Knitting machine with tiltable reed wire and knitting method

Abstract

The invention relates to a jacquard knitting machine (100) intended to produce a fibrous structure (200) by three-dimensional knitting between a plurality of warp threads (203) and a plurality of weft threads (204) extending in a horizontal direction (DH), comprising a reed wire (150), the reed is movable in a beating-up direction (DF) parallel to the horizontal direction between a stop position upstream of the rapier and a position for beating up a fell of the fibrous structure. The reed wire (150) comprises at least two fixed parts (151, 152) which are at an angle to each other. The reed wire (150) is mounted on the weaving machine by means of a positioning mechanism (170) capable of orienting the reed wire about an axis of rotation (1710) to adjust the angular position of the fixed portion of the reed wire relative to the horizontal reference plane (PH). The knitting machine comprises vertical translation means (172, 160) capable of moving the fell (205) of the reed wire or fibrous structure in a vertical direction (DV).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to jacquard-type weaving machines and the production of composite material components, more particularly to the production of fiber-reinforced structures for such components by three-dimensional (3D) weaving. Background Art

[0002] One field of application of the invention is the production of components made of structural composite materials, i.e. structural components with a fiber reinforcement densified by a matrix, such as components made of organic matrix composites (OMC), carbon matrix composites (C / C) and ceramic matrix composites (CMC). Organic matrix composites (OMC), carbon matrix composites (C / C) and ceramic matrix composites (CMC) replace components made of metallic materials in certain parts of turbomachinery. Their use contributes in particular to optimizing the performance of aircraft by increasing the efficiency of turbomachinery and reducing its overall mass, which significantly reduces harmful emissions to the environment (CO, CO2, NO x wait).

[0003] The invention more particularly relates to monitoring the juxtaposition direction of weft yarns in a weft yarn array during a weaving process.

[0004] Figure 1 A jacquard-type loom 310 is schematically shown for producing a fiber structure or fabric obtained by multi-layer weaving between multi-layer warp yarns 330 and multi-layer weft yarns 331 .

[0005] In a known manner, the loom 310 is equipped with Figure 1 The loom 10 also includes a jacquard mechanism 3311 supported by an upper structure not shown in the figure. The loom 10 also includes a heald frame (harnais) 320 composed of a tying plate 321 and control yarns or healds 322, each heald 322 is connected at one end to the control hook 12 of the jacquard mechanism 311 and at the other end to one of the return springs 313 fixed to the frame 314 of the loom 310.

[0006] Each heald 322 comprises an eyelet 323 through which a warp thread 330 passes. Under the tension exerted respectively by the control hook 312 and the return spring 313, the heald 322 and its associated eyelet 323 are driven by a substantially vertical oscillating movement indicated by the double arrow F. The heald 322 makes it possible to lift certain warp threads 330 and thereby form a shed 315, i.e. an opening between the lower web and the upper web of warp threads 330, allowing the introduction of a weft thread 331 by means of a rapier 341. The rapier 341 is equipped at its end with a clamp 342 which takes the weft thread 331 from the drum 340 to place it through the opening between the web of warp threads 330 formed by the shed 315, after being positioned in the shed 315, using a knife 343 to cut the weft thread 331.

[0007] Then, the reed blade 350 present upstream of the rapier 341 in the rest position is folded down to tighten the weft yarn introduced into the shed 315. Then, the rapier 341 is ready to clamp a new weft yarn 331 from the drum 40 again and place it. Thus, a fiber structure with a three-dimensional (3D) weave is gradually formed between the warp yarn 330 and the weft yarn 31.

[0008] In this type of loom it is possible to produce complex (i.e. 3D) weaves where all the weft rows are oriented relative to the horizontal direction D. H Oriented at 90°.

[0009] However, it is advantageous to be able to position the weft yarn array at angles other than 90°, in particular to pre-position the weft yarns prior to forming the fiber structure or to define specific mechanical properties in the final component. Summary of the invention

[0010] To this end, the present invention proposes a jacquard loom, which is intended to produce a fiber structure by three-dimensional weaving between multiple warp yarns and multiple weft yarns extending in the horizontal direction, the loom comprising: multiple control yarns capable of moving the warp yarns in the vertical direction; at least one rapier located downstream of the control yarns and capable of pulling the weft yarns; and a reed blade, which is capable of moving in a beating direction parallel to the horizontal direction, between a rest position upstream of the rapier and a beating position at the weft cut of the fiber structure, and is characterized in that the reed blade comprises at least two fixed parts forming a certain angle therebetween, and the reed blade is mounted on the loom by a positioning mechanism, which is capable of at least orienting the reed blade around a rotation axis to adjust the angular position of the at least two fixed parts of the reed blade relative to a horizontal reference plane, and the loom also comprises a vertical translation device, which is capable of moving the reed blade or the weft cut of the fiber structure in the vertical direction, so as to move the reed blade or the weft cut upward or downward relative to the horizontal reference plane.

[0011] In the loom of the present invention, the angle at which the reed blade beats up the weft at the cloth fell can be adjusted to a value different from 90° relative to the horizontal reference plane. Thus, it is possible to weave a weft yarn row in which the weft yarns are juxtaposed along a layering direction that is not perpendicular to the horizontal reference plane. The inclination of the layering direction is monitored by selecting the value of the beating-up angle of the reed blade.

[0012] According to a particular feature of the weaving machine of the invention, the angle formed between said at least two fixing portions is between 60° and 80°, more preferably an angle of about 70°.

[0013] The present invention also relates to a method for three-dimensional weaving in a single fiber structure between multiple layers of warp yarns and multiple layers of weft yarns, the weaving being performed by a loom according to the present invention, the warp yarns extending in a horizontal direction corresponding to the advancing direction of the warp yarns, the weft yarns extending in a transverse direction, the weft yarns being woven into a plurality of columns spaced apart from each other in a horizontal direction, each column of weft yarns being positioned against the fell of the fiber structure by a reed of the loom, the weft yarns in each column of weft yarns being juxtaposed in the thickness of the fiber structure along a determined layering direction, the method comprising weaving at least one section of the fiber structure having an inclined weft yarn column, the weft yarns in the weft yarn columns of the at least one section having an inclined weft yarn column being juxtaposed along at least one first layering direction that is not perpendicular to a horizontal reference plane.

[0014] Thus, a fiber structure is formed which comprises one or more deployment sections in which the weft yarns in a weft yarn column are juxtaposed along a layering direction which forms an angle different from 90° with the horizontal direction.

[0015] According to a particular feature of the method according to the invention, the weft threads of the weft thread rows of the at least one section having inclined weft thread rows are juxtaposed along different first and second layering directions.

[0016] As a result, a section of the fiber structure is formed which has a broken-off shape of the weft thread row.

[0017] According to another particular feature of the method of the invention, said at least one section having inclined weft yarn rows is interconnected with one or more adjacent sections of the fiber structure by weaving, the weft yarns in the weft yarn rows of adjacent sections being juxtaposed along a layering direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction.

[0018] Here, the sections with inclined weft yarn columns may correspond to one or more deployment sections that are folded during the formation of the fiber structure. Thus, after folding the sections with inclined weft yarn columns, the angle changes caused by the shear forces applied therein during their deployment cause the horizontal straightening of the weft yarn columns in these sections and prevent separation in the fiber structure at the level of the inner diameter.

[0019] According to another particular feature of the method of the invention, the first layering direction in said at least one section with inclined weft thread rows forms an angle of between 60° and 80°, more preferably of about 70°, with the horizontal.

[0020] The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a composite material component, comprising: - weaving a fiber structure according to the weaving method of the invention; - shaping the fiber structure to obtain a fiber preform; - Densification of the fiber structure preform by means of a matrix.

[0021] The present invention also relates to a fiber structure having three-dimensional weaving between multiple layers of warp yarns and multiple layers of weft yarns, the warp yarns extending in the horizontal direction and the weft yarns extending in the transverse direction; the structure includes a plurality of weft yarn columns spaced apart from each other in the horizontal direction, the weft yarns in each weft yarn column being juxtaposed along a determined layering direction in the thickness of the fiber structure; the fiber structure includes at least one section having an inclined weft yarn column, the weft yarns in the weft yarn columns of the at least one section having an inclined weft yarn column being juxtaposed along at least one first layering direction that is not perpendicular to the horizontal direction.

[0022] According to a particular feature of the fiber structure of the invention, the weft yarns in the weft yarn rows of the at least one section having inclined weft yarn rows are juxtaposed along different first and second layering directions. Thus, the fiber structure comprises one or more sections having weft yarn rows in a broken shape.

[0023] According to another particular feature of the fiber structure of the present invention, the at least one section having inclined weft yarn rows is interconnected with one or more adjacent sections of the fiber structure by weaving, the weft yarns of the weft yarn rows of the adjacent sections being juxtaposed along a layering direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction.

[0024] According to another particular feature of the fiber structure of the invention, the first layering direction in the at least one section with inclined weft yarn rows forms an angle between 60° and 80°, more preferably about 70°, with the horizontal direction.

[0025] The invention also relates to a composite material component comprising a fiber reinforcement densified by a matrix, characterized in that the fiber reinforcement comprises a fiber structure according to the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a jacquard-type loom according to the prior art; Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a jacquard-type loom according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A side view of a loom showing a section of a woven fiber structure having rows of weft yarns perpendicular to a horizontal reference plane; Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A side view of a loom showing a section of a woven fiber structure having rows of weft yarns inclined along a layering direction; Figure 5 yes Figure 2 A side view of a loom showing a section of a woven fiber structure having weft yarn columns inclined in two different layering directions; and Figure 6 yes Figure 2Side view of a weaving machine showing a section of a woven fiber structure having weft yarn columns inclined along two different layering directions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is generally applicable to jacquard-type looms, which are particularly used to produce fiber structures or fabrics by three-dimensional (3D) weaving between warp yarn layers and weft yarn layers. The present invention is more particularly applicable to the case of 3D weaving of fiber structures having at least one section with inclined weft yarn columns, as explained in detail below. "Three-dimensional weaving" or "3D weaving" refers here to a weaving pattern by which at least some weft yarns are interconnected to warp yarns over several layers of warp yarns, and vice versa. An example of three-dimensional weaving is called "double rib" weaving. "Double rib" weaving refers here to weaving in which each layer of warp yarns interconnects several layers of weft yarns, wherein all yarns in the same warp yarn column have the same movement in the weaving plane. The yarns used here can in particular be carbon fiber yarns or ceramic fiber yarns, such as silicon carbide (SiC) fibers, the present invention being not limited to these types of yarns.

[0028] Figure 2 FIG. 1 shows a loom 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The loom 100 is equipped with Figure 3 The loom 100 further comprises a jacquard mechanism 101 supported by a superstructure not shown in the drawing. The loom 100 also comprises a heald frame 110 consisting of a binding plate 111 and control yarns or healds 113, each heald 113 being connected at one end to a control hook 102 of the jacquard mechanism 101 and at the other end to one of the return springs 105 fixed to the frame 103 of the loom 100. Each heald 113 comprises an eyelet 114 through which a warp yarn 203 passes. The warp yarns 201 are organized at the level of the heald frame 110 of the loom into a plurality of layers and columns, which, as explained below, are manipulated by the loom so as to allow the insertion of weft yarns 204 according to a weaving pattern programmed in the loom. The warp yarns 203 are arranged in a horizontal direction D H The horizontal direction D H Corresponding to their advancing direction during weaving. The weft yarns 204 are arranged perpendicular to the horizontal direction D H The transverse direction D T Inserted between each row of warp yarns. In order to introduce each row of weft yarns during the weaving process of the fiber structure, the warp yarn winding system ( Figure 2 This system, located downstream of the loom, has the function of keeping all the warp threads in the clamping device and allowing them to advance a determined distance after each weft row has been inserted.

[0029] The healds 113 and their associated eyelets 114 extend in a zone Z in which they are driven by a substantially vertical oscillating movement indicated by the double arrow F. In the process of forming the shed, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, a portion of the healds 113 is subjected to the tension applied by the control hook 102. In this configuration, the healds 113 can lift some of the warp yarns 203 and thereby form a shed 104, thereby allowing the rapier 120 to pass through so as to introduce the weft yarn 204.

[0030] The rapier 120 present downstream of the heald 113 comprises a rod 121. A first end of the rod 121 is connected to an actuation system ( Figure 2 ), so that the rod 121 can be moved in both directions D 121 The other end of the rod 121 is provided with a clamp 122, which clamps the weft yarn 204 stored on the drum 130 after passing through the shed 104 during the forward path of the rod 121 to unfold it in the shed 104 during the return path of the rod 121. The weft yarn 204 thus placed in the shed 104 is cut by the knife 140 near the drum 130 and is released by the clamp 122 at its other end.

[0031] Then, the reed blade 150, which is located upstream of the rapier 120 and is in the rest position, is folded down so as to tighten the weft yarn introduced into the shed 104 onto the fell 205 of the fiber structure 200. Then, the rapier 120 is ready to clamp a new weft yarn 204 from the drum 130 again and place it again in the shed 104 or in a different shed according to the defined weaving. Thus, a fiber structure 200 with a 3D weave between the warp yarns 203 and the weft yarns 204 is gradually formed.

[0032] According to the invention, the layering direction of the weft yarns in each weft yarn row is adjusted with a reed blade 150. In fact, the angle at which the reed blade beats the weft yarns onto the fell 205 of the fiber structure 200 determines the layering direction of the weft yarns in each weft yarn row. For this purpose, in the invention, the loom is equipped with a reed blade, which comprises at least two fixed parts forming a certain angle between them, and the reed blade is orientable so as to set its beating angle on the fell of the woven fiber structure according to the layering direction to be obtained in each weft yarn row. The beating direction of the reed blade is parallel to the horizontal direction D H The vertical position of the reed blade relative to the fiber structure is further adjustable so as to position one or more fixed parts of the reed blade facing the fell of the fiber structure.

[0033] In the example described here, the reed blade 150 includes a first fixing portion 151, a second fixing portion 152 and a third fixing portion 153 in sequence, and a certain angle is formed between them. Among them, the first fixing portion 151 and the second fixing portion 152 form an angle α1, and the second fixing portion 152 and the third fixing portion 153 form an angle α2 ( Figures 3 to 6 ).

[0034] The reed blade 150 is mounted on the loom by a positioning mechanism 170, which is fixed to the frame 103, for example. The mechanism 170 includes an angle adjustment device 171. The angle adjustment device 171 includes a rotating shaft or a ball joint 1710, to which the lower end of the fixed part 151 of the reed blade is connected.

[0035] The weaving machine according to the invention also comprises means for vertically translating the fell or the reed blade of the fiber structure.

[0036] Regarding the vertical translation of the reed blade, the positioning mechanism 170 further comprises a vertical translation device 172. The angle adjustment device 171 is mounted on the vertical translation device 172. The vertical translation device 172 is fixed to the frame 103 of the loom. The device 172 makes it possible to adjust the reed blade 150 relative to the horizontal reference plane P H Move up or down. Horizontal reference plane P H The cloth fell 205 corresponding to the fiber structure is in the vertical direction D V The middle part of the top.

[0037] With regard to the vertical translation of the fell of the fiber structure, the loom further comprises a holding device 160. The holding device 160 comprises a plurality of actuators each connected to an actuator ( Figure 2 The lower jaw 161 and the upper jaw 162 are not shown in the figure. The actuating device can maintain the woven structure 200 on the one hand and can move in the vertical direction D on the other hand. V The holding device 160 allows the cloth fell 205 of the woven structure to be moved in the vertical direction D. V Relative to the horizontal reference plane P H Move up or down.

[0038] Thus, the positioning mechanism 170 can orient the reed blade around the rotation axis 1710 to adjust the first fixing portion 151, the second fixing portion 152 and the third fixing portion 153 of the reed blade 150 relative to the horizontal reference plane P. H The angle position of the fiber structure is adjusted so that the cloth fell or reed blade is in the vertical direction D V Move so that the reed blade is relative to the horizontal reference plane P H Move up or down.

[0039] The reed piece 150 and / or the positioning mechanism 160 are installed on the beating mechanism ( Figure 2 (not shown) so that it can be parallel to the horizontal direction D H The beating direction D F The weaving fell 205 of the fiber structure is beaten up.

[0040] Thus, during the weaving process of each section of the fiber structure, the angle and vertical position of the reed blade relative to the fabric fell of the fiber structure are adjusted, so that one or more fixed parts of the reed blade beat the weft of the fabric fell of the fiber structure at one or more determined angles.

[0041] Several examples of 3D weaving with the weaving machine 100 according to the present invention will now be described.

[0042] Figure 3 The section 10 of the fiber structure is shown by 3D weaving between multiple layers of warp yarns 11 and multiple layers of weft yarns 12. The weft yarns are woven in the section 10 in a horizontal direction D H Multiple columns C spaced apart from each other T12 Each weft row C T12 The weft yarns in the layering direction D S12 The juxtaposition is made in the thickness of the section 10 of the fiber structure, wherein the determined layering direction D S12 Perpendicular to the horizontal reference plane P H .

[0043] During the weaving of the section 10, the reed blade 150 is oriented about its rotation axis 1710 so that the second fixing portion 152 is perpendicular to the horizontal reference plane P H The reed blade 150 or the cloth fell 15 of the section 10 of the fiber structure is arranged in the vertical direction D V The second fixing portion 152 is positioned so that it faces the cloth fell 15. Thus, whenever the reed blade 150 moves along the beating direction D F When beating up the cloth fell 15, the weft yarns of the section 10 are arranged in each weft yarn row along a direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction D H The layering direction D S10 Juxtaposition.

[0044] Figure 4 The section 20 of the fiber structure is shown by 3D weaving between multiple layers of warp yarns 21 and multiple layers of weft yarns 22. The weft yarns are woven in the section 20 to form a 3D weaving pattern along the horizontal direction D. H Multiple columns C spaced apart from each other T22 Each weft row C of section 20 T22 The weft yarn 22 in the middle is not perpendicular to the horizontal reference plane P H The layering direction D S22 The upper cloth fell 25 of the section 20 of the fiber structure is juxtaposed.

[0045] During the weaving of the section 20 of the fiber structure, the reed blade 150 is oriented about its rotation axis 1710 so that the third fixing portion 153 is aligned with the horizontal reference plane P H Forming an angle β greater than 90° 22 The reed blade 150 or the cloth fell 25 is arranged along the vertical direction DV The third fixing portion 153 is positioned so as to face the cloth fell 25. Thus, whenever the reed blade 150 is moved in the beating direction D F During beating, the weft yarns of section 20 are moved along the horizontal reference plane P in each weft yarn row. H Angle β 22 The layering direction D S22 Juxtaposition.

[0046] Figure 5 The section 30 of the fiber structure is shown to be woven by 3D weaving between multiple layers of warp yarns 31 and multiple layers of weft yarns 32. The weft yarns are woven in the section 30 to form a 3D weaving pattern along the horizontal direction D. H Multiple columns C spaced apart from each other T32 Each weft row C of section 30 T32 The weft yarn 32 is not perpendicular to the horizontal reference plane P H The first layer direction D S320 and perpendicular to the horizontal reference plane P H The second layering direction D S321 The cloth fell 35 of the section 30 of the fiber structure is juxtaposed against it.

[0047] During the weaving of the section 30 of the fiber structure, the reed blade 150 is oriented about its rotation axis 1710 so that the first fixing portion 151 is aligned with the horizontal reference plane P H Forming an angle β greater than 90° 320 , and make the second fixing portion 152 and the horizontal reference plane P H The reed blade 150 or the cloth fell 35 is in the vertical direction D V The first fixing portion 151 is positioned so that a section of the first fixing portion 151 faces the lower portion of the cloth fell 35, and a section of the second fixing portion 152 faces the upper portion of the cloth fell 35. Thus, whenever the reed blade 150 moves in the beating direction D F During the beating-up, the weft yarns of section 30 are arranged along the horizontal reference plane P in each weft row. H Angle β 320 The first layer direction D S320 and perpendicular to the horizontal reference plane P H The second layering direction D S321 Thereby, a section of the fiber structure with a weft thread row in a broken shape is obtained.

[0048] Figure 6 The section 40 of the fiber structure is shown to be woven by 3D weaving between multiple layers of warp yarns 41 and multiple layers of weft yarns 42. The weft yarns are woven in the section 40 to form a 3D weaving pattern along the horizontal direction D. H Multiple columns C spaced apart from each other T42 Each weft row C of section 40 T42The weft yarn 42 is not perpendicular to the horizontal reference plane P H The first layer direction D S420 and perpendicular to the horizontal reference plane P H The second layering direction D S421 Juxtaposed against the fell 45 of the section 40 of the fiber structure.

[0049] During the weaving of the section 40 of the fiber structure, the reed blade 150 is oriented about its rotation axis 1710 so that the second fixing part 152 is aligned with the horizontal reference plane P H Forming an angle β less than 90° 420 , and make the third fixing portion 153 and the horizontal reference plane P H The reed blade 150 or the cloth fell 45 is in the vertical direction D V The reed blade 150 is positioned so that a section of the second fixing portion 152 faces the lower portion of the cloth fell 45, and a section of the third fixing portion 153 faces the upper portion of the cloth fell 45. F During the beating-up, the weft yarns of section 40 are arranged along the horizontal reference plane P in each weft yarn row. H Angle β 420 The first layer direction D S420 and along the vertical direction to the horizontal reference plane P H The second layering direction D S421 Thus, a section of the fiber structure is obtained which has a weft thread row in a broken shape.

[0050] The fiber structure according to the invention, i.e. it comprises a section with inclined or broken weft yarn rows as described above, can be used as a fiber reinforcement for a composite component. For this purpose, after the fiber structure has been possibly shaped, the fiber structure or the preform is densified to form the composite component. The densification of the fiber preform for forming the fiber reinforcement of the component to be manufactured consists of filling the whole or part of the volume of the pores of the preform with the material constituting the matrix. This densification can be carried out in a manner known per se using a liquid process (CVL) or a gas process (CVI), a ceramic filler injection process (slurry casting) or a silicon alloy impregnation process (MI or RMI) or using one or more of a series of these processes.

[0051] The liquid process involves impregnating the preform with a liquid composition containing a precursor of the matrix material. This precursor is usually in the form of a polymer, such as a high-performance epoxy resin, optionally diluted in a solvent. The preform is placed in a mold, which can be tightly closed with a shell having the shape of the final molded blade. The mold is then closed and a liquid matrix precursor (e.g. resin) is injected throughout the shell to impregnate the entire fiber portion of the preform.

[0052] The conversion of the precursor into a matrix, ie its polymerization, is carried out, after removal of any solvent and crosslinking of the polymer, by thermal treatment, generally by heating the mould, the preform always being maintained in a mould whose shape corresponds to that of the part to be produced.

[0053] In the case of forming a carbon or ceramic matrix, the thermal treatment includes pyrolysis of the precursor to convert the matrix into a carbon or ceramic matrix, depending on the precursor used and the pyrolysis conditions. For example, the liquid precursor of the ceramic, in particular SiC or SiCN, can be a resin of the polycarbosilane (PCS) or polytitanium carbosilane (PTCS) or polysilazane (PSZ) type, while the liquid precursor of the carbon can be a resin with a relatively high coke content, such as a phenolic resin. Several consecutive cycles from impregnation to thermal treatment can be performed to achieve the desired degree of densification.

[0054] In particular in the case of forming an organic matrix, the densification of the fiber preform can be carried out by the well-known transfer molding process called RTM (resin transfer molding). According to the RTM process, the fiber preform is placed in a mold having the external shape of the part to be produced. A thermosetting resin is injected into the inner space of the mold including the fiber preform. Usually, in this inner space, a pressure gradient is established between the location of the resin injection and the discharge orifice of the resin in order to monitor and optimize the resin impregnation of the preform.

[0055] Densification of the preform can also be achieved by polymer infusion and pyrolysis (PIP) or by impregnation of a slurry casting containing, for example, SiC and an organic binder and subsequent infiltration with liquid silicon (melt infiltration).

[0056] Densification of the fiber preform can also be carried out in a known manner by a gas process by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) of the matrix. The fiber preform corresponding to the fiber reinforcement of the blade to be produced is placed in a furnace that allows the entry of reactive gaseous substances. The pressure and temperature in the furnace and the composition of the gaseous substances are selected to allow the gaseous substances to diffuse within the pores of the preform to form a matrix by depositing a solid material at the core of the material in contact with the fibers, which solid material is produced by the decomposition of gaseous components or by the reaction between several components, in contrast to the pressure and high temperature conditions characteristic of the CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) process, which only leads to deposition on the surface of the material.

[0057] The formation of the SiC matrix can be obtained by methyltrichlorosilane (MTS), which decomposes to obtain SiC, while the carbon matrix can be obtained by hydrocarbon gases such as methane and / or propane, which crack to obtain carbon.

[0058] Densification combining liquid and gas processes may also be used for ease of implementation, which reduces cost and manufacturing cycle time while achieving satisfactory properties for the intended use.

[0059] The densification method described above makes it possible to produce components made mainly of organic matrix composites (OMC), carbon matrix composites (C / C) and ceramic matrix composites (CMC) based on the fiber structure of the invention. Organic matrix composites (OMC), carbon matrix composites (C / C) and ceramic matrix composites (CMC) replace metal material components in certain parts of turbomachinery. Their use contributes to optimizing the performance of aircraft, in particular by increasing the efficiency of turbomachinery and reducing its total mass, which significantly reduces harmful emissions to the environment (CO, CO2, NO x wait).

[0060] After densification, a composite part is obtained.

[0061] The fiber structure according to the invention and the method for producing it can be used in particular for producing turbine ring sectors, reinforcements, turbomachinery blades or vanes.

Claims

1. A jacquard loom (100) for looming in a horizontal direction (D H ) and a plurality of weft yarns (204) extending on a loom to produce a fiber structure (200), the loom comprising: Can be in the vertical direction (D V ) for moving the warp yarns on the control yarns (113); at least one rapier (120), the at least one rapier being located downstream of the control yarns (113) and capable of pulling the weft yarns (204); and a reed blade (150), the reed blade being capable of beating the weft in a beating direction (D) parallel to the horizontal direction. F ) between a rest position upstream of the rapier and a beating position at the fell of the fiber structure, The invention is characterized in that the reed blade (150) comprises at least two fixed parts (151, 152), an angle (α1) is formed between the at least two fixed parts, and the reed blade is mounted on the loom via a positioning mechanism (170), the positioning mechanism being capable of at least orienting the reed blade around a rotation axis (1710) to adjust the at least two fixed parts of the reed blade relative to a horizontal reference plane (P H ) angular position; the loom further comprises a vertical translation device (172, 160), the vertical translation device being capable of moving the reed blade or the cloth fell of the fiber structure in the vertical direction (D V ) so that the reed blade or the cloth fell is moved relative to the horizontal reference plane (P H ) to move up or down.

2. The loom according to claim 1, wherein: The angle (α1) formed between the at least two fixing portions is between 60° and 80°.

3. A method for three-dimensionally weaving between multiple layers of warp yarns and multiple layers of weft yarns in a single fiber structure, the weaving being performed by a loom (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the warp yarns (21) are arranged in a horizontal direction (D H ), the weft yarn (22) extending in the transverse direction (D T ), the weft yarns are woven in the horizontal direction (D H ) are spaced apart from each other on a T22 ), each weft row is positioned by a reed blade (150) of the loom (100) against the cloth fell (25) of the fiber structure, the weft yarns of each weft row are juxtaposed in the thickness of the fiber structure along the determined layering direction, the method comprising weaving at least one section (20) having an inclined weft row in the fiber structure, the weft rows (C T22 ) is not perpendicular to the horizontal reference plane (P H ) of at least one first layering direction (D S22 ) are juxtaposed.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein: The weft thread row (C) of the at least one section having an inclined weft thread row T32 ) along different first layering directions and second layering directions (D S320 , D S321 ) are juxtaposed.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein: The at least one section (20) having inclined weft yarn rows is interconnected with one or more adjacent sections of the fiber structure by weaving, the weft yarns in the weft yarn rows of the adjacent sections being arranged perpendicular to the horizontal direction (D H )’s layering directions are juxtaposed.

6. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein: The first layering direction (D) in the at least one section (20) having an inclined weft yarn row S22 ) forms an angle between 60° and 80° with the horizontal direction.

7. A method for manufacturing a composite material component, comprising: - a fiber structure woven according to the weaving method according to any one of claims 3 to 6; - shaping the fiber structure to obtain a fiber preform; - Densifying the fiber preform by means of a matrix.

8. A fiber structure obtained by the three-dimensional weaving method according to claim 3, wherein the fiber structure has a three-dimensional weaving between multiple layers of warp yarns (21) and multiple layers of weft yarns (22), wherein the warp yarns are arranged in a horizontal direction (D H ) and the weft yarns extend in the transverse direction (D T ), the structure comprising a plurality of weft yarn columns spaced from each other in the horizontal direction, the weft yarns in each weft yarn column being juxtaposed in the thickness of the fiber structure along the determined layering direction, the fiber structure comprising at least one section (20) having an inclined weft yarn column, the weft yarn columns (C T22 ) along at least one first layering direction (D S22 ) are juxtaposed.

9. The structure according to claim 8, wherein: The weft thread rows (C) of the at least one section (30) having inclined weft thread rows T32 ) along different first layering directions and second layering directions (D S320 , D S321 ) are juxtaposed.

10. The structure according to claim 8, wherein: The at least one section (20) having inclined weft yarn rows is interconnected with one or more adjacent sections of the fiber structure by weaving, the weft yarns in the weft yarn rows of the adjacent sections being juxtaposed in a layering direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction.

11. The structure according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein: The first layering direction (D) in the at least one section (20) having inclined weft columns S22 ) forms an angle (β) between 60° and 80° with the horizontal direction 22 ).

12. A composite material component comprising a fiber reinforcement densified by a matrix, characterized in that The fiber reinforcement comprises a fiber structure according to any one of claims 8 to 11.

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