Low-altitude barn feeding fattening method for yaks

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of feed breeding, and particularly relates to a yak low-altitude barn feeding fattening method. The method comprises the following steps: step 1) transitional period: 0-5 days after entering a fence, wherein the daily ration structure comprises 1-2 jin of corn straw grass and 10 g of salt; 6-10 days after entering the fence, the daily ration structure comprises 2-4 jin of corn straw grass, 10 g of salt and 2 liang of concentrate supplement; 11-15 days after the yak enters the fence, the daily ration structure comprises 4 jin of corn straw grass, 1 jin of straw, 10 g of salt and 2-4 liang of yak concentrate supplement; (2) in the early stage of fattening, putting into a fence for 16-30 days, wherein the daily ration structure comprises 0.5-2 jin of concentrated feed, 0.5 jin of corn straw grass, 0.5 jin of rice straw and the like; according to the method, the growth performance of the yaks can be effectively improved, the nutritional requirements and growth curves of the yaks are effectively combined, the adaptability of the yaks to the low-altitude environment is fully exerted, and the concept of short-term rapid fattening of the yaks is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of feed breeding, and specifically relates to a method for fattening yaks at low altitudes. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the yak industry, the demand for yak meat and yak products has increased year by year. According to statistics, the annual slaughter volume of yaks in Chengdu, Sichuan Province reaches more than 1 million, which has a broad market capacity. As a traditional plateau livestock, yaks are mainly grazed on the plateau, grow slowly and have poor meat quality. However, the plateau area has inconvenient transportation, scarce forage resources, and high cost of fattening yaks in sheds.

[0003] In addition, the low-altitude yak fattening technology moves the yak fattening site from the plateau to the low-altitude agricultural area. The existing related technologies are mainly based on healthy feeding, lacking cost control and institutionalized feeding documents. At the same time, the existing technology lacks scientific and practical methods for removing grass and fodder, and has poor economic efficiency, making it difficult to achieve satisfactory results.

[0004] Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a low-altitude yak fattening technology to improve the growth performance of yaks. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for fattening yaks at low altitudes. The method not only meets the nutritional needs of yaks raised at low altitudes, but also effectively improves the growth performance and economic benefits of yaks, and is simple to operate and has obvious effects.

[0006] In order to achieve the above invention object, the specific technical solution of the present invention is:

[0007] A method for fattening yaks at low altitudes comprises the following steps:

[0008] 1) Transition period:

[0009] 0-5 days after entering the pen, the daily diet structure is 1-2 catties of corn straw and 10g of salt;

[0010] 6-10 days after entering the pen, the daily diet structure is 2-4 catties of corn straw, 10 g of salt, and 2 liang of concentrated feed supplement;

[0011] 11-15 days after entering the pen, the daily diet structure is 4 catties of corn straw, 1 catty of rice straw, 10 grams of salt, and 2-4 taels of yak concentrate supplement;

[0012] 2) Early stage of fattening:

[0013] 16-30 days after entering the pen, the daily diet structure is 4 liang-2 jin of concentrated feed, 4 jin of corn straw, and 1 jin of rice straw;

[0014] 31-60 days after entering the pen, the daily diet structure is 2-4 catties of concentrated feed, 1 catties of white wine lees, 2 catties of corn straw, and 2 catties of rice straw;

[0015] 61-120 days after entering the pen, the daily diet structure is 4-8 catties of concentrated feed, 2 catties of white wine lees, 2 catties of corn straw, and 2 catties of rice straw;

[0016] 3) Late fattening period:

[0017] 121-150 days after entering the pen, the daily diet structure is 8-10 catties of concentrated feed, 3 catties of white wine lees, 2 catties of corn straw, and 2 catties of rice straw;

[0018] 151-180 days after entering the pen, the daily diet structure is 10-12 jin of concentrated feed, 3 jin of white wine grains, 1 jin of corn straw, and 3 jin of rice straw.

[0019] Furthermore, during the transition period of the low-altitude yak fattening method, the concentrate contains the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 60% corn, 10% soybean meal, 9.5% bran, 8% corn alcohol grains, 6% sprayed corn husks, 2% stone powder, 0.5% slow-release urea, 0.2% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5% sodium bicarbonate, 0.3% salt, and 3% yak premix feed.

[0020] Furthermore, in the low-altitude barn fattening method for yaks, some green hay can be supplemented according to the situation on the 0-5th day after entering the pen, and the hay is chopped; on the 6th to 10th day after entering the pen, the hay is chopped and configured into a TMR diet; on the 11th to 15th day after entering the pen, the hay is chopped and configured into a TMR diet.

[0021] Furthermore, in the early stage of fattening in the low-altitude yak fattening method, the concentrate contains the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 65% corn, 8% soybean meal, 5% bran, 8% corn alcohol grains, 7.2% sprayed corn husks, 0.2% soybean oil, 0.8% slow-release urea, 1.5% stone powder, 0.3% magnesium oxide, 0.5% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5% salt, and 3% yak premix feed.

[0022] Furthermore, in the early stage of fattening in the low-altitude yak fattening method, the daily diet TMR is prepared with a moisture content of 35%-40%; the concentrate is added in steps of 0.5 catties, with a change cycle of 3-5 days.

[0023] Furthermore, in the late fattening stage of the low-altitude yak fattening method, the concentrate contains the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 72% corn, 6% soybean meal, 4% bran, 1.2% soybean oil, 1% slow-release urea, 6% corn alcohol grains, 4% sprayed corn husks, 1.5% stone powder, 0.3% magnesium oxide, 0.5% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5% salt, and 3% yak premix feed.

[0024] Furthermore, in the late fattening stage of the low-altitude yak fattening method, the diet is made of TMR, with a moisture content of 35%-40%, and the concentrate is added in steps of 0.5 catties, with a change cycle of 3-5 days. 8. The low-altitude yak fattening method according to claim 1, characterized in that the 3% fattening yak premix feed contains vitamins and minerals, and the vitamins contain the following components by weight: 8 million IU of vitamin A, 4 million IU of vitamin D, 20g of vitamin E, 5g of vitamin B2, 4g of vitamin B1, 5g of vitamin B6, and 700g of fine rice bran.

[0025] Furthermore, in the method for fattening yaks at low altitudes, the trace element premix includes the following components in parts by weight: 80 g of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 22 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 100 g of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 85 g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 15 g of potassium iodide, and 800 g of stone powder.

[0026] Furthermore, the remaining components in the premix are filled with rice husk powder.

[0027] Furthermore, in the method for fattening yaks at low altitudes, the method for preparing beef cattle TMR comprises the following steps:

[0028] (1) Preparation of concentrate supplement: weigh each component raw material according to the weight ratio, crush the corn and cottonseed meal in the component, and then mix the crushed component raw material with other raw materials in a mixer for 150-200 seconds, mix them evenly, and pack them into bags;

[0029] (2) Preparation of TMR diet: Weigh the raw materials of each component according to the weight ratio, and mix the components in a TMR machine for 20-30 minutes to mix them evenly.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0031] (1) The present invention studies the conventional nutritional indicators, trace elements and vitamin requirements for fattening yaks, and the resulting compound feed preparation technology is more scientific and more comprehensive;

[0032] (ii) the use of a full range of TMR diets is more conducive to the promotion and use of the invention;

[0033] (III) The fattening scheme of the present invention not only meets the nutritional needs of yaks, but also achieves the effect of short-term rapid fattening, with the daily weight gain reaching more than 750g / d throughout the whole process.

[0034] (IV) The present invention summarizes the previous research results, summarizes and studies the nutritional requirements of yaks, and formulates a complete TMR diet.

[0035] (V) The present invention effectively improves the growth performance of yaks, effectively combines the nutritional needs and growth curves of yaks, gives full play to the adaptability of yaks to low-altitude environments, and achieves the concept of short-term rapid fattening of yaks. Based on the study of yak nutritional needs, a full set of breeding plans is provided, and the changes in fattening costs are fully considered, providing the most professional guidance for yak breeding and increasing breeding income. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments, which are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] The raw materials used in this application are all commercially available products.

[0038] In this application, % refers to mass percentage unless otherwise specified.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] A method for fattening yaks at low altitudes comprises the following steps:

[0041] Transition period:

[0042] The transition period of yaks varies greatly according to the different adaptability of cattle to feed. Cattle in pastoral areas that are supplemented with feed adapt faster, while cattle in pastoral areas that are purely grazed adapt slower. The amount of forage is adjusted according to the adaptability of cattle to hay and concentrate. The concentrate formula is as follows: 60% corn, 10% soybean meal, 9.5% bran, 8% corn alcohol grains, 6% sprayed corn husks, 2% stone powder, 0.5% slow-release urea, 0.2% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5% sodium bicarbonate, 0.3% salt, and 3% yak premix feed.

[0043] Table 1 Nutritional plan for yaks during transition period

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] Early fattening period:

[0047] In the early stage of yak fattening, the daily diet is adjusted according to the mental state and feces of the cattle, the amount of concentrate feed is gradually increased, and the amount of hay added is gradually stabilized. The mental state of the cattle is good, and the feces score is 2-3 points, and it can continue to be fed according to the regulations. The concentrate formula is as follows: 65% corn, 8% soybean meal, 5% bran, 8% corn alcohol grains, 7.2% sprayed corn husk, 0.2% soybean oil, 0.8% slow-release urea, 1.5% stone powder, 0.3% magnesium oxide, 0.5% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5% salt, and 3% yak premix feed.

[0048] Table 2 Nutritional plan for early fattening of yaks

[0049]

[0050] 3) Late fattening period:

[0051] In the later stage of yak fattening, the diet is adjusted according to the mental state and feces of the cattle, the amount of concentrate feed is gradually increased, and the amount of hay added is gradually stabilized. The mental state of the cattle is good, and the feces score is 2-3 points, and it can continue to be fed according to the regulations. The concentrate formula is as follows: corn 72%, soybean meal 6%, bran 4%, soybean oil 1.2%, slow-release urea 1%, corn alcohol grains 6%, sprayed corn husk 4%, stone powder 1.5%, magnesium oxide 0.3%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.5%, salt 0.5%, yak premix feed 3%.

[0052] Table 3 Nutritional plan for late fattening of yaks

[0053]

[0054] The 3% fattening yak premix feed of the present invention contains vitamins and minerals, and the vitamins contain the following components in parts by weight: 8 million IU of vitamin A, 4 million IU of vitamin D, 20g of vitamin E, 5g of vitamin B2, 4g of vitamin B1, 5g of vitamin B6, and 700g of fine rice bran.

[0055] The trace element premix of the present invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 g of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 22 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 100 g of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 85 g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 15 g of potassium iodide and 800 g of stone powder.

[0056] The remaining components in the premix are filled with rice husk powder.

[0057] The method for preparing beef cattle TMR in the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0058] (1) Preparation of concentrate supplement: weigh the raw materials of each component according to the following weight, crush the corn and cottonseed meal in the component, and then mix the crushed raw materials with other raw materials in a mixer for 150-200 seconds, mix them evenly, and pack them into bags;

[0059] (2) Preparation of TMR diet: Weigh the raw materials of each component according to the following weight, and mix the components in a TMR machine for 20-30 minutes until mixed evenly.

[0060] Excellent cases of this program:

[0061] Empirical experiments were carried out at a yak breeding base in Xiaojin County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province.

[0062] (1) Experimental grouping: This experiment adopted a large group experimental design. 90 male Jiulong yaks aged 3-4 years and weighing 240±10kg were selected and randomly divided into three treatments, with 30 yaks in each treatment.

[0063] in:

[0064] Control group 1 was a traditional self-prepared concentrate feed group, which prepared its own TMR diet for yak transition and fattening breeding;

[0065] The main components of the concentrate are as follows:

[0066] Corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, salt, baking soda, compound premix feed.

[0067] After laboratory testing, the nutritional indicators of this self-mixed supplement can reach: crude protein 16.2%, crude fat 3.35%, crude fiber 3.35%, crude ash 4.96%, net energy for beef cattle weight gain 1416Kcal / Kg, calcium 0.92%, available phosphorus 0.55%, lysine 0.4%, and methionine 0.2%.

[0068] Control group 2 used a yak fattening concentrate feed from the market, and the rest of the TMR schemes were implemented using this scheme;

[0069] Its main components are as follows:

[0070] Corn, soybean meal, corn alcohol grains, cottonseed meal, salt, stone powder, baking soda, calcium hydrogen phosphate, lysine, methionine, vitamin premix, trace element premix, enzyme preparation.

[0071] According to laboratory testing, the nutritional indicators of the concentrated feed supplement for yaks during the fattening period can reach: crude protein 15.2%, crude fat 5.35%, crude fiber 4.35%, crude ash 8.96%, net energy for beef cattle weight gain 1345Kcal / Kg, calcium 0.82%, available phosphorus 0.45%, lysine 0.5%, and methionine 0.25%.

[0072] (2) Feeding and management: The experimental cattle were fed in large groups, with 90 cattle fed in three pens, each pens is 600 square meters, ensuring 20 square meters per cattle. The cattle were originally grazed in the high mountain area at an altitude of 3200 meters, and then transported to the yak breeding base at an altitude of 1218 meters for transitional breeding. Yak feeding was strictly implemented according to the TMR formula and concentrate formula of each plan. The experiment lasted for 180 days, and the daily feed intake and initial weight, final weight, yak diseases and mortality were recorded. Note: No food or water was taken 12 hours before weighing, and the yaks were weighed at 9:00 in the morning.

[0073] (3) Data statistical analysis: The raw data is processed and analyzed in Excel.

[0074] The test data of each group are as follows:

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] The experimental group used the scheme adopted by the present invention for both the concentrate and TMR formulas.

[0078] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is only illustrative and not restrictive of the present invention. A person skilled in the art will understand that many changes, modifications and even equivalent changes may be made to the present invention within the spirit and scope defined by the claims of the present invention, but all of them will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for fattening yaks at low altitudes, characterized in that The following steps are involved: 1) Transition period: 0-5 days after entering the pen, the daily diet structure is 1-2 catties of corn straw and 10g of salt; 6-10 days after entering the pen, the daily diet structure is 2-4 catties of corn straw, 10 g of salt, and 2 liang of concentrated feed supplement; 11-15 days after entering the pen, the daily diet structure is 4 catties of corn straw, 1 catty of rice straw, 10 grams of salt, and 2-4 taels of yak concentrate supplement; 2) Early stage of fattening: 16-30 days after entering the pen, the daily diet structure is 4 liang-2 jin of concentrated feed, 4 jin of corn straw, and 1 jin of rice straw; 31-60 days after entering the pen, the daily diet structure is 2-4 catties of concentrated feed, 1 catties of white wine lees, 2 catties of corn straw, and 2 catties of rice straw; 61-120 days after entering the pen, the daily diet structure is 4-8 catties of concentrated feed, 2 catties of white wine lees, 2 catties of corn straw, and 2 catties of rice straw; 3) Late fattening period: 121-150 days after entering the pen, the daily diet structure is 8-10 catties of concentrated feed, 3 catties of white wine lees, 2 catties of corn straw, and 2 catties of rice straw; 151-180 days after entering the pen, the daily diet structure is 10-12 jin of concentrated feed, 3 jin of white wine grains, 1 jin of corn straw, and 3 jin of rice straw.

2. The method for fattening yaks at low altitudes according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the transition period, the concentrate supplement contained the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 60% corn, 10% soybean meal, 9.5% bran, 8% corn distillers grains, 6% sprayed corn husks, 2% stone powder, 0.5% slow-release urea, 0.2% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5% sodium bicarbonate, 0.3% salt, and 3% yak premix feed.

3. The method for fattening yaks at low altitudes according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the 0th to 5th day after entering the pen, some green hay can be added according to the situation, and the hay can be chopped; on the 6th to 10th day after entering the pen, the hay can be chopped and prepared into a TMR diet; on the 11th to 15th day after entering the pen, the hay can be chopped and prepared into a TMR diet.

4. The method for fattening yaks at low altitudes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the early stage of fattening, the concentrate contains the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 65% corn, 8% soybean meal, 5% bran, 8% corn distillers grains, 7.2% sprayed corn husks, 0.2% soybean oil, 0.8% slow-release urea, 1.5% stone powder, 0.3% magnesium oxide, 0.5% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5% salt, and 3% yak premix feed.

5. The method for fattening yaks at low altitudes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the early stage of fattening, the daily diet TMR is prepared with a moisture content of 35wt%-40wt%; the addition of concentrate is in steps of 0.5 catties, with a change cycle of 3-5 days.

6. The method for fattening yaks at low altitudes as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the later stage of fattening, the concentrate contains the following raw materials in percentage by weight: corn 72%, soybean meal 6%, bran 4%, soybean oil 1.2%, slow-release urea 1%, corn alcohol grains 6%, sprayed corn husks 4%, stone powder 1.5%, magnesium oxide 0.3%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.5%, salt 0.5%, and yak premix feed 3%.

7. The method for fattening yaks at low altitudes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the later stage of fattening, the daily diet is made of TMR, with a moisture content of 35%-40%, and the addition of concentrate is in steps of 0.5 catties, with a change cycle of 3-5 days.

8. The method for fattening yaks at low altitudes as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The 3% fattening yak premix feed contains vitamins and minerals, and the vitamins contain the following components in parts by weight: 8 million IU of vitamin A, 4 million IU of vitamin D, 20g of vitamin E, 5g of vitamin B2, 4g of vitamin B1, 5g of vitamin B6, and 700g of fine rice bran.

9. The method for fattening yaks at low altitudes as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The trace element premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 g of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 22 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 100 g of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 85 g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 15 g of potassium iodide and 800 g of stone powder; the remaining components in the premix are filled with rice husk powder.

10. The method for fattening yaks at low altitudes according to claim 3, 5 or 7, characterized in that: The preparation method of TMR comprises the following steps: (1) Preparation of concentrate supplement: weighing each component raw material as required; crushing corn and cottonseed meal in the component, and mixing the crushed component raw materials with other raw materials in a mixer for 150-200 seconds, mixing evenly, and packaging into bags; (2) Preparation of TMR diet: Weigh the raw materials of each component according to weight, mix the components in a TMR machine for 20-30 minutes, and mix them evenly.

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