An output electrode and a manufacturing method, a battery, and an electric device

Abstract

The application provides an output electrode and a preparation method, a battery, and an electrical equipment. The output electrode comprises a substrate and an insulating layer. The insulating layer is coated on part of the surface of the substrate. The material of the insulating layer comprises modified polyphenylene sulfide resin and a reinforcing agent distributed in the modified polyphenylene sulfide resin. The reinforcing agent comprises a sheet material. The embodiment of the application improves the dimensional stability of the polyphenylene sulfide resin by adding the reinforcing agent of the sheet material. The difference between the dimensional contraction / expansion of the formed insulating layer and the substrate in each direction when subjected to cold and heat alternation is reduced. The consistency of the dimensional contraction / expansion of the product in each direction is improved. The possibility of cracking of the large surface of the product is reduced. The performance of the product is improved. The sheet material has no obvious orientation. The stress deformation of the formed insulating layer is reduced. The performance of the product is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to an output electrode and its preparation method, a battery, and an electrical device. Background Technology

[0002] This section provides only background information relevant to this application and is not necessarily prior art.

[0003] With the rapid development of society, the demand for green new energy and high-performance energy storage equipment is becoming increasingly urgent. Batteries, as a new generation of green energy storage and conversion devices, have been widely used in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. A battery generally consists of multiple individual cells, which can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination of these cells via conductive structures. These conductive structures must be conductive to transmit electrical energy while preventing leakage or short circuits. This requires insulation of the non-conductive functional areas of the conductive structure, and it is also necessary to ensure that the insulating layer and the conductive substrate maintain good product stability under alternating hot and cold temperatures. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main technical problem addressed in this application is ensuring good product stability between the insulating layer and the conductive substrate of the conductive structure in a battery when subjected to alternating hot and cold temperatures.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an output pole, comprising:

[0006] Base;

[0007] An insulating layer, which covers a portion of the surface of the substrate;

[0008] The insulating layer is made of modified polyphenylene sulfide resin and reinforcing agents distributed in the modified polyphenylene sulfide resin; the reinforcing agents include sheet materials.

[0009] The embodiments of this application improve the dimensional stability of polyphenylene sulfide resin by adding a reinforcing agent to the sheet material. This reduces the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion between the formed insulating layer and the substrate in various directions during alternating heating and cooling, improves the consistency of dimensional shrinkage / expansion in all directions, reduces the possibility of large-area cracking, and improves product performance. Furthermore, the sheet material has no obvious orientation, reducing the likelihood of stress deformation in the formed insulating layer and further improving product performance.

[0010] In some embodiments, the microstructure of the sheet material includes sheet-like structures and / or microstructures;

[0011] Optionally, the aspect ratio of the sheet structure is greater than or equal to 50, and can be selected as 50-100;

[0012] Optionally, the aspect ratio of a single layer of the layered structure is greater than or equal to 50, and can be selected as 50-100.

[0013] Among them, the sheet structure is a type of layered structure. In any embodiment, the aspect ratio of the sheet structure can be 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, or any range of two of the above values. For example, the aspect ratio of the sheet structure can be 50-80, 60-70, or 70-100, etc. Within the above range, it has a larger specific surface area and better controllability, which is beneficial to improving the dimensional stability of polyphenylene sulfide resin and reducing the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion in various directions between the formed insulating layer and the substrate when subjected to alternating heating and cooling.

[0014] Layered structure refers to another type of sheet structure, which is a material with two or more sheet-like structures stacked together. In any embodiment, the aspect ratio of a single layer of the layered structure can be 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, or any range of two of the above values. For example, the aspect ratio of a single layer of the layered structure can be 50-80, 60-70, or 70-100. Within the above range, it has a larger specific surface area and better controllability, which is beneficial to improving the dimensional stability of polyphenylene sulfide resin and reducing the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion in different directions between the formed insulating layer and the substrate when subjected to alternating heating and cooling.

[0015] In some embodiments, the average particle size of the sheet material is less than or equal to 2 μm, and optionally less than or equal to 1.6 μm.

[0016] In any embodiment, the average particle size of the sheet material can be 0.1 μm, 0.2 μm, 0.3 μm, 0.4 μm, 0.5 μm, 0.6 μm, 0.7 μm, 0.8 μm, 0.9 μm, 1.0 μm, 1.1 μm, 1.2 μm, 1.3 μm, 1.4 μm, 1.5 μm, 1.6 μm, 1.7 μm, 1.8 μm, 1.9 μm, or 2.0 μm, or a range of any two of the above values. For example, the average particle size of the sheet material can be 0.1 μm-0.6 μm, 0.1 μm-1.0 μm, or 0.5 μm-1.6 μm, etc. Within the above ranges, the average particle size of the sheet material is relatively small, requiring multiple fine processing steps to obtain a high purity sheet material. This helps reduce the impurity content in the insulating layer and contributes to the good mechanical strength of the formed insulating layer. Furthermore, the average particle size of the sheet material is less than or equal to 1.6 μm, which further contributes to improving the mechanical strength of the formed insulating layer.

[0017] In some embodiments, the sheet material includes one or both of talc and mica.

[0018] The main component of talc is hydrated magnesium silicate, with the molecular formula Mg3[Si4O3]. 10 [OH]2, belonging to the monoclinic crystal system, has pseudo-hexagonal or rhombic platy crystals. Mica is one of the rock-forming minerals that exhibits hexagonal platy crystals. Talc and mica, as platy materials, enhance the overall strength and insulation of polyphenylene sulfide resin, and are beneficial to improving the dimensional stability of polyphenylene sulfide resin. They reduce the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion between the formed insulating layer and the substrate in various directions when subjected to alternating heating and cooling, improve the consistency of dimensional shrinkage / expansion in all directions of the product, and reduce the possibility of large-area cracking of the product.

[0019] In some embodiments, the modified polyphenylene sulfide resin includes toughening agent-modified polyphenylene sulfide resin; the toughening agent-modified polyphenylene sulfide resin is obtained by modifying polyphenylene sulfide resin with a toughening agent.

[0020] In the embodiments of this application, an insulating layer formed by toughening agent-modified polyphenylene sulfide resin is provided, which is beneficial to increasing the flexibility of the insulating layer.

[0021] In some embodiments, the toughening agent comprises an ethylene-maleic anhydride-glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer.

[0022] Among them, the ethylene-maleic anhydride-glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer has multiple functional groups. The ethylene molecular chain can play a toughening role, while the anhydride group, epoxy group and other groups can improve the compatibility with the resin, enhance the bonding force with polyphenylene sulfide resin, and improve the mechanical properties of the composite material.

[0023] In some embodiments, the number average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 50,000-70,000, and optionally 50,000-60,000.

[0024] In any embodiment, the number-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin can be 50,000, 55,000, 60,000, 65,000, or 70,000, or a range consisting of any two of the above values. For example, the number-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin can be 55,000-65,000, 50,000-60,000, or 60,000-70,000, etc. Within the above range, by controlling the number-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin, the formed insulating layer can have good overall strength, which is beneficial to improving the dimensional stability of the insulating layer. Further, the number-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 50,000-60,000. Within this range, it is beneficial to improve the size uniformity of the polyphenylene sulfide resin molecules, which is further beneficial to improving the overall strength stability of the formed insulating layer.

[0025] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of toughening agent to polyphenylene sulfide resin is 5-30:100, and optionally 5-10:100.

[0026] In any embodiment, the mass ratio of toughening agent to polyphenylene sulfide resin can be 5:100, 10:100, 15:100, 20:100, 25:100, 30:100, or any range of two of the above values. For example, the mass ratio of toughening agent to polyphenylene sulfide resin can be 5-10:100, 10-20:100, or 15-30:100, etc. Within the above range, the insulation layer has good flexibility, reducing the possibility of film cracking. Furthermore, the mass ratio of toughening agent to polyphenylene sulfide resin can be 5-10:100. Within the above range, the proportion of polyphenylene sulfide resin in the insulation layer is relatively large, which is beneficial to keeping the overall strength of the insulation layer within a good range.

[0027] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the sheet material to the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 10-60:100, and optionally 15-30:100.

[0028] In any embodiment, the mass ratio of the sheet material to the polyphenylene sulfide resin can be 10:100, 15:100, 20:100, 25:100, 30:100, 35:100, 40:100, 45:100, 50:100, 55:100, 60:100, or any range of two of the above values. For example, the mass ratio of the sheet material to the polyphenylene sulfide resin can be 15-30:100, 20-40:100, or 45-55:100, etc. Within the above ranges, it is beneficial to improve the overall strength of the formed insulating layer and to reduce the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion between the formed insulating layer and the substrate in various directions when subjected to alternating heating and cooling. Furthermore, the mass ratio of the sheet material to the polyphenylene sulfide resin can be 15-30:100. Within the above range, as the amount of reinforcing agent added increases, the overall strength of the formed insulation layer also increases, and the consistency of the dimensional shrinkage / expansion of the formed insulation layer and the substrate in all directions during alternating heating and cooling is also at a good level.

[0029] In some embodiments, the absolute value of the difference between the linear expansion coefficient of the insulating layer material and the linear expansion coefficient of the substrate material along or perpendicular to the flow direction is less than or equal to 50 × 10⁻⁶. -6 m / m·℃;

[0030] Optionally, the insulating layer material has a coefficient of linear expansion of 25 × 10⁻⁶ along the flow direction. -6 m·℃-93×10 -6 m·℃, can be selected as 38×10 -6 m / m·℃-65×10 -6m / m·℃;

[0031] Optionally, the insulating layer material has a coefficient of linear expansion of 29 × 10⁻⁶ along the direction perpendicular to the flow. -6 m·℃-97×10 - 6 m·℃, can be selected as 34×10 -6 m / m·℃-69×10 -6 m / m·℃.

[0032] In the embodiments of this application, the linear expansion coefficients of the insulating layer and the substrate are adjusted along the flow direction or perpendicular to the flow direction to make their linear expansion coefficients close, so that the degree of dimensional shrinkage / expansion in both directions is consistent when subjected to alternating heating and cooling, thereby reducing the possibility of large-area cracking of the product and improving the product performance.

[0033] In some embodiments, the absolute value of the difference between the linear expansion coefficient of the insulating layer material along the flow direction and the linear expansion coefficient along the direction perpendicular to the flow direction is less than or equal to 10 × 10⁻⁶. -6 m / m·℃.

[0034] In the embodiments of this application, by adjusting the linear expansion coefficient of the insulating layer material in different directions, the degree of dimensional shrinkage / expansion of the insulating layer in different directions is made consistent when subjected to alternating heating and cooling, which is beneficial to improving the dimensional stability of the insulating layer.

[0035] In some embodiments, the substrate material includes a conductive metal or a conductive alloy; optionally, the substrate material includes one of copper, aluminum, copper-containing alloys, or aluminum-containing alloys.

[0036] Any conductive metal or alloy can be used as the substrate material. Furthermore, considering factors such as substrate conductivity, dimensional stability, product weight, and raw material costs, the embodiments of this application use one of copper, aluminum, copper-containing alloys, or aluminum-containing alloys as the substrate material.

[0037] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a method for preparing an output electrode, comprising:

[0038] Provide a base;

[0039] An insulating layer is formed on a portion of the substrate surface;

[0040] The insulating layer is made of modified polyphenylene sulfide resin and reinforcing agents distributed in the modified polyphenylene sulfide resin; the reinforcing agents include sheet materials.

[0041] The embodiments of this application form the output electrode through the provided preparation method. The difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion between the insulating layer and the substrate in each direction is small when subjected to alternating heating and cooling. The possibility of large-area cracking of the product is reduced, and the product performance is improved.

[0042] In some embodiments, forming an insulating layer on a portion of the surface of the substrate includes:

[0043] Polyphenylene sulfide resin, toughening agent, and reinforcing agent are mixed to form a premix;

[0044] The premixed material is added to a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded to obtain an insulating layer material. The insulating layer material is then used to form an insulating layer on a portion of the substrate surface. The screw speed of the twin-screw extruder is 300 rpm to 500 rpm.

[0045] In the embodiments of this application, a twin-screw extruder is used to melt-extrude polyphenylene sulfide resin, toughening agent, and reinforcing agent to form an insulating layer on the side surface of the substrate. By controlling the screw speed of the twin-screw extruder, the screw speed is kept at a low level, thereby reducing damage to the reinforcing agent in the sheet material during the twin-screw extrusion process, resulting in better integrity of the sheet material, and thus achieving the effect of the reinforcing agent in reducing the coefficient of linear expansion of the composite material.

[0046] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a battery including any of the output electrodes provided in the first aspect or an output electrode prepared by the method provided in the second aspect. When the battery uses the provided output electrode, it is beneficial to improve the battery's performance.

[0047] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide an electrical device including the battery provided in the third aspect. When the battery of the electrical device uses the given output terminal, it thus has at least the same advantages as the battery, improving the performance of the electrical device.

[0048] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the drawings without creative effort.

[0050] Figure 1This is an exploded structural diagram of a battery according to one or more embodiments;

[0051] Figure 2 This is an exploded structural diagram of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle according to one or more embodiments;

[0053] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the battery module provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0054] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the output pole provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 6 for Figure 5 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the output electrode along line AA.

[0056] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0057] 1000 - Vehicle, 100 - Battery, 200 - Controller, 300 - Motor, 400 - Battery Module, 10 - Housing, 20 - Battery Cell, 11 - First Part, 12 - Second Part, 21 - End Cap, 22 - Housing, 23 - Electrode Assembly, 21a - Electrode Terminal, 23a - Tab, 401 - Output Terminal, 402 - Busbar, 4011 - Substrate, 4012 - Insulating Layer, 4011a - Input Surface, 4011b - Output Surface, 4011c - Side Surface. Detailed Implementation

[0058] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this application clearer and more explicit, the embodiments of the technical solutions of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0059] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0060] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces), unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0061] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0062] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0063] Quantities, ratios, and other numerical values ​​are presented in range format in this document. It should be understood that this range format is for convenience and brevity and should be interpreted flexibly to include not only numerical values ​​explicitly specified as range limits, but also all individual numerical values ​​or subranges covered within the range, as if each numerical value and subrange were explicitly specified.

[0064] The output electrode is used to input or output electrical energy in a battery module. Generally, the substrate of the output electrode is required to be conductive to transmit electrical energy, and some surfaces are required to be insulated to prevent electrical conduction. In some designs, the substrate of the output electrode is made of metal, and the outer surface is made of plastic. Due to the significant difference in performance between the two materials at different temperatures, when the output electrode product is used in an environment with large temperature and temperature changes, the linear thermal expansion coefficients of the metal and plastic materials are prone to differ significantly at different temperatures. This can lead to inconsistent dimensional shrinkage / expansion in different directions, ultimately posing a risk of cracking on the surface of the output electrode.

[0065] To address the aforementioned problems, embodiments of this application provide an output electrode, comprising a substrate and an insulating layer. The insulating layer covers a portion of the surface of the substrate. The insulating layer is made of a modified polyphenylene sulfide resin and a reinforcing agent distributed within the modified polyphenylene sulfide resin. The reinforcing agent comprises a sheet material. By adding the reinforcing agent and sheet material, the dimensional stability of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is improved, reducing the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion between the formed insulating layer and the substrate in various directions during alternating heating and cooling, thus improving the consistency of dimensional shrinkage / expansion in all directions of the product and reducing the possibility of large-area cracking of the product.

[0066] The battery disclosed in this application can be used in electrical devices that use batteries as a power source or in various energy storage systems that use batteries as energy storage elements. Electrical devices can be, but are not limited to, mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, power tools, electric vehicles, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, etc. Electric toys can include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc. Spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.

[0067] For ease of explanation, the following embodiments will be described using a vehicle 1000 as an example of an electrical device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0068] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of this application. The vehicle 1000 can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. The new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a range-extended electric vehicle, etc. A battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery 100 can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle 1000. The battery 100 can be used to power the vehicle 1000; for example, the battery 100 can serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000. The vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300. The controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300, for example, to meet the power needs of the vehicle 1000 during startup, navigation, and driving.

[0069] In some embodiments of this application, the battery 100 can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.

[0070] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2This is an exploded structural diagram of a battery provided in some embodiments of this application. The battery 100 includes a housing 10 and a battery cell 20, with the battery cell 20 housed within the housing 10. The housing 10 provides a space for the battery cell 20 and can have various structures. In some embodiments, the housing 10 may include a first portion 11 and a second portion 12, which overlap each other, jointly defining a space for accommodating the battery cell 20. The second portion 12 may be a hollow structure with one open end, and the first portion 11 may be a plate-like structure, covering the open side of the second portion 12 so that the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 jointly define the space. Alternatively, the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 may both be hollow structures with one open side, with the open side of the first portion 11 covering the open side of the second portion 12. Of course, the housing 10 formed by the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 can have various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc. In battery 100, there can be multiple battery cells 20. Multiple battery cells 20 can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed manner. A mixed connection means that multiple battery cells 20 are connected in both series and parallel.

[0071] Multiple battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series, parallel, or in a hybrid configuration, and then the entire assembly of the multiple battery cells 20 is housed within the housing 10. Alternatively, the battery 100 can also be composed of multiple battery cells 20 first connected in series, parallel, or in a hybrid configuration to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules connected in series, parallel, or in a hybrid configuration to form a whole, which is also housed within the housing 10. The battery 100 may also include other structures; for example, the battery 100 may also include a busbar component for realizing the electrical connection between the multiple battery cells 20. Each battery cell 20 can be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it can also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery, or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited to these. The battery cell 20 can be cylindrical, flat, cuboid, or other shapes.

[0072] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of this application. The battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit that makes up the battery. For example... Figure 3The battery cell 20 includes an end cap 21, a housing 22, a cell assembly 23, and other functional components. The end cap 21 is a component that covers the opening of the housing 22 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment. The shape of the end cap 21 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 22 to fit it. Optionally, the end cap 21 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that the end cap 21 is less prone to deformation under pressure and impact, giving the battery cell 20 higher structural strength and improved safety performance. Functional components such as electrode terminals 21a can be provided on the end cap 21. The electrode terminals 21a can be used for electrical connection with the cell assembly 23 to output or input electrical energy from the battery cell 20. In some embodiments, the end cap 21 can also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold. The end cap 21 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and this application embodiment does not impose any special limitations on this. In some embodiments, an insulating member can also be provided on the inner side of the end cap 21. The insulating member can be used to isolate the electrical connection components inside the housing 22 from the end cap 21 to reduce the risk of short circuit. For example, the insulating member can be plastic, rubber, etc. The housing 22 is a component used to cooperate with the end cap 21 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20, wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the cell assembly 23, electrolyte, and other components. The housing 22 and the end cap 21 can be independent components. An opening can be provided on the housing 22, and the end cap 21 can be used to close the opening to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20. Alternatively, the end cap 21 and the housing 22 can be integrated. Specifically, the end cap 21 and the housing 22 can form a common connection surface before other components are inserted into the housing. When it is necessary to encapsulate the interior of the housing 22, the end cap 21 closes the housing 22. The casing 22 can have various shapes and sizes, such as cuboid, cylindrical, hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the casing 22 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the battery cell assembly 23. The casing 22 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and this application embodiment does not impose any special limitations on this. The battery cell assembly 23 is the component in the battery cell 100 where the electrochemical reaction occurs. The casing 22 can contain one or more battery cell assemblies 23. The battery cell assembly 23 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive and negative electrode sheets, and usually a separator is provided between the positive and negative electrode sheets. The portions of the positive and negative electrode sheets with active material constitute the main body of the battery cell assembly, and the portions of the positive and negative electrode sheets without active material each constitute a tab 23a. The positive and negative electrode tabs can be located together at one end of the main body or at both ends of the main body.During the charging and discharging process of the battery, the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material react with the electrolyte, and the tab 23a is connected to the electrode terminal 21a to form a current loop.

[0073] Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is an exploded structural diagram of a battery module provided in some embodiments of this application. The battery module 400 includes multiple stacked battery cells 20. Each battery cell 20 includes two electrode terminals 21a extending from the same side. The electrode terminals 21a of the multiple battery cells 20 are arranged in two columns along the stacking direction of the multiple battery cells 20, and the two electrode terminals 21a on the same side of adjacent battery cells 20 are spaced apart. Adjacent battery cells 20 are connected in series through a busbar 402. This embodiment provides multiple battery cells 20 connected in series; it can be understood that the multiple battery cells 20 can also be connected in parallel or in a mixed configuration.

[0074] The battery module 400 includes a positive output terminal 401 and a negative output terminal 401. Of the two output terminals 401 with different polarities, one is located on one side of the battery module 400, and the other is located on the opposite side. This embodiment illustrates one arrangement of the two output terminals 401. It is understood that there can be multiple arrangements of the two output terminals 401, depending on the specific requirements. It is also understood that the specific structure of the output terminal 401 can be varied. The embodiment of this application provides a specific structure and does not represent a limitation on the specific structure of the output terminal 401. The specific structure of the output terminal 401 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0075] Please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 , Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the output pole provided for an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 for Figure 5 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the output electrode along line AA. An embodiment of this application provides an output electrode 401, including a substrate 4011 and an insulating layer 4012. The insulating layer 4012 covers a portion of its surface; wherein the insulating layer 4012 is made of a modified polyphenylene sulfide resin and a reinforcing agent distributed within the modified polyphenylene sulfide resin. The reinforcing agent includes a sheet material.

[0076] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 and Figure 6This application provides a specific structure for an output electrode 401. A substrate 4011 includes an input surface 4011a and an output surface 4011b disposed opposite to each other, and a side surface 4011c adjacent to the input surface 4011a and the output surface 4011b. An insulating layer 4012 is at least disposed on the side surface 4011c. At least a portion of the input surface 4011a is exposed to the insulating layer 4012, and at least a portion of the output surface 4011b is exposed to the insulating layer 4012.

[0077] The output electrode 401 is used to input or output electrical energy in the battery 100. Generally, a battery module 400 includes a positive output electrode 401 and a negative output electrode 401. The substrate 4011 of the output electrode 401 is conductive to facilitate the transmission of electrical energy. In some embodiments, the substrate 4011 of the output electrode 401 can be made of any conductive material. For example, the substrate 4011 can be made of copper, aluminum, or a combination of copper and aluminum. The input surface 4011a and the output surface 4011b are arranged opposite each other and are used for the input and output of electrical energy, respectively. It is understood that both the input surface 4011a and the output surface 4011b are at least partially exposed to the insulating layer 4012 to achieve the conductivity of the output electrode 401. The insulating layer 4012 of the output electrode 401 may be disposed only on all side surfaces 4011c, or it may extend to a portion of the input surface 4011a or a portion of the output surface 4011b in addition to being disposed on all side surfaces 4011c. The insulating layer 4012 may also extend to a portion of the input surface 4011a and a portion of the output surface 4011b in addition to being disposed on all side surfaces 4011c, to isolate electrical conduction. In some embodiments, the input surface 4011a or the portion exposed to the insulating layer 4012 is connected to the positive or negative electrode of the battery cell 20, and the output surface 4011b or the portion exposed to the insulating layer 4012 is connected to other devices. All other surfaces of the substrate 4011 are covered with the insulating layer 4012 to reduce the possibility of leakage or short circuits at the output electrode 401.

[0078] The insulating layer 4012 of this application is made of modified polyphenylene sulfide resin and reinforcing agents distributed in the modified polyphenylene sulfide resin. Polyphenylene sulfide resin is a thermoplastic resin with phenyl sulfide groups in its molecular backbone. The bond structure between sulfur atoms and benzene rings in its molecular chain is tight, resulting in a high glass transition temperature and thermal stability. It maintains good insulation performance even under high temperature, high pressure, and strong acid / alkali conditions. Furthermore, polyphenylene sulfide resin exhibits good dimensional stability, with minimal difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion in different directions when the product is subjected to alternating heating and cooling. In addition, polyphenylene sulfide resin has a low dielectric constant and dielectric loss, and its molecular chain exhibits low polarization under an applied electric field, maintaining good insulation performance even under high voltage, high frequency, and strong electric fields. However, the insulating layer 4012 formed by polyphenylene sulfide resin shows a significant difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion in different directions compared to the substrate 4011 when the product is subjected to alternating heating and cooling, making it prone to cracking on the large surface of the product. Layered materials refer to materials with a two-dimensional layered structure (aspect ratio of at least 10:1). The particle size of a single layer is usually in the range of a few micrometers to tens of micrometers, and the thickness is about a few hundred nanometers.

[0079] The embodiments of this application improve the dimensional stability of polyphenylene sulfide resin by adding a reinforcing agent to the sheet material. This reduces the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion between the formed insulating layer 4012 and the substrate 4011 in various directions during alternating heating and cooling, improves the consistency of dimensional shrinkage / expansion in all directions, reduces the possibility of large-area cracking, and improves product performance. Furthermore, the sheet material has no obvious orientation, reducing the likelihood of stress deformation in the formed insulating layer 4012, further improving product performance.

[0080] In some embodiments, the microstructure of the sheet material includes sheet-like structures and / or layered structures;

[0081] Optionally, the aspect ratio of the sheet structure is greater than or equal to 50, and can be selected as 50-100;

[0082] Optionally, the aspect ratio of a single layer of the layered structure is greater than or equal to 50, and can be selected as 50-100.

[0083] Among them, the sheet structure is a type of layered structure. In any embodiment, the aspect ratio of the sheet structure can be 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, or any range of two of the above values. For example, the aspect ratio of the sheet structure can be 50-80, 60-70, or 70-100, etc. Within the above range, it has a larger specific surface area and better controllability, which is beneficial to improving the dimensional stability of polyphenylene sulfide resin and reducing the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion in various directions between the formed insulating layer 4012 and the substrate 4011 when subjected to alternating heating and cooling.

[0084] Layered structure refers to another type of sheet material, which is a material in which two or more layers of sheet material are stacked together. In any embodiment, the aspect ratio of a single layer of the layered structure can be 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, or any range of two of the above values. For example, the aspect ratio of a single layer of the layered structure can be 50-80, 60-70, or 70-100. Within the above range, it has a larger specific surface area and better controllability, which is beneficial to improving the dimensional stability of polyphenylene sulfide resin and reducing the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion in various directions between the formed insulating layer 4012 and the substrate 4011 when subjected to alternating hot and cold temperatures.

[0085] In some embodiments, the average particle size of the sheet material is less than or equal to 2 μm, and optionally less than or equal to 1.6 μm.

[0086] In the embodiments of this application, the average particle size refers to the average diameter of the sheet material. The average particle size is tested according to GB / T19077-2016 laser particle size analyzer diffraction method. Take a clean beaker, add an appropriate amount of the sample to be tested, add a surfactant and then add a dispersant. After sufficient dispersion, use a laser particle size analyzer to determine the particle size distribution characteristics (opacity: 8-12%).

[0087] In any embodiment, the average particle size of the sheet material can be 0.1μm, 0.2μm, 0.3μm, 0.4μm, 0.5μm, 0.6μm, 0.7μm, 0.8μm, 0.9μm, 1.0μm, 1.1μm, 1.2μm, 1.3μm, 1.4μm, 1.5μm, 1.6μm, 1.7μm, 1.8μm, 1.9μm, 2.0μm, or a range of any two of the above values. For example, the average particle size of the sheet material can be 0.1μm-0.6μm, 0.1μm-1.0μm, or 0.5μm-1.6μm, etc. Within the above ranges, the average particle size of the sheet material is relatively small, requiring multiple fine processing steps to obtain a high purity sheet material. This helps reduce the impurity content in the insulating layer 4012 and contributes to the good mechanical strength of the formed insulating layer 4012. Furthermore, the average particle size of the sheet material is less than or equal to 1.6 μm, which further contributes to improving the mechanical strength of the formed insulating layer 4012.

[0088] In some embodiments, the sheet material includes one or both of talc and mica.

[0089] The main component of talc is hydrated magnesium silicate, with the molecular formula Mg3[Si4O3]. 10[OH]2, belonging to the monoclinic crystal system, has pseudo-hexagonal or rhombic platy crystals. Mica is one of the rock-forming minerals that exhibits hexagonal platy crystals. Talc and mica, as platy materials, enhance the overall strength and insulation of polyphenylene sulfide resin, and are beneficial to improving the dimensional stability of polyphenylene sulfide resin. They reduce the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion between the formed insulating layer 4012 and the substrate 4011 in various directions when subjected to alternating heating and cooling, improve the consistency of dimensional shrinkage / expansion in various directions of the product, and reduce the possibility of large-area cracking of the product.

[0090] In some embodiments, the modified polyphenylene sulfide resin includes toughening agent-modified polyphenylene sulfide resin; the toughening agent-modified polyphenylene sulfide resin is obtained by toughening agent-modified polyphenylene sulfide resin.

[0091] Among them, toughening agent refers to a substance that can reduce the brittleness of insulation layer 4012 and increase the flexibility of insulation layer 4012.

[0092] In the embodiments of this application, an insulating layer 4012 formed by toughening agent-modified polyphenylene sulfide resin is provided, which is beneficial to increasing the flexibility of the insulating layer 4012.

[0093] In some embodiments, the toughening agent includes ethylene-maleic anhydride-glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (EMG).

[0094] Among them, the ethylene-maleic anhydride-glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer has multiple functional groups. The ethylene molecular chain can play a toughening role, while the anhydride group, epoxy group and other groups can improve the compatibility with the resin, enhance the bonding force with polyphenylene sulfide resin, and improve the mechanical properties of the composite material.

[0095] In some embodiments, the number average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 50,000-70,000, and optionally 50,000-60,000.

[0096] Polymers are homologous mixtures with the same chemical composition but different degrees of polymerization; that is, they are mixtures of polymers with different molecular chain lengths. Number-average molecular weight refers to the size of polyphenylene sulfide resin molecules according to the number of molecules, that is, the ratio of the total mass of the molecules to the total number of molecules.

[0097] In any embodiment, the number-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin can be 50,000, 55,000, 60,000, 65,000, 70,000, or a range consisting of any two of the above values. For example, the number-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin can be 55,000-65,000, 50,000-60,000, or 60,000-70,000, etc. Within the above range, by controlling the number-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin, the formed insulating layer 4012 can have good overall strength, which is beneficial to improving the dimensional stability of the insulating layer 4012. Further, the number-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 50,000-60,000. Within the above range, it is beneficial to improve the size uniformity of the polyphenylene sulfide resin molecules, which is further beneficial to improving the overall strength stability of the formed insulating layer 4012.

[0098] In some embodiments, during the process of toughening agent modification of polyphenylene sulfide resin, the mass ratio of toughening agent to polyphenylene sulfide resin is 5-30:100, and optionally 5-10:100.

[0099] In any embodiment, the mass ratio of toughening agent to polyphenylene sulfide resin can be 5:100, 10:100, 15:100, 20:100, 25:100, 30:100, or any range of two of the above values. For example, the mass ratio of toughening agent to polyphenylene sulfide resin can be 5-10:100, 10-20:100, or 15-30:100, etc. Within the above range, the toughening agent-modified polyphenylene sulfide resin has good flexibility, reducing the possibility of film cracking. Furthermore, the mass ratio of toughening agent to polyphenylene sulfide resin can be 5-10:100. Within the above range, the proportion of polyphenylene sulfide resin in the insulating layer 4012 is relatively large, which is beneficial to keep the overall strength of the toughening agent-modified polyphenylene sulfide resin within a good range.

[0100] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the sheet material to the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 10-60:100, and optionally 15-30:100.

[0101] In any embodiment, the mass ratio of the sheet material to the polyphenylene sulfide resin can be 10:100, 15:100, 20:100, 25:100, 30:100, 35:100, 40:100, 45:100, 50:100, 55:100, 60:100, or any range of two of the above values. For example, the mass ratio of the sheet material to the polyphenylene sulfide resin can be 15-30:100, 20-40:100, or 45-55:100, etc. Within the above range, it is beneficial to improve the overall strength of the formed insulating layer 4012 and to reduce the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion between the formed insulating layer 4012 and the substrate 4011 in various directions when subjected to alternating heating and cooling. Furthermore, the mass ratio of the sheet material to the polyphenylene sulfide resin can be 15-30:100. Within the above range, as the amount of sheet material added increases, the overall strength of the formed insulation layer 4012 also increases, and the consistency of the dimensional shrinkage / expansion of the formed insulation layer 4012 and the substrate 4011 in all directions during alternating heating and cooling is also at a good level.

[0102] In some embodiments, the melt flow rate of the polyphenylene sulfide resin under the test conditions of 316°C / 5kg is 50 g / 10 min to 100 g / 10 min. For example, the melt flow rate of the polyphenylene sulfide resin under the test conditions of 316°C / 5kg can be 50 g / 10 min, 60 g / 10 min, 70 g / 10 min, 80 g / 10 min, 90 g / 10 min, 100 g / 10 min, or a range of any two of the above values. For instance, the melt flow rate of the polyphenylene sulfide resin under the test conditions of 316°C / 5kg can be 50 g / 10 min to 70 g / 10 min, 70 g / 10 min to 90 g / 10 min, or 90 g / 10 min to 100 g / 10 min, etc.

[0103] In some embodiments, the absolute value of the difference between the linear expansion coefficient of the insulating layer 4012 material and the linear expansion coefficient of the substrate 4011 material along the flow direction or perpendicular to the flow direction is less than or equal to 50 × 10⁻⁶. -6 m / m·℃; Optionally, the linear expansion coefficient of the insulating layer material along the flow direction is 25×10⁻⁶. -6 m·℃-93×10 -6 m·℃, can be selected as 38×10 - 6 m / m·℃-65×10 -6 m / m·℃; Optionally, the linear expansion coefficient of the insulating layer material along the perpendicular flow direction is 29×10⁻⁶. -6 m·℃-97×10 -6 m·℃, can be selected as 34×10-6 m / m·℃-69×10 -6 m / m·℃.

[0104] The coefficient of linear expansion represents the degree of expansion or contraction of a material. In this application, the coefficient of linear expansion is used to characterize the dimensional shrinkage / expansion of the insulating layer 4012 and the substrate 4011 in various directions under alternating heating and cooling. The flow direction refers to the direction in which the polyphenylene sulfide resin enters from the feed gate, is melt-extruded, and exits the screw extruder during the product preparation process. The perpendicular flow direction refers to the direction perpendicular to the flow direction.

[0105] In the embodiments of this application, the linear expansion coefficients of the insulating layer 4012 and the substrate 4011 are adjusted along the flow direction or perpendicular to the flow direction to make their linear expansion coefficients close, so that the degree of dimensional shrinkage / expansion in both directions is consistent when subjected to alternating hot and cold temperatures, thereby reducing the possibility of large-area cracking of the product and improving the product's performance.

[0106] In some embodiments, the coefficient of linear expansion of the insulating layer 4012 along the flow direction is 25 × 10⁻⁶. -6 m·℃-93×10 -6 At m·℃, the linear expansion coefficient of the insulating layer 4012 material along the direction perpendicular to the flow is 29 × 10⁻⁶ m·℃. -6 m·℃-97×10 -6 m·℃, the substrate 4011 is made of aluminum and / or copper, and its coefficient of linear expansion is 20×10. -6 m·℃-50×10 -6 The difference between their linear expansion coefficients along the flow direction is 0-73×10 m·℃. -6 The difference between their linear expansion coefficients along the direction perpendicular to the flow is 0-77×10 m·℃. -6 At m·℃, the dimensional shrinkage / expansion in both directions is more consistent during alternating heating and cooling, further reducing the possibility of large-area cracking in the product. In some embodiments, the linear expansion coefficient of the insulating layer 4012 material along the flow direction is 38 × 10⁻⁶. -6 m / m·℃-65×10 -6 The linear expansion coefficient of the insulation layer 4012 material along the direction perpendicular to the flow is 34 × 10⁻⁶ m / m·℃. -6 m / m·℃-69×10 -6 m / m·℃, the substrate 4011 is made of aluminum and / or copper, and its coefficient of linear expansion is 20×10. -6 m·℃-50×10 -6 The difference between their linear expansion coefficients along the flow direction is 0-45×10 m·℃. -6The difference between their linear expansion coefficients along the direction perpendicular to the flow is 0-49×10 m·℃. -6 m·℃, the two have a more consistent degree of dimensional shrinkage / expansion in two directions when subjected to alternating hot and cold temperatures, which further reduces the possibility of large-area cracking of the product.

[0107] In some embodiments, the absolute value of the difference between the linear expansion coefficient of the insulating layer 4012 material along the flow direction and the linear expansion coefficient along the direction perpendicular to the flow direction is less than or equal to 10 × 10⁻⁶. -6 m / m·℃.

[0108] In the embodiments of this application, by adjusting the linear expansion coefficient of the insulating layer 4012 material in different directions, the degree of dimensional shrinkage / expansion of the insulating layer 4012 in different directions is made consistent when subjected to alternating hot and cold temperatures, which is beneficial to improving the dimensional stability of the insulating layer 4012.

[0109] In some embodiments, the substrate 4011 is made of a conductive metal or a conductive alloy; optionally, the substrate 4011 is made of copper, aluminum, a copper-containing alloy, or an aluminum-containing alloy.

[0110] Any conductive metal or alloy can be used as the material for the substrate 4011. Furthermore, considering the conductivity, dimensional stability, product weight, and raw material cost of the substrate 4011, the embodiments of this application use one of copper, aluminum, copper-containing alloys, or aluminum-containing alloys as the material for the substrate 4011.

[0111] In some embodiments, the modified polyphenylene sulfide resin may further include other additives that modify the polyphenylene sulfide resin. These additives may be one or more of coupling agents, antioxidants, and heat stabilizers. In some embodiments, the modified polyphenylene sulfide resin may be a coupling agent-modified polyphenylene sulfide resin, wherein the mass ratio of the coupling agent to the polyphenylene sulfide resin used in the coupling agent modification process is 1:100. For example, the coupling agent may be a titanate coupling agent; it is understood that other types of coupling agents may also be used. In some embodiments, the modified polyphenylene sulfide resin may be an antioxidant-modified polyphenylene sulfide resin, wherein the mass ratio of the antioxidant to the polyphenylene sulfide resin used in the antioxidant modification process is 0.5:100. For example, the antioxidant may be pentaerythritol diphosphate; it is understood that other types of antioxidants may also be used. In some embodiments, the modified polyphenylene sulfide resin can be a heat stabilizer-modified polyphenylene sulfide resin, wherein the mass ratio of the heat stabilizer to the polyphenylene sulfide resin used in the process of heat stabilizer modification is 0.5:100. For example, the heat stabilizer can be a phosphite; it is understood that other types of heat stabilizers can also be used.

[0112] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a method for preparing an output electrode 401, comprising:

[0113] Provides 4011 substrate;

[0114] An insulating layer 4012 is formed on a portion of the surface of the substrate 4011;

[0115] The insulating layer 4012 is made of modified polyphenylene sulfide resin and reinforcing agents distributed in the modified polyphenylene sulfide resin; the reinforcing agents include sheet materials.

[0116] The embodiments of this application prepare the output electrode 401 by the provided method. The difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion between the insulating layer 4012 and the substrate 4011 in each direction is small when subjected to alternating heating and cooling. The possibility of large-area cracking of the product is reduced, and the product performance is improved.

[0117] In some embodiments, forming an insulating layer 4012 on a portion of the surface of the substrate 4011 includes:

[0118] Polyphenylene sulfide resin, toughening agent, and reinforcing agent are mixed to form a premix;

[0119] The premixed material is added to a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded to obtain an insulating layer material. The insulating layer material is then used to form an insulating layer 4012 on a portion of the surface of the substrate 4011. The screw speed of the twin-screw extruder is 300 rpm to 500 rpm.

[0120] In some embodiments, polyphenylene sulfide resin, toughening agent, and reinforcing agent can be added separately from different feed ports into the screw to form a premix. In some embodiments, a twin-screw extruder is used to melt extrude the premix. In some embodiments, the melt extrusion molding process parameters are set and adjusted according to the properties of the polyphenylene sulfide resin, toughening agent, and reinforcing agent. In some embodiments, the melt extrusion molding process parameters can be: Zone 1 temperature setting: 200℃-220℃, Zone 2 temperature setting: 280℃-300℃, Zone 3 temperature setting: 290℃-310℃, Zone 4 temperature setting: 300℃-320℃, Zone 5 temperature setting: 290℃-310℃, Zone 6 temperature setting: 290℃-310℃, Zone 7 temperature setting: 300℃-320℃, Zone 8 temperature setting: 300℃-320℃, Zone 9 temperature setting: 290℃-310℃, and Die temperature setting: 300℃-320℃. In some embodiments, the length-to-diameter ratio (L / D) of the twin-screw extruder is 40, 48, or 64. In some embodiments, the screw has two or more shearing block zones and one reverse thread zone, resulting in a denser material packing and a better injection molding appearance. In some embodiments, the angle of the screw's shearing blocks is 30°, 45°, 60°, or 90°; the larger the angle, the stronger the shearing force. For example, the screw speed of the twin-screw extruder can be 300 rpm, 350 rpm, 400 rpm, 450 rpm, or 500 rpm.

[0121] In the embodiments of this application, a twin-screw extruder is used to melt-extrude polyphenylene sulfide resin, toughening agent, and reinforcing agent to form an insulating layer 4012 on the side surface 4011c of the substrate 4011. By controlling the screw speed of the twin-screw extruder, the screw speed is kept at a low level, thereby reducing damage to the reinforcing agent of the sheet material during the twin-screw extrusion process, resulting in better integrity of the sheet material, and thus achieving the effect of the reinforcing agent in reducing the coefficient of linear expansion of the composite material.

[0122] The beneficial effects of this application are further illustrated below with reference to the embodiments.

[0123] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects solved by the embodiments of this application clearer, the following will provide a more detailed description in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit this application or its applications. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0124] Example 1

[0125] 1. Fabrication of the output electrode:

[0126] A substrate 4011 is provided; the substrate 4011 includes an input surface 4011a and an output surface 4011b disposed opposite to each other, and a side surface 4011c adjacent to the input surface 4011a and the output surface 4011b, and the material of the substrate 4011 is aluminum;

[0127] 5 kg of polyphenylene sulfide resin with a number-average molecular weight of 50,000 and an average particle size of 2 μm, and 250 g of ethylene-maleic anhydride-glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer were added to the main feed of a twin-screw extruder. 250 g of layered talc powder was added to the screw through a side feed inlet. Melt extrusion was then performed to obtain the insulating layer material. The melt extrusion process parameters were as follows: Zone 1 temperature setting: 210℃, Zone 2 temperature setting: 290℃, Zone 3 temperature setting: 300℃, Zone 4 temperature setting: 310℃, Zone 5 temperature setting: 300℃, Zone 6 temperature setting: 300℃, Zone 7 temperature setting: 310℃, Zone 8 temperature setting: 310℃, Zone 9 temperature setting: 300℃, Die temperature setting: 310℃, Screw speed: 400 rpm. The screw length-to-diameter ratio (L / D) of the twin-screw extruder was 48. The screw has two shearing block areas and one reverse thread area. The angle of the adhesive block on the screw is 60 degrees.

[0128] An insulating layer material is formed at least on the side surface 4011c of the substrate 4011 to form an insulating layer 4012, wherein at least a portion of the input surface 4011a is exposed to the insulating layer 4012, and at least a portion of the output surface 4011b is exposed to the insulating layer 4012.

[0129] The specific parameters for each embodiment and comparative example are detailed in Table 1, and the rest are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0130] 2. Test method for average particle size of lamellar materials:

[0131] The average particle size was tested according to the laser particle size analyzer diffraction method in GB / T19077-2016. A clean beaker was taken, an appropriate amount of the sample to be tested was added, a surfactant was added, and then a dispersant was added. After the particles were fully dispersed, the particle size distribution characteristics were determined by a laser particle size analyzer (opacity: 8%-12%).

[0132] 3. Testing methods for the microstructure of lamellar materials:

[0133] The sheet material was mixed with deionized water and evenly dispersed. A few drops of the resulting diluted solution were added to the sample preparation stage using a dropper and allowed to dry. The dried sample was then placed on the observation stage of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to obtain a microscopic morphology image of the sheet material. From the obtained microscopic morphology image, a certain number of sheet materials were randomly selected, and the radial length and thickness of each selected number of sheet materials were measured to calculate the aspect ratio of each sheet material. The average aspect ratio of the sheet material was then calculated based on the aspect ratios of each sheet material.

[0134] 4. Preparation of test samples: Prepare rectangular test strips for the output electrode insulation material according to the requirements of ISO 11359-1 / -2 Determination of the linear thermal expansion coefficient of plastics. The length, width, and thickness of the test strips should be 10 mm and 10 mm respectively. Prepare test strips for the 4011 substrate material according to the requirements of GB / T4399-2008 Determination of thermal expansion characteristic parameters of metallic materials. The length of the test strips should be 25 mm and the lateral dimension should be 5 mm.

[0135] The testing process for other embodiments is the same as above.

[0136] Table 1. Sample parameters and performance test results for each embodiment and comparative example.

[0137]

[0138] The results show that, in Comparative Example 1, the insulating layer is made of glass fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide resin, and the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion between the insulating layer and the substrate in the same direction is large, as is the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion between the insulating layer and the substrate in different directions. In contrast to Comparative Example 1, the insulating layer of the embodiment of this application is made of modified polyphenylene sulfide resin reinforced with sheet material, and the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion between the insulating layer and the substrate in the same direction and / or the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion between the insulating layer and the substrate in different directions is low. This is beneficial to improving the dimensional stability of the output electrode and reducing the possibility of large-area cracking of the product.

[0139] As seen in Examples 1-10, when the mass ratio of talc to polyphenylene sulfide resin increases, the effect on the dimensional stability of the output electrode fluctuates to some extent. Therefore, adjusting the mass ratio of talc to polyphenylene sulfide resin can further improve the dimensional stability of the output electrode.

[0140] As seen in Examples 3 and 11-14, when the aspect ratio of talc increases, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the insulating layer in different directions decreases significantly; the differences in dimensional shrinkage / expansion of the insulating layer in different directions and the differences in dimensional shrinkage / expansion of the insulating layer and the base layer in the same direction fluctuate within a small range. Therefore, appropriately increasing the aspect ratio of talc can further improve the dimensional stability of the output electrode.

[0141] As seen in Examples 3 and 15, when the average particle size of talc powder decreases, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the insulation layer in different directions and the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion of the insulation layer in different directions are significantly reduced; the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion of the insulation layer and the base layer in the same direction fluctuates within a small range. Therefore, appropriately reducing the average particle size of talc powder can further improve the dimensional stability of the output electrode.

[0142] As seen in Examples 3 and 16-19, when the molecular weight of talc increases, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the insulating layer in different directions, the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion of the insulating layer in different directions, and the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion of the insulating layer and the base layer in the same direction fluctuate within a small range. Therefore, controlling the molecular weight of talc can further improve the dimensional stability of the output electrode.

[0143] As seen in Examples 3 and 20-23, when the mass ratio of EMG to polyphenylene sulfide resin increases, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the insulation layer in different directions and the difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion of the insulation layer in different directions both increase significantly. The difference in dimensional shrinkage / expansion of the insulation layer and the base layer in the same direction fluctuates within a small range. Therefore, adjusting the mass ratio of EMG to polyphenylene sulfide resin can further improve the dimensional stability of the output electrode.

[0144] As seen in Examples 3 and 24-26, the addition of other additives has a certain degree of fluctuation in the effect on the dimensional stability of the output electrode.

[0145] As can be seen from Examples 3 and 27, the dimensional stability of the output electrode is also increased when other substrate materials are used. Therefore, the output electrode provided by the embodiments of this application can be widely applied to the output electrode of various substrates.

[0146] As can be seen from Comparative Example 1, Example 3, and Example 28, the dimensional stability of the output electrode is increased compared to Comparative Example 1 when different sheet materials are used. Therefore, different sheet materials can be used to improve the dimensional stability of the output electrode.

[0147] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, or indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0148] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0149] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An output electrode, characterized in that, include: Base; An insulating layer that covers a portion of the surface of the substrate; The insulating layer is composed of modified polyphenylene sulfide resin and reinforcing agents distributed in the modified polyphenylene sulfide resin; the modified polyphenylene sulfide resin includes toughening agent-modified polyphenylene sulfide resin; the toughening agent-modified polyphenylene sulfide resin is obtained by modifying polyphenylene sulfide resin with a toughening agent; the toughening agent includes ethylene-maleic anhydride-glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer; and the reinforcing agent is a sheet material.

2. The output pole according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microstructure of the sheet material includes sheet-like structures and / or layered structures.

3. The output pole according to claim 2, characterized in that, The aspect ratio of the sheet-like structure is greater than or equal to 50.

4. The output pole according to claim 3, characterized in that, The aspect ratio of the sheet-like structure is 50-100.

5. The output pole according to claim 2, characterized in that, The aspect ratio of the single layer of the layered structure is greater than or equal to 50.

6. The output pole according to claim 5, characterized in that, The aspect ratio of a single layer of the layered structure is 50-100.

7. The output pole according to claim 1, characterized in that, The average particle size of the sheet material is less than or equal to 2 μm.

8. The output pole according to claim 7, characterized in that, The average particle size of the sheet material is less than or equal to 1.6 μm.

9. The output pole according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sheet material includes one or both of talc and mica.

10. The output pole according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 50,000-70,000.

11. The output pole according to claim 10, characterized in that, The number average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 50,000-60,000.

12. The output pole according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the toughening agent to the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 5-30:

100.

13. The output pole according to claim 12, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the toughening agent to the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 5-10:

100.

14. The output pole according to claim 12, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the sheet material to the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 10-60:

100.

15. The output pole according to claim 14, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the sheet material to the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 15-30:

100.

16. The output pole according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the flow direction or perpendicular to the flow direction, the absolute value of the difference between the linear expansion coefficient of the insulating layer material and the linear expansion coefficient of the substrate material is less than or equal to 50 × 10⁻⁶. - 6 m / m·℃.

17. The output pole according to claim 16, characterized in that, The linear expansion coefficient of the insulating layer material along the flow direction is 25 × 10⁻⁶. -6 m·℃-93×10 -6 m·℃.

18. The output pole according to claim 17, characterized in that, The linear expansion coefficient of the insulating layer material along the flow direction is 38 × 10⁻⁶. -6 m / m·℃-65×10 -6 m / m·℃.

19. The output pole according to claim 16, characterized in that, The linear expansion coefficient of the insulating layer material along the direction perpendicular to the flow is 29 × 10⁻⁶. -6 m·℃-97×10 -6 m·℃.

20. The output pole according to claim 19, characterized in that, The linear expansion coefficient of the insulating layer material along the direction perpendicular to the flow is 34 × 10⁻⁶. -6 m / m·℃-69×10 -6 m / m·℃.

21. The output pole according to claim 16, characterized in that, The absolute value of the difference between the linear expansion coefficient of the insulating layer material along the flow direction and the linear expansion coefficient along the perpendicular flow direction is less than or equal to 10 × 10⁻⁶. -6 m / m·℃.

22. The output pole according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate is made of conductive metal or conductive alloy.

23. The output pole according to claim 22, characterized in that, The substrate is made of one of the following materials: copper, aluminum, copper alloy, or aluminum alloy.

24. A method for preparing an output electrode, characterized in that, include: Provide a base; An insulating layer is formed on a portion of the surface of the substrate; The insulating layer is composed of modified polyphenylene sulfide resin and reinforcing agents distributed in the modified polyphenylene sulfide resin; the modified polyphenylene sulfide resin includes toughening agent-modified polyphenylene sulfide resin; the toughening agent-modified polyphenylene sulfide resin is obtained by modifying polyphenylene sulfide resin with a toughening agent; the toughening agent includes ethylene-maleic anhydride-glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer; and the reinforcing agent is a sheet material.

25. The method for preparing the output electrode according to claim 24, characterized in that, Forming an insulating layer on a portion of the surface of the substrate includes: Polyphenylene sulfide resin, toughening agent, and reinforcing agent are mixed to form a premix; The premixed material is added to a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded to obtain an insulating layer material. The insulating layer material is then used to form an insulating layer on a portion of the surface of the substrate. The screw speed of the twin-screw extruder is 300 rpm to 500 rpm.

26. A battery, characterized in that, This includes the output electrode as described in any one of claims 1-23 or the output electrode prepared by the method described in claim 24 or 25.

27. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Includes the battery as described in claim 26.

Images