A combined horizontal thrust and sector-shaped turning method for inclined coal seam open-pit mines

Abstract

This invention discloses a combined horizontal and fan-shaped turning method for open-pit mines in inclined coal seams, comprising five steps: cross-area expansion, horizontal pushing for production maintenance, fan-shaped linkage, new area preparation, and backfilling and leveling. The horizontal pushing for production maintenance and the fan-shaped linkage are carried out simultaneously in shallow and deep coal seams, effectively balancing the stripping ratio and avoiding sudden increases. The close integration of these processes ensures an effective working line during the turning process, guaranteeing continuous mine production. The spoil heap can be moved in and out as the process progresses, avoiding insufficient spoil heap space. The goaf released by the fan-shaped linkage is minimized, effectively avoiding large-scale long-distance transportation of stripped materials at the end of the process. Each stage of the process is carried out in different areas of the open-pit mine, avoiding safety management issues caused by excessive equipment concentration. The overall method combines the advantages of traditional right-angle turning and fan-shaped turning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for horizontal turning in open-pit mines, specifically a method for combined horizontal and sector-shaped turning in inclined coal seam open-pit mines. Background Technology

[0002] In inclined open-pit coal mines, adjacent mining areas have different coal seam depths. The following problems arise during the transition from shallow to deep mining areas: First, the stripping ratio changes rapidly, and the greater the dip angle of the coal seam, the greater the difference in the stripping ratio, thus increasing equipment capacity requirements and reducing mining efficiency. Second, there is insufficient dumping space. The goaf in shallow mining areas is shallow and has limited capacity, while as the working line advances deeper, the amount of stripped material increases rapidly, leaving excess material with nowhere to be disposed of. Third, mining output decreases. The increased stripping workload reduces mining efficiency, affecting the mine's overall capacity. Traditional turning methods include right-angle turning and sector turning. Right-angle turning, due to its rigid transition process, while ensuring output, exacerbates problem one and problem two in the early stages of turning, while suddenly releasing a large amount of space in the later stages, resulting in wasted space. While sector turning addresses problems one and two better, the effective working line is insufficient throughout the turning process, easily affecting mine output. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a method for combined horizontal and fan-shaped turning in inclined open-pit coal seams, which balances the stripping ratio, ensures mine output, and guarantees dumping space.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for combined horizontal pushing and fan-shaped turning in an inclined coal seam open-pit mine, comprising five steps: cross-area expansion, horizontal pushing to ensure production, fan-shaped linkage, new area preparation, and backfilling and leveling;

[0005] Cross-regional expansion: The area between the old mining area and its bottom boundary over several years is designated as the turning zone. When the stripping working line of the old mining area advances to the boundary of the turning zone, the end wall near the inner boundary of the old mining area begins to expand towards the new mining area, gradually forming an expansion working line. The expansion working line continues to advance to the outer boundary of the new mining area, and the coal seam bench below the expansion working line follows to the outer boundary of the new mining area. The expansion working line crosses both the new mining area and the turning zone. The end wall of the expansion working line located in the new mining area is the new mining area end wall, and the end wall located in the turning zone is the new mining area turning zone end wall.

[0006] Flat-push production maintenance: During the cross-regional expansion process, the old mining area stripping work line continues to advance towards the turning area along the original direction, and the coal mining work line below the old mining area stripping work line continues to follow. At this time, the lowest step of the spoil heap maintains the minimum pit bottom width distance from the lowest step of the coal mining work line, and maintains a distance of 50m from the lowest step of the end wall of the old mining area near the internal boundary of the old mining area, and follows up with spoil heap.

[0007] Fan-shaped linkage: During the production-preserving process, the intersection of the end wall of the new mining area turning zone and the outer boundary of the new mining area is used as the turning center. The end wall of the new mining area turning zone rotates and advances in a fan shape from the inner boundary of the old mining area to the outer boundary of the new mining area to form a rotating working line, and the coal mining work below continues to follow. During the fan-shaped rotation and advancement of the end wall of the new mining area turning zone, the lowest step of the spoil heap in the old mining area and the lowest step of the rotating working line, as well as the lowest step of the end wall of the new mining area, maintain the minimum pit bottom width distance and follow the spoil heap in a triangular shape to form a triangular spoil heap until the fan-shaped rotation process is completed.

[0008] New Area Preparation: When there is time T remaining before the completion of the fan-shaped linkage, the end face of the new mining area begins to expand and form the new mining area stripping work line. The lower coal seam bench expands simultaneously and is deployed to form the new mining area mining work line. The new area preparation is complete.

[0009] Backfilling and leveling: After the new area is prepared, the mining line in the new mining area begins to advance coal production. At this time, the stripping material is preferentially dumped into the goaf released when the fan-shaped linkage is completed and leveled.

[0010] Furthermore, the turning zone is the range of the three-year advance distance between the old mining area and the bottom boundary of the old mining area.

[0011] Furthermore, the minimum pit bottom width distance between the lowest step of the spoil heap and the lowest step of the coal mining line is 50m.

[0012] Furthermore, the lowest step of the spoil heap in the old mining area is 50m away from the lowest step of the rotating working line and the lowest step of the end face of the new mining area.

[0013] Furthermore, the old mining area is located in the shallow part of the coal seam, while the new mining area is located in the deep part of the coal seam.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, this invention simultaneously performs horizontal pushing for production and fan-shaped linkage in shallow and deep coal seams, effectively balancing the stripping ratio and avoiding sudden increases in the stripping ratio. The close integration of processes such as horizontal pushing for production, fan-shaped linkage, and new area preparation ensures an effective working line during the turnaround of the open-pit mine and ensures the continuity of mine output. The spoil heap can be moved in and out as the process progresses, avoiding the problem of insufficient spoil heap space. The goaf released by the fan-shaped linkage is the smallest, effectively avoiding the large-scale long-distance transportation of stripped materials at the end of the process. Each stage of the process is carried out in different areas of the open-pit mine, avoiding safety management problems caused by excessive concentration of equipment. The overall process combines the advantages of traditional right-angle turning and fan-shaped turning, effectively overcoming the problem of insufficient space in the early stage and wasted space in the later stage of right-angle turning, as well as the problem of insufficient effective working line during the fan-shaped turning process. It is an economical, reasonable, simple to operate, and effective open-pit mine turning method. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the initial stage of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the coal seam distribution according to the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal push production protection and fan-shaped linkage of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sector-shaped linkage of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the mining recovery and backfilling leveling process of this invention;

[0020] In the diagram: 1-Old mining area; 2-New mining area; 3-Coal seam; 4-Bottom boundary of old mining area; 5-Turning zone; 6-Stripping working line of old mining area; 7-Inner boundary of old mining area; 8-Side expansion working line; 9-Outer boundary of new mining area; 10-End side of new mining area; 11-End side of turning zone of new mining area; 12-Mining working line; 13-Rollover dump; 14-Turning center; 15-Bottom boundary of new mining area; 16-Triangular rollover dump; 17-Stripping working line of new mining area; 18-Mining working line of new mining area. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this invention provides a technical solution comprising five steps: cross-regional expansion, horizontal advancement for production maintenance, fan-shaped linkage, new area preparation, and backfilling and leveling; old mining area 1 is the currently being mined area, and new mining area 2 is adjacent to and parallel to old mining area 1, and is the mining area to be mined after the shift. Figure 2 As shown, the old mining area 1 is located in the shallow part of coal seam 3, and the new mining area 2 is located in the deep part of coal seam 3.

[0024] Cross-regional expansion:

[0025] The area of ​​the old mining area 1, which is several years away from the bottom boundary 4 of the old mining area, is divided into the turning zone 5. The construction period of the turning project is generally about 3 years. Therefore, the area of ​​the old mining area 1, which is three years away from the bottom boundary 4 of the old mining area, is generally divided into the turning zone 5. If the mine has special circumstances, a reasonable value can be determined according to the actual construction period. When the old mining area stripping line 6 advances to the boundary of the turning zone 5, the end wall near the inner boundary 7 of the old mining area begins to expand towards the new mining area 2, gradually forming the expansion line 8. The expansion line 8 continues to advance to the outer boundary 9 of the new mining area. The coal seam bench under the expansion line 8 also advances to the outer boundary 9 of the new mining area. At this time, in the new mining area 2, the expansion line 8 crosses both the new mining area 2 and the turning zone 5. The end wall of the expansion line 8 in the new mining area 2 is the new mining area end wall 10, and the end wall in the turning zone 5 is the new mining area turning zone end wall 11. The new mining area end wall 10 and the new mining area turning zone end wall 11 are the starting points of the subsequent processes.

[0026] Flat-push production maintenance:

[0027] During the cross-regional expansion process, the old mining area stripping line 6 continues to advance towards the turning area 5 along its original direction. The coal mining line 12 below the old mining area stripping line 6 continues to advance. At this time, the lowest step of the spoil heap 13 maintains a minimum pit bottom width distance from the lowest step of the coal mining line 12, generally taken as 50m, and maintains a distance of 50m from the lowest step of the end wall of the old mining area 1 near the inner boundary 7 of the old mining area, and follows up with spoil disposal. In this step, neither the stripping nor the coal mining process is adjusted, and the mining area is located in the shallow coal seam 3, so it can be ensured that the mine output is not affected, and the spoil heap 13 can follow normally without affecting the spoil disposal work.

[0028] Fan-shaped linkage:

[0029] During the process of advancing and maintaining production, the intersection of the end wall 11 of the new mining area turning zone and the outer boundary 9 of the new mining area is taken as the turning center 14. The end wall 11 of the new mining area turning zone advances in a fan shape from the inner boundary 7 of the old mining area to the outer boundary 9 of the new mining area to form a rotating working line, and the coal mining work below continues to follow. During the fan-shaped rotating advance, the rotating working line is successively restricted by the inner boundary 7 of the old mining area, the bottom boundary 15 of the new mining area, and the outer boundary 9 of the new mining area, until it is finally parallel to the outer boundary 9 of the new mining area. At this time, the fan-shaped rotating advance is completed.

[0030] During the fan-shaped rotation advance of the end wall 11 of the new mining area turning zone, the lowest step of the spoil heap 13 in the old mining area 1 and the lowest step of the rotating working line and the lowest step of the end wall 10 of the new mining area maintain the minimum pit bottom width distance, which is generally taken as 50m. The spoil heap follows in a triangular shape, forming a triangular spoil heap 16, until the fan-shaped rotation process is completed.

[0031] The horizontal pushing production protection step is carried out before the fan-shaped linkage step and is shallower and simpler in process, so it will be completed before the fan-shaped linkage step. When the horizontal pushing production protection step is completed, the spoil heap 13 is 50m away from it. The spoil heap space in this area is released. At this time, the turning working line rotates towards a deeper layer of coal seam 3, and the amount of stripped material gradually increases. The released space is used to dump the soil, which balances the mining and dumping space and avoids the situation where there is nowhere to dump the stripped material.

[0032] New District Preparations:

[0033] When there is still time T left before the fan-shaped linkage is completed, the end face 10 of the new mining area begins to expand and form the stripping working line 17 of the new mining area. The lower coal seam bench expands simultaneously and is deployed to form the mining working line 18 of the new mining area. The preparation time of the new area is T. That is, the time when the fan-shaped rotation is completed is the time when the expansion of the new mining area is completed and normal mining begins. This achieves seamless connection between the two processes and ensures that the mine output is not affected.

[0034] Backfilling and leveling:

[0035] Once the new mining area is prepared, the mining line 18 in the new mining area will begin coal production. At this time, the overburden will be preferentially dumped into the goaf released when the fan-shaped linkage is completed and leveled to ensure the integrity of the spoil heap and avoid the goaf from causing environmental hazards. The close connection between the preparation of the new mining area and the fan-shaped linkage ensures that the goaf released by the fan-shaped linkage is minimized and the amount of material required for backfilling is minimized, effectively avoiding the large-scale long-distance transportation of overburden.

[0036] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0037] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any minor modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined horizontal pushing and fan-shaped turning method for inclined coal seam open-pit mines, characterized in that, It includes five steps: cross-regional expansion, horizontal expansion to ensure production, fan-shaped linkage, new area preparation, and backfilling and leveling. Expanding cooperation across regions: The area of ​​the old mining area (1) that is several years away from the bottom boundary (4) of the old mining area is divided into the turning zone (5). When the stripping work line (6) of the old mining area advances to the boundary of the turning zone (5), the end wall near the inner boundary (7) of the old mining area begins to expand towards the new mining area (2), gradually forming the expansion work line (8). The expansion work line (8) continues to advance to the outer boundary (9) of the new mining area, and the coal seam bench under the expansion work line (8) follows to the outer boundary (9) of the new mining area. The expansion work line (8) crosses both the new mining area (2) and the turning zone (5). The end wall of the expansion work line (8) in the new mining area (2) is the end wall of the new mining area (10), and the end wall in the turning zone (5) is the end wall of the turning zone of the new mining area (11). Flat-push production maintenance: During the cross-regional expansion process, the old mining area stripping work line (6) continues to advance towards the turning area (5) along the original direction of advancement. The coal mining work line (12) below the old mining area stripping work line (6) continues to follow. At this time, the lowest step of the spoil heap (13) maintains the minimum pit bottom width distance from the lowest step of the coal mining work line (12), and maintains a distance of 50m from the lowest step of the end wall of the old mining area (1) near the inner boundary (7) of the old mining area, and follows up with the spoil heap. Fan-shaped linkage: During the process of pushing forward to ensure production, the intersection of the end wall of the new mining area turning zone (11) and the outer boundary (9) of the new mining area is taken as the turning center (14). The end wall of the new mining area turning zone (11) rotates from the inner boundary (7) of the old mining area to the outer boundary (9) of the new mining area to form a rotating working line, and the coal mining work in the lower part continues to follow up. During the fan-shaped rotation of the end wall (11) of the new mining area turning zone, the lowest step of the spoil heap (13) in the old mining area (1) and the lowest step of the rotating working line and the lowest step of the end wall (10) of the new mining area maintain the minimum pit bottom width distance, and follow the spoil heap in a triangular shape to form a triangular spoil heap (16) until the fan-shaped rotation process is completed. New District Preparations: When there is still time T left before the fan-shaped linkage is completed, the end wall (10) of the new mining area begins to expand and form the stripping working line (17) of the new mining area. The lower coal seam bench expands synchronously and is deployed to form the mining working line (18) of the new mining area. The preparation of the new area is completed. Backfilling and leveling: After the new area is prepared, the mining line (18) of the new mining area begins to advance coal production. At this time, the stripped material is preferentially discharged into the goaf released when the fan-shaped linkage is completed and leveled.

2. The method for combined horizontal pushing and fan-shaped turning in an inclined coal seam open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The turning zone (5) is the range of the old mining area (1) from the bottom boundary (4) of the old mining area over three years.

3. The method for combined horizontal pushing and fan-shaped turning in an inclined coal seam open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The minimum pit bottom width distance between the lowest step of the spoil heap (13) and the lowest step of the coal mining line (12) is 50m.

4. The method for combined horizontal pushing and fan-shaped turning in an inclined coal seam open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lowest step of the spoil heap (13) in the old mining area and the lowest step of the rotating working line, as well as the lowest step of the end wall (10) in the new mining area, are all 50m apart.

5. The method for combined horizontal pushing and fan-shaped turning in an inclined coal seam open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The old mining area (1) is located in the shallow part of the coal seam (3), and the new mining area (2) is located in the deep part of the coal seam (3).

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