s , the solar cell portion 3 and the support member 5 , the second sheet 42 s , and the second protective layer 2 are stacked on the base member 500 in this order to form a stacked body 10 s .

[0196] The base member 500 is a member that functions as a mold for forming one or more linear recesses 1t of a desired pattern on the first surface 1f when laminating the laminate 10s. The base member 500 is, for example, a plate-shaped member having a flat lower surface 500b and an upper surface 500u having a desired pattern of recesses and protrusions. The upper surface 500u has, for example, a protrusion 500c. Figure 23 as well as Figure 24 In the example shown, the upper surface 500u has a plurality of protrusions 500c. The protrusions 500c have a convex shape corresponding to the shape of one or more linear recesses 1t formed by the lamination process. The base member 500 can be made of, for example, glass or metal. The base member 500 can be manufactured using various processing methods, such as dissolving a glass plate with a chemical solution, or grinding or polishing a glass or metal plate.

[0197] When the laminate 10s is subjected to lamination, for example, on a heating plate in a chamber of a laminator, Figure 24 The base member 500 carrying the stacked body 10s is placed as shown. In this state, the air pressure in the chamber of the laminator is reduced while the stacked body 10s is heated, and the stacked body 10s is pressed in the +Z direction by a pressing member such as a diaphragm. In this way, the stacked body 10s is integrated. Here, the first protective layer 1 is deformed in accordance with the unevenness of the upper surface 500u in the base member 500, and the first sheet 41s and the second sheet 42s flow. As a result, in the first protective layer 1, the first surface 1f is in a state where there are one or more linear recesses 1t. As a result, the solar cell panel 10 involved in the third embodiment can be manufactured. In addition, for example, the solar cell module 100 involved in the third embodiment can be manufactured by installing the terminal box on the solar cell panel 10 and connecting a part of the third wiring member 34 to the terminal in the terminal box.

[0198] <2-3. Fourth embodiment>

[0199] <2-3-1. Solar cell module>

[0200] In the third embodiment described above, for example, Figure 25 as well as Figure 26As shown in one or more of the figures, the first surface 1f can be curved into a convex shape along the first element surface 31f of each of the plurality of solar cell elements 31. In other words, each first area A1 of the first surface 1f can be curved into a convex shape along the first element surface 31f. Furthermore, the phrase "the first area A1 of the first surface 1f is curved into a convex shape along the first element surface 31f" is not limited to a configuration in which the curvature of the first area A1 of the first surface 1f is the same as the curvature of the first element surface 31f, but also includes a configuration in which the curvature of the first area A1 of the first surface 1f and the curvature of the first element surface 31f are slightly different.

[0201] For example, when the solar cell module 100 is used outdoors for power generation, it can be installed with the first surface 1f facing diagonally upward. Specifically, for example, the solar cell module 100 can be installed with the first end E1 located diagonally downward and the second end E2 located diagonally upward. In the solar cell module 100 according to the fourth embodiment, for example, the first surface 1f is curved convexly along the solar cell elements 31 in each first area A1. This facilitates rainwater flow from each first area A1 to the one or more linear recesses 1t in the second area A2 on the first surface 1f. This reduces the amount of rainwater that needs to dry out, for example, in the first area A1 of the first surface 1f. Consequently, dust, dirt, and the like contained in rainwater in the first area A1 are less likely to adhere to the first surface 1f. Consequently, for example, sunlight incident on the solar cell elements 31 is less likely to be obstructed by dirt on the first surface 1f. Therefore, for example, it is possible to further improve the power generation efficiency in the solar cell module 100 .

[0202] In the fourth embodiment, for example, a configuration is adopted in which a portion of the first surface 1 f that follows the first element surface 31 f is curved in an arc shape along a virtual arc having a radius of approximately several hundred to several thousand mm.

[0203] Here, for example, a configuration is adopted in which either a YZ cross section or an XZ cross section of a portion of the first surface 1 f along the first element surface 31 f is curved in a convex shape extending away from the first element surface 31 f .

[0204] For example, Figure 25 As shown in FIG. 1 , the XZ cross section of the portion of the first surface 1f that is along the first element surface 31f is curved in a convex shape extending away from the first element surface 31f. In this case, the portion of the first surface 1f that is along the first element surface 31f is curved in a convex shape, for example, along the fifth virtual arc surface described above.

[0205] For example, Figure 26As shown in FIG. 1 , the YZ cross section of the portion of the first surface 1f that is along the first element surface 31f may be curved in a convex shape extending away from the first element surface 31f. In this case, the portion of the first surface 1f that is along the first element surface 31f may be curved in a convex shape, for example, along the sixth virtual arc surface.

[0206] Alternatively, for example, the portion of the first surface 1f along the first element surface 31f may be curved in a convex shape extending away from the first element surface 31f in both the YZ cross-section and the XZ cross-section. In this case, for example, the portion of the first surface 1f along the first element surface 31f may be curved along a virtual spherical surface. More specifically, for example, the portion of the first surface 1f along the first element surface 31f may be curved in a convex shape along a portion of the aforementioned third virtual spherical surface.

[0207] <2-3-2. Specific Example of Method for Manufacturing Solar Cell Module>

[0208] refer to Figure 27 as well as Figure 28 An example of a method for manufacturing the solar cell module 100 according to the fourth embodiment will be described.

[0209] Here, for example, based on the manufacturing method of the solar cell module 100 according to the third embodiment, Figure 27 as well as Figure 28 As shown in FIG. 5 , a recess 500r is formed in the upper surface 500u of the base member 500. Figure 27 as well as Figure 28 In the example shown in FIG. 5 , a plurality of recesses 500r are formed on the upper surface 500u of the base member 500. In other words, the base member 500 functions as a mold for achieving a desired pattern of one or more linear recesses 1t and a desired convex curved shape on the first surface 1f during lamination of the laminate 10s.

[0210] When laminating the laminate 10s, for example, a heating plate in a chamber of a laminator is used. Figure 28The base member 500 carrying the stacked body 10s is placed as shown. In this state, the air pressure in the chamber of the laminator is reduced while the stacked body 10s is heated, and the stacked body 10s is pressed in the +Z direction by a pressing member such as a film. In this way, the stacked body 10s is integrated. Here, the first protective layer 1 is deformed in accordance with the unevenness of the upper surface 500u in the base member 500, and the first sheet 41s and the second sheet 42s flow. As a result, the first surface 1f of the first protective layer 1 becomes a state having one or more linear recesses 1t and a shape that is bent into a convex shape along each first element surface 31f. As a result, the solar cell panel 10 involved in the fourth embodiment can be manufactured. In addition, for example, the solar cell module 100 involved in the fourth embodiment can be manufactured by installing the terminal box to the solar cell panel 10 and connecting a part of the third wiring member 34 to the terminal in the terminal box.

[0211] <3. Other Implementation Methods>

[0212] In the above embodiments, for example, Figure 29 As shown, the first end region Ae1 in the first surface 1f can be bent in a manner that advances toward the -Z direction as the third direction as it advances toward the -Y direction as the first direction. The first end region Ae1 is a region in the first surface 1f that is located at the end of the -Y direction as the first direction. In other words, the first surface 1f has the first end region Ae1 that is located at the end of the -Y direction as the first direction. The -Z direction as the third direction corresponds to the direction from the first surface 1f toward the second surface 1s along the thickness direction of the first protective layer 1. Figure 29 In the example shown, the first end region Ae1 of the first surface 1f curves monotonically toward the -Z direction, which is the third direction, as it advances toward the -Y direction, which is the first direction. For example, when the laminate 10s is integrated through lamination, this structure can be achieved by appropriately placing a member having a shape matching the shape of the first end region Ae1 between the heating plate of the laminator and the laminate 10s.

[0213] For example, when the solar cell module 100 is used outdoors for power generation, it is installed with the first surface 1f facing upward or diagonally upward. For example, if the first end region Ae1 of the first surface 1f is curved so that it extends in the -Z direction as it advances in the first direction (-Y), rainwater is easily drained from the first surface 1f. This makes it difficult for rainwater to accumulate on the first surface 1f, and dust, mud, and the like contained in the rainwater are less likely to adhere to the first surface 1f. This, for example, can improve the power generation efficiency of the solar cell module 100.

[0214] In addition, for example, Figure 29 As shown in FIG. 1 , the second end region Ae2 of the first surface 1f can be bent in a manner that advances toward the -Z direction, which is the third direction, as it advances toward the +Y direction, which is the fifth direction. The second end region Ae2 is a region of the first surface 1f that is located at the end of the +Y direction, which is the fifth direction. In other words, the first surface 1f has the second end region Ae2 that is located at the end of the +Y direction, which is the fifth direction. Figure 29 In the example shown in FIG. 1 , the second end region Ae2 of the first surface 1f curves monotonically toward the -Z direction, which is the third direction, as it advances toward the +Y direction, which is the fifth direction. For example, when the laminate 10s is integrated through a lamination process, this structure can be achieved by appropriately placing a member having a shape matching the shape of the second end region Ae2 between the heating plate of the laminator and the laminate 10s.

[0215] For example, when the solar cell module 100 is used outdoors for power generation, it can be installed with the first surface 1f facing upward or diagonally upward. For example, if the second end region Ae2 of the first surface 1f is curved so that it advances in the -Z direction (the third direction) as it advances in the +Y direction (the fifth direction), rainwater is more easily drained from the first surface 1f. This makes it less likely that rainwater will accumulate on the first surface 1f, and therefore, dust, dirt, and the like contained in the rainwater are less likely to adhere to the first surface 1f. This can, for example, improve the power generation efficiency of the solar cell module 100.

[0216] In each of the above embodiments, for example, the support member 5 may be replaced with two or more support members 5 arranged in the -Y direction as the first direction. In this case, for example, a configuration may be employed in which two or more support members 5 are arranged with a gap therebetween in the -Y direction as the first direction.

[0217] In the third embodiment described above, for example, Figure 30As shown, the first element surface 31f of each solar cell element 31 may not be convexly curved, and the second element surface 31s may not be concavely curved. In other words, each solar cell element 31 may be flat. In this case, for example, since the first protective layer 1 contains a light-transmitting resin, the thinning of the first protective layer 1 can contribute to a lighter solar cell module 100. Furthermore, for example, the first surface 1f may include one or more linear recesses 1t disposed above the plurality of solar cell elements 31. This facilitates the flow of rainwater through the one or more linear recesses 1t on the first surface 1f, making it less likely for rainwater to accumulate in the first area A1 on the first surface 1f, located above the solar cell elements 31. This reduces the amount of rainwater that dries in the first area A1 on the first surface 1f. As a result, for example, dust, dirt, and other particles contained in rainwater are less likely to adhere to the first area A1 on the first surface 1f. Therefore, for example, the incidence of sunlight on the solar cell element 31 is less likely to be blocked by stains on the first surface 1f. Therefore, the solar cell module 100 can be reduced in weight and improved in power generation efficiency.

[0218] In the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment, for example, one or more second linear recesses 1t2 may be located in one or more gaps among the second gap G2 and the third gap G3.

[0219] In the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment, for example, Figure 31 As shown, the one or more linear recesses 1t may not form a single grid-like groove, but may instead form a plurality of grooves. In other words, the first surface 1f may have a plurality of linear recesses. Here, the first surface 1f may, for example, have one or more first linear recesses 1t1 and one or more second linear recesses 1t2. The one or more first linear recesses 1t1 may, for example, include a plurality of first linear recesses 1t1 arranged in the +X direction, which serves as the second direction. The one or more second linear recesses 1t2 may, for example, include a plurality of second linear recesses 1t2 arranged in the -Y direction, which serves as the first direction.

[0220] exist Figure 31 In the example, Figure 19 as well as Figure 22 The first linear recesses 1t1 shown in FIG. 1 are changed to three first linear recesses 1t1 arranged in the +X direction as the second direction. In other words, the first surface 1f has five rows of first linear recesses 1t1 each including three first linear recesses 1t1. Figure 19 as well as Figure 22The second linear recesses 1t2 shown are changed to five second linear recesses 1t2 arranged in the -Y direction, which is the first direction. In other words, the first surface 1f has three rows of second linear recesses 1t2, each row including five second linear recesses 1t2.

[0221] exist Figure 31 In the example shown in FIG. 1 , when viewing the first surface 1f from above, the first linear recess 1t1 and the second linear recess 1t2 are connected to form a T-shaped recess at the center portion of the first surface 1f in the +X direction, which is the second direction. This configuration is not limited to connecting the second linear recess 1t2 to the center portion of the first linear recess 1t1 in the X direction. For example, the second linear recess 1t2 may be connected to any portion of the first linear recess 1t1 in the +X direction, which is the second direction. Furthermore, for example, any portion of the first linear recess 1t1 in the +X direction, which is the second direction, and any portion of the second linear recess 1t2 in the -Y direction, which is the first direction, may be connected in a cross-like configuration.

[0222] In addition, Figure 31 In the example shown in FIG. 1 , when the first surface 1f is viewed from above, the first linear recess 1t1 and the second linear recess 1t2 are connected to form an L-shaped recess in a portion of the first surface 1f on the -X direction side, which is the fourth direction. Furthermore, when the first surface 1f is viewed from above, the first linear recess 1t1 and the second linear recess 1t2 are connected to form an L-shaped recess in a portion of the first surface 1f on the +X direction side, which is the second direction. This is not limited to the first linear recess 1t1 and the second linear recess 1t2 being connected to form an L-shaped recess. For example, the first linear recess 1t1 and the second linear recess 1t2 may be connected to form a T-shaped recess in any portion of the first linear recess 1t1 and the second linear recess 1t2 in the -Y direction, which is the first direction.

[0223] For example, when the solar cell module 100 is used outdoors for power generation, it can be installed with the first surface 1f facing diagonally upward. In this case, for example, the solar cell module 100 can be installed with the first end E1 facing diagonally downward and the second end E2 facing diagonally upward. As described above, if the one or more linear recesses 1t on the first surface 1f include a first linear recess 1t1 and a second linear recess 1t2 connected to the first linear recess 1t1, rainwater flowing from above the solar cell element 31 onto the first linear recess 1t1 on the first surface 1f tends to flow along the first linear recess 1t1 and the second linear recess 1t2. Consequently, for example, the flow of rainwater along the one or more linear recesses 1t makes it difficult for rainwater to reach the first area A1 on the first surface 1f, thereby facilitating the drainage of rainwater from the first surface 1f. As a result, for example, the amount of rainwater dried on the first area A1 of the first surface 1f is further reduced, and dust and mud contained in the rainwater are less likely to adhere to the first area A1 of the first surface 1f.

[0224] Specifically, for example, Figure 31 As shown, along the path indicated by the two-dot chain arrow, rainwater flowing from above the solar cell element 31 onto the first linear recess 1t1 flows along the first linear recess 1t1, easily flows into the second linear recess 1t2, and easily flows along the second linear recess 1t2. Figure 31 In FIG, an example of a path of rainwater flow on the first surface 1f is schematically shown by a two-dot chain arrow. Figure 31 In order to avoid complicating the drawing, the solar cell section 3 is omitted from the drawing, and the outer edges of the plurality of solar cell elements 31 are depicted with thin dotted lines.

[0225] Here, for example, the second linear recess 1t2 may be formed as follows. Figure 31 As shown, the edge 1e in the -Y direction, which is the first direction, of the first surface 1f may not be extended to the edge 1e in the -Y direction, which is the first direction, of the first surface 1f. Alternatively, the edge 1e in the -Y direction, which is the first direction, of the first surface 1f may be extended to the edge 1e in the -Y direction, which is the first direction. Furthermore, for example, there may be one or more linear recesses formed by connecting the first linear recess 1t1 and the second linear recess 1t2. In this case, for example, on the first surface 1f, rainwater flowing from above the solar cell element 31 onto the first linear recess 1t1 is also likely to flow along the first linear recess 1t1 and the second linear recess 1t2. Therefore, for example, by the flow of rainwater along one or more linear recesses 1t, it is difficult for rainwater to reach the first area A1 of the first surface 1f, thereby promoting the drainage of rainwater from the first surface 1f.

[0226] In the above embodiments, for example, Figure 32As shown, the first portion 51 of the support member 5 may not face the second protective layer 2. In this case, for example, the second filler 42 does not include a portion located between the second protective layer 2 and the first portion 51 in the -Z direction, which is the third direction.

[0227] In each of the above embodiments, for example, the solar cell module 100 may further include a reinforcing fiber member. Here, the reinforcing fiber member is, for example, provided along the end portion of the solar cell panel 10 where the supporting member 5 is not present, and is covered by the filling material 4. For example, a method of providing a reinforcing fiber member along one or more of the first end portion E1 and the second end portion E2 of the solar cell panel 10 is considered. The reinforcing fiber member is, for example, a fiber member made of aramid fiber such as Kevlar (registered trademark) fiber or carbon fiber. The reinforcing fiber member has a long strip shape along the end portion of the solar cell panel 10. In addition, the reinforcing fiber member is provided in a state where it does not overlap with the solar cell portion 3 when viewed from above. The reinforcing fiber member is easily deformed, but on the other hand, has high strength. For this reason, the presence of the reinforcing fiber member can improve the strength of the solar cell panel 10 without reducing the flexibility of the solar cell panel 10.

[0228] In the above-described embodiments, for example, by increasing the width and thickness of the second wiring member 33 and the third wiring member 34 , the strength of the first end portion E1 and the second end portion E2 of the solar cell panel 10 can be improved.

[0229] In the above embodiments, for example, Figure 33 As shown, the solar cell panel 10 does not need to include any of the first and second support members 5. In this case, since the solar cell module 100 includes one or more support members 5, it is also easy to stably fix the solar cell module 100 to the installation object. In addition, since the support members 5 are not provided on three sides of the solar cell panel 10, the solar cell panel 10 can be easily flexed in more directions. This can improve the flexibility of the solar cell panel 10, for example.

[0230] In addition, for example, Figure 34 As shown, the solar cell panel 10 may not include the two supporting members 5 .

[0231] In each of the above embodiments, for example, in some of the plurality of solar cell elements 31, the first element surface 31f may be curved convexly and the second element surface 31s may be curved concavely. In other words, for example, in one or more solar cell elements 31 included in the plurality of solar cell elements 31, the first element surface 31f may be curved convexly and the second element surface 31s may be curved concavely. In this case, for example, by curving the one or more solar cell elements 31 in a convex shape that protrudes toward the first protective layer 1, the impact on the solar cell elements 31 can be mitigated when various objects such as falling objects and flying objects collide with the first protective layer 1. As a result, for example, the one or more solar cell elements 31 are less likely to break.

[0232] Here, for example, the first surface 1f can be curved into a convex shape along the first element surfaces 31f of a portion of the plurality of solar cell elements 31. In other words, for example, the first surface 1f can be curved into a convex shape along the first element surfaces 31f of one or more solar cell elements 31 included in the plurality of solar cell elements 31. In this case, for example, the area of ​​the first surface 1f located above the one or more solar cell elements 31 is less likely to become dirty. As a result, for example, sunlight is less likely to be blocked by dirt on the first surface 1f from entering the solar cell elements 31, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the solar cell module 100.

[0233] In the above embodiments, for example, the solar cell section 3 may have a plurality of solar cell elements 31 arranged one-dimensionally. Here, for example, the solar cell section 3 may include two or more solar cell elements 31 arranged in the -Y direction as the first direction, as the plurality of solar cell elements 31. In this case, the plurality of solar cell elements 31 in the solar cell section 3 also includes two solar cell elements 31 arranged in the -Y direction as the first direction.

[0234] In each of the above embodiments, for example, the second protective layer 2 can be omitted. In this case, for example, free acid such as acetic acid generated in the filler 4 can be released from the filler 4 in the -Z direction in a gaseous state. This reduces the occurrence of defects in the solar cell section 3 caused by the free acid, for example.

[0235] In each of the above embodiments, for example, the two supporting members 5 may be located on both sides of the Y direction instead of being located on both sides of the solar cell panel 10 in the X direction. If this structure is adopted, the solar cell panel 10 will bend in an arc shape when viewed in the direction along the +X direction. Here, for example, as long as the number of solar cell elements 31 arranged along the Y direction (number of arrangements) is an even number, there is no solar cell element 31 in the center of the solar cell panel 10 in the Y direction. In other words, the center of the solar cell panel 10 in the Y direction is equivalent to the portion between the two adjacent solar cell elements 31 in the Y direction. For this reason, even if a load such as accumulated snow is applied to the solar cell panel 10 and the solar cell panel 10 bends, a relatively large stress is applied to the center of the solar cell panel 10 in the Y direction, and the stress applied to each solar cell element 31 is difficult to increase.

[0236] In each of the above embodiments, for example, the first direction and the second direction may not be orthogonal but may intersect. In other words, the first direction and the second direction may not intersect at a 90-degree angle, but may intersect at an angle other than 90 degrees. Angles other than 90 degrees may be, for example, from 60 degrees to less than 90 degrees, from 70 degrees to less than 90 degrees, or from 80 degrees to less than 90 degrees.

[0237] In each of the above embodiments, for example, a plurality of solar cell elements 31 can utilize thin-film solar cells. Thin-film solar cells can be constructed by, for example, separately providing a thin-film semiconductor and a transparent electrode on a substrate such as glass or resin. Thin-film semiconductors include, for example, silicon-based, compound-based, or other types of semiconductors. Silicon-based thin-film semiconductors utilize, for example, semiconductors utilizing amorphous silicon or thin-film polycrystalline silicon. Compound-based thin-film semiconductors utilize, for example, compound semiconductors having a chalcopyrite structure such as CIS semiconductors or CIGS semiconductors, compound semiconductors having a perovskite structure, compound semiconductors having a stannite structure, or cadmium telluride (CdTe) semiconductors. CIS semiconductors are compound semiconductors containing copper (Cu), indium (In), and selenium (Se). CIGS semiconductors are compound semiconductors containing Cu, In, gallium (Ga), and Se. In this case, for example, by using a curved substrate, the solar cell element 31 can be bent into a convex shape.

[0238] While the solar cell module has been described in detail above, the above description is provided for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. Furthermore, the various examples described above can be combined as long as they do not conflict with each other. Furthermore, numerous other examples not shown are contemplated without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0239] The present disclosure includes the following contents.

[0240] In one embodiment, (1) a solar cell module comprises: a first protective layer containing a light-transmitting resin and having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a plurality of solar cell elements arranged in a state opposite to the second surface and arranged along the second surface; and a filling material arranged in a state in contact with the second surface and covering the plurality of solar cell elements, the plurality of solar cell elements including two solar cell elements arranged in a first direction, the first surface having a first region located on the plurality of solar cell elements and a second region different from the first region, and the first surface having one or more linear recesses located in the second region.

[0241] (2) The solar cell module of (1) above may further include: a supporting member arranged adjacent to a solar cell portion including the plurality of solar cell elements, the supporting member including: a first portion arranged opposite to the second surface of the first protective layer; and a second portion of the supporting member located on a side opposite to the solar cell portion, the filling material may include a portion located between the second surface and the first portion.

[0242] (3) In the solar cell module of (1) or (2) above, the one or more linear recesses may include: a first linear recess; and a second linear recess connected to the first linear recess, wherein the first linear recess is arranged along a second direction intersecting the first direction on the first gap between the two solar cell elements, and the second linear recess is arranged along the first direction.

[0243] (4) In the solar cell module of (3) above, the second linear recess may be provided so as to extend to an edge portion of the first surface in the first direction.

[0244] (5) In the solar cell module of any one of (1) to (4) above, the first surface may have a first end region located at the end of the first direction, and the first end region is bent in a manner that advances in a third direction from the first surface toward the second surface along the thickness direction of the first protective layer as it advances in the first direction.

[0245] (6) In the solar cell module of any one of (1) to (5) above, the plurality of solar cell elements may include one or more solar cell elements, each of the one or more solar cell elements having: a first element surface opposite to the second surface; and a second element surface on the side opposite to the first element surface, wherein the first element surface is curved into a convex shape, and the second element surface is curved into a concave shape.

[0246] (7) In the solar cell module of (6) above, the first surface may be curved in a convex shape along the first element surface of each of the one or more solar cell elements.

[0247] (8) The solar cell module of any one of (1) to (7) above may further include a second protective layer, wherein the second protective layer is in contact with the filling material on a surface opposite to the surface in contact with the first protective layer in the filling material, and the plurality of solar cell elements may be located between the second surface and the second protective layer.

[0248] -Explanation of Symbols-

[0249] 1: First protection layer

[0250] 100: Solar cell module

[0251] 1e: Edge

[0252] 1f: Side 1

[0253] 1s: Side 2

[0254] 1t: Linear concave portion

[0255] 1t1: 1st linear recess

[0256] 1t2: Second linear concave portion

[0257] 2: Second protection layer

[0258] 3: Solar cell unit

[0259] 31: Solar cell elements

[0260] 31f: 1st component surface

[0261] 31s: Second component surface

[0262] 4: Filling material

[0263] 5: Supporting components

[0264] 51: Part 1

[0265] 52: Part 2

[0266] A1: Area 1

[0267] A2: Area 2

[0268] Ae1: 1st end region

[0269] G1: Gap 1.

Claims

1. A solar cell module comprising: A first protective layer comprising a light-transmitting resin and having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a plurality of solar cell elements disposed in a state facing the second surface and arranged along the second surface; and a filling material disposed in contact with the second surface and covering the plurality of solar cell elements, The plurality of solar cell elements include two solar cell elements arranged in a first direction, The first surface has a first region located on the plurality of solar cell elements and a second region different from the first region. The first surface has one or more linear recessed portions located in the second region.

2. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein: The solar cell module further includes: a support member provided adjacent to a solar cell section including the plurality of solar cell elements; The supporting member includes: a first portion disposed in a state facing the second surface of the first protective layer; and a second portion of the supporting member located on a side opposite to the solar cell portion side. The filling material includes a portion located between the second surface and the first portion.

3. The solar cell module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The one or more linear recesses include: a first linear recess; and a second linear recess connected to the first linear recess, The first linear recess is provided in a first gap between the two solar cell elements along a second direction intersecting the first direction. The second linear recess is provided along the first direction.

4. The solar cell module according to claim 3, wherein: The second linear recess is provided so as to extend to an edge of the first surface in the first direction.

5. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The first surface has a first end region located at an end in the first direction, The first end region is curved so as to advance in a third direction from the first surface toward the second surface along the thickness direction of the first protective layer as it advances in the first direction.

6. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The plurality of solar cell elements include one or more solar cell elements, The one or more solar cell elements each have: a first element surface facing the second surface; and a second element surface on the opposite side to the first element surface, The first element surface is curved into a convex shape, The second element surface is curved in a concave shape.

7. The solar cell module according to claim 6, wherein: The first surface is curved in a convex shape along the first element surface of each of the one or more solar cell elements.

8. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein The solar cell module further comprises: a second protective layer, The second protective layer is in contact with the filling material at a surface of the filling material opposite to the surface in contact with the first protective layer. The plurality of solar cell elements are located between the second surface and the second protective layer.

Images