Hole intermittent type rice side deep fertilization device and fertilization method

Abstract

The invention provides a hole intermittent type rice side deep fertilization device and a fertilization method, and belongs to the field of fertilization devices. The problems that an existing fertilizing device is blocked by fertilizer in the fertilizing process, the fertilizing amount control standard cannot be effectively met, and the fertilizing uniformity is poor are solved. The device comprises a fertilizer feeding system and a pneumatic conveying system, fertilizer falls into a fertilizer inlet under the action of gravity, a rotating shaft drives a fertilizer feeding turntable to rotate, so that the fertilizer falls into a semi-closed space formed by a sliding block and the upper half part of a mold hole, the rotating shaft continuously drives the fertilizer feeding turntable to rotate, and when the sliding block is in contact with a lifting pin on a bottom plate, the sliding block is jacked up under the action of the lifting pin; and the ejected fertilizer is blown out of the fertilizer discharge pipe under the action of negative pressure by utilizing an air conveying system, and falls on the ground under the action of gravity, so that intermittent fixed-point fertilization is realized. The problems of fertilizer blockage, difficulty in fertilizer amount adjustment and poor fertilization uniformity can be effectively solved, and the fertilization amount control standard can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilization devices, and in particular to a hole-type intermittent rice side deep fertilization device and a fertilization method. Background Art

[0002] Rice is one of the main cash crops grown in China. But now many arable lands in rural areas are not cultivated for rice, and cash crops are sown instead. The main reason is the cost of planting. With the decline of soil fertility, in order to ensure the yield, rice planting must increase the amount of fertilizer, resulting in an increase in planting costs. Another part of the reason is that the mechanization level of rice planting in most rural areas is low, and manual methods are usually used to complete tasks such as transplanting and fertilizing. Therefore, in order to ensure the high and stable yield of rice, the most direct way is to increase the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers. And as various places deepen the implementation of the action of zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers, the application of agricultural chemical fertilizers has shown a downward trend year by year. The reduction in the amount of fertilizers is the main reason for the annual output of rice in 2023 to be only 413.21 billion jin, a decrease of 0.9% from previous years. In order to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of the rice industry, it is necessary to solve the problems existing in the use of chemical fertilizers.

[0003] In the past few decades since the beginning of agriculture, people generally believe that crop yields are proportional to the amount of fertilizer applied, which has led to the abuse of fertilizers. In order to solve the problem of excessive fertilization, domestic researchers have conducted extensive research on paddy field fertilization devices, especially on side-deep fertilization of rice. Because fertilizers are covered by the soil during side-deep fertilization, losses caused by drainage are reduced and utilization efficiency is improved. The use of slow-release fertilizers can also enhance root vitality, which has led to rapid development of side-deep fertilization in recent decades. For example, Wang Jinfeng and others designed a rotary chute side-deep fertilizer applicator to address the problems of serious fertilizer waste and the difficulty of implementing precision fertilization. Liang Fang designed an outer groove wheel sowing automatic control system to improve the sowing amount adjustment range and control accuracy of the outer groove wheel seed metering device. Li Shuwei and others designed an electric-driven outer groove wheel fertilization device to achieve intermittent fertilization. At present, domestic research on variable fertilization or hole fertilization still focuses on the external groove wheel fertilization device and cam fertilization device in terms of mechanical structure. Although this structure can discharge fertilizer accurately, it will inevitably cause the fertilizer to be crushed by squeezing, and sometimes it will leak fertilizer. In order to further improve the level of mechanization and fertilizer utilization efficiency, the side deep hole fertilization equipment is currently the focus of many studies. For example, Yuan Wensheng et al. designed a spoon wheel hole fertilization device, which formed holes by the cooperation of the spoon wheel, fertilizer tray and partition; Chen Changhai, Dong Xiaowei et al. conducted design and experimental research on the rice spiral auger side deep fertilization device, which improved the stability and uniformity of fertilization. With the deepening of research, many mechanical devices have been applied to rice production, but the effect has not met expectations, so many key technologies still need further research. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are:

[0005] In order to solve the problem that the fertilizer in the existing fertilization device is blocked by the fertilizer during the fertilization process, it is difficult to effectively achieve the fertilizer amount control standard, and the fertilization uniformity is poor.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems:

[0007] The present invention provides a hole-type intermittent rice side deep fertilization device, the fertilization device is arranged on a rice transplanter, and the fertilization device comprises a fertilizer discharge system and an air delivery system.

[0008] The fertilizer discharging system comprises a bottom plate, a slider, a fertilizer discharging rotating disk, an upper shell, a rotating shaft and a fertilizer inlet, the bottom plate and the upper shell are fixed to the fertilizer discharging port by bolts, one end of the rotating shaft sequentially penetrates the center of the upper shell and the center of the fertilizer discharging rotating disk between the upper shell and the bottom plate, and then is connected to the center of the bottom plate by a bearing, the fertilizer discharging rotating disk is fixed on the rotating shaft, the other end of the rotating shaft is connected to a rotating shaft motor arranged on the upper shell or the air delivery system, a plurality of shaped holes are evenly distributed circumferentially on the fertilizer discharging rotating disk, a slider is arranged in each shaped hole, the height of the slider is less than the thickness of the shaped hole, the shape of the slider matches the shape of the shaped hole, and the bottom end of the slider is flush with the bottom end of the fertilizer discharging rotating disk in the initial state, a push pin is arranged at a position corresponding to a certain shaped hole on the bottom plate, and the position corresponding to the push pin on the upper shell is connected to the air delivery system for blowing out the ejected fertilizer, and a fertilizer inlet is also arranged on the upper shell, and the fertilizer inlet corresponds to the position of another shaped hole;

[0009] The air delivery system includes a fan, a wind speed regulating switch, an air supply pipe, an air delivery and fertilizer discharge pipe, and a fertilizer discharge pipe. The fan is connected to the air supply pipe, the air delivery and fertilizer discharge pipe, and the fertilizer discharge pipe in sequence. The air supply pipe is provided with a wind speed regulating switch. The side wall of the air delivery and fertilizer discharge pipe is connected to the upper shell.

[0010] Furthermore, the ejector pin comprises a raised arc block and a square block.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes an annular groove, which is arranged on the bottom plate and corresponds to the position of the sliding block around one circle, and the ejector pin is arranged in the annular groove.

[0012] Furthermore, the air delivery system is fixed on a support frame on the rice transplanter, and is used to enable the rice transplanter to perform side deep fertilization operations while transplanting rice seedlings.

[0013] Furthermore, the hole is a circular hole.

[0014] A fertilization method of a profile hole intermittent rice side deep fertilization device, comprising the following steps:

[0015] The fertilizer falls into the fertilizer inlet under the action of gravity, and the shaft motor drives the shaft to rotate. When the shaft drives the profile hole on the fertilizer discharge turntable to rotate below the fertilizer inlet, the fertilizer also falls into the profile hole under the action of gravity, and the shaft on the slider in the profile hole continues to drive the fertilizer discharge turntable to rotate. The shaft motor with the set speed drives the fertilizer discharge turntable to the fertilizer discharge outlet corresponding to the fertilizer discharge pipe. At this time, the slider contacts the ejection pin on the bottom plate, and the slider is pushed upward by the action of the ejection pin, thereby ejecting the fertilizer in the profile hole. The air delivery system is used to blow the ejected fertilizer out of the fertilizer discharge pipe under the action of negative pressure, and it falls on the ground due to the action of gravity, realizing intermittent fixed-point fertilization.

[0016] Furthermore, when the sliding block is lifted upward, the upper end surface of the sliding block is flush with the upper end surface of the fertilizer discharge rotary disk.

[0017] Furthermore, the rice transplanter equipped with the fertilizer device has a travel speed of 0.44 m / s, a number of holes of 6, and a size of the fertilizer inlet of 27*27 mm. 2 .

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The present invention discloses a hole-type intermittent rice side deep fertilization device and a fertilization method, which include a fertilizer discharge system and an air delivery system. Fertilizer falls into a fertilizer inlet under the action of gravity, and a rotating shaft drives a fertilizer discharge rotary disc to rotate, so that the fertilizer falls into a semi-enclosed space formed by a slider and an upper part of the hole. The rotating shaft continues to drive the fertilizer discharge rotary disc to rotate. When the slider contacts a push pin on a bottom plate, the slider is pushed upward under the action of the push pin, and the fertilizer in the hole is pushed out. The air delivery system is used to blow the pushed fertilizer out of a fertilizer discharge pipe under the action of negative pressure. The fertilizer falls on the ground under the action of gravity, realizing intermittent fixed-point fertilization. The present invention can effectively solve the problems of fertilizer blockage, difficulty in adjusting the fertilizer amount and poor fertilization uniformity, provide a new solution for paddy field fertilization operation, and effectively meet the fertilizer amount control standard. According to experiments, the optimal solution obtained by using the fertilization device is a travel speed of 0.44m / s, a number of holes of 6, and a fertilizer inlet of 27*27. The test results are respectively a fertilization position qualified rate of 95.09% and a fertilizer discharge stability of 8.59%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 An exploded view of a hole-type intermittent rice side deep fertilization device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a working diagram of a profile hole intermittent rice side deep fertilization device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is a motion analysis diagram of a slider in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4It is a structural diagram of the air delivery system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air-conveying fertilizer-discharging pipe in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 Response surface analysis diagrams in the embodiments of the present invention, wherein (a), (b) and (c) are corresponding surface analysis diagrams of the change in the qualified rate of the fertilization position with the change in the conveyor belt speed when the number of holes or the size of the fertilizer inlet remains unchanged, (d) is a corresponding surface analysis diagram of the change in the fertilizer discharge stability with the forward speed and the number of holes when the fertilizer inlet remains unchanged, (e) is a corresponding surface analysis diagram of the change in the fertilizer discharge stability with the forward speed and the size of the fertilizer inlet when the number of holes remains unchanged, and (f) is a corresponding surface analysis diagram of the change in the stability with the number of holes and the size of the fertilizer inlet when the speed remains unchanged.

[0026] Description of reference numerals:

[0027] 1. Bottom plate; 2. Sliding block; 3. Fertilizer discharge turntable; 4. Upper shell; 5. Air supply and fertilizer discharge pipe; 6. Rotating shaft; 7. Fertilizer inlet; 8. Fan; 9. Wind speed adjustment switch; 10. Air supply pipe; 11. Fertilizer discharge pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terminology nouns in the various embodiments, such as "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", etc., which indicate directions, are only for simplifying the description of the positional relationship based on the drawings in the specification, and do not mean that the referred elements and devices must be operated according to the specific directions and defined operations and methods and structures in the specification. Such directional nouns do not constitute a limitation on the present invention.

[0029] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Specific implementation plan 1: Combine Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention provides a hole-type intermittent rice side deep fertilization device, which can be arranged on a riding rice transplanter. A fertilizer box is respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the riding rice transplanter, and each fertilizer box is arranged on the chassis between the vehicle seat and the rice seedling box, so that space is reserved for workers to carry out rice seedling operations, and space for the rice seedling box to move up and down is ensured, and it is convenient to water the rice seedlings on the rice seedling box, thereby improving the operation efficiency of machine transplanting rice seedlings and side deep fertilization;

[0031] The fertilizing device includes a fertilizer discharge system and an air delivery system. The fertilizer discharge system includes a bottom plate 1, a slider 2, a fertilizer discharge disc 3, an upper shell 4, a rotating shaft 6 and a fertilizer inlet 7. The bottom plate 1 and the upper shell 4 are fixed to the fertilizer discharge port by bolts. One end of the rotating shaft 6 sequentially penetrates the center of the upper shell 4 and the center of the fertilizer discharge disc 3 between the upper shell and the bottom plate 1, and is then connected to the center of the bottom plate 1 through a bearing. The fertilizer discharge disc 3 is fixed on the rotating shaft 6. The other end of the rotating shaft 6 is connected to a rotating shaft motor arranged on the upper shell 4 or the air delivery system. 3, a plurality of holes are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and a slider 2 is arranged in each hole. The height of the slider 2 is less than the thickness of the hole, and the shape of the slider 2 matches the shape of the hole. The hole can be a circular hole, and the bottom end of the slider 2 is flush with the bottom end of the fertilizer discharging turntable 3 in the initial state. A top pin is arranged at a position corresponding to a certain hole on the bottom plate 1, and the top pin includes a raised arc block and a square block. The position of the upper shell 4 corresponding to the top pin is connected to the air delivery system, and a fertilizer inlet 7 is also arranged on the upper shell 4, and the fertilizer inlet 7 corresponds to the position of another hole.

[0032] It also includes an annular groove, which is arranged on the bottom plate 1 and corresponds to the position where the slider 2 rotates around the rotating shaft 6, and the ejector pin is arranged in the annular groove;

[0033] The air delivery system includes a fan 8, a wind speed regulating switch 9, an air supply pipe 10, an air delivery and fertilizer discharge pipe 5 and a fertilizer discharge pipe 11. The fan 8 is connected to the air supply pipe 10, the air delivery and fertilizer discharge pipe 5 and the fertilizer discharge pipe 11 in sequence. The air supply pipe 10 is provided with a wind speed regulating switch 9. The side wall of the air delivery and fertilizer discharge pipe 5 is connected to the upper shell 4.

[0034] The air delivery system can be fixed on a support frame on the riding rice transplanter, and is used to enable the riding rice transplanter to perform side deep fertilization operations while transplanting rice.

[0035] Specific implementation plan 2: Combination Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention provides a fertilization method of a profile hole intermittent rice side deep fertilization device, comprising the following steps:

[0036] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the fertilizer falls into the fertilizer inlet 7 under the action of gravity, and the shaft motor drives the shaft 6 to rotate. When the shaft 6 drives the profile hole on the fertilizer discharge rotary disk 3 to rotate below the fertilizer inlet 7, the fertilizer falls into the profile hole and onto the slider 2 located in the profile hole, that is, it falls into the semi-enclosed space formed by the slider 2 and the upper part of the profile hole. There is a brush in the fertilizer box to sweep away the excess fertilizer on the profile hole to ensure the accurate fertilizer quality. The shaft 6 continues to drive the fertilizer discharge rotary disk 3 to rotate, and the stepper motor (shaft motor) with a set speed drives the fertilizer discharge rotary disk 3 to the fertilizer discharge port corresponding to the fertilizer discharge pipe 11. At this time, the slider 2 contacts the ejection pin on the bottom plate 1, and the slider 2 is pushed upward under the action of the ejection pin, thereby ejecting the fertilizer in the profile hole, and the air delivery system is used to blow the ejected fertilizer out of the fertilizer discharge pipe 11 under the action of negative pressure, and falls on the ground with the action of gravity, thereby realizing intermittent fixed-point fertilization. When the sliding block 2 is lifted upward, the upper end surface of the sliding block 2 is flush with the upper end surface of the fertilizer discharge rotary disk 3 .

[0037] When the air delivery system is working, the fan 8 generates an air source with a certain pressure by compressing the gas. When passing through the pipeline, the wind speed regulating switch 9 adjusts the wind force entering the air supply pipe 10. When passing through the fertilizer discharge pipe 11, the venturi tube forms a negative pressure in the pipeline to suck the fertilizer into the pipeline and mix it with the air. Then, under the action of gas pressure, the fertilizer is sent into the fertilizer discharge pipe 11 and falls into the fertilizer ditch near the seedlings under the combined action of gravity and airflow thrust.

[0038] Design the parameters of this device

[0039] 1 Parameters and motion analysis of fertilization device

[0040] For the fertilizer application device of the present invention, the size and number of the holes and the selection of the diameter of the fertilizer rotating disk 3 directly affect the amount of fertilizer applied by the fertilizer application device. Therefore, if the amount of fertilizer applied is to be guaranteed to meet the agronomic requirements during agricultural machinery operation, it is necessary to reasonably select the size of the holes and the diameter of the fertilizer rotating disk 3. If the working space is too small, the diameter of the fertilizer rotating disk 3 can be reduced. At this time, the amount of fertilizer applied can be guaranteed by increasing the motor speed or the number of holes. However, too fast a speed will shorten the time of the fertilizer filling process and may result in incomplete fertilizer filling. If the working space is sufficient, the diameter of the fertilizer rotating disk 3 can be appropriately increased. At this time, the amount of fertilizer applied can be guaranteed by slowing down the speed. However, an excessively large diameter will affect the wind force of the fan 8 blowing directly on the surface of the fertilizer rotating disk 3, weakening the fertilization effect.

[0041] According to the design and test of the hole-type rice side deep fertilization device, the amount of fertilizer is determined to be 1.3g per hole, and at the same time, sufficient working space should be left for the workers of the riding transplanter. The diameter D1 of the fertilizer turntable 3 is selected to be 120mm, and 4 holes are first set on the disk as the working row spacing. The adjustment margin of the hole spacing is reserved. In order to enable the amount of fertilizer to be adjusted within a certain range, the hole diameter D2 is selected to be 20mm and the inner height is 5mm. The parameters of the fertilization device play a vital role in the theoretical analysis of the amount of fertilizer discharged per rotation q of the fertilization device, and also determine the work efficiency of depth fertilization. Therefore, q needs to be calculated, that is:

[0042] q=σρhS (1)

[0043] Where, σ is the filling factor of fertilizer particles; ρ is the density of fertilizer particles, g / cm 3 ; h is the height of the fat groove, that is, the height after subtracting the slider 2 from the profile hole height, mm; S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the fat groove, mm 2 ;

[0044] Among them, the top pin is the most critical component of the fertilization device. The slider 2 needs to contact it during operation to perform fertilizer discharge. The design of the top pin directly affects the stability of the operation of the slider 2. During operation, the rotation of the turntable forces the slider 2 to quickly contact the top pin. If you want to ensure the continuity of fertilization, you must reduce the tangent slope k of the contact surface between the slider 2 and the top pin. In theory, the smaller the tangent slope, the smoother the machine runs, but the longer the fertilizer discharge process takes. However, when the machine is working, it must be ensured that when one slider 2 completes the fertilizer discharge work, the next slider 2 must contact the top pin. Therefore, there must be a margin for fertilizer discharge time. Add a section of platform at the end of the arc of the arc block to extend the fertilization time and ensure the integrity of the fertilization process. The top pin height is adjustable. In order to ensure that the fertilizer can be transported to the air duct, the top pin height is temporarily set to 5mm.

[0045] The process of carrying and discharging fertilizer in the working process of the fertilizing device is the main research object. The expected situation is that the fertilizer is driven by the slider 2 as the rotating disk rotates in the fertilizer tank and gradually moves up to the top, and is blown into the fertilizer discharge pipe 11 under the combined action of centrifugal force and wind force.

[0046] Assume that the whole fertilizer is regarded as a particle Z, and establish a reference system oxy with the center of the bottom plate 1 as the origin. The movement of particle Z in the fertilizer discharging turntable 3 includes normal uniform linear motion and tangential compound motion with the fertilizer discharging turntable 3 rotating at a uniform speed. Particle Z moves along this trajectory during the fertilizer discharging process, and is still only affected by gravity after leaving the fertilizer discharging turntable 3. Therefore, the displacement and force during the fertilizer discharging process are analyzed as shown in formula (2) and formula (3):

[0047]

[0048] Wherein, L is the distance from the particle to the center of the disk, mm; X is the distance the particle moves in the X direction during the fertilizer discharge process, mm; Y is the distance the particle moves in the Y direction during the fertilizer discharge process, mm; θ is the angle of rotation of the disk during the fertilizer discharge process; Fz is the vertical component of the force on the slider 2 at the top of the ejector pin, N; Fs is the horizontal component of the force on the slider 2 at the top of the ejector pin, N; F L is the centrifugal force on the particle, N; ω is the rotation speed of the disk; k is the slope of the tangent line at the top of the ejector pin;

[0049] Formula (2) and formula (3) show that the horizontal and vertical movements of particle Z are stable from the beginning to the end of fertilizer discharge. The mutation occurs at the moment of fertilizer discharge. As k increases, the force on the slider 2 will also change. At the same time, particle Z is also affected by centrifugal force. Under the joint action of these two forces, particle Z will be thrown out when it is completely ejected by the ejector pin, and the centrifugal force is jointly affected by the rotation speed ω and L. The rotation speed ω is variable. When the rotation speed increases, the particle Z is subjected to greater force. When it is thrown out, it is affected by wind force, which makes particle Z more dispersed and is conducive to fertilizer discharge. However, when the rotation speed is too high, particle Z will be blown onto the upper shell 4, causing particle Z to break; when the rotation speed decreases, particle Z is subjected to less force, and fertilizer is easily blown down by the wind into a mass, which gathers in the pipeline and blocks the fertilizer discharge pipe 11. It can be seen that the rotation speed ω plays a vital role in fertilizer discharge performance.

[0050] 2. Parameter design of air conveying system

[0051] The air delivery system is set up to ensure the transportation performance of the fertilizer, and the factors that affect the transportation performance are: air flow rate. In order to ensure that the fertilizer is transported smoothly in the pipeline without being blocked, the granular fertilizer and air must maintain an appropriate mixing concentration ratio. The selected fan 8 is an adjustable speed centrifugal fan with a power of 80W and a speed of 2800r / min. The air source of fan 8 is a low-pressure air source, and the mixing concentration ratio is 0.6; the design of the air delivery and fertilizer discharge pipe 5 is a Venturi tube with many ups and downs, and a reasonable conveying air speed is particularly important. If the speed is too low, the fertilizer particles are likely to accumulate in the low-lying areas of the pipeline, which will cause blockage problems and affect the overall transportation efficiency. On the contrary, too high a speed will not only lead to unnecessary consumption of energy, but also aggravate the friction between the fertilizer particles and the inner wall of the pipeline, increase pipeline wear and fertilizer particle damage. Therefore, the formula for setting the air flow rate and conveying air speed is as follows:

[0052]

[0053] V * =bV L (5)

[0054] Where Q is the air flow rate, m 3 / s; W is the production rate of the conveying mechanism, t / h; γ is the air density; μ is the mixed concentration ratio; V* is the conveying gas velocity, m / s; V L is the fertilizer suspension velocity, m / s; b is the velocity coefficient (usually 1.5-2.5);

[0055] Given that γ = 1.2 kg / m 3 The rice transplanter operating efficiency is 0.2~0.6hm 2 / h, based on the maximum operating efficiency of 0.6hm 2 / h, fertilizer application rate 300kg / hm 2 Calculate and find W is 0.183t / h, and get Q = 70.49m 3 / h; through the suspension test, the measured suspension speed is 11.26m / s; due to the high density of the slow-release compound fertilizer used for fertilization and the long air delivery pipeline, the speed coefficient k is selected as 2, and the conveying air speed V* is 22.52m / s. The inner diameter of the air delivery fertilizer discharge pipe 5 is determined by the air consumption and the conveying air speed, and the inner diameter can be obtained by formula (6):

[0056]

[0057] The calculation shows that the inner diameter d1 of the air delivery and fertilizer discharge pipe 5 is 33.3 mm, and a steel wire skeleton plastic hose with an inner diameter of 32 mm is selected. Figure 5 As shown, the air-conveying fertilizer delivery pipe is designed according to the Venturi tube design method, with a contraction angle of 22° and a diffusion angle of 10°, and the inner diameter d2 of the contraction end is 22.4 mm.

[0058] 1. Use bench test to calculate the optimal travel speed, number of holes and size of fertilizer inlet 7

[0059] Experimental conditions

[0060] The test site is the Rice Production Machinery Laboratory of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, and the test bench is a seeding device performance test bench. When the machine is fixed at work, the conveyor belt rotates to simulate the forward movement of the riding transplanter to work. The density of the test fertilizer is known to be 1.24g / cm 3 During the test, the fertilization device was fixed on the test bench, and the fan speed switch controlled the fan 8 to maintain the wind speed at 25m / s. According to the agronomic requirements, the setting range of the conveyor belt speed was 0.3m / s-0.6m / s, and the corresponding disc speed was calculated by formula (7):

[0061]

[0062] Among them, L y is the seedling spacing, mm; v is the conveyor belt speed, m / s; n is the number of holes;

[0063] The speed of the stepper motor is controlled by S7-200SMART Siemens PLC, and the speed of the conveyor belt is controlled by adjusting the motor inverter of the seeding test bench to simulate the field operation process of the rice transplanter.

[0064] Experimental Design and Methods

[0065] The bench test is carried out in accordance with NY / T1003-2006 "Technical Specifications for Quality Evaluation of Fertilizer Machinery", mainly to determine the qualified rate of fertilization position and fertilization stability.

[0066] When the horizontal absolute speed of the fertilization device is zero, replace the fertilizer box with different sizes of fertilizer inlet 7, and place a measuring cup under the fertilizer discharge pipe 11 to weigh the mass of the fertilizer in the cup (with an accuracy of 0.1g). Record the weight of 12 intermittent fertilizer discharges and calculate the average value, and repeat 3 times. The travel speed of the conveyor belt, the size of the fertilizer inlet 7, and the number of holes are used as experimental factors, and the qualified rate of the longitudinal distance of seedling fertilizer and the stability of fertilizer discharge are selected as response indicators. The influence of each factor on the response index is studied through a single factor test, and the influence of the interaction of each factor on the response index is studied through a multi-factor test:

[0067]

[0068] Among them, U is the standard deviation; V is the coefficient of variation; N* is the total number of fertilization times; y1 is the qualified rate of fertilization positions, %; c is the number of qualified fertilization positions; x i is the mass of fertilizer measured each time, g;

[0069] Design-Expert software was used for data processing. The conveyor belt speed, the number of holes, and the size of the fertilizer inlet 7 were used as experimental factors with coding values ​​of X1, X2, and X3 respectively. The measured experimental data and the calculated fertilization position qualification rate, i.e., the fertilizer discharge stability results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. The fertilizer discharge position qualification rate and fertilizer discharge stability were used as response indicators to set up a quadratic regression orthogonal combination test.

[0070] Table 1 Factor level coding table

[0071]

[0072] Table 2 Experimental plan and results

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] Test results and analysis

[0076] The test results obtained in Table 1 and Table 2 were subjected to regression analysis, and the quadratic regression equations of the qualified rate of fertilization position y1 and fertilizer discharge stability y2 were obtained as follows:

[0077]

[0078] Table 3 Analysis of variance of qualified rate of fertilization position

[0079]

[0080] Since the p-value is less than 0.0500, it means that the model term is significant, and the p-value is greater than 0.1000, it means that the model term is not significant. 2 is an important model term, eliminating the insignificant AC, BC, and B 2 The new regression equation is obtained:

[0081] y1=95.54-2.26x1-1.42x2+1.86x3-2.04x1x2-3.47x1 2 -2.16x3 2 (14)

[0082] Table 4 Analysis of variance for fertilizer stability

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] Since the p-value is less than 0.0500, it means that the model term is significant, and the value is greater than 0.1000, it means that the model term is not significant. 2 , B 2 It is an important model term. Eliminating the insignificant A, B, C, AB, AC, we get a new regression equation:

[0086]

[0087] Depend on Figure 6 From (a), (b), and (c) in Fig. 1, it can be seen that when the number of holes or the size of the fertilizer inlet 7 remains unchanged, the qualified rate of fertilization position will first increase and then decrease as the conveyor belt speed increases. Because the above two factors directly affect the fertilizer filling process and have little effect on the fertilizer discharge process; Figure 6From (d) in the figure, it can be seen that when the fertilizer inlet 7 remains unchanged, the fertilizer discharge stability will first decrease and then increase with the increase of the forward speed and the number of holes; (e) it can be seen that when the number of holes remains unchanged, the fertilizer discharge stability will first decrease and then increase with the increase of the forward speed and the size of the fertilizer inlet 7. This is because the interval of fertilizer discharge is reduced when the speed increases. The initial decrease is because the fertilizer discharge capacity is excessive at this time. If the fertilizer discharge capacity cannot keep up, the fertilizer discharge stability will deteriorate; from (f) it can be seen that when the speed remains unchanged, the stability will first decrease and then increase with the increase of the number of holes and the increase of the size of the fertilizer inlet 7. This is because as the number of holes increases, the rotation angle of the disc during fertilizer discharge decreases, which will increase the stability at the beginning. Once the limit is exceeded, it will inevitably lead to a decrease in stability. The increase of the fertilizer inlet 7 will increase the efficiency of fertilizer filling, so it will improve the stability within a certain range.

[0088] Optimized design

[0089] In order to obtain stable fertilization performance, Design-Expert software was used to minimize the coefficient of variation and perform multi-objective optimization. The objectives and optimization conditions were as follows:

[0090]

[0091] ＜ The optimal solution of the device is that the travel speed is 0.44m / s, the number of holes is 6, and the fertilizer inlet 7 is 27*27mm. 2 The comprehensive effect was optimal when the fertilizer was applied at 95.09% and the fertilizer discharge stability was 8.59%, which met the agronomic requirements.

[0092] The other combinations and connection relationships of this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.

[0093] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hole-type intermittent rice side deep fertilization device, the fertilization device is arranged on a rice transplanter, characterized in that: The fertilization device includes a fertilizer discharge system and an air delivery system. The fertilizer discharging system comprises a bottom plate (1), a slider (2), a fertilizer discharging rotating disk (3), an upper shell (4), a rotating shaft (6) and a fertilizer inlet (7); the bottom plate (1) and the upper shell (4) are fixed to the fertilizer discharging port by bolts; one end of the rotating shaft (6) sequentially passes through the center of the upper shell (4) and the center of the fertilizer discharging rotating disk (3) between the upper shell (4) and the bottom plate (1) and is then connected to the center of the bottom plate (1) by a bearing; the fertilizer discharging rotating disk (3) is fixed on the rotating shaft (6); the other end of the rotating shaft (6) is connected to a rotating shaft motor arranged on the upper shell (4) or the air delivery system; The fertilizer discharging rotating disk (3) is provided with a plurality of holes evenly distributed in the circumference, each hole being provided with a slider (2), the height of the slider (2) being less than the thickness of the hole, the shape of the slider (2) matching the shape of the hole, the bottom end of the slider (2) being flush with the bottom end of the fertilizer discharging rotating disk (3) in the initial state, a push pin being provided at a position corresponding to a certain hole on the bottom plate (1), the position corresponding to the push pin on the upper shell (4) being connected to an air delivery system for blowing out the ejected fertilizer, and a fertilizer inlet (7) being provided on the upper shell (4), the fertilizer inlet (7) corresponding to the position of another hole; The air delivery system comprises a fan (8), a wind speed regulating switch (9), an air supply pipe (10), an air delivery and fertilizer discharge pipe (5) and a fertilizer discharge pipe (11); the fan (8) is connected to the air supply pipe (10), the air delivery and fertilizer discharge pipe (5) and the fertilizer discharge pipe (11) in sequence; the air supply pipe (10) is provided with a wind speed regulating switch (9); and the side wall of the air delivery and fertilizer discharge pipe (5) is connected to the upper shell (4).

2. The hole-type intermittent rice side deep fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ejector pin comprises a convex arc block and a square block.

3. The hole-type intermittent rice side deep fertilization device according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also comprises an annular groove, which is arranged on the bottom plate (1) and corresponds to a position around the slider (2), and the ejector pin is arranged in the annular groove.

4. The hole-type intermittent rice side deep fertilization device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air delivery system is fixed on a support frame on the rice transplanter, and is used to enable the rice transplanter to perform side deep fertilization operations while transplanting rice seedlings.

5. The hole-type intermittent rice side deep fertilization device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The profile hole is a circular profile hole.

6. A fertilization method using the hole-type intermittent rice side deep fertilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Fertilizer falls into the fertilizer inlet (7) under the action of gravity, and the rotating shaft motor drives the rotating shaft (6) to rotate. When the rotating shaft (6) drives the molded hole on the fertilizer discharging rotating disk (3) to rotate below the fertilizer inlet (7), the fertilizer also falls into the molded hole under the action of gravity, and the rotating shaft (6) on the slider (2) located in the molded hole continues to drive the fertilizer discharging rotating disk (3) to rotate. The rotating shaft motor with a set speed drives the fertilizer discharging rotating disk (3) to rotate to the fertilizer discharging hole corresponding to the fertilizer discharging pipe (11). At this time, the slider (2) contacts the ejection pin on the bottom plate (1), and the slider (2) is pushed upward under the action of the ejection pin, thereby ejecting the fertilizer in the molded hole. The ejected fertilizer is blown out of the fertilizer discharging pipe (11) under the action of negative pressure by the air delivery system, and falls on the ground under the action of gravity, thereby realizing intermittent fixed-point fertilization.

7. The fertilization method of the hole-type intermittent rice side deep fertilization device according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the sliding block (2) is lifted upward, the upper end surface of the sliding block (2) is flush with the upper end surface of the fertilizer discharge rotating disk (3).

8. The fertilization method of the hole-type intermittent rice side deep fertilization device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rice transplanter equipped with a fertilizer application device has a travel speed of 0.44 m / s, a number of holes of 6, and a size of a fertilizer inlet (7) of 27*27 mm. 2 .

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