A manufacturing method and application of a three-layer anti- / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure

Abstract

The application discloses a manufacturing method and application of a three-layer anti-icing / deicing product with a surface micro-nano structure. The product manufacturing comprises the following steps: manufacturing a template with a micro-structure array on the surface, fixing the template in a mold cavity, spraying a nano-carbon material dispersion liquid on the surface of the micro-structure array of the template to form a coating, and manufacturing the product by using mold pressing or injection molding. The product manufactured by the application has a micro-nano structure on the surface, and is divided into a carbon material surface layer, a polymer material / nano-carbon material mixed layer and a polymer material layer along the thickness direction. The micro-nano structure on the surface endows the product with super-hydrophobic and low-adhesion characteristics; the micro-nano structure on the surface has a light-trapping characteristic, so that more incident sunlight is absorbed by the surface layer to be converted into heat energy, and the heat is conducted through the surface layer and the mixed layer; and the surface layer and the mixed layer have high electric conductivity, so that the surface temperature can be quickly and uniformly increased in the case of photo-thermal and electro-thermal conditions. The product can be applied to active and passive anti-icing / deicing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of functional surface engineering, specifically to a manufacturing method and application of a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure. Background Technology

[0002] Icing can severely impact transportation and industrial production. Existing anti-icing / de-icing methods can be categorized into passive and active methods. Passive methods include mechanical vibration, electrothermal, and photothermal de-icing, which are energy-intensive. Active methods involve creating micro / nano structures or coating materials with nanomaterials on the surface to make it superhydrophobic and low-adhesion, allowing droplets and ice to easily self-remove. These methods require no energy but are less efficient. Single active or passive anti-icing / de-icing methods are insufficient to meet the requirements of all-weather, long-term anti-icing / de-icing in harsh environments. Combining micro / nano structured surfaces with active anti-icing / de-icing capabilities with materials possessing passive anti-icing / de-icing capabilities (photothermal and electrothermal) is of great significance in creating surfaces with both active and passive anti-icing / de-icing functions.

[0003] Polymer materials are ideal for the large-scale production of anti-icing / de-icing products with micro / nano structures on their surfaces. Products with micro / nano structures made from polymer materials exhibit superhydrophobic and low-adhesion properties, but suffer from lower abrasion resistance and weather resistance, and these properties are prone to failure under low temperature and high humidity conditions. Nanomaterials (such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and graphene) possess high electrical and thermal conductivity, enabling the manufacture of thin-layer electrothermal elements with high heating efficiency, suitable for electrothermal anti-icing / de-icing applications. Nanomaterials also exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency, showing great potential for photothermal anti-icing / de-icing applications. However, thin-layer products made from nanomaterials have poor toughness and ductility. Combining polymer materials with nanomaterials can create products with both active and passive anti-icing / de-icing functions. For example, a layer of nano-carbon-based material can be coated on the surface of polymer materials to give the surface high thermal and electrical conductivity. However, the adhesion between the nano-carbon-based material layer and the polymer material is weak, resulting in poor peel resistance and abrasion resistance. Ensuring the adhesion strength between the nano-carbon-based material and the polymer material, and rationally designing the micro / nano structure of the surface to improve active and passive anti-icing / de-icing performance, are key technical challenges. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a manufacturing method for a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure.

[0005] Another objective of this invention is to provide an application of a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] A method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure includes the following three steps.

[0008] (1) Manufacturing a template with a microstructure array on the surface and fixing the template in the cavity of the mold;

[0009] (2) Prepare a dispersion of nano-carbon materials and spray it onto the surface of the microstructure array of the template inside the mold cavity to form a uniformly distributed nano-carbon material coating.

[0010] (3) Use compression molding or injection molding to manufacture three-layer anti-icing / de-icing products with surface micro-nano structures.

[0011] As a preferred option, in step (1), the method for manufacturing a template with a microstructure array on the surface is precision milling or laser etching, wherein the microstructure array is a micro pyramid, micro pyramid or micro cylinder array.

[0012] As a preferred option, in step (2), the nano-carbon material used is carbon nanotube, nano-carbon black, graphene or carbon nanofiber; the nano-carbon material can be hydrophobically modified, and the hydrophobic modifier is fluorosilane or silane coupling agent.

[0013] As a preferred option, in step (3), the polymer material used for compression molding or injection molding is thermoplastic polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene or polymethyl methacrylate.

[0014] As a preferred option, in step (3), when manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure using compression molding, a thin sheet of polymer material is placed on a template coated with a nano-carbon material in the mold cavity, the mold is heated to melt the thin sheet of polymer material, and the melt fills the mold cavity under pressure. After pressure holding, cooling and shaping, a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure is obtained.

[0015] As a preferred option, in step (3), when using injection molding to manufacture a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure, the polymer material is melted and mixed into a melt using an injection molding machine. The melt is then injected into a mold cavity with a template coated with a nano-carbon material. Under the action of the filling pressure or the mold compression force, the melt fills the mold cavity. After the melt is held under pressure, cooled and shaped, a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure is obtained.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, in step (3), the microstructure on the surface of the three-layer polymer material product with surface micro-nano structure is a concave pyramid, a concave polygonal pyramid, or a circular hole; the characteristic size and center distance of the microstructure are both 10-500 μm; the characteristic size of the submicron or nanoscale structure formed by the agglomeration of nano-carbon materials on the surface of the microstructure is 5-800 nm; along the thickness direction of the product, it is divided into a nano-carbon material surface layer, a polymer material / nano-carbon material mixed layer, and a polymer material layer.

[0017] The principle behind the three-layer structure in the thickness direction and the surface micro / nano structure of the product manufactured by this invention is as follows: During the melt filling process, under pressure, the melt fills the microstructure array channels on the template, forming microstructures on the surface of the product. The melt fully wets the nano-carbon material coating on the template surface and penetrates into the voids within the coating. Under the action of a local flow field, it mixes with the nano-carbon material to form a polymer / nano-carbon material mixed layer of a certain thickness. The melt that is not mixed with the nano-carbon material forms a polymer matrix layer. A small portion of the submicron or nano-scale nano-carbon material aggregates exposed on the surface of the mixed layer form a nano-carbon material surface layer, which, together with the microstructures on the surface of the product, constitutes the surface micro / nano structure.

[0018] The anti-icing / de-icing principle of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure manufactured by this invention is as follows. The active anti-icing principle is that the surface micro-nano structure endows it with superhydrophobic and low-adhesion properties, making it easy for droplets and ice droplets on the surface to self-remove. The small contact area between the droplets and the product surface, coupled with the air trapped within the micro-nano structure, increases the thermal resistance between the droplets and the surface, effectively prolonging the freezing time of droplets stationary on the surface. The passive anti-icing / de-icing principle is that the surface micro-nano structure has light-trapping properties, allowing more incident sunlight to be absorbed by the nano-carbon material surface layer and undergo photothermal conversion, rapidly increasing the surface temperature. This heat is then transferred to lower surface temperature areas through the highly thermally conductive surface layer and hybrid layer, improving the uniformity of heat distribution on the product surface and causing ice droplets or ice layers on the surface to melt quickly. The surface layer and hybrid layer have high electrical conductivity, generating Joule heating on the product surface when direct current is applied, rapidly increasing the surface temperature and achieving the purpose of passive anti-icing / de-icing.

[0019] An application of a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure is disclosed. The product utilizes the superhydrophobic and low-adhesion properties of the surface micro-nano structure for active anti-icing, and utilizes the photothermal and / or electrothermal effects of the nano-carbon material surface layer and the polymer / nano-carbon material hybrid layer for passive anti-icing and de-icing.

[0020] The present invention has the following advantages.

[0021] The manufacturing process of microstructure arrays on template surfaces is simple, and the size and distribution of microstructures can be controlled by changing the processing parameters of precision milling or laser etching.

[0022] Products with surface micro-nano structures can be manufactured without processing nanoscale structures on the template, which can improve the service life of the template and make the products easier to demold.

[0023] The manufacturing process of three-layer anti-icing / de-icing products with surface micro-nano structures is simple and flexible, with low cost and can be mass-produced.

[0024] The three-layer anti-icing / de-icing products with surface micro-nano structures have high active anti-icing performance and passive photothermal and electrothermal anti-icing / de-icing performance; they also have high wear resistance, and even after slight wear, the surface micro-nano structures still have photothermal and electrothermal de-icing performance, and the time required for de-icing is even shorter than before wear. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure according to the present invention. In the figure, 1 represents the surface layer of nano-carbon material, 2 represents the mixed layer of polymer material / nano-carbon material, and 3 represents the polymer material layer.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro / nano structure of the present invention, corresponding to Example 1.

[0027] Figure 3 The wettability of water droplets (4 μL) on the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure of the present invention corresponds to Example 1.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a representative microscopic optical photograph of the melting process of ice droplets on the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product of the present invention, which is tilted at 30° and has a surface micro-nano structure, when it is vertically irradiated by a simulated sunlight source, corresponding to Example 1.

[0029] Figure 5 To illustrate the representative microscopic optical photograph of the melting process of ice droplets on the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure of the present invention under vertical irradiation by a simulated sunlight source, corresponding to Example 1.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a representative microscopic optical photograph of the melting process of ice droplets on the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure of the present invention when a 12V DC current is applied to the surface, corresponding to Example 1.

[0031] Figure 7To provide a representative microscopic optical photograph of the melting process of ice droplets on the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure of the present invention, which is simultaneously subjected to vertical irradiation by a simulated sunlight source and a 12V DC current, corresponding to Example 1.

[0032] Figure 8 To illustrate the representative microscopic optical photograph of the melting process of ice droplets on the rubbed surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure of the present invention under vertical irradiation by a simulated sunlight source, corresponding to Example 1.

[0033] Figure 9 This is a representative microscopic optical photograph of the melting process of ice droplets on the rubbed surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure of the present invention when a 12V DC current is applied, corresponding to Example 1.

[0034] Figure 10 To obtain a representative microscopic optical photograph of the melting process of ice droplets on the rubbed surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure of the present invention, which is simultaneously subjected to vertical irradiation by a simulated sunlight source and a 12V DC current, corresponding to Example 1.

[0035] Figure 11 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro / nano structure of the present invention, corresponding to Example 2.

[0036] Figure 12 The wettability of water droplets (4 μL) on the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure of the present invention corresponds to Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure according to the present invention. The product has a surface micro / nano structure and a submicron or nanoscale structure formed by aggregates of nano-carbon materials on the surface of the microstructure. Along the thickness direction, it is divided into a nano-carbon material surface layer 1, a polymer material / nano-carbon material hybrid layer 2, and a polymer material matrix layer 3.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] This embodiment discloses a method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure, comprising the following three steps.

[0041] (1) A template with a micro pyramid structure array on the surface is manufactured by precision milling. The bottom side length of each micro pyramid is 70μm and the height is 70μm. The center distance between two adjacent micro pyramids is 80μm. The template is fixed in the cavity of the molding die.

[0042] (2) Hydrophobic modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was carried out using 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane. The MWCNTs were added to anhydrous ethanol and then mechanically stirred and ultrasonically vibrated to obtain a MWCNTs dispersion. The dispersion was sprayed onto the surface of the microstructure array of the template in the cavity of the molding die to form a uniformly distributed MWCNTs coating with a thickness of about 20 μm.

[0043] (3) Place the thermoplastic polyurethane sheet on the surface of the template coated with MWCNTs in the cavity of the molding die, heat the molding die to reach 180°C, and after 15 minutes, mold it under a pressure of 10MPa. After cooling, shaping and demolding, a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure is obtained.

[0044] Figure 2 The image shown is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro / nano structures manufactured in this embodiment. It can be seen that the surface has a regularly arranged array of concave pyramid microstructures, with a center-to-center distance of 80 μm between adjacent concave pyramids.

[0045] Figure 3 The wettability of a 4 μL water droplet on the surface of a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure manufactured in this embodiment is shown. The contact angle of the water droplet on this surface is 152.3° and the roll-off angle is approximately 5°, indicating that the surface has static superhydrophobic and low adhesion properties.

[0046] The photothermal ice droplet self-removal performance of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with micro / nano surface structure manufactured in this embodiment was tested. A 50 μL droplet of room temperature (25°C) water was dropped onto the surface of the product placed in a -20°C constant-temperature cooling stage. After 10 minutes (when the water droplet was completely frozen), the product was tilted at 30°, and the surface was vertically irradiated with a simulated sunlight intensity. Representative microscopic optical images of the ice droplet melting process are shown below. Figure 4 As shown, ice droplets begin to slide on the surface of the product after 11 seconds of light exposure, and the sliding speed gradually increases thereafter, completely sliding off the surface after about 23 seconds. The ice droplets can be quickly removed from the surface of the product, achieving the purpose of efficient and rapid de-icing.

[0047] The photothermal, electrothermal, and photoelectric thermal de-icing properties of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro / nano structures manufactured in this embodiment were tested. During the electrothermal de-icing test, copper electrode clips were attached to two pairs of sides of the product, and a voltage was applied to the electrode clips through a DC adjustable power supply. A 50 μL droplet of room temperature (25°C) water was dropped onto the surface of the product, which was placed in a -20°C constant-temperature cold stage. After 10 minutes, de-icing was performed under three different conditions: vertical irradiation with a simulated sunlight source, application of a 12V DC power supply, and simultaneous vertical irradiation with a simulated sunlight source and application of a 12V DC power supply. Representative microscopic optical images of the ice droplet melting process are shown below. Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the time required for photothermal melting is approximately 151 seconds, for electrothermal melting it is approximately 96 seconds, and for photothermal melting it is only approximately 79 seconds.

[0048] The three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure manufactured in this embodiment was placed on #400 sandpaper, and the surface of the micro / nano structure was rubbed for 2.5 μm under a pressure of 1.25 kPa. The photothermal, electrothermal, and photoelectric thermal de-icing properties of the product after rubbing were tested. The test method was the same as above, and the results are as follows. Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the time required for photothermal melting is approximately 109 seconds, for electrothermal melting it is approximately 89 seconds, and for photothermal melting it is only approximately 71 seconds, all of which are shorter than the corresponding melting times for the aforementioned unfried products.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] This embodiment describes a method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure. The steps are the same as those in Embodiment 1, but the differences are in the following two aspects. In step (1), the manufactured surface has a template with a micro pyramid structure array. Each micro pyramid has a base side length of 110 μm and a height of 110 μm, and the center distance between two adjacent micro pyramids is 120 μm.

[0051] Figure 11 The image shown is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the surface of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro / nano structures manufactured in this embodiment. It can be seen that the surface has a regularly arranged array of concave pyramid microstructures, with a center-to-center distance of 120 μm between adjacent concave pyramids.

[0052] Figure 12 The wettability of a 4 μL water droplet on the surface of a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure manufactured in this embodiment is shown. The water droplet has a contact angle of 150.1° and a roll-off angle of approximately 8° on the surface, indicating that the surface exhibits static superhydrophobic and low adhesion properties.

[0053] The photothermal, electrothermal, and photoelectric thermal de-icing performance of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure manufactured in this embodiment was tested.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] This embodiment describes a method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure. The steps are the same as in Embodiment 1, but the differences are in the following three aspects. In step (1), a template with a micro pentagonal pyramidal structure array on the surface is manufactured by laser etching. The bottom side length of each micro pentagonal pyramid is 100 μm and the height is 150 μm. The center distance between two adjacent micro pentagonal pyramids is 180 μm. In step (2), nano carbon black (CB) is added to ethyl acetate and mechanically stirred and ultrasonically vibrated to obtain a CB dispersion. The dispersion is sprayed onto the surface of the microstructure array of the template in the injection mold cavity to form a uniformly distributed CB coating with a thickness of about 10 μm. In step (3), polypropylene is melted and mixed into a melt using an injection molding machine. The melt is injected into the mold cavity. Under the action of the filling pressure, the melt fills the mold cavity. After the melt is held under pressure, cooled, and shaped, a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure is obtained.

[0056] The photothermal, electrothermal, and photoelectric thermal de-icing performance of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure manufactured in this embodiment was tested.

[0057] Example 4

[0058] This embodiment describes a method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure. The steps are the same as those in Embodiment 3, but the differences are reflected in the following three aspects. In step (1), the template used is a micro-cylindrical structure array template, with each micro-cylinder having a diameter of 50 μm and a height of 50 μm, and a center-to-center distance of 100 μm between two adjacent micro-cylinders; in step (2), the nano-carbon material used is graphene; in step (3), the polymer material used is polyethylene.

[0059] The photothermal, electrothermal, and photoelectric thermal de-icing performance of the three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with surface micro-nano structure manufactured in this embodiment was tested.

[0060] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure, characterized in that, It includes the following three steps, (1) Manufacturing a template with a microstructure array on the surface and fixing the template in the cavity of the mold; (2) Prepare a dispersion of nano-carbon materials and spray it onto the surface of the microstructure array of the template inside the mold cavity to form a uniformly distributed nano-carbon material coating. (3) Use compression molding or injection molding to manufacture three-layer anti-icing / de-icing products with surface micro-nano structures.

2. The manufacturing method of a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the method for manufacturing a template with a microstructure array on the surface is precision milling or laser etching, and the microstructure array is a micro pyramid, micro pyramid or micro cylinder array.

3. The manufacturing method of a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the nano-carbon materials used are carbon nanotubes, nano-carbon black, graphene or carbon nanofibers; the nano-carbon materials can be hydrophobically modified, and the hydrophobic modifier is fluorosilane or silane coupling agent.

4. The manufacturing method of a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the polymer material used for compression molding or injection molding is thermoplastic polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene or polymethyl methacrylate.

5. The method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), when manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure by compression molding, a thin sheet of polymer material is placed on a template coated with a nano-carbon material in the mold cavity. The mold is heated to melt the thin sheet of polymer material. Under pressure, the melt fills the mold cavity. After pressure holding, cooling and shaping, a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure is obtained.

6. The manufacturing method of a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), when using injection molding to manufacture a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure, the injection molding machine is used to melt and mix the polymer material into a melt. The melt is then injected into the mold cavity of a template with a nano-carbon material coating. Under the action of the filling pressure or the mold compression force, the melt fills the mold cavity. After the melt is held under pressure, cooled and shaped, a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro-nano structure is obtained.

7. The method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the microstructure on the surface of the three-layer polymer material product with surface micro-nano structure is a concave pyramid, a concave polygonal pyramid or a circular hole; the characteristic size and center distance of the microstructure are 10~500 μm; the characteristic size of the submicron or nanoscale structure formed by the agglomeration of nano-carbon materials on the surface of the microstructure is 5~800 nm; along the thickness direction of the product, it is divided into a nano-carbon material surface layer, a polymer material / nano-carbon material mixed layer and a polymer material layer.

8. The manufacturing method of a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), during the melt filling process, under pressure, the melt fills into the microstructure array channels on the template to form microstructures on the surface of the product. The melt fully wets the nano-carbon material coating on the template surface and penetrates into the voids within the coating. Under the action of a local flow field, it mixes with the nano-carbon material to form a polymer / nano-carbon material hybrid layer with a certain thickness. The melt that is not mixed with the nano-carbon material forms a polymer matrix layer; a small portion of the submicron or nano-scale nano-carbon material aggregates exposed on the surface of the mixed layer form a nano-carbon material surface layer, which together with the microstructure of the product surface constitutes a surface micro-nano structure.

9. A method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active anti-icing principle of the product is that the micro-nano structure of the surface endows it with superhydrophobic and low-adhesion properties, making it easy for droplets and ice droplets on the surface to be removed. The small contact area between the droplets and the product surface, and the air trapped in the micro-nano structure, can increase the thermal resistance between the droplets and the surface, effectively prolonging the freezing time of droplets stationary on the surface. The passive anti-icing / de-icing principle is that the surface micro-nano structure has light-trapping properties, which allows more incident sunlight to be absorbed by the surface layer of the nano-carbon material and undergo photothermal conversion, causing the surface temperature to rise rapidly. The heat is then transferred to the lower surface temperature areas through the surface layer and the hybrid layer, which have high thermal conductivity, which helps to improve the uniformity of heat distribution on the product surface and allows ice droplets or ice layers on the surface to melt quickly. The surface layer and the hybrid layer have high electrical conductivity, and when direct current is applied, the product surface can generate Joule heating, which can rapidly raise the surface temperature and achieve the purpose of passive anti-icing / de-icing.

10. A method for manufacturing a three-layer anti-icing / de-icing product with a surface micro / nano structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Active anti-icing is achieved by utilizing the superhydrophobic and low-adhesion properties of the micro-nano structure on the surface of the product, while passive anti-icing and de-icing are achieved by utilizing the photothermal and / or electrothermal effects of the surface layer of nano-carbon materials and the mixed layer of polymer materials / nano-carbon materials.

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