System for treating thermal runaway spray product of lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of thermal management and safety protection of lithium ion batteries, and discloses a system for treating thermal runaway spray products of a lithium ion battery and the lithium ion battery, the system comprises a gas collecting pipeline, a gas outlet pipeline and a gas outlet pipeline, the first end of the gas collecting pipeline is used for connecting an explosion-proof valve of the lithium ion battery; the cyclone separator is provided with a separation cavity, the diameter of the separation cavity is gradually reduced from top to bottom, the cyclone separator is provided with a discharge port, a feed port and an air outlet, the discharge port is communicated with the separation cavity and located at the bottom, the feed port and the air outlet are located at the top, and the second end of the air collecting pipeline is communicated with the separation cavity through the feed port; the condensation and adsorption module comprises a reaction part and a collection part which are arranged up and down, the reaction part is contained in the separation cavity, the reaction part is used for carrying out phase change and neutralization reaction with the sprayed product, the lower end of the reaction part is connected to the upper end of the collection part, and the collection part is connected to the discharge port. And when the lithium ion battery is in thermal runaway, sprayed high-temperature toxic liquid drops are cooled and absorbed, so that the safety of the lithium ion battery is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of thermal management and safety protection of lithium-ion batteries, and in particular to a system for processing thermal runaway ejection products of lithium-ion batteries and a lithium-ion battery. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the widespread application of lithium-ion batteries in energy storage systems and other fields, their safety issues are increasingly valued. Lithium-ion batteries may experience thermal runaway under extreme conditions (such as overcharging, short circuit, and high temperature environment), causing the electrolyte to decompose and release a large amount of high-temperature, high-pressure toxic gases and droplets. If these ejected substances are not handled in time, they may be deposited at the high-voltage circuit connection position, which may easily cause secondary explosions or fires, posing serious safety hazards.

[0003] In the prior art, the treatment solutions for thermal runaway gases and liquids of lithium-ion batteries mostly focus on passive adsorption of gases or single liquid treatment, which makes it difficult to efficiently treat particles and droplets at the same time, and lacks effective control of system temperature. For example, patent CN114984724A discloses a liquid treatment agent for thermal runaway flue gas of lithium-ion batteries. Although it can treat electrolyte and acidic gases, it cannot effectively capture high-temperature particles, and does not consider the overall cooling requirements of the thermal runaway system. Patent CN109565096B provides a system for managing thermal runaway gases of batteries. The system prevents gas mixing by physically separating the paths of cooling air and thermal runaway gases, but does not involve the treatment and neutralization functions of particles and droplets. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to cool down and absorb high-temperature toxic gases and droplets sprayed from the electrolyte when the lithium-ion battery is in thermal runaway, thereby improving the safety of the lithium-ion battery.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a system for treating thermal runaway ejection products of lithium-ion batteries, comprising:

[0006] A gas collecting pipeline, wherein a first end of the gas collecting pipeline is used to connect to an explosion-proof valve of a lithium-ion battery;

[0007] A cyclone separator, wherein the cyclone separator is provided with a separation chamber whose diameter gradually decreases from top to bottom, the cyclone separator is provided with a discharge port connected to the separation chamber and located at the bottom, and a feed port and an air outlet located at the top, and the air collecting pipeline is connected to the separation chamber through the feed port;

[0008] The condensation adsorption module includes a reaction part and a collection part. The reaction part is accommodated in the separation chamber. The reaction part is used to undergo phase change and neutralization reaction with the thermal runaway ejection products of the lithium-ion battery. The collection part is connected to the discharge port.

[0009] Furthermore, the reaction part includes a frame and a filler, the filler is wrapped and fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the frame, and the lower end of the frame is connected to the upper end of the collecting part.

[0010] Furthermore, the filler is a composition of calcium carbonate, barium hydroxide and paraffin, wherein the mass ratio of the paraffin in the filler accounts for 50% to 90%.

[0011] Furthermore, the upper peripheral edge of the collecting portion is provided with a first flange protruding toward the periphery, the inner wall of the discharge port is provided with a second flange protruding inwardly, and the collecting portion and the cyclone separator are mutually engaged through the first flange and the second flange.

[0012] Furthermore, the system for processing thermal runaway ejection products of lithium-ion batteries also includes a feed pipe, one end of which is connected to the gas collecting pipeline, and the other end of which extends in a direction parallel to the tangent of the separation chamber and is connected to the feed port.

[0013] Furthermore, the air outlet is provided with an air outlet pipe, the air outlet end of the air outlet pipe passes through the air outlet and extends into the separation chamber, and there is a gap between the air outlet pipe and the inner wall of the separation chamber, and the feed port is arranged above the air outlet end of the air outlet pipe.

[0014] A lithium-ion battery comprises a shell, a battery cell and the above-mentioned system for processing the ejection products of thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery. The shell is provided with a receiving cavity opening upward, the battery cell is installed in the receiving cavity, the gas collecting pipeline is connected to the battery cell through an explosion-proof valve, and the cyclone separator is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the shell and communicated with the gas collecting pipeline.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the system and lithium-ion battery for processing thermal runaway ejection products of lithium-ion batteries in the embodiment of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: when thermal runaway occurs in the lithium-ion battery, the ejection products are released through the explosion-proof valve and collected by the gas collecting pipeline, and the ejection products flow from the gas collecting pipeline to the cyclone separator, wherein the gas and high-temperature solid particles in the ejection products are separated due to centrifugal force, and the toxic substances in the ejection products are solid particles, and the separated gas is almost non-toxic and is discharged from the gas outlet of the cyclone separator, and the solid particles continue to enter the reaction part of the condensation adsorption module from the discharge port at the bottom of the cyclone separator, undergo phase change and neutralization reaction with the medium therein, and the substances after the phase change reaction and neutralization reaction are collected by the collection part of the condensation adsorption module.

[0016] It can be understood that the thermal runaway products of lithium-ion batteries are toxic gases, liquids whose main components are electrolytes, and solids composed of broken battery shells after thermal runaway. The main components of toxic gases are: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, toxic solid particles, and a small amount of alkane gas. This solution uses the vortex in the cyclone separator to separate the toxic gas and liquid solid of the injection product, and the toxic solid particles and other gases in the toxic gas itself, and the condensation adsorption module realizes the two functions of cooling and adsorption neutralization. The phase change reaction absorbs the heat in the injection product, and the neutralization reaction effectively treats the toxic substances in the injection product, effectively suppressing the occurrence of secondary explosions, and greatly ensuring the safety of lithium-ion batteries.

[0017] This solution installs the condensation adsorption module at the discharge port, so that the structure is highly integrated and compact while achieving separation of toxic liquid and high-temperature solid particles in the spray product.

[0018] This solution can achieve the release of toxic gases generated by thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, and the injection products can be automatically separated into a cyclone separator through the explosion-proof valve, and then collected and neutralized through the reaction part, thereby improving the reaction speed of thermal runaway response, and being able to quickly respond to safety accidents of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, thereby further improving safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a condensation adsorption module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure, 1. gas collection pipeline;

[0022] 2. Cyclone separator; 21. Discharge port; 22. Feed port; 23. Air outlet; 24. Separation chamber;

[0023] 3. Condensation adsorption module; 31. Reaction part; 32. Collection part;

[0024] 4. Feed pipe; 5. Casing; 6. Lithium-ion battery; 7. Exhaust pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "vertical", "horizontal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" used in the present invention to indicate the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0027] In the description of the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a system for treating thermal runaway ejection products of a lithium-ion battery according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0029] A gas collecting pipeline 1, a first end of which is used to connect to an explosion-proof valve of a lithium-ion battery 6;

[0030] The cyclone separator 2 is provided with a separation chamber 24 with a diameter gradually decreasing from top to bottom, and the cyclone separator 2 is provided with a discharge port 21 connected with the separation chamber 24 and located at the bottom, and a feed port 22 and an air outlet 23 located at the top, and the gas collecting pipeline 1 is connected with the separation chamber 24 through the feed port 22;

[0031] The condensation adsorption module 3 includes a reaction part 31 and a collection part 32 which are arranged in an upper and lower manner. The reaction part 31 is accommodated in the separation chamber 24. The reaction part 31 is used to undergo phase change and neutralization reaction with the thermal runaway ejection products of the lithium-ion battery 6. The lower end of the reaction part 31 is connected to the upper end of the collection part 32, and the collection part 32 is connected to the discharge port 21 of the cyclone separator 2.

[0032] Based on the above scheme, the specific working implementation process of the present application is as follows: when the lithium-ion battery 6 has thermal runaway, the injection product is released through the explosion-proof valve and collected by the gas collecting pipeline 1, and the injection product flows from the gas collecting pipeline 1 to the cyclone separator 2, wherein the gas and solid particles in the injection product are separated due to centrifugal force, and the toxic substances in the injection product are solid particles, and the separated gas is almost non-toxic and is discharged from the gas outlet 23 of the cyclone separator 2, and the solid particles continue to enter the reaction part 31 of the condensation adsorption module 3 from the discharge port 21 at the bottom of the cyclone separator 2, and undergo phase change and neutralization reaction with the medium therein, and the substances after the phase change reaction and neutralization reaction are collected through the collection part 32 of the condensation adsorption module 3.

[0033] The beneficial effects of this solution are as follows: this solution realizes the separation of the toxic gas and liquid solid of the injection product, and the separation of the toxic solid particles and other gases in the toxic gas itself through the vortex in the cyclone separator 2, and the condensation adsorption module 3 realizes the two functions of cooling and adsorption neutralization, the phase change reaction absorbs the heat in the injection product, and the neutralization reaction effectively treats the toxic substances in the injection product, effectively suppresses the occurrence of secondary explosion, and greatly guarantees the safety of the use of the lithium-ion battery 6. This solution installs the condensation adsorption module 3 at the discharge port 21 of the cyclone separator 2, so that while realizing the separation of the toxic liquid and high-temperature solid particles in the injection product, the structure is highly integrated and compact. This solution can realize the release of the injection product from the explosion-proof valve to automatically enter the cyclone separator 2 for the toxic gas generated by the thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery 6, and then collect and neutralize it through the reaction unit 31, thereby improving the reaction speed of the thermal runaway response, and being able to quickly respond to the safety accident of the thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery 6, thereby further improving the safety.

[0034] Preferably, the reaction part 31 includes a skeleton and a filler, the filler is wrapped and fixedly connected to the periphery of the skeleton, and the lower end of the skeleton is connected to the upper end of the collecting part 32. In the present embodiment, the skeleton is a porous metal skeleton. It can be understood that the porous metal skeleton is a prior art. Because it has been a mature product in the market, its specific structure is not described in detail here. The porous metal skeleton has high strength and good thermal conductivity. Further, the porous metal skeleton serves as a supporting structure for the filler, which can prevent the filler from falling off during the non-reaction process, thereby ensuring the structural stability of the reaction part 31.

[0035] Preferably, the filler is a composition of calcium carbonate, barium hydroxide and paraffin, wherein the mass of the paraffin in the filler accounts for 50% to 90%. When the lithium-ion battery 6 has thermal runaway, the ejected product is generally an acidic substance, and the solid particles and liquid separated by the cyclone separator 2 are also acidic substances. Calcium carbonate and barium hydroxide are both alkaline substances, which can react with the acidic substances (such as fluoride, sulfate, etc.) in the thermal runaway ejected product of the lithium-ion battery 6 to neutralize and reduce the emission of harmful substances. The melting point of paraffin is generally between 47°C and 64°C. When the ejected product enters the reaction part 31, the paraffin will partially melt, thereby achieving cooling.

[0036] Preferably, the upper peripheral edge of the collecting portion 32 is provided with a first flange protruding toward the periphery, and the inner wall of the discharge port 21 of the cyclone separator 2 is provided with a second flange protruding inwardly, and the collecting portion 32 and the cyclone separator 2 are engaged with each other through the first flange and the second flange. The engagement of the first flange and the second flange greatly simplifies the installation process of the collecting portion 32 and the cyclone separator 2, without the need to use additional tools or fasteners, thereby improving the installation efficiency and reducing the installation cost. When inspecting, the collecting portion 32 can be removed from the discharge port 21 of the cyclone separator 2 by separating the first flange and the second flange, which is convenient for the operator to regularly inspect and maintain and ensure the normal operation of the equipment. In other embodiments, the collecting portion 32 and the cyclone separator 2 can also be connected by threaded connection, tight fit, etc.

[0037] Preferably, the system for processing the ejection products of the thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery further comprises a hollow feed pipe 4, one end of which is connected to the gas collecting pipeline 1, and the other end of which extends in a tangential direction parallel to the separation chamber 24 and is connected to the feed port 22. The ejection products of the lithium-ion battery 6 enter along one end of the curved feed pipe 4, and then enter the cyclone separator 2 from the second section of the linear feed pipe 4, ensuring that the ejection products enter the cyclone separator 2 along the tangential direction of the cyclone separator 2, so that the ejection products form a vortex in the cyclone separator 2, meet the aerodynamic design, and can achieve the best gas-solid separation effect for the ejection products, further improving the overall processing efficiency of the system.

[0038] Preferably, the gas outlet 23 is provided with a gas outlet pipe 7, the gas outlet end of the gas outlet pipe 7 passes through the gas outlet 23 and extends into the separation chamber 24, and there is a gap between the gas outlet pipe 7 and the inner wall of the separation chamber 24, and the feed port 22 is arranged above the gas outlet end of the gas outlet pipe 7 to prevent the solid materials entering from being discharged from the gas outlet pipe 7.

[0039] A lithium-ion battery 6 includes a shell 5, a battery cell and the above-mentioned system for processing the thermal runaway ejection products of the lithium-ion battery 6, the shell 5 is provided with a receiving chamber with an opening facing upward, the battery cell is installed in the receiving chamber, the gas collecting pipeline 1 is connected to the battery cell through an explosion-proof valve, and the cyclone separator 2 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the shell 5 and communicated with the gas collecting pipeline 1. The system for processing the thermal runaway ejection products of the lithium-ion battery also includes a shell 5, the shell 5 is provided with an upward opening, the shell 5 is used to fix the lithium-ion battery 6 and the gas collecting pipeline 1, and the cyclone separator 2 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the shell 5. The shell 5 provides a solid physical barrier for the system, effectively preventing the thermal runaway ejection products of the lithium-ion battery 6 from causing harm to the surrounding environment and personnel. At the same time, the shell 5 can also prevent external impurities and pollutants from entering the system and affecting the normal operation of the system. And this embodiment forms a highly integrated system by integrating the lithium-ion battery 6 and the gas collecting pipeline 1 inside the shell 5, making the structure of the system more compact.

[0040] In summary, the embodiment of the present invention provides a system and a lithium-ion battery for processing the thermal runaway ejection product of a lithium-ion battery. The present solution realizes the separation of the toxic gas and liquid solid of the ejection product, and the separation of the toxic solid particles and other gases in the toxic gas itself through the vortex in the cyclone separator 2, and the condensation adsorption module 3 realizes the two functions of cooling and adsorption neutralization. The phase change reaction absorbs the heat in the ejection product, and the neutralization reaction effectively treats the toxic substances in the ejection product, effectively suppresses the occurrence of secondary explosion, and greatly ensures the safety of the use of the lithium-ion battery 6. In this solution, the condensation adsorption module 3 is installed at the discharge port 21 of the cyclone separator 2, so that the structure is highly integrated and compact while realizing the separation of the toxic liquid and high-temperature solid particles in the ejection product. In this solution, the toxic gas generated by the thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery 6 can realize the ejection product to be released from the explosion-proof valve and automatically enter the cyclone separator 2 for separation, and then be collected and neutralized by the reaction unit 31, thereby improving the reaction speed of the thermal runaway response, and being able to quickly respond to the safety accident of the thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery 6, thereby further improving the safety.

[0041] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for treating thermal runaway ejection products of lithium-ion batteries, characterized in that: include: A gas collecting pipeline, wherein a first end of the gas collecting pipeline is used to connect to an explosion-proof valve of a lithium-ion battery; A cyclone separator, wherein the cyclone separator is provided with a separation chamber with a diameter gradually decreasing from top to bottom, the cyclone separator is provided with a discharge port connected to the separation chamber and located at the bottom, and a feed port and an air outlet located at the top, and the air collecting pipeline is connected to the separation chamber through the feed port; A condensation adsorption module comprises a reaction part and a collection part, wherein the reaction part is accommodated in the separation chamber and is used for phase change and neutralization reaction with the thermal runaway ejection products of the lithium-ion battery, and the collection part is connected to the discharge port.

2. The system for treating thermal runaway ejection products of lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction part comprises a frame and a filler, wherein the filler is wrapped and fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the frame, and the lower end of the frame is connected to the upper end of the collection part.

3. The system for treating thermal runaway ejection products of a lithium-ion battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The filler is a composition of calcium carbonate, barium hydroxide and paraffin, wherein the mass ratio of the paraffin in the filler accounts for 50% to 90%.

4. The system for treating thermal runaway ejection products of a lithium-ion battery according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper peripheral edge of the collecting portion is provided with a first flange protruding toward the periphery, the inner wall of the discharge port is provided with a second flange protruding inwardly, and the collecting portion and the cyclone separator are mutually engaged through the first flange and the second flange.

5. The system for treating thermal runaway ejection products of lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a feed pipe, one end of which is connected to the gas collecting pipeline, and the other end of which extends in a direction parallel to the tangent line of the separation chamber and is connected to the feed port.

6. The system for treating thermal runaway ejection products of a lithium-ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air outlet is provided with an air outlet pipe, the air outlet end of the air outlet pipe passes through the air outlet and extends into the separation chamber, and there is a gap between the air outlet pipe and the inner wall of the separation chamber, and the feed port is arranged above the air outlet end of the air outlet pipe.

7. A lithium ion battery, characterized in that: The invention comprises a shell, a battery cell and a system for processing thermal runaway ejection products of a lithium-ion battery as described in claims 1 to 6, wherein the shell is provided with a receiving cavity opening upward, the battery cell is installed in the receiving cavity, the gas collecting pipeline is connected to the battery cell via an explosion-proof valve, and the cyclone separator is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the shell and communicated with the gas collecting pipeline.

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